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  • Ubuntu hangs at the '_' prompt for 15' when booting. Do I need another driver for my Intel G31/G33 integrated graphics?

    - by Doctoa
    I have an ASROCK which uses Intel G31 graphics. Ubuntu says my graphics chipset is G33. Should I look for another driver or are they from the same family? I am also having problems booting and that purple screen stuck so for this I asked this question. I have partially fixed the purple screen stuck by enabling (uncommenting) this line in grub: GRUB_TERMINAL=console But Ubuntu still hangs at start up for about 15 minutes with a black screen and only the '_' prompt. Here is a link for an overview of my ASROCK G31M-S

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  • Core Data migration failing with error: Failed to save new store after first pass of migration

    - by unforgiven
    In the past I had already implemented successfully automatic migration from version 1 of my data model to version 2. Now, using SDK 3.1.3, migrating from version 2 to version 3 fails with the following error: Unresolved error Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=134110 UserInfo=0x5363360 "Operation could not be completed. (Cocoa error 134110.)", { NSUnderlyingError = Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=256 UserInfo=0x53622b0 "Operation could not be completed. (Cocoa error 256.)"; reason = "Failed to save new store after first pass of migration."; } I have tried automatic migration using NSMigratePersistentStoresAutomaticallyOption and NSInferMappingModelAutomaticallyOption and also migration using only NSMigratePersistentStoresAutomaticallyOption, providing a mapping model from v2 to v3. I see the above error logged, and no object is available in the application. However, if I quit the application and reopen it, everything is in place and working. The Core Data methods I am using are the following ones - (NSManagedObjectModel *)managedObjectModel { if (managedObjectModel != nil) { return managedObjectModel; } NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"MYAPP" ofType:@"momd"]; NSURL *momURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path]; managedObjectModel = [[NSManagedObjectModel alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:momURL]; return managedObjectModel; } - (NSManagedObjectContext *) managedObjectContext { if (managedObjectContext != nil) { return managedObjectContext; } NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *coordinator = [self persistentStoreCoordinator]; if (coordinator != nil) { managedObjectContext = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] init]; [managedObjectContext setPersistentStoreCoordinator: coordinator]; } return managedObjectContext; } - (NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *)persistentStoreCoordinator { if (persistentStoreCoordinator != nil) { return persistentStoreCoordinator; } NSURL *storeUrl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath: [[self applicationDocumentsDirectory] stringByAppendingPathComponent: @"MYAPP.sqlite"]]; NSDictionary *options = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES], NSMigratePersistentStoresAutomaticallyOption, [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES], NSInferMappingModelAutomaticallyOption, nil]; NSError *error = nil; persistentStoreCoordinator = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel: [self managedObjectModel]]; if (![persistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeUrl options:options error:&error]) { // Handle error NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]); } return persistentStoreCoordinator; } In the simulator, I see that this generates a MYAPP~.sqlite files and a MYAPP.sqlite file. I tried to remove the MYAPP~.sqlite file, but BOOL oldExists = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath: [[self applicationDocumentsDirectory] stringByAppendingPathComponent: @"MYAPP~.sqlite"]]; always returns NO. Any clue? Am I doing something wrong? Thank you in advance.

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  • Migration Core Data error code 134130

    - by magichero
    I want to do migration with 2 core database. I have read apple developer document. For the first database, I add some attributes (string, integer and date properties) to new version database. And follow all steps, I have done migration successfully with the first once. But the second database, I also add attributes (string, integer, date, transformable and binary-data properties) to new version database. And follow all steps (like the first database) but system return an error (134130). Here is the code: if (persistentStoreCoordinator_) { PMReleaseSafely(persistentStoreCoordinator_); } // Notify NSNotificationCenter *nc = [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]; [nc postNotificationName:GCalWillMigrationNotification object:self]; // NSString *sourceStoreType = NSSQLiteStoreType; NSString *dataStorePath = [PMUtility dataStorePathForName:GCalDBWarehousePersistentStoreName]; NSURL *storeURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:dataStorePath]; BOOL storeExists = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:dataStorePath]; // NSError *error = nil; NSDictionary *options = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES], NSMigratePersistentStoresAutomaticallyOption, [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES], NSInferMappingModelAutomaticallyOption, nil]; persistentStoreCoordinator_ = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:self.managedObjectModel]; [persistentStoreCoordinator_ addPersistentStoreWithType:sourceStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeURL options:options error:&error]; if (error != nil) { abort(); } error is not nil and below is log: Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=134130 "The operation couldn\u2019t be completed. (Cocoa error 134130.)" UserInfo=0x856f790 {URL=file://localhost/Users/greensun/Library/Application%20Support/iPhone%20Simulator/5.0/Applications/D10712DE-D9FE-411A-8182-C4F58C60EC6D/Library/Application%20Support/Promise%20Mail/GCalDBWarehouse.sqlite, metadata={type = immutable dict, count = 7, entries = 2 : {contents = "NSStoreModelVersionIdentifiers"} = {type = immutable, count = 1, values = ( 0 : {contents = ""} )} 4 : {contents = "NSPersistenceFrameworkVersion"} = {value = +386, type = kCFNumberSInt64Type} 6 : {contents = "NSStoreModelVersionHashes"} = {type = immutable dict, count = 2, entries = 0 : {contents = "SyncEvent"} = {length = 32, capacity = 32, bytes = 0xfdae355f55c13fbd0344415fea26c8bb ... 4c1721aadd4122aa} 1 : {contents = "ImportEvent"} = {length = 32, capacity = 32, bytes = 0x7676888f0d7eaff4d1f844343028ce02 ... 040af6cbe8c5fd01} } 7 : {contents = "NSStoreUUID"} = {contents = "51678BAC-CCFB-4D00-AF5C-8FA1BEDA6440"} 8 : {contents = "NSStoreType"} = {contents = "SQLite"} 9 : {contents = "_NSAutoVacuumLevel"} = {contents = "2"} 10 : {contents = "NSStoreModelVersionHashesVersion"} = {value = +3, type = kCFNumberSInt32Type} }, reason=Can't find model for source store} I try a lot of solutions but it does not work. I just add more attributes to 2 new version database, and succeed in migrating once. Thanks for reading and your help.

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  • Multiple views and source list in a Core Data app

    - by Ellie P.
    I'm working on my first major Cocoa app for an undergraduate research project. The application is document-based and uses Core Data. One of the entities is an abstract entity, Page. Page is parent of several types of pages: ie PageWithHeaderAndFooter, PageWithTwoColumns, BasicPage etc. Page has attributes, such as title and author, that all pages have in common. Each specific type of page has a certain number of layout blocks (PageWithHeaderAndFooter has three: header, footer, body. BasicPage has one: body. etc.) Additionally, all Page subclasses define layout-specific implementations of certain methods. The other relevant entity is Style, which defines the visual look of a Page. (Think of Pages as HTML and Style as CSS.) I would like my app to have an iTunes/Mail-like source list with sections. (One section would be Pages, the other would be Styles.) I have a pretty good idea how to do the sectioned source list (this was a great help). However, after hours of headbanging and fruitless googling, here's what I can't figure out: Pages and Styles listed in the source list, and when you select one of them, all of the relevant fields for that object appear at the right (mostly NSTextViews, pop up menus, etc). I laid that out and did all of the bindings in Interface Builder. The problem is, if my source list contains different types of pages, how do I get a different view to display at the right depending on the type of page selected? For example, if a BasicPage is selected, I want just what you see above: the general page stuff and one NSTextView that corresponds to the one field body of BasicPage. But if I select a PageWithHeaderAndFooter, I want to display the general page stuff plus three NSTextViews (one for header, body, and footer.) If I have a Style selected, I want to display various pop up menus, color wells, etc. For the pages at least, we're only talking about one or more NSTextViews, each of which corresponds to a String attribute of the respective entity. How would you do this? Thank you for your help!

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  • Strange error inserting new relationship data in core-data

    - by michael
    My app will allow users to create a personalised list of events from a large list of events. I have a table view which simply displays these events, tapping on one of them takes the user to the event details view, which has a button "add to my events". In this detailed view I own the original event object, retrieved via an NSFetchedResultsController and passed to the detailed view (via a table cell, the same as the core data recipes sample). I have no trouble retrieving/displaying information from this "event". I am then trying to add it to the list of MyEvents represented by a one to many (inverse) relationship: This code: NSManagedObjectContext *context = [event managedObjectContext]; MyEvents *myEvents = (MyEvents *)[NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"MyEvents" inManagedObjectContext:context]; [myEvents addEventObject:event];//ERROR And this code (suggested below): //would this add to or overwrite the "list" i am attempting to maintain NSManagedObjectContext *context = [event managedObjectContext]; MyEvents *myEvents = (MyEvents *)[NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"MyEvents" inManagedObjectContext:context]; NSMutableSet *myEvent = [myEvents mutableSetValueForKey:@"event"]; [myEvent addObject:event]; //ERROR Bot produce (at the line indicated by //ERROR): *** -[NSComparisonPredicate evaluateWithObject:]: message sent to deallocated instance Seems I may have missed something fundamental. I cant glean any more information through the use of debugging tools, with my knowledge of them. 1) Is this a valid way to compile and store an editable list like this? 2) Is there a better way? 3) What could possibly be the deallocated instance in error? -- I have now modified the Event entity to have a to-many relationship called "myEvents" which referrers to itself. I can add Events to this fine, and logging the object shows the correct memory addresses appearing for the relationship after a [event addMyEventObject:event];. The same failure happens right after this however. I am still at a loss to understand what is going wrong. This is the backtrace #0 0x01f753a7 in ___forwarding___ () #1 0x01f516c2 in __forwarding_prep_0___ () #2 0x01c5aa8f in -[NSFetchedResultsController(PrivateMethods) _preprocessUpdatedObjects:insertsInfo:deletesInfo:updatesInfo:sectionsWithDeletes:newSectionNames:treatAsRefreshes:] () #3 0x01c5d63b in -[NSFetchedResultsController(PrivateMethods) _managedObjectContextDidChange:] () #4 0x0002e63a in _nsnote_callback () #5 0x01f40005 in _CFXNotificationPostNotification () #6 0x0002bef0 in -[NSNotificationCenter postNotificationName:object:userInfo:] () #7 0x01bbe17d in -[NSManagedObjectContext(_NSInternalNotificationHandling) _postObjectsDidChangeNotificationWithUserInfo:] () #8 0x01c1d763 in -[NSManagedObjectContext(_NSInternalChangeProcessing) _createAndPostChangeNotification:withDeletions:withUpdates:withRefreshes:] () #9 0x01ba25ea in -[NSManagedObjectContext(_NSInternalChangeProcessing) _processRecentChanges:] () #10 0x01bdfb3a in -[NSManagedObjectContext processPendingChanges] () #11 0x01bd0957 in _performRunLoopAction () #12 0x01f4d252 in __CFRunLoopDoObservers () #13 0x01f4c65f in CFRunLoopRunSpecific () #14 0x01f4bc48 in CFRunLoopRunInMode () #15 0x0273878d in GSEventRunModal () #16 0x02738852 in GSEventRun () #17 0x002ba003 in UIApplicationMain () Cheers.

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  • Core Animation performance on iphone

    - by nico
    I'm trying to do some animations using Core Animation on the iphone. I'm using CABasicAnimation on CALayer. It's a straight forward animation from a random place at the top of the screen to the bottom of the screen at random speed, I have 30 elements that doing the same animation continuously until another action happens. But the performance on the iPhone 3G is very sluggish when the animations start. The image is only 8k. Is this the right approach? How should I change so it performs better. // image cached somewhere else. CGImageRef imageRef = [[UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:name ofType:@"png"]] CGImage]; - (void)animate:(NSTimer *)timer { int startX = round(radom() % 320); float speed = 1 / round(random() % 100 + 2); CALayer *layer = [CALayer layer]; layer.name = @"layer"; layer.contents = imageRef; // cached image layer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, CGImageGetWidth(imageRef), CGImageGetHeight(imageRef)); int width = layer.frame.size.width; int height = layer.frame.size.height; layer.frame = CGRectMake(startX, self.view.frame.origin.y, width, height); [effectLayer addSublayer:layer]; CGPoint start = CGPointMake(startX, 0); CGPoint end = CGPointMake(startX, self.view.frame.size.height); float repeatCount = 1e100; CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"]; animation.delegate = self; animation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:start]; animation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:end]; animation.duration = speed; animation.repeatCount = repeatCount; animation.autoreverses = NO; animation.removedOnCompletion = YES; animation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards; [layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"position"]; } The animations are fired off using a NSTimer. animationTimer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:0.2 target:self selector:@selector(animate:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:animationTimer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];

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  • Crash in OS X Core Data Utility Tutorial

    - by vinogradov
    I'm trying to follow Apple's Core Data utility Tutorial. It was all going nicely, until... The tutorial uses a custom sub-class of NSManagedObject, called 'Run'. Run.h looks like this: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <CoreData/CoreData.h> @interface Run : NSManagedObject { NSInteger processID; } @property (retain) NSDate *date; @property (retain) NSDate *primitiveDate; @property NSInteger processID; @end Now, in Run.m we have an accessor method for the processID variable: - (void)setProcessID:(int)newProcessID { [self willChangeValueForKey:@"processID"]; processID = newProcessID; [self didChangeValueForKey:@"processID"]; } In main.m, we use functions to set up a managed object model and context, instantiate an entity called run, and add it to the context. We then get the current NSprocessInfo, in preparation for setting the processID of the run object. NSManagedObjectContext *moc = managedObjectContext(); NSEntityDescription *runEntity = [[mom entitiesByName] objectForKey:@"Run"]; Run *run = [[Run alloc] initWithEntity:runEntity insertIntoManagedObjectContext:moc]; NSProcessInfo *processInfo = [NSProcessInfo processInfo]; Next, we try to call the accessor method defined in Run.m to set the value of processID: [run setProcessID:[processInfo processIdentifier]]; And that's where it's crashing. The object run seems to exist (I can see it in the debugger), so I don't think I'm messaging nil; on the other hand, it doesn't look like the setProcessID: message is actually being received. I'm obviously still learning this stuff (that's what tutorials are for, right?), and I'm probably doing something really stupid. However, any help or suggestions would be gratefully received! ===MORE INFORMATION=== Following up on Jeremy's suggestions: The processID attribute in the model is set up like this: NSAttributeDescription *idAttribute = [[NSAttributeDescription alloc]init]; [idAttribute setName:@"processID"]; [idAttribute setAttributeType:NSInteger32AttributeType]; [idAttribute setOptional:NO]; [idAttribute setDefaultValue:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:-1]]; which seems a little odd; we are defining it as a scalar type, and then giving it an NSNumber object as its default value. In the associated class, Run, processID is defined as an NSInteger. Still, this should be OK - it's all copied directly from the tutorial. It seems to me that the problem is probably in there somewhere. By the way, the getter method for processID is defined like this: - (int)processID { [self willAccessValueForKey:@"processID"]; NSInteger pid = processID; [self didAccessValueForKey:@"processID"]; return pid; } and this method works fine; it accesses and unpacks the default int value of processID (-1). Thanks for the help so far!

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  • Updating UISearchDisplayController with Core Data results using GCD

    - by Brian Halpin
    I'm having trouble displaying the results from Core Data in my UISearchDisplayController when I implement GCD. Without it, it works, but obviously blocks the UI. In my SearchTableViewController I have the following two methods: - (BOOL)searchDisplayController:(UISearchDisplayController *)controller shouldReloadTableForSearchString:(NSString *)searchString { // Tell the table data source to reload when text changes [self filterContentForSearchText:searchString]; // Return YES to cause the search result table view to be reloaded. return YES; } // Update the filtered array based on the search text -(void)filterContentForSearchText:(NSString*)searchText { // Remove all objects from the filtered search array [self.filteredLocationsArray removeAllObjects]; NSPredicate *predicate = [CoreDataMaster predicateForLocationUsingSearchText:@"Limerick"]; CoreDataMaster *coreDataMaster = [[CoreDataMaster alloc] init]; // Filter the array using NSPredicate self.filteredLocationsArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray: [coreDataMaster fetchResultsFromCoreDataEntity:@"City" UsingPredicate:predicate]]; } You can probably guess that my problem is with returning the array from [coreDataMaster fetchResultsFromCoreDataEntity]. Below is the method: - (NSArray *)fetchResultsFromCoreDataEntity:(NSString *)entity UsingPredicate:(NSPredicate *)predicate { NSMutableArray *fetchedResults = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; dispatch_queue_t coreDataQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.coredata.queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL); dispatch_async(coreDataQueue, ^{ NSFetchRequest *fetchRequest = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init]; NSEntityDescription *entityDescription = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:entity inManagedObjectContext:self.managedObjectContext]; NSSortDescriptor *nameSort = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"name" ascending:YES]; NSArray *sortDescriptors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:nameSort, nil]; [fetchRequest setEntity:entityDescription]; [fetchRequest setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptors]; // Check if predicate is set if (predicate) { [fetchRequest setPredicate:predicate]; } NSError *error = nil; NSArray *fetchedManagedObjects = [self.managedObjectContext executeFetchRequest:fetchRequest error:&error]; for (City *city in fetchedManagedObjects) { [fetchedResults addObject:city]; } NSDictionary *userInfo = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSArray arrayWithArray:fetchedResults] forKey:@"results"]; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"fetchResultsComplete" object:nil userInfo:userInfo]; }); return [NSArray arrayWithArray:fetchedResults]; } So the thread hasn't finished executing by the time it returns the results to self.filteredLocationsArray. I've tried added a NSNotification which passes the NSDictionary to this method: - (void)updateSearchResults:(NSNotification *)notification { NSDictionary *userInfo = notification.userInfo; NSArray *array = [userInfo objectForKey:@"results"]; self.filteredLocationsArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array]; [self.tableView reloadData]; } I've also tried refreshing the searchViewController like [self.searchDisplayController.searchResultsTableView reloadData]; but to no avail. I'd really appreciate it if someone could point me in the right direction and show me where I might be going wrong. Thanks

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  • Getting level values from PCM raw data using Core Audio

    - by John
    I am trying to extract level data from a PCM audio file using core audio. I have gotten as far as (I believe) getting the raw data into a byte array (UInt8) but it is 16 bit PCM data and I am having trouble reading the data out. The input is from the iPhone microphone, which I have set as: [recordSetting setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:kAudioFormatLinearPCM] forKey:AVFormatIDKey]; [recordSetting setValue:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:44100.0] forKey:AVSampleRateKey]; [recordSetting setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] forKey:AVNumberOfChannelsKey]; [recordSetting setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:16] forKey:AVLinearPCMBitDepthKey]; [recordSetting setValue:[NSNumber numberWithBool:NO] forKey:AVLinearPCMIsBigEndianKey]; [recordSetting setValue:[NSNumber numberWithBool:NO] forKey:AVLinearPCMIsFloatKey]; which is obviously 16 bits. I am then trying to just print out a few values to see if they look reasonable for debug purposes below, and they do not look reasonable (many 0's). ExtAudioFileRef inputFile = NULL; ExtAudioFileOpenURL(track.location, &inputFile); AudioStreamBasicDescription inputFileFormat; UInt32 dataSize = (UInt32)sizeof(inputFileFormat); ExtAudioFileGetProperty(inputFile, kExtAudioFileProperty_FileDataFormat, &dataSize, &inputFileFormat); UInt8 *buffer = malloc(BUFFER_SIZE); AudioBufferList bufferList; bufferList.mNumberBuffers = 1; bufferList.mBuffers[0].mNumberChannels = 1; bufferList.mBuffers[0].mData = buffer; //pointer to buffer of audio data bufferList.mBuffers[0].mDataByteSize = BUFFER_SIZE; //number of bytes in the buffer while(true) { UInt32 frameCount = (bufferList.mBuffers[0].mDataByteSize / inputFileFormat.mBytesPerFrame); // Read a chunk of input OSStatus status = ExtAudioFileRead(inputFile, &frameCount, &bufferList); // If no frames were returned, conversion is finished if(0 == frameCount) break; NSLog(@"---"); int16_t *bufferl = &buffer; for(int i=0;i<100;i++){ //const int16_t *bufferl = bufferl[i]; NSLog(@"%d",bufferl[i]); } } Not sure what I am doing wrong, I think it has to do with reading the byte array. Sorry for the long code post...

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  • How to boot with Intel GMA500 Poulsbo graphics

    - by Seyed Mohammad
    I have a Sony VAIO netbook with Intel GMA-500 Poulsbo Graphics and I'm trying to boot the latest Ubuntu-12.04 Beta-2 using a bootable USB. According to this Ubuntu-Wiki, support for Intel GMA-500 Poulsbo graphics is promising in Precise-Beta2 and should work out of the box. Of course the wiki talks about a problem when booting from USB and states that restarting X using: sudo service lightdm restart will bring a functional graphical desktop, but nothing happens for me! Any help is highly appreciated.

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  • Problem booting 12.04-Beta2 with Intel GMA500 Poulsbo graphics

    - by Seyed Mohammad
    I have a Sony VAIO netbook with Intel GMA-500 Poulsbo Graphics and I'm trying to boot the latest Ubuntu-12.04 Beta-2 using a bootable USB. According to this Ubuntu-Wiki, support for Intel GMA-500 Poulsbo graphics is promising in Precise-Beta2 and should work out of the box. Of course the wiki talks about a problem when booting from USB and states that restarting X using: sudo service lightdm restart will bring a functional graphical desktop, but nothing happens for me! Any help is highly appreciated.

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  • Intel Xeon 5600 (Westmere-EP) and 7500 (Nehalem-EX)

    - by jchang
    Intel Xeon 5600 (Westmere-EP) and 7500 (Nehalem-EX) Performance Intel launched the Xeon 5600 series (Westmere-EP, 32nm) six-core processors on 16 March 2010 without any TPC benchmark results. In the performance world, no results almost always mean bad or not good results. Yet there is every reason to believe that the Xeon 5600 series with six-cores (X models only) will performance exactly as expected for a 50% increase in the number of cores at the same frequency (as the 5500) with no system level...(read more)

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  • Optimizing AES modes on Solaris for Intel Westmere

    - by danx
    Optimizing AES modes on Solaris for Intel Westmere Review AES is a strong method of symmetric (secret-key) encryption. It is a U.S. FIPS-approved cryptographic algorithm (FIPS 197) that operates on 16-byte blocks. AES has been available since 2001 and is widely used. However, AES by itself has a weakness. AES encryption isn't usually used by itself because identical blocks of plaintext are always encrypted into identical blocks of ciphertext. This encryption can be easily attacked with "dictionaries" of common blocks of text and allows one to more-easily discern the content of the unknown cryptotext. This mode of encryption is called "Electronic Code Book" (ECB), because one in theory can keep a "code book" of all known cryptotext and plaintext results to cipher and decipher AES. In practice, a complete "code book" is not practical, even in electronic form, but large dictionaries of common plaintext blocks is still possible. Here's a diagram of encrypting input data using AES ECB mode: Block 1 Block 2 PlainTextInput PlainTextInput | | | | \/ \/ AESKey-->(AES Encryption) AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | | | | \/ \/ CipherTextOutput CipherTextOutput Block 1 Block 2 What's the solution to the same cleartext input producing the same ciphertext output? The solution is to further process the encrypted or decrypted text in such a way that the same text produces different output. This usually involves an Initialization Vector (IV) and XORing the decrypted or encrypted text. As an example, I'll illustrate CBC mode encryption: Block 1 Block 2 PlainTextInput PlainTextInput | | | | \/ \/ IV >----->(XOR) +------------->(XOR) +---> . . . . | | | | | | | | \/ | \/ | AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | | | | | | | | | \/ | \/ | CipherTextOutput ------+ CipherTextOutput -------+ Block 1 Block 2 The steps for CBC encryption are: Start with a 16-byte Initialization Vector (IV), choosen randomly. XOR the IV with the first block of input plaintext Encrypt the result with AES using a user-provided key. The result is the first 16-bytes of output cryptotext. Use the cryptotext (instead of the IV) of the previous block to XOR with the next input block of plaintext Another mode besides CBC is Counter Mode (CTR). As with CBC mode, it also starts with a 16-byte IV. However, for subsequent blocks, the IV is just incremented by one. Also, the IV ix XORed with the AES encryption result (not the plain text input). Here's an illustration: Block 1 Block 2 PlainTextInput PlainTextInput | | | | \/ \/ AESKey-->(AES Encryption) AESKey-->(AES Encryption) | | | | \/ \/ IV >----->(XOR) IV + 1 >---->(XOR) IV + 2 ---> . . . . | | | | \/ \/ CipherTextOutput CipherTextOutput Block 1 Block 2 Optimization Which of these modes can be parallelized? ECB encryption/decryption can be parallelized because it does more than plain AES encryption and decryption, as mentioned above. CBC encryption can't be parallelized because it depends on the output of the previous block. However, CBC decryption can be parallelized because all the encrypted blocks are known at the beginning. CTR encryption and decryption can be parallelized because the input to each block is known--it's just the IV incremented by one for each subsequent block. So, in summary, for ECB, CBC, and CTR modes, encryption and decryption can be parallelized with the exception of CBC encryption. How do we parallelize encryption? By interleaving. Usually when reading and writing data there are pipeline "stalls" (idle processor cycles) that result from waiting for memory to be loaded or stored to or from CPU registers. Since the software is written to encrypt/decrypt the next data block where pipeline stalls usually occurs, we can avoid stalls and crypt with fewer cycles. This software processes 4 blocks at a time, which ensures virtually no waiting ("stalling") for reading or writing data in memory. Other Optimizations Besides interleaving, other optimizations performed are Loading the entire key schedule into the 128-bit %xmm registers. This is done once for per 4-block of data (since 4 blocks of data is processed, when present). The following is loaded: the entire "key schedule" (user input key preprocessed for encryption and decryption). This takes 11, 13, or 15 registers, for AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256, respectively The input data is loaded into another %xmm register The same register contains the output result after encrypting/decrypting Using SSSE 4 instructions (AESNI). Besides the aesenc, aesenclast, aesdec, aesdeclast, aeskeygenassist, and aesimc AESNI instructions, Intel has several other instructions that operate on the 128-bit %xmm registers. Some common instructions for encryption are: pxor exclusive or (very useful), movdqu load/store a %xmm register from/to memory, pshufb shuffle bytes for byte swapping, pclmulqdq carry-less multiply for GCM mode Combining AES encryption/decryption with CBC or CTR modes processing. Instead of loading input data twice (once for AES encryption/decryption, and again for modes (CTR or CBC, for example) processing, the input data is loaded once as both AES and modes operations occur at in the same function Performance Everyone likes pretty color charts, so here they are. I ran these on Solaris 11 running on a Piketon Platform system with a 4-core Intel Clarkdale processor @3.20GHz. Clarkdale which is part of the Westmere processor architecture family. The "before" case is Solaris 11, unmodified. Keep in mind that the "before" case already has been optimized with hand-coded Intel AESNI assembly. The "after" case has combined AES-NI and mode instructions, interleaved 4 blocks at-a-time. « For the first table, lower is better (milliseconds). The first table shows the performance improvement using the Solaris encrypt(1) and decrypt(1) CLI commands. I encrypted and decrypted a 1/2 GByte file on /tmp (swap tmpfs). Encryption improved by about 40% and decryption improved by about 80%. AES-128 is slighty faster than AES-256, as expected. The second table shows more detail timings for CBC, CTR, and ECB modes for the 3 AES key sizes and different data lengths. » The results shown are the percentage improvement as shown by an internal PKCS#11 microbenchmark. And keep in mind the previous baseline code already had optimized AESNI assembly! The keysize (AES-128, 192, or 256) makes little difference in relative percentage improvement (although, of course, AES-128 is faster than AES-256). Larger data sizes show better improvement than 128-byte data. Availability This software is in Solaris 11 FCS. It is available in the 64-bit libcrypto library and the "aes" Solaris kernel module. You must be running hardware that supports AESNI (for example, Intel Westmere and Sandy Bridge, microprocessor architectures). The easiest way to determine if AES-NI is available is with the isainfo(1) command. For example, $ isainfo -v 64-bit amd64 applications pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov amd_sysc cx8 tsc fpu 32-bit i386 applications pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov sep cx8 tsc fpu No special configuration or setup is needed to take advantage of this software. Solaris libraries and kernel automatically determine if it's running on AESNI-capable machines and execute the correctly-tuned software for the current microprocessor. Summary Maximum throughput of AES cipher modes can be achieved by combining AES encryption with modes processing, interleaving encryption of 4 blocks at a time, and using Intel's wide 128-bit %xmm registers and instructions. References "Block cipher modes of operation", Wikipedia Good overview of AES modes (ECB, CBC, CTR, etc.) "Advanced Encryption Standard", Wikipedia "Current Modes" describes NIST-approved block cipher modes (ECB,CBC, CFB, OFB, CCM, GCM)

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  • Installed Ubuntu on a Intel I5 3330 (over a dh 77eb motherboard), networking fails

    - by Siddharth
    To my surprise network fails after Ubuntu installs. modprobe e1000, did not get networking to kick off modprobe e1000e, too did not load Searched for the drivers on the intel site, no linux drivers listed. lspci reports 00:19.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:1503] (rev 04) Any idea on how to proceed ? Is there a place where I can map driver names (like e1000, e1000e) with the model numbers ?

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  • Unable to boot Ubuntu 13.10 (nVidia GTX 770m and Intel HD 4600)

    - by Raziel Gonzalez
    Ever since I bought this laptop I've been trying to install Ubuntu on it. It came with W8 preinstalled. Up to this point, I've been able to boot in UEFI mode with a black screen. I can tell it's trying to use the nVidia card (there's a led on the computer, depending on the color you can tell which GPU is using) and if I press crtl+alt+F1 I can go to console mode. Taking this advantage I tried to install bumblebee and after a successful install the led that indicates which GPU is being used change, indicating that it switched to the Intel HD 4600 graphics. After the installation I tried to initiate the graphic interface (startx) with no success. Xorg.0.log shows the error: [ 3706.779] X.Org X Server 1.14.3 Release Date: 2013-09-12 [ 3706.782] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 [ 3706.783] Build Operating System: Linux 3.2.0-37-generic x86_64 Ubuntu [ 3706.783] Current Operating System: Linux ubuntu 3.11.0-12-generic #19-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 9 16:20:46 UTC 2013 x86_64 [ 3706.783] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper nomodeset -- [ 3706.785] Build Date: 15 October 2013 09:23:37AM [ 3706.786] xorg-server 2:1.14.3-3ubuntu2 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support) [ 3706.786] Current version of pixman: 0.30.2 [ 3706.788] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org to make sure that you have the latest version. [ 3706.788] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. [ 3706.791] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sat Nov 2 12:28:52 2013 [ 3706.792] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d" [ 3706.792] (==) No Layout section. Using the first Screen section. [ 3706.792] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults. [ 3706.792] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0) [ 3706.792] (**) | |-->Monitor "<default monitor>" [ 3706.792] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section". Using a default monitor configuration. [ 3706.792] (==) Automatically adding devices [ 3706.792] (==) Automatically enabling devices [ 3706.792] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices [ 3706.792] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist. [ 3706.792] Entry deleted from font path. [ 3706.792] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/" does not exist. [ 3706.792] Entry deleted from font path. [ 3706.792] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/" does not exist. [ 3706.792] Entry deleted from font path. [ 3706.792] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" does not exist. [ 3706.792] Entry deleted from font path. [ 3706.792] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" does not exist. [ 3706.792] Entry deleted from font path. [ 3706.792] (==) FontPath set to: /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc, /usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1, built-ins [ 3706.792] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules,/usr/lib/xorg/extra-modules,/usr/lib/xorg/modules" [ 3706.792] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices. If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices. [ 3706.792] (II) Loader magic: 0x7ff680918d20 [ 3706.792] (II) Module ABI versions: [ 3706.792] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4 [ 3706.792] X.Org Video Driver: 14.1 [ 3706.792] X.Org XInput driver : 19.1 [ 3706.792] X.Org Server Extension : 7.0 [ 3706.793] (--) PCI:*(0:0:2:0) 8086:0416:1462:10e8 rev 6, Mem @ 0xf7400000/4194304, 0xb0000000/268435456, I/O @ 0x0000f000/64 [ 3706.793] (II) Open ACPI successful (/var/run/acpid.socket) [ 3706.794] Initializing built-in extension Generic Event Extension [ 3706.795] Initializing built-in extension SHAPE [ 3706.796] Initializing built-in extension MIT-SHM [ 3706.797] Initializing built-in extension XInputExtension [ 3706.797] Initializing built-in extension XTEST [ 3706.798] Initializing built-in extension BIG-REQUESTS [ 3706.799] Initializing built-in extension SYNC [ 3706.799] Initializing built-in extension XKEYBOARD [ 3706.800] Initializing built-in extension XC-MISC [ 3706.801] Initializing built-in extension SECURITY [ 3706.802] Initializing built-in extension XINERAMA [ 3706.802] Initializing built-in extension XFIXES [ 3706.803] Initializing built-in extension RENDER [ 3706.804] Initializing built-in extension RANDR [ 3706.804] Initializing built-in extension COMPOSITE [ 3706.805] Initializing built-in extension DAMAGE [ 3706.806] Initializing built-in extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER [ 3706.806] Initializing built-in extension DOUBLE-BUFFER [ 3706.807] Initializing built-in extension RECORD [ 3706.807] Initializing built-in extension DPMS [ 3706.808] Initializing built-in extension X-Resource [ 3706.809] Initializing built-in extension XVideo [ 3706.809] Initializing built-in extension XVideo-MotionCompensation [ 3706.810] Initializing built-in extension SELinux [ 3706.811] Initializing built-in extension XFree86-VidModeExtension [ 3706.811] Initializing built-in extension XFree86-DGA [ 3706.812] Initializing built-in extension XFree86-DRI [ 3706.812] Initializing built-in extension DRI2 [ 3706.812] (II) "glx" will be loaded by default. [ 3706.812] (WW) "xmir" is not to be loaded by default. Skipping. [ 3706.812] (II) LoadModule: "dri2" [ 3706.812] (II) Module "dri2" already built-in [ 3706.812] (II) LoadModule: "glamoregl" [ 3706.813] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so [ 3706.813] (II) Module glamoregl: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 3706.813] compiled for 1.14.2.901, module version = 0.5.1 [ 3706.813] ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4 [ 3706.813] (II) LoadModule: "glx" [ 3706.813] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so [ 3706.813] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 3706.813] compiled for 1.14.3, module version = 1.0.0 [ 3706.813] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 7.0 [ 3706.813] (==) AIGLX enabled [ 3706.814] Loading extension GLX [ 3706.814] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0 [ 3706.814] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 1 [ 3706.814] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 2 [ 3706.814] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 3 [ 3706.814] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout [ 3706.814] (II) LoadModule: "intel" [ 3706.814] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so [ 3706.814] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 3706.814] compiled for 1.14.3, module version = 2.99.904 [ 3706.814] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 3706.814] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 3706.814] (II) LoadModule: "vesa" [ 3706.814] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so [ 3706.814] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 3706.814] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 2.3.2 [ 3706.814] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 3706.814] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 3706.814] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting" [ 3706.814] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so [ 3706.814] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 3706.814] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.8.0 [ 3706.814] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 3706.814] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 3706.814] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev" [ 3706.814] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so [ 3706.815] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 3706.815] compiled for 1.14.1, module version = 0.4.3 [ 3706.815] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 3706.815] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 3706.815] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Integrated Graphics Chipsets: i810, i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G, 915G, E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM, Pineview G, 965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33, GM45, 4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43, HD Graphics, HD Graphics 2000, HD Graphics 3000, HD Graphics 2500, HD Graphics 4000, HD Graphics P4000, HD Graphics 4600, HD Graphics 5000, HD Graphics P4600/P4700, Iris(TM) Graphics 5100, HD Graphics 4400, HD Graphics 4200, Iris(TM) Pro Graphics 5200 [ 3706.815] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa [ 3706.815] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms [ 3706.815] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev [ 3706.815] (--) using VT number 7 [ 3706.819] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting [ 3706.819] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory [ 3706.819] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for fbdev [ 3706.819] (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw" [ 3706.819] (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw" [ 3706.819] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so [ 3706.819] (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 3706.819] compiled for 1.14.3, module version = 0.0.2 [ 3706.819] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 3706.819] (II) Loading sub module "vbe" [ 3706.819] (II) LoadModule: "vbe" [ 3706.819] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libvbe.so [ 3706.819] (II) Module vbe: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 3706.819] compiled for 1.14.3, module version = 1.1.0 [ 3706.819] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 3706.819] (II) Loading sub module "int10" [ 3706.819] (II) LoadModule: "int10" [ 3706.819] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libint10.so [ 3706.819] (II) Module int10: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 3706.819] compiled for 1.14.3, module version = 1.0.0 [ 3706.819] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 14.1 [ 3706.819] (II) VESA(0): initializing int10 [ 3706.820] (EE) VESA(0): V_BIOS address 0x0 out of range [ 3706.820] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa" [ 3706.820] (II) UnloadSubModule: "int10" [ 3706.820] (II) Unloading int10 [ 3706.820] (II) UnloadSubModule: "vbe" [ 3706.820] (II) Unloading vbe [ 3706.820] (EE) Screen(s) found, but none have a usable configuration. [ 3706.820] (EE) Fatal server error: [ 3706.820] (EE) no screens found(EE) [ 3706.820] (EE) Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support at http://wiki.x.org for help. [ 3706.820] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information. [ 3706.820] (EE) [ 3706.827] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file. I also saved the dsmeg output to see if it can be of any help. In order to be able to get to this stage I had to boot with nomodeset option and removed quiet and splash. Anyone got this same error? Any guidance? I've tried other linux distros and so far the only one that is able to boot is Opensuse 12.3 without any issues (but only when I switch to legacy mode instead of UEFI).

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  • Intel Sandy Bridge : les constructeurs rappellent les machines défectueuses et Gigabyte propose un utilitaire d'optimisation

    Intel Sandy Bridge : les constructeurs rappellent les machines défectueuses Et Gigabyte propose un utilitaire d'optimisation pour les cartes mère P67 et H67 Mise à jour du 04/02/2011 par Idelways Les retombées de la défaillance découverte sur les puces Sandy Bridge d'Intel (lire ci-devant) commencent à se faire sentir, les annonces des fabricants se multiplient pour limiter les dégâts et rassurer leurs consommateurs. Le Sud-Coréen Samsung propose par exemple la restitution de tous les ordinateurs vendus équipés de chipsets compatible avec les puces Sandy Bridge incriminées, soit six modèles commercialisés en Coré...

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  • Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud Deployed on Intel Hardware

    <b>Softpedia:</b> "Canonical, the company behind the very popular Ubuntu Linux distribution, recognizes the potential of the emerging market and has partnered with Intel and Eucalyptus to promote its Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud (UEC) offering as part of Intel's Cloud Builder program."

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  • Ubuntu 11.10 Intel controller VGA detected but no signal

    - by Fred Zimmerman
    Ubuntu 11.10 Dell vostrum Intel® Sandybridge Mobile x86/MMX/SSE2 Displays ... correctly detects and identifies Viewsonic 27" VGA monitor, but monitor says it's receiving no signal Plugged into another monitor (Sony 20"), same result. $ lspci | grep VGA 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) I've browsed these forums and tried everything that I can but nothing has worked. I need a stepwise troubleshooting plan.

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  • Intel Puts Mobile CPUs on a Diet for Ultra-Thin Laptops

    <b>Hardware Central:</b> "Intel today broadened its number of ultra-low voltage processors (ULV) to include a complete range, from Celeron to Core i7, for the super-thin laptop market. This announcement builds on Intel's January introduction of laptop processors, which included only a few low-end ULV processors."

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  • Intel Server Buyers Guide

    Sure, Intel is inside the box, but did you know sometimes Intel is the box? Here are five servers that the company best known for its chips sells to OEMs and other resellers. Is one of these right for you?

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  • Intel Server Buyers Guide

    Sure, Intel is inside the box, but did you know sometimes Intel is the box? Here are five servers that the company best known for its chips sells to OEMs and other resellers. Is one of these right for you?

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