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• Hard drive skipped in boot

  - by Yasin

  Good evening. I just installed Ubuntu 12.04 using a USB, but right after the install, after restarting the machine, I get a message asking me to insert a bootable drive. My boot settings in Bios have the hard drive first, then DVD, then USB stick, and I have two systems installed, Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04. I suspected the hard drive got somehow disconnected internally, so I checked but everything was in place. I used the live USB to start Ubuntu, and I could see the hard drive and mount whatever partition I wanted. The one that contains the recently installed Ubuntu, looks the same. (It hasn't been deleted or anything). I'm not sure if this is a hardware problem or a loader(grub) problem, because the hard drive is visible. Only it isn't seen by the BIOS. My only means of internet connection is a USB modem, which doesn't work when I'm using the live USB, so I have can't download anything from the internet, in case someone asks. I also reinstalled Ubuntu 12.04, to no avail. This is my second problem with this laptop, and Ubuntu, and it's not even a week old. I hope this one gets solved. Thank you.

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• SATA drives or chipset throwing DRDY ERR and ICRC ABRT

  - by Matt

  I have an SD-VIA-1A2S PCI card with 2 sata ports (and one ATA-133 that isn't used). Two new Western Digital Caviar Green drives (WD10EARS 1TB) throw repeated errors in kern.log (removed date/time/host info for brevity): [ 7.376475] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x12 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x1000500 action 0x6 [ 7.376480] ata2.00: BMDMA stat 0x5 [ 7.376483] ata2: SError: { UnrecovData Proto TrStaTrns } [ 7.376489] ata2.00: cmd c8/00:40:20:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 32768 in [ 7.376490] res 51/84:2f:20:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/e0 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error) [ 7.376493] ata2.00: status: { DRDY ERR } [ 7.376495] ata2.00: error: { ICRC ABRT } [ 7.376504] ata2: hard resetting link I'm using Ubuntu 9.04 - 2.6.28-18-generic, though I have tried live cds of Ubuntu 9.10, Fedora 12 and OpenSUSE 11.2 - all running various 2.6.31 kernels - and all received the same error. Based on testing these drives and this card in two other machines and combos of connecting the drives directly to the motherboard or the add-in card, I'm relatively convinced that it's the VIA chipset that is the problem. Another computer that also has an onboard VIA SATA chipset (like the add-in card) produces the same errors when the drives are directly on that motherboard. I have been able to verify that the drives are perfectly good, and I tried everything I can think of in terms of swapping cables, psu isn't overloaded, etc. The error happens on boot once or twice, after using fdisk on the drive once or twice, and constantly when attempting to sync a new mdadm raid 1 array created on the two drives. Any thoughts on where to go from here - driver/kernel wise? I'm completely open to buying a new PCI add-in card if someone can recommend one with 2 internal sata ports that works well in Debian/Ubuntu. Thanks!

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• How to configure SCSI hard drives and RAID for Poweredge 2850 web server

  - by Saul

  I'm trying to set up a Poweredge 2850 as a web server, but as a server novice it's causing me some confusion. Its a virgin install so no data to be lost as yet, so I'd like to get the best arrangement for setting up Windows Server 2008. The box will run IIS, a mail and FTP server. The current physical arrangement of the hot swap drives is 1 73GB 3 146GB 5 blank 0 73GB 2 146GB 4 146GB (but flashes green, amber off) When I enter the PERC config screens on boot up I've got Raid Ch- 0 ID 0 ONLIN A00-00 1 ONLIN A00-01 2 ONLIN A01-00 3 ONLIN A01-01 4 HOTSP I think that drives 0 and 1 are set to RAID 1 and drives 2 and 3 are also set to RAID 1, certainly I can see 2 logical drives, both raid 1 of 69880MB and 139900MB Now what I think I am getting here is that the 2 73GB drives mirror each other and the 2 146GB drives mirror 2? so by my noob thinking if a drive fails I can pull it, insert and new one and it will reduplicate from its matching pair? I think the flashing amber probably indicates a failing drive in slot 4, should that just be binned? What confuses me coming from a home user XP background is that when I load up Windows Server 2008 OS under my computer I only see a C drive of about 70GB capacity. i.e wheres the 146GB drive? Any advice appreciated

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• Home server hard drive: 186k start-stop cycles in 325 days?

  - by j-g-faustus

  I set up a home server about a year ago, using Ubuntu server (10.04 LTS at the moment), four disks in RAID 5 for storage (WD Green 1.5 TB) and a laptop drive for the OS. Today the output of smartctl, a command line utility for checking the SMART attributes of a hard drive, tells me that the primary OS drive has had no less than 186,000 start-stop cycles in 325 days and may be nearing the end of its lifespan. The smartctl output is in "normalized values", in this case a number between 200 and 000, where 200 is "brand new" and 000 means "worn out". My disk gets 001. So I wonder what happened: 186k start/stop cycles in 7820 hours is about one start/stop per 2.5 minutes around the clock. This seems somewhat excessive for a computer that sees actual use once or twice per day. (The RAID disks are normal, averaging to one start/stop per day, as expected.) Does anyone have similar experiences, or pointers to what might be the issue here? Specifically I'd like to know Why the massive start/stop count? Do I have some sort of configuration issue? Could there be a background service that is causing trouble? Could having a laptop disk as the OS drive be part of the problem? Can anyone confirm or deny this? Here is the /etc/hdparm.conf configuration /dev/sda { apm = 127 spindown_time = 120 } and the most relevant parts of smartctl --attributes /dev/sda: smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 185875 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 090 090 000 Old_age Always - 7820 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 109 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 118 118 000 Old_age Always - 246833 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 107 098 000 Old_age Always - 36 As I generally prefer my drives to last more than a year, any advice is appreciated.

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• how to initialize two logical drives on a HP P400i controller without reboot

  - by John

  What I am trying to do is initialize two logical drives on a HP P400i embedded controller without a reboot of the system here my current Array config: array A (SAS, Unused Space: 0 MB) logicaldrive 1 (17.9 GB, RAID 5, OK) logicaldrive 2 (17.9 GB, RAID 5, OK) logicaldrive 3 (75.9 GB, RAID 5, OK) logicaldrive 4 (25.0 GB, RAID 5, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SAS, 72 GB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SAS, 72 GB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:3 (port 1I:box 1:bay 3, SAS, 72 GB, OK) array B (SAS, Unused Space: 0 MB) logicaldrive 5 (99 MB, RAID 0, OK) logicaldrive 6 (68.2 GB, RAID 0, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:4 (port 1I:box 1:bay 4, SAS, 72 GB, OK) windows 2003 machine running the HpCISs2.sys driver version 6.20.0.32 . I have the ACU and ACU CLI tools installed version 8.28.13.0, P400i firmware version 2.74 . Now what I'd like to do is removes the physical drive 1I:1:4 and delete the two logical drives in array B. then insert a new drive in to bay 4 that contains two new logical drives and have them show up in array B again. So far after I remove the drive and delete the failed logical drives, I insert the new drive and run HPacucli rescan. I get the new drive to show up as unassinged physical drive but I cant figure out now to "for lack of a better word" mount the 2 logical drives on the new unassinged disk. If I reboot the system the array controller picks up the new fourth drive and creates Array B with the drives without problem but I'd really like to not have to reboot the server. Any ideas?

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• Hard drive had reallocated sectors...but now it magically doesn't! Can I trust it?

  - by rob

  Last week my SMART diagnostics utility, CrystalDiskInfo, reported that the external hard drive that I was saving my backups to had suddenly reported 900+ reallocated sectors. I double-checked to confirm, then ordered a replacement drive. I spent all of this week copying data from that drive to the new drive. But toward the end of the copy, something peculiar happened. CrystalDiskInfo popped up an alert that the reallocated sector count had gone back down to 0. I know that when SMART detects a read error on a block, it adds that block to the current pending reallocation list. If it subsequently is successfully written or read later, it is removed from the list and assumed to be fine, but if a subsequent write fails, it is marked bad and added to the reallocated sector count. What concerns me most is that I've never read anywhere that a sector can be recovered as "good" after it has been marked as a bad sector and remapped. I've just finished running an extended SMART diagnostic, and it found no surface errors. Now I'm doubtful that the manufacturer will honor a warranty claim if the SMART info does not report any problems. Has anyone had this happen? If so, then is the drive, indeed, okay, or should I be concerned about an imminent failure?

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• What are "Excess Fragments" in defragmenting a hard drive?

  - by Andrew Swift

  I'm defragmenting my hard drive (XP SP3) with PerfectDisk 7.0, and it finds 816,659 excess fragments when I ask for an analysis. [update] Specifically, it shows that the 1TB disk is 14% fragmented with 19693 fragments and 816,659 excess fragments. About 20% of the disk is still free space. What does excess fragments refer to? What is the difference between fragments and excess fragments? I have had problems in the past where I defragmented a fragmented disk and many files were corrupted. It seemed as though "excess fragments" referred to orphan pieces, where the program couldn't find out where to put them. If that was true, then defragmenting a disk resulted in many incomplete files, and in fact I defragmented a disk full of MP3's and got a lot of corrupted files as a result. Instead, I started to simply format a separate disk and copy everything from one to the other. That way there were no orphan bits, and no file corruption. Does anybody know what "excess fragments" really are?

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• What to look for in a reliable backup hard disk?

  - by Senthil

  I want to buy an internal hard disk and use a docking station along with it for backing up important data. The size will be around 500GB to 1TB. I have a budget and several models fit into it. So far, they only seem to vary in size, speed and brand. These are the only things I can compare from the specs. I guess asking for which brand is best is completely subjective so I won't do that. I want my disk to have long life and be reliable. Doesn't matter if it is somewhat slow. Size: Should I go for the one with highest size within my budget? Will higher density cause problems? Or should I go for a moderately sized one? Does the number of platters have an impact? Speed: I do not want high performance. I want it to be reliable and last long. I am definitely not going to choose the expensive 10,000 rpm ones. Should I go for 5400 or 7200? Do these numbers affect longevity and reliability? Are there any other technical and objective factors that I should look for?

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• Can I clone my hard drive to an external and boot from the clone?

  - by willbuntu

  First thing: I am not asking what software I'm supposed to use. I already know the answer: Ghost (proprietary), Clonezilla, and dd (if I'm careful). What I really want to know is if it is possible to (essentially) bit-for-bit clone my entire installation (OS, installed software, activation(s), etc.) to an external USB hard-drive, and then boot off of that (if I need to, I know how to edit BIOS settings and use Plop boot manager), and work with it day-to-day as if there was virtually no difference from using my internal HDD now. Again, I'm not asking how to install Windows to an external (because I know I'd need to do some special workaround), I'm asking if I can clone everything and boot off of it. In case you're wondering why I'm going to this trouble: I'm using a Lenovo Essentials laptop that has an unmodifiable partition table (due to recovery crap), and has all 4 of its partitions spoken for (3 primary, one extended, cannot change the extended). Anyway, my thought is that if I can clone everything and boot off of it when I need to, and just have a Linux distro on the internal HDD, then that could work.

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• HFS+ hard drive being mounted as read only

  - by DNA

  This is a recurring problem and occurs a few times a week. I have an external hard drive which is hfs+. Every couple of weeks, for no obviuous reason, when I mount it by pluggin it in to my Ubuntu 11.10, it is read only and I can't copy any files into it. I gksudo nautlius and change the ownership and it magically works in some time. But returns to the read only state soon in a few hours-days without any rhyme or reason. Right now my fstab doesn't have any entry for my hard drive. What gives? What in the world is going on with Linux/HFS+? This is frustrating. I can't reformat my hard drive because I have almost a terrabyte of data in it and no receptacle to hold it while I reformat it.

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• remove failed ubuntu installation

  - by kapitanluffy

  i tried installing ubuntu alongside windows 7 Installing Ubuntu alongside Windows and i failed so i decided to go with wubi again. after installing it, i noticed a separate hard disk. i investigated and found out that this hard disk is actually for the failed installation. i don't know where to find it inside the windows system. can anyone please teach me how to remove the 'failed' hard disk. here's a screenshot the left side is the current filesystem. the right side on the other hand is the 'failed' harddisk. i verified that it is the failed one because the wubi installation will provide a 'host' folder for the current partition it is currently installed. i tried looking for the 'failed' one using the windows' commandline but i don't know where to look for the 'failed' disk. (i used the cmd coz i don't want root.disk to mysteriously disappear again.) see http://ubuntu-with-wubi.blogspot.com/2011/01/mystery-of-disappearing-rootdisk.html

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• Using GParted to rescue data and format hard drive to NTFS

  - by Ishan

  I'm having problems booting to Windows XP due to bad sectors on the hard drive. I've tried fixboot and fixmbr from the recovery console. That only made matters worse. Now I want to use GParted to attempt data rescue and format the hard drive to NTFS. Unfortunately, I get an error (Picture 2) when trying to recover my files, and the option to format the hard drive is grayed out. The only thing I can do is create a new partition. When I click "view" I get the "Unable to open the default file manager" error

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• Windows 7 can't boot with Ubuntu on different hard drive

  - by dellphi

  I use a dual boot with two hard disks and two OS is Ubuntu 10.04 and Windows 7. Windows 7 installed on the first disk, first partition. Grub is installed on a second hard disk MBR, and Ubuntu installed on an extended partition on a second hard drive. When I select Windows 7 on the Grub menu, the HDD lamp lights up briefly and then black screen on the monitor, with the status of the keyboard is still functioning. Until now (with the default boot from first HDD), I have to press F12 to get into the Grub to run Linux on a second HDD. output of fdisk -l grub.cfg. I want to retain Grub to remain on the second HDD, and Windows 7 could choose from the menu provided by Grub. But I do not get how, I hope anyone can help.

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• Broadcom HT1100 SATA controller not working properly with 1TB drives

  - by Jeff C

  I've been using RHEL distro's for several years and always managed to find the answers until now. I know this is more of a hardware issue, but I've been working on this for over a week and trust Linux and the IT community to help more then HP. I have CentOS 6.3 installed on an HP ProLiant DL145 G3 server with the BroadCom HT1100 IO controller and ServerWorks SATA Controller MMIO BIOS v3.0.0015.6 Firmware. This controller does not support large drives fully. Here's what I've tried and the results; Stock setup - Freezes on the ServerWorks POST screen. Can't even enter CMOS without disconnecting the drives. If I simply disconnect the SATA cables before it gets to the ServerWorks screen and reconnect afterwards I can boot from a CD, USB, PXE fine. However fiddling with cables at ever boot isn't practical. If I enter the BIOS config I can set it to not try booting the drives but leave the controller enabled. This lets me boot normally but the drives are not visible in the OS (live CDs or USB installed). I used method #2 to install and update CentOS. I have the /boot partition on a USB drive (everything else is on the SATA drives in software RAID1) hoping that would work around the issue but I get this Kernel panic - not syncing:Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init Not tainted 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_6 #1 Call Trace: [<ffffffff814fd6ba>] ? panic+0xa0/0x168 [<ffffffff81070c22>] ? do_exit+0x862/0x870 [<ffffffff8117cdb5>] ? fput+0x25/0x30 [<ffffffff81070c88>] ? do_group_exit+0x58/0xd0 [<ffffffff81070d17>] ? sys_exit_group+0x17/0x20 [<ffffffff8100b0f2>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b panic occured, switching back to text console I'm sure it should be possible to talk to the drives without the BIOS boot check since the BIOS doesn't see them in method #2 either, their disconnected when it checks, but Linux sees them fine. If anyone could help figure out how I would greatly appreciate it! The other possible option I've come across is a complex firmware update. Tyan has a few boards on their website with the HT1100 and a ServerWorks v3.0.0015.7 update which says "adds support for TB drives" in the release notes. If someone could help me get the Tyan SATA firmware into the HP ROM file so I could just reflash that would also be very much appreciated. Thanks for any help you guys can offer!

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• Can't mount external hard drive

  - by tezza

  i have a problem accessing the data on my external hard drive. I recently did a fresh install but mistakenly left my external hard drive plugged in. When I tried to access the data on the external HDD, it says "no files" but recognizes that there is 290 GiB of data on it. The HDD is 350GB big. I checked the drive with Disk Utility and it showed that the hard drive had a bootable flag. So, in the edit partition, I unchecked this bootablity. Now it won't mount in Ubuntu and now my XP can't recognize it at all, whereas I could access the data on the XP machine before. In disk utility, it doesn't give me the option to check the bootable box in again and I can't access the data on XP either. Any ideas on how to fix it?

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• new hard drive on Dell Adaptec 2610SA 6 port SATA RAID PCI card

  - by Ragnarok85

  I have a Dell Adaptec 2610SA 6 port SATA RAID PCI card with 3 hard drives on it and everything works fine. I plugged another hard drive to it and the system (Ubuntu 12.04, 64 bit) seems not to recognize it. Strange thing is that, as happened in the past, if I re-install the system, it recognizes the new hardware plugged to RAID card. Of course I don't want to re-install ubuntu each time I plug a new hard drive on my RAID card. Any idea? Thank you in advance

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• Windows 7 can't boot with Ubuntu on different hard drive

  - by dellphi

  I use a dual boot with two hard disks and two OS is Ubuntu 10.04 and Windows 7. Windows 7 installed on the first disk, first partition. Grub is installed on a second hard disk MBR, and Ubuntu installed on an extended partition on a second hard drive. When I select Windows 7 on the Grub menu, the HDD lamp lights up briefly and then black screen on the monitor, with the status of the keyboard is still functioning. Until now (with the default boot from first HDD), I have to press F12 to get into the Grub to run Linux on a second HDD. output of fdisk -l grub.cfg. I want to retain Grub to remain on the second HDD, and Windows 7 could choose from the menu provided by Grub. But I do not get how, I hope anyone can help.

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• Hard disk error

  - by Nadim A. Hachem

  I got this error during installation. "The installer encountered an error copying files to the hard disk: [Errno 5] Input/output error This is often due to a faulty CD/DVD disk or drive, or a faulty hard disk. It may help to clean the CD/DVD, to burn the CD/DVD at a lower speed, to clean the CD/DVD drive lens (cleaning kits are often available from electronics suppliers), to check whether the hard disk is old and in need of replacement, or to move the system to a cooler environment." how can i fix this and what does it mean specifically? i'm installing via usb so it can't be the CD. the laptop is recent so it cant be an old HD.

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• How to partition a fully used hard drive

  - by MineCraftMan39

  I installed Ubuntu on my laptop which when I got it I had Fedora 13 installed on it as the OS. Now I want to install Fedora 18 in a dual boot with Ubuntu. Problem is when I installed Ubuntu, I didn't partition for dual boot and I gave the entire hard drive to Ubuntu and no longer have the space to dual boot. How can I lower the partition on Ubuntu to make space on the hard drive for Fedora? I want to split the hard drive 50/50 between the two. Thanks in advance.

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• can't chmod on external hard disk?

  - by G. He

  I have an USB3.0 external hard disk, partitioned to 3 NTFS partitions. When I plug the hard disk in, the 3 partitions automatically mounted under /media. So far so good. I can read and write to files, or mkdir, etc on these partitions. But I can't do chmod/chown on any of the files/directories on these partitions. The owner:group always myself, and the mode are always 700 for directories and 600 for files. I have another partition on internal harddisk also mounted. That partition works fine. I looked the output of mount command, the only difference between mount options is that there is one extra 'default_permissions' on the external hard disks. Anyway I can set the owner:group and mode on these files and directories.

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• usb ntfs pen drive and hard drive not working after connection to ubuntu

  - by lemon619

  as said in the title first of all i connected a usb key (ntfs formatted) with data in it, on ubuntu 12.04, after i disconnected it i was no more able to access the usb key neither from windows nor from ubuntu 12.04. The system asks me to format my usb key Just now i connected a hard drive ntfs formatted with data in it to ubuntu 12.04. I ejected correctly the hard drive and connected it to windows, and the system asks me to format my hard drive? same as the usb key Can someone help me please ? Would really appreciate!

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• Is it worth putting high-performance drives in a home NAS?

  - by Jon M

  I'm looking at a QNAP NAS setup, and in the options for disks they have the very enterprisey Western Digital RE3. I'll be using the box for backing up my laptop, and streaming media either to the laptop or a media device using the built-in media server, possibly both at once. My question is, would I notice any benefit at all in splashing out for the high-performance drive, or should I stick with something quiet and cool (and cheap) like the Caviar Green?

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• Location of boot.ini in case of multiple hard disks

  - by MA1

  Hi All If i have two hard disks with each hard disk having a single Windows XP installed on it. Each hard disk have multiple partitions. My question is will there be a single boot.ini for all the hard disks and where will it be(first or second hard disk)? Regards,

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• What do the numbers on Western Digital drives mean?

  - by Evan Carroll

  There are numerous numbers on a Western Digital drive, MDL (presumably model, ex WD5000BEKT-00KA9T0) -- not sure what the 99KA9T0 is. WWN (ex 50014EE25AC8C945) DCM (ex HBNTJBBB) LBA (ex 976773168) R/N (ex 77174) Then there are three numbers on the back of the PCB on a sticker White Sticker Left: 2061-771714-002 AC White Sticker Right: XT BD34 T7KQ 8 0002270 White Sticker far-Right: 272 Then there is one number printed on the PCB, REV P1 2060-771714-002 Then there is one number (or three) on the spindle, 71206-T8Y-03 9X0X22MF 32H Does anyone know what these numbers mean?

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• Difference in heat output between IDE and SATA hard drives?

  - by Wesley

  Just a general question: is one supposed to produce more heat than the other? I took my HP DC7100 SFF desktop, swapped the 80 GB SATA for a 250 GB IDE HDD and the IDE drive temperature sensor seems to be less than the previous SATA.

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