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• apache webserver unresponsible with server-status showing all child processes waiting for connection

  - by Jeff

  My setup: i have 3 nearly identical webserver machines serving the same high loaded dynamic website with simple load balancing over dns. The service has been working for over two ears with the same apache config. apache2, php5, ubuntu 8.04 linux 2.6.24-29-server My problem: since about two weeks i'm experiencing problems with this config. Nearly every day i have one small moment about 5 minutes, in which the website is unreachable. I'm still able to login to the servers over ssh. If i run htop, i see the machine simply doing nothing. i have about 1000 apache processes running, but no cpu activity. i've used the apache mod_status to debug this situation. the process scoreboard looks like this: _C.___K_______________________R._______.__K_K____K___C_______.__ _______C__________.___________________________________.________C _.____K__________K___K_WK_____._K_____________________________._ W______K__________K________.____________________._______C_______ _C_.__K__K____.._.._____________________________________C_______ _R___________K___.______C________.C_________.______._____C______ ____________KKC____K_____K__WC_________________C_____.__.____.__ _____________________C_________K______.____C______._____________ _.___C____.___.___________________________.K______.____K________ W__.___________________C.__.____K________K_______R_._.__._______ __C__C_.__________C__C_______._____W______________C_.___C_______ ____.______C_____________C________.____C____________.________._K __.__________.K_____________K_________._____C____.K__________KW_ __K.W________R_________._______.___W___________.____.__K_____W__ W___.___..________W____K Scoreboard Key: "_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request, "W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup, "C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing, "I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process So the most of the processes are just waiting for connection. after about 5 minutes the situation will return to normal: i have lot least processes on every machine, the most workers have the "."-status (meaing they are open to process a request) and of course the website is reachable! so i'm trying to find something in the logs, but there is simply nothing... the apache access log is silent for about 4 minutes, the same is for the error log. i also can not figure out anything wrong in other system logs. the situation is the same on all 3 webservers (all of them have this load peak and unresposibility at the same time), so i do not thing this is hardware related. but i think, this might be related to some network (tcp) issue. any ideas? EDIT: some more information, that i have just discovered: it has just happened again. and i was able to verify that i'm also not able to connect locally when this problem occurs. i have made some connection statistics with the following command after it happend netstat -an|awk '/tcp/ {print $6}'|sort|uniq -c 109 CLOSE_WAIT 2652 ESTABLISHED 2 FIN_WAIT1 11 LAST_ACK 12 LISTEN 91 SYN_RECV 1 SYN_SENT 16 TIME_WAIT If i execute the same command some time later, i have something like this: 4 CLOSING 108 ESTABLISHED 18 FIN_WAIT1 182 FIN_WAIT2 37 LAST_ACK 12 LISTEN 50 SYN_RECV 11276 TIME_WAIT So in the normal situation i have only 100-200 open connections by clients beeing handled by apache in this moment. when i have this "crash", i have a lot more connections. what is the best way to analyse this? EDIT2: the important lines in apache2.conf are: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 20 KeepAliveTimeout 1 <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> ServerLimit 920 StartServers 30 MinSpareServers 80 MaxSpareServers 120 MaxClients 920 MaxRequestsPerChild 700 </IfModule> it is an apache2 prefork with php_mod. the server has 8GB ram and a 4gb swap partition.

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• Performance of Cluster Shared Volume file copy from SAN

  - by Sequenzia

  I am hoping someone can help me out with a strange issue. We are running a Microsoft Failover Cluster with Server 2008 R2 and an Equallogic PS4000 SAN. Our main configuration has 2 Dell Poweredge T710 Servers in the cluster. We have CSV and Quorm setup. The servers each have 10 Broadcom 1Gb NICs. Right now 4 of the NICS are on the iSCSI network for accessing the SAN. They use MPIO and the Dell HIT pack. We have 5 VMs running on each node and everything runs smooth. No noticeable performance issues or anything. From the SAN I can see the 4 iSCSI connections from each server to each volume (CSV and Quorm). Again, it seems to perform great. The problem I am running into is with backups. I have tried a few backup programs like backupchain and Veeam. The problem is both of them are very very slow to backup the VMs. For instance I have a 500GB (fixed disc) VHD that’s running on the cluster. It takes over 18 hours to backup that VHD and that’s with compression and depuping turned off which is supposed to be the fasted. We also have a separate server that is just for backups. It has a lot of directed attached storage. As part of the troubleshooting I decided to bring that server into the cluster as a node. It now has access to the CSV and can read from C:\clusterstorage\volume1 which is where our VHDs live. This backup server only has 2 NICs. 1 NIC is going to the iSCSI network and the other is just on the main network. It has Intel NICS in it without any sort of MPIO or teaming. So with the 3rd server now in the cluster I started doing some benchmarking. I have a test VHD that’s about 7GBs that’s stored in the CSV. I have tested file copying that VHD from all 3 servers to directed attached storage in the respective server. The 2 Dell servers that are the main nodes in the cluster (they house the VMs) are reading that file at about 20Mbs/Sec. Which at that rate is way to slow for the backups. The other server which only has 1 NIC to the SAN is reading at around 100Mbs/Sec. I spent a few hours on the phone with Dell today about this . We went through all kind of tests and he was pretty dumb founded. He really has no idea why that server with only 1 NIC is reading about 5 times as fast as the servers with 4 NICS and MPIO. We looked at the network utilization of the NICs while the file copy was going on. The servers with the 4 NICs had a small increase of activity during the file copy but they only went up to around 8-10% on all 4 NICs. The other server with the 1 NIC jumped up to over 80% during the file copy. I plan on doing some more testing after hours and calling Dell back tomorrow but I really am confused (and so is Dell’s support rep) why I cannot get faster file copy access to the CSV on those servers. Anyone have any input on this? Any feedback would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• Does ModSecurity 2.7.1 work with ASP.NET MVC 3?

  - by autonomatt

  I'm trying to get ModSecurity 2.7.1 to work with an ASP.NET MVC 3 website. The installation ran without errors and looking at the event log, ModSecurity is starting up successfully. I am using the modsecurity.conf-recommended file to set the basic rules. The problem I'm having is that whenever I am POSTing some form data, it doesn't get through to the controller action (or model binder). I have SecRuleEngine set to DetectionOnly. I have SecRequestBodyAccess set to On. With these settings, the body of the POST never reaches the controller action. If I set SecRequestBodyAccess to Off it works, so it's definitely something to do with how ModSecurity forwards the body data. The ModSecurity debug shows the following (looks to me as if all passed through): Second phase starting (dcfg 94b750). Input filter: Reading request body. Adding request argument (BODY): name "[0].IsSelected", value "on" Adding request argument (BODY): name "[0].Quantity", value "1" Adding request argument (BODY): name "[0].VariantSku", value "047861" Adding request argument (BODY): name "[1].Quantity", value "0" Adding request argument (BODY): name "[1].VariantSku", value "047862" Input filter: Completed receiving request body (length 115). Starting phase REQUEST_BODY. Recipe: Invoking rule 94c620; [file "*********************"] [line "54"] [id "200001"]. Rule 94c620: SecRule "REQBODY_ERROR" "!@eq 0" "phase:2,auditlog,id:200001,t:none,log,deny,status:400,msg:'Failed to parse request body.',logdata:%{reqbody_error_msg},severity:2" Transformation completed in 0 usec. Executing operator "!eq" with param "0" against REQBODY_ERROR. Operator completed in 0 usec. Rule returned 0. Recipe: Invoking rule 5549c38; [file "*********************"] [line "75"] [id "200002"]. Rule 5549c38: SecRule "MULTIPART_STRICT_ERROR" "!@eq 0" "phase:2,auditlog,id:200002,t:none,log,deny,status:44,msg:'Multipart request body failed strict validation: PE %{REQBODY_PROCESSOR_ERROR}, BQ %{MULTIPART_BOUNDARY_QUOTED}, BW %{MULTIPART_BOUNDARY_WHITESPACE}, DB %{MULTIPART_DATA_BEFORE}, DA %{MULTIPART_DATA_AFTER}, HF %{MULTIPART_HEADER_FOLDING}, LF %{MULTIPART_LF_LINE}, SM %{MULTIPART_MISSING_SEMICOLON}, IQ %{MULTIPART_INVALID_QUOTING}, IP %{MULTIPART_INVALID_PART}, IH %{MULTIPART_INVALID_HEADER_FOLDING}, FL %{MULTIPART_FILE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED}'" Transformation completed in 0 usec. Executing operator "!eq" with param "0" against MULTIPART_STRICT_ERROR. Operator completed in 0 usec. Rule returned 0. Recipe: Invoking rule 554bd70; [file "********************"] [line "80"] [id "200003"]. Rule 554bd70: SecRule "MULTIPART_UNMATCHED_BOUNDARY" "!@eq 0" "phase:2,auditlog,id:200003,t:none,log,deny,status:44,msg:'Multipart parser detected a possible unmatched boundary.'" Transformation completed in 0 usec. Executing operator "!eq" with param "0" against MULTIPART_UNMATCHED_BOUNDARY. Operator completed in 0 usec. Rule returned 0. Recipe: Invoking rule 554cbe0; [file "*********************************"] [line "94"] [id "200004"]. Rule 554cbe0: SecRule "TX:/^MSC_/" "!@streq 0" "phase:2,log,auditlog,id:200004,t:none,deny,msg:'ModSecurity internal error flagged: %{MATCHED_VAR_NAME}'" Rule returned 0. Hook insert_filter: Adding input forwarding filter (r 5541fc0). Hook insert_filter: Adding output filter (r 5541fc0). Initialising logging. Starting phase LOGGING. Recording persistent data took 0 microseconds. Audit log: Ignoring a non-relevant request. I can't see anything unusual in Fiddler. I'm using a ViewModel in the parameters of my action. No data is bound if SecRequestBodyAccess is set to On. I'm even logging all the Request.Form.Keys and values via log4net, but not getting any values there either. I'm starting to wonder if ModSecurity actually works with ASP.NET MVC or if there is some conflict with the ModSecurity http Module and the model binder kicking in. Does anyone have any suggestions or can anyone confirm they have ModSecurity working with an ASP.NET MVC website?

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• Rails app deployment challenge, not finding database table in production.log

  - by Stefan M

  I'm trying to setup PasswordPusher as my first ruby app ever. Building and running the webrick server as instructed in README works fine. It was only when I tried to add Apache ProxyPass and ProxyPassReverse that the page load slowed down to several minutes. So I gave mod_passenger a whirl but now it's unable to find the password table. Here's what I get in log/production.log. Started GET "/" for 10.10.2.13 at Sun Jun 10 08:07:19 +0200 2012 Processing by PasswordsController#new as HTML Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 1ms ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid (Could not find table 'passwords'): app/controllers/passwords_controller.rb:77:in `new' app/controllers/passwords_controller.rb:77:in `new' While in log/private.log I get a lot more output so here's just a snippet but it looks to me like it's working with the database. Edit: This was actually old log output, maybe from db:create. Migrating to AddUserToPassword (20120220172426) (0.3ms) ALTER TABLE "passwords" ADD "user_id" integer (0.0ms) PRAGMA index_list("passwords") (0.2ms) CREATE INDEX "index_passwords_on_user_id" ON "passwords" ("user_id") (0.7ms) INSERT INTO "schema_migrations" ("version") VALUES ('20120220172426') (0.1ms) select sqlite_version(*) (0.1ms) SELECT "schema_migrations"."version" FROM "schema_migrations" (0.0ms) PRAGMA index_list("passwords") (0.0ms) PRAGMA index_info('index_passwords_on_user_id') (4.6ms) PRAGMA index_list("rails_admin_histories") (0.0ms) PRAGMA index_info('index_rails_admin_histories') (0.0ms) PRAGMA index_list("users") (4.8ms) PRAGMA index_info('index_users_on_unlock_token') (0.0ms) PRAGMA index_info('index_users_on_reset_password_token') (0.0ms) PRAGMA index_info('index_users_on_email') (0.0ms) PRAGMA index_list("views") In my vhost I have it set to use RailsEnv private. <VirtualHost *:80> # ProxyPreserveHost on # # ProxyPass / http://10.220.100.209:180/ # ProxyPassReverse / http://10.220.100.209:180/ DocumentRoot /var/www/pwpusher/public <Directory /var/www/pwpusher/public> allow from all Options -MultiViews </Directory> RailsEnv private ServerName pwpush.intranet ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log LogLevel debug CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined </VirtualHost> My passenger.conf in mods-enabled is default for Debian. <IfModule mod_passenger.c> PassengerRoot /usr PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby </IfModule> In the apache error.log I get something more cryptic to me. [Sun Jun 10 06:25:07 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.16 (Debian) Phusion_Passenger/2.2.11 PHP/5.3.3-7+squeeze9 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.16 OpenSSL/0.9.8o configured -- resuming normal operations /var/www/pwpusher/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.8/bundler/gems/modernizr-rails-09e9e6a92d67/lib/modernizr/rails/version.rb:3: warning: already initialized constant VERSION cache: [GET /] miss [Sun Jun 10 08:07:19 2012] [debug] mod_deflate.c(615): [client 10.10.2.13] Zlib: Compressed 728 to 423 : URL / /var/www/pwpusher/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.8/bundler/gems/modernizr-rails-09e9e6a92d67/lib/modernizr/rails/version.rb:3: warning: already initialized constant VERSION cache: [GET /] miss [Sun Jun 10 10:17:16 2012] [debug] mod_deflate.c(615): [client 10.10.2.13] Zlib: Compressed 728 to 423 : URL / Maybe that's routine stuff. I can see the rake command create files in the relative app root db/. I have private.sqlite3, production.sqlite3 among others. And here's my config/database.yml. base: &base adapter: sqlite3 timeout: 5000 development: database: db/development.sqlite3 <<: *base test: database: db/test.sqlite3 <<: *base private: database: db/private.sqlite3 <<: *base production: database: db/production.sqlite3 <<: *base I've tried setting absolute paths in it but that did not help.

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• udp through nat

  - by youllknow

  Hi everyone! I've two private networks (each of them behind a typical dsl router). The routers are connected to the WWW. The extern interface of each router have one dynamic IP address. I want to stream data via UDP directly between one client in private network A and one client in private network B. I've already tried a lot of things (see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP_hole_punching, or STUN). But it wasn't possible for me to transfer data between the two clients. It's possible to use a server (located in the WWW, with static IP) to transfer the extern IPs (and extern ports) from the routers between the clients. So imagine client A knows client B's external IP and client B's external port assigned by his router. I simply tried sending UDP packet to the receivers external IP/port combination, but without any result. So does anyone know what do to communicate via UDP throw the two NAT routers? It must be possible??? Or does Skype, for example, not directly communicate between the clients when the call eachother (voice over ip). I am sorry for my bad English! If something is confusing don't mind asking me!!! Thanks for your help in advance. ::::EDIT:::: I can't get pwnat or chownat working. I tried it with my own dsl-gateway - didn't work. Then I set up a complete virtual environment using VMWare. C1 (Client 1, WinXP Prof SP3): 172.16.16.100/24, GW 172.16.16.1 C2 (Client 2, WinXP Prof SP3): 10.0.0.100/24, GW 10.0.0.1 C3 (Client 3, WinXP Prof SP3): 3.0.0.2/24, GW 3.0.0.1 S1 (Ubuntu 10.04 x64 Server): eth0: 172.16.16.1/24, eth1: 1.0.0.2/24 GW 1.0.0.1 S2 (Ubuntu 10.04 x64 Server): eth0: 10.0.0.1/24, eth1: 2.0.0.2/24 GW 2.0.0.1 S3 (Ubuntu 10.04 x64 Server): eth0: 1.0.0.1/24, eth1: 2.0.0.1/24, eth2: 3.0.0.1/24 +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ |C1|-----|S1|-----|S3|-----|S2|-----|C2| +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ | +--+ |C3| +--+ Server S1 and S2 provide NAT functionality. (they have routing enabled and provide a firewall, which allows trafic from the internal net and provide the nat functionality) Server S3 has routing enabled. The client firewalls are turned off. C1 and C2 are able to ping C3, e.g. visit C3's webserver. They are also able to send UDP Packets to C3 (C3 successful receives them)! C1 and C2 have also webservers running for test reasons. I run ""chownat -s 80 2.0.0.2"" at C1, and ""chownat -c 8000 1.0.0.2"" at C2. Then I tried to access the Webpage from C1 via webbrower localhost at port 8000. It didn't work. Can anybody help me? Any suggestions? If you have any questions to my question, please ask!

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• PC runs very slowly for no apparent reason

  - by GalacticCowboy

  I have a Dell Latitude D820 that I've owned for about 2.5 years. It is a Core 2 Duo T7200 2.0GHz, with 2 GB of RAM, an 80 GB hard drive and an NVidia Quadro 120M video card. The computer was purchased in late November of 2006 with XP Pro, and included a free upgrade to Vista Business. (Vista was available on MSDN but not yet via retail, so the Vista Business upgrades weren't shipped until March of '07.) Since we had an MSDN subscription at the time, I installed Vista Ultimate on it pretty much as soon as I got it. It ran happily until sometime in the spring of 2007 when Media Center (which I had never used except to watch DVDs) started throwing some kind of bizarre SQL (CE?) error. This error would pop up at random times just while using the computer. Furthermore, Media Center would no longer start. I never identified the cause of this error. I had the Vista Business upgrade by this time, so I nuked the machine, installed XP and all the drivers, and then the Vista Business upgrade. Again, it ran happily for a few months and then started behaving badly once again. Vista Business doesn't have Media Center, so this exhibited completely unrelated symptoms. For no apparent reason and at fairly random times, the machine would suddenly appear to freeze up or run very slowly. For example, launching a new application window (any app) might take 30-45 seconds to paint fully. However, Task Manager showed very low CPU load, memory, etc. I tried all the normal stuff (chkdsk, defrag, etc.) and ran several diagnostic programs to try to identify any problems, but none found anything. It eventually reached the point that the computer was all but unusable, so I nuked it again and installed XP. This time I decided to stick with XP instead of going to Vista. However, within the past couple of months it has started to exhibit the same symptoms in XP that I used to see in Vista. The computer is still under Dell warranty until December, but so far they aren't any help unless I can identify a specific problem. A friend (partner in a now-dead business) has an identical machine that was purchased at the same time. His machine exhibits none of these symptoms, which leads me to believe it is a hardware issue, but I can't figure out how to identify it. Any ideas? Utilities? Seen something similar? At this point I can't even identify any pattern to the behavior, but would be willing to run a "stress test"-style app for as long as a couple days if I had any hope that it would find something. EDIT July 17 I'm testing jerryjvl's answer regarding the video card, though I'm not sure it fully explains the symptoms yet. This morning I ran a video stress test. The test itself ran fine, but immediately afterward the PC started acting up again. I left ProcExp open and various system processes were consuming 50-60% of the CPU but with no apparent reason. For example, "services.exe" was eating about 40%, but the sum of its child processes wasn't higher than about 5%. I left it alone for several minutes to settle down, and then it was fine again. I used the "video card stability test" from firestone-group.com. Its output isn't very detailed, but it at least exercises the hardware pretty hard. EDIT July 22 Thanks for your excellent suggestions. Here is an update on what I have tried so far. Ran memtest86, SeaTools (Seagate), Hitachi drive fitness test, video card stability test (mentioned above). The video card test was the only one that seemed to produce any results, though it didn't occur during the actual test. I defragged the drive (again...) with JkDefrag I dropped the video card

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• Transparent proxy which preserves client mac address

  - by A G

  I have a customer that wants to intercept SSL traffic as it leaves their network. My proposed solution is to setup a proxy that is transparent and both layer 2 and layer 3 so it can simply be dropped into their network without any change in config required. The proxy has two NICs, one connected to the server, the other to the client. The client, proxy and gateway are under control of the customer, the server is not. For example: client --- Proxy --- gateway -|- server I have my proxy program configured with IP_TRANSPARENT socket option to it can respond to connections destined for a remote IP. I am using the following setup: iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j TPROXY --on-port 3128 --tproxy-mark 1/1 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -j MARK --set-mark 1 ip rule add fwmark 1/1 table 1 ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 1 The client in question is on its own subnet and has been configured so that the proxy is the default gateway. The result is: Client sends a frame to the proxy; source IP is client, source mac is client, destination IP is server, destination mac is proxy Proxy forwards this frame to the gateway; source IP is proxy, source mac is proxy, destination IP is server, destination mac is gateway Gateway forwards this to the server and gets a response back. Gateway sends reply back to proxy; source IP is server, source mac is gateway, destination IP is proxy, destination mac is proxy Proxy forwards this reply to client; source IP is server, source mac is proxy, destination IP is client, destination mac is client. The tproxy and iptables configuration lets the proxy send packets with a non local ip address. Is there a way to make something transparent at the mac address level? That is, put the client on the same subnet as the gateway. The gateway sees the source IP and mac as that of the client, even though they originated from the proxy. Could this be done by configuring the proxy as a bridge then use ebtables to escalate the traffic to be handled by iptables? When I use ebtables to push something up to iptables, it appears my proxy program doesn't respond to the packets as they are destined for the gateways's mac address, not the proxy's. What are some other potential avenues I could investigate? EDIT: When the client and gateway are on different subnets (and client has set the proxy as the gateway), it works as described in 1 to 5. But I want to know if it is possible to have the client and gateway on the same subnet and have the proxy fully transparent (ie client is not aware of the proxy). Thanks! EDIT 2: I can configure the proxy as a bridge using brctl, but cannot find a way to direct this traffic to my proxy program - asked here Possible for linux bridge to intercept traffic?. Currently, with the description numbered 1 to 5, it operates at layer 3; it is transparent on the client side (client thinks it is talking to the server's IP), but not on the gateway side (gateway is talking to the proxy's IP). What I want to find out is, is it possible to make this operate at layer 2, so it is fully transparent? What are the available options I should research? Thanks

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• Choice and setup of version control

  - by Peter M

  I am about to set up an new laptop and in the process transition to a new version control system as part of a general cleanup. Currently I use a centralized version control system (yes it is VSS, and yes I know all the pro's and con's of that system, but as a single user system it works well for me). I have very little requirements for a new system and I am free to choose among any of the current mainstream players, but cost constraints will push me towards oss. Some of my requirements are: Runs on a single machine (ie the laptop in question) under windows I am not sharing things with other developers or workers - this is more for my own historical benefits. I want to version source code, documentation and binary files I have a large hierarchy of projects that are unrelated (see below) I have files within the hierarchy that don't need to be controlled (but could be) Some projects use Visual Studio, so some integration there could be nice. There could be some sharing of files between jobs. I generally only need a small about of branching in code files The directory hierarchy that I have at the moment is somewhat like: Root | |--Customer #1 | | | |--Job #1 | | | | | |--Data files received from Customer for Job (not controlled) | | |--Documentation files (controlled) | | |--Project information files (not controlled - but could be) | | |--Software Project Files (controlled) | | |--Scratch dir for job (not controlled) | | | |--Job #2 | | (same structure as above) | |--Customer #2 | |.. | |--Cusmtomer #n |.. Currently I have about 22 customers with differing numbers of projects underneath them. At the moment I have a single VSS repository based at the root of the directory structure. If I kept with a centralized system (ie SVN) I believe that I should keep the same approach and continue with a single repository based from the root dir. Is this a valid approach? However if I move to a distributed tool then I am unsure of how I should handle the situation. My initial guess is that I should not have a repository based on the root of my entire directory structure - but that is a guess so I really don't know how valid it is. Should I pitch a distributed approach at the Root, Customer, Job or sub-Job directory level? Also what I am not clear on with distributed tools (and perhaps with SVN as well), is if I can branch parts of a repository. For example, I can see branching source code in software projects as being useful, but branching my documentation as not being useful. So if I pitch a repository at the Job level, can I just branch the Software Project Files? Or would all files in that Job be branched? Every time I look at distributed tools I get a nagging feeling that they are not suited to my style of setup. I am uncomfortable with idea of having to manually set up something like 50 to 80 separate repositories (if I pitch at the Job level, or 20+ if at the Customer level) within my directory hierarchy. This feeling also extends to having all those repositories scattered around as well - however I do have a backup strategy that I trust, so this latter feeling is pretty well unfounded. So what advice can you all give me? Thanks in advance!

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• "Possible SYN flooding" in log despite low number of SYN_RECV connections

  - by al4

  Recently we had an apache server which was responding very slowly due to SYN flooding. The workaround for this was to enable tcp_syncookies (net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf). I posted a question about this here if you want more background. After enabling syncookies we started seeing the following message in /var/log/messages approximately every 60 seconds: [84440.731929] possible SYN flooding on port 80. Sending cookies. Vinko Vrsalovic informed me that this means the syn backlog is getting full, so I raised tcp_max_syn_backlog to 4096. At some point I also lowered tcp_synack_retries to 3 (down from the default of 5) by issuing sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=3. After doing this, the frequency seemed to drop, with the interval of the messages varying between roughly 60 and 180 seconds. Next I issued sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=65536, but am still getting the message in the log. Throughout all this I've been watching the number of connections in SYN_RECV state (by running watch --interval=5 'netstat -tuna |grep "SYN_RECV"|wc -l'), and it never goes higher than about 240, much much lower than the size of the backlog. Yet I have a Red Hat server which hovers around 512 (limit on this server is the default of 1024). Are there any other tcp settings which would limit the size of the backlog or am I barking up the wrong tree? Should the number of SYN_RECV connections in netstat -tuna correlate to the size of the backlog? Update As best I can tell I'm dealing with legitimate connections here, netstat -tuna|wc -l hovers around 5000. I've been researching this today and found this post from a last.fm employee, which has been rather useful. I've also discovered that the tcp_max_syn_backlog has no effect when syncookies are enabled (as per this link) So as a next step I set the following in sysctl.conf: net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3 # default=5 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 3 # default=5 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 # default=1024 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 # default=124928 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 # default=131071 net.core.somaxconn = 512 # default = 128 net.core.optmem_max = 81920 # default = 20480 I then setup my response time test, ran sysctl -p and disabled syncookies by sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=0. After doing this the number of connections in the SYN_RECV state still remained around 220-250, but connections were starting to delay again. Once I noticed these delays I re-enabled syncookies and the delays stopped. I believe what I was seeing was still an improvement from the initial state, however some requests were still delayed which is much worse than having syncookies enabled. So it looks like I'm stuck with them enabled until we can get some more servers online to cope with the load. Even then, I'm not sure I see a valid reason to disable them again as they're only sent (apparently) when the server's buffers get full. But the syn backlog doesn't appear to be full with only ~250 connections in the SYN_RECV state! Is it possible that the SYN flooding message is a red herring and it's something other than the syn_backlog that's filling up? If anyone has any other tuning options I haven't tried yet I'd be more than happy to try them out, but I'm starting to wonder if the syn_backlog setting isn't being applied properly for some reason.

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• Inconsistent file downloads of (what should be) the same file

  - by Austin A.

  I'm working on a system that archives large collections of timetstamped images. Part of the system deals with saving an image to a growing .zip file. This morning I noticed that the log system said that an image was successfully downloaded and placed in the zip file, but when I downloaded the .zip (from an apache alias running on our server), the images didn't match the log. For example, although the log said that camera 3484 captured on January 17, 2011, when I download from the apache alias, the downloaded zip file only contains images up to January 14. So, I sshed onto the server, and unzipped the file in its own directory, and that zip file has images from January 14 to today (January 17). What strikes me as odd is that this should be the exact same file as the one I downloaded from the apache alias. Other experiments: I scp-ed the file from the server to my local machine, and the zip file has the newer images. But when I use an SCP client (in this case, Fugu for OSX), I get the zip file for the older images. In short: unzipping a file on the server or after downloading through scp or after downloading through wget gives one zip file, but unzipping a file from Chrome, Firefox, or SCP client gives a different zip file, when they should be exactly the same. Unzipping on the server... [user@server ~]$ cd /export1/amos/images/2011/84/3484/00003484/ [user@server 00003484]$ ls -la total 6180 drwxr-sr-x 2 user groupname 24 Jan 17 11:20 . drwxr-sr-x 4 user groupname 36 Jan 11 19:58 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 user groupname 6309980 Jan 17 12:05 2011.01.zip [user@server 00003484]$ unzip 2011.01.zip Archive: 2011.01.zip extracting: 20110114_140547.jpg extracting: 20110114_143554.jpg replace 20110114_143554.jpg? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y extracting: 20110114_143554.jpg extracting: 20110114_153458.jpg (...bunch of files...) extracting: 20110117_170459.jpg extracting: 20110117_173458.jpg extracting: 20110117_180501.jpg Using the wget through apache alias. local:~ user$ wget http://example.com/zipfiles/2011/84/3484/00003484/2011.01.zip --12:38:13-- http://example.com/zipfiles/2011/84/3484/00003484/2011.01.zip => `2011.01.zip' Resolving example.com... ip.ip.ip.ip Connecting to example.com|ip.ip.ip.ip|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 6,327,747 (6.0M) [application/zip] 100% [=====================================================================================================>] 6,327,747 1.03M/s ETA 00:00 12:38:56 (143.23 KB/s) - `2011.01.zip' saved [6327747/6327747] local:~ user$ unzip 2011.01.zip Archive: 2011.01.zip extracting: 20110114_140547.jpg (... same as before...) extracting: 20110117_183459.jpg Using scp to grab the zip local:~ user$ scp user@server:/export1/amos/images/2011/84/3484/00003484/2011.01.zip . 2011.01.zip 100% 6179KB 475.3KB/s 00:13 local:~ user$ unzip 2011.01.zip Archive: 2011.01.zip extracting: 20110114_140547.jpg (...same as before...) extracting: 20110117_183459.jpg Using Fugu to download 2011.01.zip from /export1/amos/images/2011/84/3484/00003484/ gives images 20110113_090457.jpg through 201100114_010554.jpg Using Firefox to download 2011.01.zip from http://example.com/zipfiles/2011/84/3484/00003484/2011.01.zip gives images 20110113_090457.jpg through 201100114_010554.jpg Using Chrome gives same results as Firefox. Relevant section from apache httpd.conf: # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the realname directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the client. # The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias directives as to # Alias. # ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" Alias /zipfiles/ /export1/amos/images/

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• Why would VMWare to go defunct? How to recover from/prevent it?

  - by Josh

  I am running VMWare Server 2.0.2 (Build 203138) on a dual core Intel i5 with Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS system (kernel 2.6.32-22-server #33-Ubuntu SMP). Disk Subsystem is a software RAID5 array. The system has been set up for a little over a week. For the past 5 days I have been running at leat 3 VMs (Linux and a variety of Windows OSes) with no issues whatsoever. But while I was installing Linux onto a new VM, suddenly all VMs became unresponsive, including the one I was installing to. I could not log in to the VMWare Management Interface, and the system was somewhat unresponsive via SSH. When I looked at top, I saw: top - 16:14:51 up 6 days, 1:49, 8 users, load average: 24.29, 24.33 17.54 Tasks: 203 total, 7 running, 195 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 25.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 74.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8056656k total, 5927580k used, 2129076k free, 20320k buffers Swap: 7811064k total, 240216k used, 7570848k free, 5045884k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 21549 root 39 19 0 0 0 Z 100 0.0 15:02.44 [vmware-vmx] <defunct> 2115 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 170:32.08 [vmware-rtc] 2231 root 21 1 1494m 126m 100m S 1 1.6 892:58.05 /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-vmx -# product=2; 2280 jnet 20 0 19320 1164 800 R 0 0.0 30:04.55 top 12236 root 20 0 833m 41m 34m S 0 0.5 88:34.24 /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-vmx -# product=2; 1 root 20 0 23704 1476 920 S 0 0.0 0:00.80 /sbin/init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 [kthreadd] 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 [migration/0] 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.84 [ksoftirqd/0] 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 [watchdog/0] 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 [migration/1] The VMWare process for the virtual machine I was installing into became a zombie. Yet, it was still consuming 100% of the CPU time on one of the cores, and I couldn't reach it or any other virtual machines. (I was logged in to one virtual machine over SSH, another via X11, and a third via VNC. All three connections died). When I ran ps -ef and similar commands, I found that the defunct vmware-vmx process had it's parent PID set to init (1). I also used lsof -p 21549 and found that the defunct process had no open files. Yet it was using 100% of CPU time... I was unable to kill any vmware-vmx processes, including the defunct one, even with kill -9. As a last resort to resolve the situation I tried to reboot the box, however shutdown, halt, reboot, and init 6 all failed to reboot/shutdown, even when given appropriate --force settings. ControlAltDel produced a message about rebooting on the console, but the system would not reboot. I had to hard power-cycle the box to resolve the situation. (See my other question, Should I worry about the integrity of my linux software RAID5 after a crash or kernel panic?) What would cause a scenario like this? What else could I have done to resolve it besides a hard reboot? What can I do to prevent such a situation in the future?

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• i cant ping to my DMZ zone from the local inside PC

  - by Big Denzel

  HI everybody. Can anyone please help me on the following issue. I got a Cisco Asa 5520 configured at my network. I cant ping to my DMZ interface from a local inside network PC. so the only way a ping the DMZ is right from the Cisco ASA firewall, there i can pint to all 3 interfaces, Inside, Outside and DMZ,,,, But no PC from the Inside Network can access the DMZ. Can please any one help? I thank you all in advance Bellow is my Cisco ASA 5520 Firewall show run; ASA-FW# sh run : Saved : ASA Version 7.0(8) ! hostname ASA-FW enable password encrypted passwd encrypted names dns-guard ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 description "Link-To-GW-Router" nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 41.223.156.109 255.255.255.248 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 description "Link-To-Local-LAN" nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.252.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 description "Link-To-DMZ" nameif dmz security-level 50 ip address 172.16.16.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/3 shutdown no nameif no security-level no ip address ! interface Management0/0 description "Local-Management-Interface" no nameif no security-level ip address 192.168.192.1 255.255.255.0 ! ftp mode passive access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended permit tcp any host 41.223.156.107 eq smtp access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended permit tcp any host 41.223.156.106 eq www access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended permit icmp any any log access-list OUT-TO-DMZ extended deny ip any any access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq pop3 access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq smtp access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq ssh access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq telnet access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq https access-list inside extended permit udp any any eq domain access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq domain access-list inside extended permit tcp any any eq www access-list inside extended permit ip any any access-list inside extended permit icmp any any access-list dmz extended permit ip any any access-list dmz extended permit icmp any any access-list cap extended permit ip 10.1.4.0 255.255.252.0 172.16.16.0 255.255.25 5.0 access-list cap extended permit ip 172.16.16.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.4.0 255.255.25 2.0 no pager logging enable logging buffer-size 5000 logging monitor warnings logging trap warnings mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 mtu dmz 1500 no failover asdm image disk0:/asdm-508.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (dmz,outside) tcp 41.223.156.106 www 172.16.16.80 www netmask 255.255.255 .255 static (dmz,outside) tcp 41.223.156.107 smtp 172.16.16.25 smtp netmask 255.255.2 55.255 static (inside,dmz) 10.1.0.0 10.1.16.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 access-group OUT-TO-DMZ in interface outside access-group inside in interface inside access-group dmz in interface dmz route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 41.223.156.108 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 timeout mgcp-pat 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute http server enable http 10.1.4.0 255.255.252.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 management-access inside ! ! match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns maximum-length 512 inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect skinny inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect sip inspect xdmcp ! service-policy global_policy global Cryptochecksum: : end ASA-FW# Please Help. Big Denzel

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• Cisco Pix how to add an additional block of static ip addresses for nat?

  - by Scott Szretter

  I have a pix 501 with 5 static ip addresses. My isp just gave me 5 more. I am trying to figure out how to add the new block and then how to nat/open at least one of them to an inside machine. So far, I named a new interface "intf2", ip range is 71.11.11.58 - 62 (gateway should 71.11.11.57) imgsvr is the machine I want to nat to one of the (71.11.11.59) new ip addresses. mail (.123) is an example of a machine that is mapped to the current existing 5 ip block (96.11.11.121 gate / 96.11.11.122-127) and working fine. Building configuration... : Saved : PIX Version 6.3(4) interface ethernet0 auto interface ethernet0 vlan1 logical interface ethernet1 auto nameif ethernet0 outside security0 nameif ethernet1 inside security100 nameif vlan1 intf2 security1 enable password xxxxxxxxx encrypted passwd xxxxxxxxx encrypted hostname xxxxxxxPIX domain-name xxxxxxxxxxx no fixup protocol dns fixup protocol ftp 21 fixup protocol h323 h225 1720 fixup protocol h323 ras 1718-1719 fixup protocol http 80 fixup protocol rsh 514 fixup protocol rtsp 554 fixup protocol sip 5060 fixup protocol sip udp 5060 fixup protocol skinny 2000 no fixup protocol smtp 25 fixup protocol sqlnet 1521 fixup protocol tftp 69 names ...snip... name 192.168.10.13 mail name 192.168.10.29 imgsvr object-group network vpn1 network-object mail 255.255.255.255 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq www access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq 3389 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.123 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.123 eq www access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq smtp access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq 10443 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq smtp access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq 10443 access-list outside_access_in deny ip any any access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 172.17.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 ...snip... access-list inside_access_in deny tcp any any eq smtp access-list inside_access_in permit ip any any pager lines 24 logging on logging buffered notifications mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 ip address outside 96.11.11.122 255.255.255.248 ip address inside 192.168.10.15 255.255.255.0 ip address intf2 71.11.11.58 255.255.255.248 ip audit info action alarm ip audit attack action alarm pdm location exchange 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location IPPool2 255.255.255.0 outside pdm location 96.11.11.122 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 192.168.10.6 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail-gate1 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail-gate2 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location imgsvr 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 71.11.11.59 255.255.255.255 intf2 pdm logging informational 100 pdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface global (outside) 2 96.11.11.123 global (intf2) 3 interface global (intf2) 4 71.11.11.59 nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 2 mail 255.255.255.255 0 0 nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 smtp mail smtp netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 https mail https netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 www mail www netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.124 ts netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.126 mail-gate2 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.125 mail-gate1 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 access-group outside_access_in in interface outside access-group inside_access_in in interface inside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 96.11.11.121 1 route intf2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 71.11.11.57 2 timeout xlate 0:05:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 rpc 0:10:00 h225 1:00:00 timeout h323 0:05:00 mgcp 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute floodguard enable ...snip... : end [OK] Thanks!

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• iptables - quick safety eval & limit max conns over time

  - by Peter Hanneman

  Working on locking down a *nix server box with some fancy iptable(v1.4.4) rules. I'm approaching the matter with a "paranoid, everyone's out to get me" style, not necessarily because I expect the box to be a hacker magnet but rather just for the sake of learning iptables and *nix security more throughly. Everything is well commented - so if anyone sees something I missed please let me know! The *nat table's "--to-ports" point to the only ports with actively listening services. (aside from pings) Layer 2 apps listen exclusively on chmod'ed sockets bridged by one of the layer 1 daemons. Layers 3+ inherit from layer 2 in a similar fashion. The two lines giving me grief are commented out at the very bottom of the *filter rules. The first line runs fine but it's all or nothing. :) Many thanks, Peter H. *nat #Flush previous rules, chains and counters for the 'nat' table -F -X -Z #Redirect traffic to alternate internal ports -I PREROUTING --src 0/0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080 -I PREROUTING --src 0/0 -p tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8443 -I PREROUTING --src 0/0 -p udp --dport 53 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8053 -I PREROUTING --src 0/0 -p tcp --dport 9022 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8022 COMMIT *filter #Flush previous settings, chains and counters for the 'filter' table -F -X -Z #Set default behavior for all connections and protocols -P INPUT DROP -P OUTPUT DROP -A FORWARD -j DROP #Only accept loopback traffic originating from the local NIC -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP #Accept all outgoing non-fragmented traffic having a valid state -A OUTPUT ! -f -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT #Drop fragmented incoming packets (Not always malicious - acceptable for use now) -A INPUT -f -j DROP #Allow ping requests rate limited to one per second (burst ensures reliable results for high latency connections) -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -m limit --limit 1/sec --limit-burst 2 -j ACCEPT #Declaration of custom chains -N INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -N INSPECT_STATE -N INSPECT #Drop incoming tcp connections with invalid tcp-flags -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags ACK,FIN FIN -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags ACK,PSH PSH -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags ACK,URG URG -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,FIN SYN,FIN -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL FIN,PSH,URG -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags FIN,RST FIN,RST -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN,RST -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL SYN,FIN,PSH,URG -j DROP -A INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL SYN,RST,ACK,FIN,URG -j DROP #Accept incoming traffic having either an established or related state -A INSPECT_STATE -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT #Drop new incoming tcp connections if they aren't SYN packets -A INSPECT_STATE -m state --state NEW -p tcp ! --syn -j DROP #Drop incoming traffic with invalid states -A INSPECT_STATE -m state --state INVALID -j DROP #INSPECT chain definition -A INSPECT -p tcp -j INSPECT_TCP_FLAGS -A INSPECT -j INSPECT_STATE #Route incoming traffic through the INSPECT chain -A INPUT -j INSPECT #Accept redirected HTTP traffic via HA reverse proxy -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT #Accept redirected HTTPS traffic via STUNNEL SSH gateway (As well as tunneled HTTPS traffic destine for other services) -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8443 -j ACCEPT #Accept redirected DNS traffic for NSD authoritative nameserver -A INPUT -p udp --dport 8053 -j ACCEPT #Accept redirected SSH traffic for OpenSSH server #Temp solution: -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8022 -j ACCEPT #Ideal solution: #Limit new ssh connections to max 10 per 10 minutes while allowing an "unlimited" (or better reasonably limited?) number of established connections. #-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8022 --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -m recent --set -j ACCEPT #-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8022 --state NEW -m recent --update --seconds 600 --hitcount 11 -j DROP COMMIT *mangle #Flush previous rules, chains and counters in the 'mangle' table -F -X -Z COMMIT

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• Apache, ISPConfig & Roundcube alias

  - by Jay Zus

  I'm using ISPConfig to setup all the websites on my server but I also like to try to fiddle with the files myself to see how it works. Like you guessed, yes, I've broken something. I can't access my webmail setup by default on the server with the alias /webmail (I access it via the http://xxx.xxx.xx.xx/webmail) Firefox tells me that The page isn't redirecting properly Firefox has detected that the server is redirecting the request for this address in a way that will never complete. So I cleaned up my vhost files and the one of my websites work as intended, I think that the problem comes from my default.vhost. Here's the content of it <Directory /var/www/> AllowOverride None Order Deny,Allow Deny from all </Directory> <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/ ServerAdmin [email protected] <Directory /var/www/> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> This isn't a lot and I can't really see what's wrong with it, all I know is that it isn't the one that came with ISPConfig and I can't find an original one. Here's the roundcube.conf that loads with apache # Those aliases do not work properly with several hosts on your apache server # Uncomment them to use it or adapt them to your configuration # Alias /roundcube/program/js/tiny_mce/ /usr/share/tinymce/www/ # Alias /roundcube /var/lib/roundcube Alias /webmail /var/lib/roundcube/ # Access to tinymce files <Directory "/usr/share/tinymce/www/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/> Options +FollowSymLinks # This is needed to parse /var/lib/roundcube/.htaccess. See its # content before setting AllowOverride to None. AllowOverride All order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> # Protecting basic directories: <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/config> Options -FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/temp> Options -FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Deny from all </Directory> <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/logs> Options -FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Deny from all </Directory> I didn't touch that file, but I guess it has something to do with the problem. I just can't find why it doesn't work. EDIT: This is the errors in my apache's log [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 540 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0"

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• CPU/JVM/JBoss 7 slows down over time

  - by lukas

  I'm experiencing performance slow down on JBoss 7.1.1 Final. I wrote simple program that demostrates this behavior. I generate an array of 100,000 of random integers and run bubble sort on it. @Model public class PerformanceTest { public void proceed() { long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); int[] arr = new int[100000]; for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { arr[i] = (int) (Math.random() * 200000); } long now2 = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println((now2 - now) + "ms took to generate array"); now = System.currentTimeMillis(); bubbleSort(arr); now2 = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println((now2 - now) + "ms took to bubblesort array"); } public void bubbleSort(int[] arr) { boolean swapped = true; int j = 0; int tmp; while (swapped) { swapped = false; j++; for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - j; i++) { if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) { tmp = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[i + 1]; arr[i + 1] = tmp; swapped = true; } } } } } Just after I start the server, it takes approximately 22 seconds to run this code. After few days of JBoss 7.1.1. running, it takes 330 sec to run this code. In both cases, I launch the code when the CPU utilization is very low (say, 1%). Any ideas why? I run the server with following arguments: -Xms1280m -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=2048m -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dorg.jboss.resolver.warning=true -Dsun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval=3600000 -Dsun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval=3600000 -Djboss.modules.system.pkgs=org.jboss.byteman -Djava.awt.headless=true -Duser.timezone=UTC -Djboss.server.default.config=standalone-full.xml -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=8787,server=y,suspend=n I'm running it on Linux 2.6.32-279.11.1.el6.x86_64 with java version "1.7.0_07". It's within J2EE applicaiton. I use CDI so I have a button on JSF page that will call method "proceed" on @RequestScoped component PerformanceTest. I deploy this as separate war file and even if I undeploy other applications, it doesn't change the performance. It's a virtual machine that is sharing CPUs with another machine but that one doesn't consume anything. Here's yet another observation: when the server is after fresh start and I run the bubble sort, It utilizes 100% of one processor core. It never switches to another core or drops utilization below 95%. However after some time the server is running and I'm experiencing the performance problems, the method above is utilizing CPU core usually 100%, however I just found out from htop that this task is being switched very often to other cores. That is, at the beginning it's running on core #1, after say 2 seconds it's running on #5 then after say 2 seconds #8 etc. Furthermore, the utilization is not kept at 100% at the core but sometimes drops to 80% or even lower. For the server after fresh start, even though If I simulate a load, it never switches the task to another core.

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• Ubuntu 14.04, OpenLDAP TLS problems

  - by larsemil

  So i have set up an openldap server using this guide here. It worked fine. But as i want to use sssd i also need TLS to be working for ldap. So i looked into and followed the TLS part of the guide. And i never got any errors and slapd started fine again. BUT. It does not seem to work when i try to use ldap over tls. root@server:~# ldapsearch -x -ZZ -H ldap://83.209.243.253 -b dc=daladevelop,dc=se ldap_start_tls: Protocol error (2) additional info: unsupported extended operation Ganking up the debug level some notches returns some more information: root@server:~# ldapsearch -x -ZZ -H ldap://83.209.243.253 -b dc=daladevelop,dc=se -d 5 ldap_url_parse_ext(ldap://83.209.243.253) ldap_create ldap_url_parse_ext(ldap://83.209.243.253:389/??base) ldap_extended_operation_s ldap_extended_operation ldap_send_initial_request ldap_new_connection 1 1 0 ldap_int_open_connection ldap_connect_to_host: TCP 83.209.243.253:389 ldap_new_socket: 3 ldap_prepare_socket: 3 ldap_connect_to_host: Trying 83.209.243.253:389 ldap_pvt_connect: fd: 3 tm: -1 async: 0 ldap_open_defconn: successful ldap_send_server_request ber_scanf fmt ({it) ber: ber_scanf fmt ({) ber: ber_flush2: 31 bytes to sd 3 ldap_result ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 wait4msg ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 (infinite timeout) wait4msg continue ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 all 1 ** ld 0x7f25df51e220 Connections: * host: 83.209.243.253 port: 389 (default) refcnt: 2 status: Connected last used: Fri Jun 6 08:52:16 2014 ** ld 0x7f25df51e220 Outstanding Requests: * msgid 1, origid 1, status InProgress outstanding referrals 0, parent count 0 ld 0x7f25df51e220 request count 1 (abandoned 0) ** ld 0x7f25df51e220 Response Queue: Empty ld 0x7f25df51e220 response count 0 ldap_chkResponseList ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 all 1 ldap_chkResponseList returns ld 0x7f25df51e220 NULL ldap_int_select read1msg: ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 all 1 ber_get_next ber_get_next: tag 0x30 len 42 contents: read1msg: ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 message type extended-result ber_scanf fmt ({eAA) ber: read1msg: ld 0x7f25df51e220 0 new referrals read1msg: mark request completed, ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 request done: ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 res_errno: 2, res_error: <unsupported extended operation>, res_matched: <> ldap_free_request (origid 1, msgid 1) ldap_parse_extended_result ber_scanf fmt ({eAA) ber: ldap_parse_result ber_scanf fmt ({iAA) ber: ber_scanf fmt (}) ber: ldap_msgfree ldap_err2string ldap_start_tls: Protocol error (2) additional info: unsupported extended operation ldap_free_connection 1 1 ldap_send_unbind ber_flush2: 7 bytes to sd 3 ldap_free_connection: actually freed So no good information there neither. In /var/log/syslog i get: Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 fd=23 ACCEPT from IP=83.209.243.253:56440 (IP=0.0.0.0:389) Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 op=0 EXT oid=1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.20037 Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 op=0 do_extended: unsupported operation "1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.20037" Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 op=0 RESULT tag=120 err=2 text=unsupported extended operation Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 op=1 UNBIND Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 fd=23 closed If i portscan the host i get the following: Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-06-06 08:56 CEST Nmap scan report for h83-209-243-253.static.se.alltele.net (83.209.243.253) Host is up (0.0072s latency). Not shown: 996 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 80/tcp open http 389/tcp open ldap 636/tcp open ldapssl But when i check certs root@master:~# openssl s_client -connect daladevelop.se:636 -showcerts -state CONNECTED(00000003) SSL_connect:before/connect initialization SSL_connect:unknown state 140244859233952:error:140790E5:SSL routines:SSL23_WRITE:ssl handshake failure:s23_lib.c:177: --- no peer certificate available --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 0 bytes and written 317 bytes --- New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE) Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE --- And i feel like i am clearly out in deep water not knowing at all where to go from here. Anny hints appreciated on what to do or to get better debug logging... EDIT: This is my config slapcated from cn=config and it does not mention at all anything about TLS. I have inserted my certinfo.ldif: root@master:~# cat certinfo.ldif dn: cn=config add: olcTLSCACertificateFile olcTLSCACertificateFile: /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem - add: olcTLSCertificateFile olcTLSCertificateFile: /etc/ssl/certs/daladevelop_slapd_cert.pem - add: olcTLSCertificateKeyFile olcTLSCertificateKeyFile: /etc/ssl/private/daladevelop_slapd_key.pem and when doing that i only got this as an answer. root@master:~# sudo ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f certinfo.ldif SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth SASL SSF: 0 modifying entry "cn=config" So still no wiser.

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• Howto Nginx + git-http-backend + fcgiwrap (Debian Squeeze)

  - by brainsqueezer

  I am trying to setup git-http-backend with Nginx but after 24 hours wasting time and reading everything I could I think this config should work but doesn't. server { listen 80; server_name mydevserver; access_log /var/log/nginx/dev.access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/dev.error.log; location / { root /var/repos; } location ~ /git(/.*) { gzip off; root /usr/lib/git-core; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params2; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT /usr/lib/git-core/; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME git-http-backend; fastcgi_param GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL ""; fastcgi_param GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/repos; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $1; #fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; } } Content of /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params2 fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user; # required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; but config seems not working $ git clone http://mydevserver/git/myprojectname/ Cloning into myprojectname... warning: remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout. and I can request an unexistant project and I will get the same answer $ git clone http://mydevserver/git/thisprojectdoesntexist/ Cloning into thisprojectdoesntexist... warning: remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout. If I change root to /usr/lib I will get a 403 error and this will be reported to nginx error log: 2011/11/23 15:52:46 [error] 5224#0: *55 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Cannot get script name, is DOCUMENT_ROOT and SCRIPT_NAME set and is the script executable?" while reading response header from upstream, client: 198.168.0.4, server: mydevserver, request: "GET /git/myprojectname/info/refs HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket:", host: "mydevserver" My main trouble is with the correct root value with this configuration. Maybe there are some permissions problems. Notes: /var/repos/ is owned by www-data and contains folders bit git bare repos. All this works perfectly using ssh. If I go with my browser to http://mydevserver/git/myproject/info/refs it is answered by git-http-backend asking me to send a command. /var/run/fcgiwrap.socket has 777 permissions.

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• Linux software RAID6: rebuild slow

  - by Ole Tange

  I am trying to find the bottleneck in the rebuilding of a software raid6. ## Pause rebuilding when measuring raw I/O performance # echo 1 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min # echo 1 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_max ## Drop caches so that does not interfere with measuring # sync ; echo 3 | tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches >/dev/null # time parallel -j0 "dd if=/dev/{} bs=256k count=4000 | cat >/dev/null" ::: sdbd sdbc sdbf sdbm sdbl sdbk sdbe sdbj sdbh sdbg 4000+0 records in 4000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 7.30336 s, 144 MB/s [... similar for each disk ...] # time parallel -j0 "dd if=/dev/{} skip=15000000 bs=256k count=4000 | cat >/dev/null" ::: sdbd sdbc sdbf sdbm sdbl sdbk sdbe sdbj sdbh sdbg 4000+0 records in 4000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 12.7991 s, 81.9 MB/s [... similar for each disk ...] So we can read sequentially at 140 MB/s in the outer tracks and 82 MB/s in the inner tracks on all the drives simultaneously. Sequential write performance is similar. This would lead me to expect a rebuild speed of 82 MB/s or more. # echo 800000 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min # echo 800000 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_max # cat /proc/mdstat md2 : active raid6 sdbd[10](S) sdbc[9] sdbf[0] sdbm[8] sdbl[7] sdbk[6] sdbe[11] sdbj[4] sdbi[3](F) sdbh[2] sdbg[1] 27349121408 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 128k chunk, algorithm 2 [9/8] [UUU_UUUUU] [=========>...........] recovery = 47.3% (1849905884/3907017344) finish=855.9min speed=40054K/sec But we only get 40 MB/s. And often this drops to 30 MB/s. # iostat -dkx 1 sdbc 0.00 8023.00 0.00 329.00 0.00 33408.00 203.09 0.70 2.12 1.06 34.80 sdbd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdbe 13.00 0.00 8334.00 0.00 33388.00 0.00 8.01 0.65 0.08 0.06 47.20 sdbf 0.00 0.00 8348.00 0.00 33388.00 0.00 8.00 0.58 0.07 0.06 48.00 sdbg 16.00 0.00 8331.00 0.00 33388.00 0.00 8.02 0.71 0.09 0.06 48.80 sdbh 961.00 0.00 8314.00 0.00 37100.00 0.00 8.92 0.93 0.11 0.07 54.80 sdbj 70.00 0.00 8276.00 0.00 33384.00 0.00 8.07 0.78 0.10 0.06 48.40 sdbk 124.00 0.00 8221.00 0.00 33380.00 0.00 8.12 0.88 0.11 0.06 47.20 sdbl 83.00 0.00 8262.00 0.00 33380.00 0.00 8.08 0.96 0.12 0.06 47.60 sdbm 0.00 0.00 8344.00 0.00 33376.00 0.00 8.00 0.56 0.07 0.06 47.60 iostat says the disks are not 100% busy (but only 40-50%). This fits with the hypothesis that the max is around 80 MB/s. Since this is software raid the limiting factor could be CPU. top says: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 38520 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 64 0.0 2947:50 md2_raid6 6117 root 20 0 0 0 0 D 53 0.0 473:25.96 md2_resync So md2_raid6 and md2_resync are clearly busy taking up 64% and 53% of a CPU respectively, but not near 100%. The chunk size (128k) of the RAID was chosen after measuring which chunksize gave the least CPU penalty. If this speed is normal: What is the limiting factor? Can I measure that? If this speed is not normal: How can I find the limiting factor? Can I change that?

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• obtaining nimbuzz server certificate for nmdecrypt expert in NetMon

  - by lurscher

  I'm using Network Monitor 3.4 with the nmdecrypt expert. I'm opening a nimbuzz conversation node in the conversation window and i click Expert- nmDecrpt - run Expert that shows up a window where i have to add the server certificate. I am not sure how to retrieve the server certificate for nimbuzz XMPP chat service. Any idea how to do this? this question is a follow up question of this one. Edit for some background so it might be that this is encrypted with the server pubkey and i cannot retrieve the message, unless i debug the native binary and try to intercept the encryption code. I have a test client (using agsXMPP) that is able to connect with nimbuzz with no problems. the only thing that is not working is adding invisible mode. It seems this is some packet sent from the official client during login which i want to obtain. any suggestions to try to grab this info would be greatly appreciated. Maybe i should get myself (and learn) IDA pro? This is what i get inspecting the TLS frames on Network Monitor: Frame: Number = 81, Captured Frame Length = 769, MediaType = ETHERNET + Ethernet: Etype = Internet IP (IPv4),DestinationAddress:[...],SourceAddress:[....] + Ipv4: Src = ..., Dest = 192.168.2.101, Next Protocol = TCP, Packet ID = 9939, Total IP Length = 755 - Tcp: Flags=...AP..., SrcPort=5222, DstPort=3578, PayloadLen=715, Seq=4101074854 - 4101075569, Ack=1127356300, Win=4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 SrcPort: 5222 DstPort: 3578 SequenceNumber: 4101074854 (0xF4716FA6) AcknowledgementNumber: 1127356300 (0x4332178C) + DataOffset: 80 (0x50) + Flags: ...AP... Window: 4050 (scale factor 0x0) = 4050 Checksum: 0x8841, Good UrgentPointer: 0 (0x0) TCPPayload: SourcePort = 5222, DestinationPort = 3578 TLSSSLData: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Payload Data - TLS: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: Server Hello.; TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: Certificate.; TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake: Server Hello Done. - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-1 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 42 (0x2A) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake ServerHello(0x02) HandShakeType: ServerHello(0x02) Length: 38 (0x26) - ServerHello: 0x1 + Version: TLS 1.0 + RandomBytes: SessionIDLength: 0 (0x0) TLSCipherSuite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA { 0x00, 0x35 } CompressionMethod: 0 (0x0) - TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-2 HandShake: ContentType: HandShake: - Version: TLS 1.0 Major: 3 (0x3) Minor: 1 (0x1) Length: 654 (0x28E) - SSLHandshake: SSL HandShake Certificate(0x0B) HandShakeType: Certificate(0x0B) Length: 650 (0x28A) - Cert: 0x1 CertLength: 647 (0x287) - Certificates: CertificateLength: 644 (0x284) - X509Cert: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: - TbsCertificate: Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL, Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceHeader: + Tag0: + Version: (2) + SerialNumber: -1018418383 + Signature: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Issuer: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - RdnSequence: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL + SequenceOfHeader: 0x1 + Name: NL + Name: Nimbuzz + Name: nimbuzz.com + Validity: From: 02/22/10 20:22:32 UTC To: 02/20/20 20:22:32 UTC + Subject: nimbuzz.com,Nimbuzz,NL - SubjectPublicKeyInfo: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) + SequenceHeader: + Algorithm: RsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) - SubjectPublicKey: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 141, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 141 bytes BitString: + Tag3: + Extensions: - SignatureAlgorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - SequenceHeader: - AsnId: Sequence and SequenceOf types (Universal 16) + LowTag: - AsnLen: Length = 13, LengthOfLength = 0 Length: 13 bytes, LengthOfLength = 0 + Algorithm: Sha1WithRSAEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.5) - Parameters: Null Value - Sha1WithRSAEncryption: Null Value + AsnNullHeader: - Signature: - AsnBitStringHeader: - AsnId: BitString type (Universal 3) - LowTag: Class: (00......) Universal (0) Type: (..0.....) Primitive TagValue: (...00011) 3 - AsnLen: Length = 129, LengthOfLength = 1 LengthType: LengthOfLength = 1 Length: 129 bytes BitString: + TlsRecordLayer: TLS Rec Layer-3 HandShake:

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• Amazon EC2 Instance - m1.medium Ubuntu 12.04 - Started to crash three days ago

  - by Joy

  The environment: Amazon EC2 Instance - m1.medium Ubuntu 12.04 Apache 2.2.22 - Running a Drupal Site Using MySQL DB Server RAM info: ~$ free -gt total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3 1 2 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 0 2 Swap: 0 0 0 Total: 3 1 2 Hard drive info: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 4.7G 2.9G 62% / udev 1.9G 8.0K 1.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 751M 180K 750M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /run/shm /dev/xvdb 394G 199M 374G 1% /mnt The problem About two days ago the site started failing becaue the MySQL server was shut down by Apache with the following message: kernel: [2963685.664359] [31716] 106 31716 226946 22748 0 0 0 mysqld kernel: [2963685.664730] Out of memory: Kill process 31716 (mysqld) score 23 or sacrifice child kernel: [2963685.664764] Killed process 31716 (mysqld) total-vm:907784kB, anon-rss:90992kB, file-rss:0kB kernel: [2963686.153608] init: mysql main process (31716) killed by KILL signal kernel: [2963686.169294] init: mysql main process ended, respawning That states that the VM was occupying 0.9GB, but my Ram has 2GB free, so 1GB was still left free. I understand that in Linux applications can allocate more memory than physically available. I don't know if this is the problme, it's the first time that it has started to happen. Obviously, the MySQL server tries to restart, but there's no memory for it apparently and it won't restart. Here is its error log: Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. The InnoDB memory heap is disabled Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M InnoDB: mmap(137363456 bytes) failed; errno 12 Completed initialization of buffer pool Fatal error: cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error. Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB [ERROR] Aborting [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete I simply restarted the Mysql service. About two hours later it happened again. I restarted it. Then it happened again 9 hours later. So then I thought of the MaxClients parameter of apache.conf, so I went to check it out. It was set at 150. I decided to drop it down to 60. As so: <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> ... MaxClients 60 </IfModule> <IfModule mpm_worker_module> ... MaxClients 60 </IfModule> <IfModule mpm_event_module> ... MaxClients 60 </IfModule> Once I did that, I had the apache2 service restart and it all went smoothly for 3/4 of a day. Since at night the MySQL service shut down once again, but this time it wasn't killed by the Apache2 service. Instead it called the OOM-Killer with the following message: kernel: [3104680.005312] mysqld invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x201da, order=0, oom_adj=0, oom_score_adj=0 kernel: [3104680.005351] [<ffffffff81119795>] oom_kill_process+0x85/0xb0 kernel: [3104680.548860] init: mysql main process (30821) killed by KILL signal Now I'm out of ideas. Some articles state that the ideal thing to do is change the kernel behaviour with the following (include it to the file /etc/sysctl.conf ) vm.overcommit_memory = 2 vm.overcommit_ratio = 80 So no overcommits will take place. I'm wondering if this is the way to go? Keep in mind I'm no server administrator, I have basic knowldege. Thanks a bunch in advance.

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• Where's my memory?! Nginx + PHP-FPM front end webserver slows to a crawl...

  - by incredimike

  I'm not sure if I have a problem with a memory leak (as my hosting company suggests), or if we both need to read http://linuxatemyram.com. Maybe you clever people can help us out? This is a front-end webserver VM running essentially only nginx & php-fpm on RHEL 5.5. This server is powering Magento, a PHP eCommerce thinggy. The server is running in a shared environment, but we're changing that soon. Anyway.. after a reboot the server runs just fine, but within a day it will grind itself into nothingness. Pages will take literally 2 minutes to load, CPU spikes like crazy, etc.. The console is even sluggish when I SSH in. It's like my whole server is being brought to its knees. I've also been monitoring the DB server via top and tcpdumping incoming traffic. The DB stays idle for a good portion of that "slow" load time. When i start seeing queries coming from the front-end server, the page loads soon afterward. Here are some stats after me logging in during a slow-down, after restarting php-fpm: [mike@front01 ~]$ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 5963 5217 745 0 192 314 -/+ buffers/cache: 4711 1252 Swap: 4047 4 4042 [mike@front01 ~]$ top top - 11:38:55 up 2 days, 1:01, 3 users, load average: 0.06, 0.17, 0.21 Tasks: 131 total, 1 running, 130 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu0 : 0.0%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.3%id, 0.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu1 : 0.3%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu2 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu3 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 6106800k total, 5361288k used, 745512k free, 199960k buffers Swap: 4144728k total, 4976k used, 4139752k free, 328480k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 31806 apache 15 0 601m 120m 37m S 0.0 2.0 0:22.23 php-fpm 31805 apache 15 0 549m 66m 31m S 0.0 1.1 0:14.54 php-fpm 31809 apache 16 0 547m 65m 32m S 0.0 1.1 0:12.84 php-fpm 32285 apache 15 0 546m 63m 33m S 0.0 1.1 0:09.22 php-fpm 32373 apache 15 0 546m 62m 32m S 0.0 1.1 0:09.66 php-fpm 31808 apache 16 0 543m 60m 35m S 0.0 1.0 0:18.93 php-fpm 31807 apache 16 0 533m 49m 30m S 0.0 0.8 0:08.93 php-fpm 32092 apache 15 0 535m 48m 27m S 0.0 0.8 0:06.67 php-fpm 4392 root 18 0 194m 10m 7184 S 0.0 0.2 0:06.96 cvd 4064 root 15 0 154m 8304 4220 S 0.0 0.1 3:55.57 snmpd 4394 root 15 0 119m 5660 2944 S 0.0 0.1 0:02.84 EvMgrC 31804 root 15 0 519m 5180 932 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.46 php-fpm 4138 ntp 15 0 23396 5032 3904 S 0.0 0.1 0:02.38 ntpd 643 nginx 15 0 95276 4408 1524 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.15 nginx 5131 root 16 0 90128 3340 2600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.41 sshd 28467 root 15 0 90128 3340 2600 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.35 sshd 32602 root 16 0 90128 3332 2600 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.36 sshd 1614 root 16 0 90128 3308 2588 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 sshd 2817 root 5 -10 7216 3140 1724 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.80 iscsid 4161 root 15 0 66948 2340 800 S 0.0 0.0 0:10.35 sendmail 1617 nicole 17 0 53876 2000 1516 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 sftp-server ... Is there anything else I should be looking at, or any more information that might be useful? I'm just a developer, but the slowdowns on this system worry me and make it hard to do my work.. Help me out, ServerFault!

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• Can't communicate between lan ports on openwrt router

  - by ScaryAardvark

  I've got a WBMR-HP-G300H Buffalo Airstation router on which I've installed the lates OpenWRT software. All is working well (ADSL, WIFI etc) except for one niggle. I can't communicate between lan ports. i.e. if I have one computer connected on lan port 1 and I try to ping another computer on lan port 2 then I get "destination unreachable". I can ping both computers from the router itself and can also ping each computer from a seperate laptop connected wirelessly. All computers are in the same subnet range (10.0.0.?/24). I suspect that I may need to configure a vlan on the switch but everytime I try and do this with various google'ed configuration I keep freezing out all lan-ports and I have to revert back using a wirelessly connected laptop. Here's my /etc/config/network: config interface 'loopback' option ifname 'lo' option proto 'static' option ipaddr '127.0.0.1' option netmask '255.0.0.0' config interface 'lan' option type 'bridge' option proto 'static' option netmask '255.255.255.0' option ipaddr '10.0.0.1' option _orig_ifname 'eth0 wlan0' option _orig_bridge 'true' option ifname 'eth0' config adsl-device 'adsl' option fwannex 'a' option annex 'a2p' config interface 'wan' option _orig_ifname 'nas0' option _orig_bridge 'false' option proto 'pppoa' option encaps 'vc' option atmdev '0' option vci '38' option vpi '0' option username '?????????????' option password '??????????????' Any help would be warmly received. Here's some more config stuff. root@OpenWrt:~# ifconfig -a br-lan Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:24:A5:BD:66:08 inet addr:10.0.0.1 Bcast:10.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:226576 errors:0 dropped:346 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:269292 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:26771676 (25.5 MiB) TX bytes:183986450 (175.4 MiB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:24:A5:BD:66:08 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) ifb0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 36:60:EC:DF:13:A1 BROADCAST NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:32 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) ifb1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 4A:7B:75:67:54:E0 BROADCAST NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:32 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:780 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:780 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:58369 (57.0 KiB) TX bytes:58369 (57.0 KiB) mon.wlan0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-24-A5-BD-66-08-00-48-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2424 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:32 RX bytes:320188 (312.6 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) pppoa-wan Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:81.136.179.204 P-t-P:81.134.80.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:258894 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:212976 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:177341656 (169.1 MiB) TX bytes:25192459 (24.0 MiB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:24:A5:BD:66:08 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:204063 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:245516 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:32 RX bytes:26613140 (25.3 MiB) TX bytes:162799765 (155.2 MiB) root@OpenWrt:~# brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br-lan 8000.0024a5bd6608 no wlan0 eth0 root@OpenWrt:~# swconfig dev eth0 show Global attributes: enable_vlan: 0 Port 0: pvid: 0 link: port:0 link:up speed:1000baseT full-duplex txflow rxflow Port 1: pvid: 0 link: port:1 link:down Port 2: pvid: 0 link: port:2 link:down Port 3: pvid: 0 link: port:3 link:down Port 4: pvid: 0 link: port:4 link:up speed:100baseT full-duplex txflow rxflow auto Port 5: pvid: 0 link: port:5 link:up speed:100baseT full-duplex txflow rxflow auto Regards Mark.

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• cannot send mail to postfix /w iptables linux proxy

  - by Juzzam

  I have two separate servers, both running Ubuntu 8.04. Server 1 has the real domain name of our site, let's refer to it as example.com. Server 2 is a mail server I have setup with postfix/courier. The hostname for this server is mail.example.com. I've setup iptables on Server 1 to forward all traffic on port 25 to Server 2. I used this script (except I changed the target ip address and the port from 80 to 25). When I send an email to [email protected] it works. However, when I try to send an email to [email protected] from gmail, I get this error: 550 550 #5.1.0 Address rejected [email protected] (state 14) /var/log/mail.log shows no new lines when this happens. What is strange is that it works with telnet from my local machine. For example: $ telnet example.com 25 220 VO13421.localdomain SMTP Postfix EHLO example.com 250-VO13421.localdomain 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN MAIL FROM: [email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO: [email protected] 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 Please start mail input. hello user... how have you been? . 250 Mail queued for delivery. quit 221 Closing connection. Good bye. /var/log/mail.log shows success (and the email goes to the maildr): Feb 24 09:47:36 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: connect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 65C68120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 6BDFA120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/cleanup[2216]: 6BDFA120321: message-id= Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: from=, size=395, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/virtual[2217]: 6BDFA120321: to=, relay=virtual, delay=0.28, delays=0.25/0.02/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: removed Feb 24 09:48:30 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: disconnect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] iptables -L -n -v --line on example.com yields the following. Anyone know an iptables command to see the port forwarding? Also, it seems to accept all traffic, that's probably bad right? ;] num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 14041 1023K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 338 20722 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 419K packets, 425M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 13711 2824K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 postconf -n results in: alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix delay_warning_time = 4h disable_vrfy_command = yes inet_interfaces = all local_recipient_maps = mailbox_size_limit = 0 masquerade_domains = mail.example.com mail1.example.com masquerade_exceptions = root maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mynetworks_style = host myorigin = example.com readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname SMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf virtual_gid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_gid.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf virtual_uid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_uid.cf

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• Apache URL rewriting in reverse proxy

  - by Jeremy Gooch

  I'm deploying Apache in front of a Karaf-hosted application (Apache and Karaf are on separate servers). I want Apache to operate as a reverse proxy and also to hide part of the URL. The URL to get the log-in page of the application directly from the app server is http://app-server:8181/jellyfish. Pages are served by the Jetty instance running within Karaf. Of course, this behaviour would usually be blocked by the firewall for everything except the reverse proxy server. With the firewall off, if you hit this URL then Jetty loads the log-in page. The browser's address bar correctly changes to http://app-server:8181/jellyfish/login?0 and everything works. What I want is for http://web-server (i.e. from the root) to map to Jetty on the app server with the name of the app (jellyfish) suppressed. e.g. The browser would change to show http://web-server/login?0 in the address bar and all subsequent URLs and content would be served with the web-server's domain and without the jellyfish clutter. I can get Apache to operate as a simple reverse proxy, using the following config (snippet):- ProxyPass /jellyfish http://app-server:8181/jellyfish ProxyPassReverse / http://app-server:8181/ ...but this requires the browser's URL to contain jellyfish and going to the root URL (http://web-server) gives a 404 Not Found. I've spent a lot of time trying to use mod_rewrite with and without its [P] flag to get around this, but without success. I then tried the ProxyPassMatch directive, but I can't seem to get that quite correct either. Here's the current config, as is loaded into /etc/apache2/sites-available/ on the web server. Note that there is a locally-hosted images directory. I've also kept the mod_rewrite proxy exploit protection and am suppressing a couple of mod_security rules that were giving false positives. <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin admin@drummer-server ServerName drummer-server ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /images/ "/var/www/images/" RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^$ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/ RewriteRule .* - [R=400,L] ProxyPass /images ! ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*) http://granny-server:8181/jellyfish/$1 ProxyPassReverse / http://granny-server:8181/jellyfish ProxyPreserveHost On SecRuleRemoveById 981059 981060 <Directory "/var/www/images"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> If I go to http://web-server, I get redirected to http://web-server/jellyfish/home but this gives a 404, with a complaint about trying to access /jellyfish/jellyfish/home - NB the browser's address bar does not contain the double /jellyfish. HTTP ERROR 404 Problem accessing /jellyfish/jellyfish/home. Reason: Not Found And, if I go to http://web-server/login, I get redirected to http://web-server/jellyfish/login?0 but this gives a 404, with a complaint about trying to access /jellyfish/jellyfish/login. HTTP ERROR 404 Problem accessing /jellyfish/jellyfish/login. Reason: Not Found So, I'm guessing I'm somehow passing through the rules twice. I am also slightly bemused as to where the home bit of the URL comes from in the first example. Can someone point me in the right direction, please? Thanks, J.

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