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  • How do you navigate and refactor code written in a dynamic language?

    - by Philippe Beaudoin
    I love that writing Python, Ruby or Javascript requires so little boilerplate. I love simple functional constructs. I love the clean and simple syntax. However, there are three things I'm really bad at when developing a large software in a dynamic language: Navigating the code Identifying the interfaces of the objects I'm using Refactoring efficiently I have been trying simple editors (i.e. Vim) as well as IDE (Eclipse + PyDev) but in both cases I feel like I have to commit a lot more to memory and/or to constantly "grep" and read through the code to identify the interfaces. As for refactoring, for example changing method names, it becomes hugely dependent on the quality of my unit tests. And if I try to isolate my unit tests by "cutting them off" the rest of the application, then there is no guarantee that my stub's interface stays up to date with the object I'm stubbing. I'm sure there are workarounds for these problems. How do you work efficiently in Python, Ruby or Javascript?

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  • How do you handle increasingly long compile times when working with templates?

    - by Ghita
    I use Visual Studio 2012 and he have cases where we added templates parameters to a class "just" in order to introduce a "seam point" so that in unit-test we can replace those parts with mock objects. How do you usually introduce seam points in C++: using interfaces and/or mixing based on some criteria with implicit interfaces by using templates parameters also ? One reason to ask this is also because when compiling sometimes a single C++ file (that includes templates files, that could also include other templates) results in an object file being generated that takes in the order of around 5-10 seconds on a developer machine. VS compiler is also not particularly fast on compiling templates as far as I understand, and because of the templates inclusion model (you practically include the definition of the template in every file that uses it indirectly and possibly re-instantiate that template every time you modify something that has nothing to do with that template) you could have problems with compile times (when doing incremental compiling). What are your ways of handling incremental(and not only) compile time when working with templates (besides a better/faster compiler :-)).

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  • When to use mixins in Ruby

    - by Gilles
    I am wondering when to use mixins? I have read about them. Many authors compare them to interfaces, abstract classes, etc. Mixins are modules that are mixed-in and modules are a way to group similar methods, constants and classes together. I have seen examples where a module for math functions is created. It makes sense to group and reuse such functions but should I only mix these in a class if I am faced with an inheritance situation? Should I mix these in anytime I want to use them in a class? Should they be used exactly like interfaces in other languages or are there other subtleties?

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  • On restart server Ethernet went down saying not configured!

    - by Sumant
    i justy have configured my dhcp server with static ip. after configuration dhcp server & routers were working fine. but after restarting server network connectivity went off. there are two lan cards but none of them is up.i tried setting up manually ip address again but it remains same. when i executed sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart i got this message * Running /etc/init.d/networking restart is deprecated because it may not enable again some interfaces * Reconfiguring network interfaces... /bin/sh: cannot open /etc/iptables_rules: No such file Failed to bring up eth0. i have configured my server according to this What is it the problem with ubuntu 11.10 or some configuration error. i am not getting it please help me.

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  • Pirates, Treasure Chests and Architectural Mapping

    Pirate 1: Why do pirates create treasure maps? Pirate 2: I do not know.Pirate 1: So they can find their gold. Yes, that was a bad joke, but it does illustrate a point. Pirates are known for drawing treasure maps to their most prized possession. These documents detail the decisions pirates made in order to hide and find their chests of gold. The map allows them to trace the steps they took originally to hide their treasure so that they may return. As software engineers, programmers, and architects we need to treat software implementations much like our treasure chest. Why is software like a treasure chest? It cost money, time,  and resources to develop (Usually) It can make or save money, time, and resources (Hopefully) If we operate under the assumption that software is like a treasure chest then wouldn’t make sense to document the steps, rationale, concerns, and decisions about how it was designed? Pirates are notorious for documenting where they hide their treasure.  Shouldn’t we as creators of software do the same? By documenting our design decisions and rationale behind them will help others be able to understand and maintain implemented systems. This can only be done if the design decisions are correctly mapped to its corresponding implementation. This allows for architectural decisions to be traced from the conceptual model, architectural design and finally to the implementation. Mapping gives software professional a method to trace the reason why specific areas of code were developed verses other options. Just like the pirates we need to able to trace our steps from the start of a project to its implementation,  so that we will understand why specific choices were chosen. The traceability of a software implementation that actually maps back to its originating design decisions is invaluable for ensuring that architectural drifting and erosion does not take place. The drifting and erosion is prevented by allowing others to understand the rational of why an implementation was created in a specific manor or methodology The process of mapping distinct design concerns/decisions to the location of its implemented is called traceability. In this context traceability is defined as method for connecting distinctive software artifacts. This process allows architectural design models and decisions to be directly connected with its physical implementation. The process of mapping architectural design concerns to a software implementation can be very complex. However, most design decision can be placed in  a few generalized categories. Commonly Mapped Design Decisions Design Rationale Components and Connectors Interfaces Behaviors/Properties Design rational is one of the hardest categories to map directly to an implementation. Typically this rational is mapped or document in code via comments. These comments consist of general design decisions and reasoning because they do not directly refer to a specific part of an application. They typically focus more on the higher level concerns. Components and connectors can directly be mapped to architectural concerns. Typically concerns subdivide an application in to distinct functional areas. These functional areas then can map directly back to their originating concerns.Interfaces can be mapped back to design concerns in one of two ways. Interfaces that pertain to specific function definitions can be directly mapped back to its originating concern(s). However, more complicated interfaces require additional analysis to ensure that the proper mappings are created. Depending on the complexity some Behaviors\Properties can be translated directly into a generic implementation structure that is ready for business logic. In addition, some behaviors can be translated directly in to an actual implementation depending on the complexity and architectural tools used. Mapping design concerns to an implementation is a lot of work to maintain, but is doable. In order to ensure that concerns are mapped correctly and that an implementation correctly reflects its design concerns then one of two standard approaches are usually used. All Changes Come From ArchitectureBy forcing all application changes to come through the architectural model prior to implementation then the existing mappings will be used to locate where in the implementation changes need to occur. Allow Changes From Implementation Or Architecture By allowing changes to come from the implementation and/or the architecture then the other area must be kept in sync. This methodology is more complex compared to the previous approach.  One reason to justify the added complexity for an application is due to the fact that this approach tends to detect and prevent architectural drift and erosion. Additionally, this approach is usually maintained via software because of the complexity. Reference:Taylor, R. N., Medvidovic, N., & Dashofy, E. M. (2009). Software architecture: Foundations, theory, and practice Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons  

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  • ifconfig not showing all IPs bound to the machine

    - by pankaj sharma
    I have configured multiple IP addresses on a ubuntu box, but when I run ifconfig it shows just one of them. I am able, however, to ping all other adresses assigned to this machine. /etc/network/interface contents: # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.202.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.202.0 broadcast 192.168.202.255 gateway 192.168.202.1 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-search idil.dz1.da auto eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 192.168.202.12 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:2 iface eth0:2 inet static address 192.168.202.13 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:3 iface eth0:3 inet static address 192.168.202.14 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:4 iface eth0:4 inet static address 192.168.202.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:5 iface eth0:5 inet static address 192.168.202.16 netmask 255.255.255.0 but the output of the ifconfig is only: 192.168.202.11

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  • Sortie de Qt 4.7.2, une version de maintenance du framework et du nouvelle EDI de Nokia Qt Creator 2.1

    Sortie de Qt 4.7.2 Avec la nouvelle version de l'EDI de Nokia Qt Creator 2.1 Mise à jour du 01/03/2011, par dourouc05 Qt 4.7.2 est sorti ce jour. Ce n'est qu'une version de maintenance, avec son lot de corrections de bogues, grâce au retour utilisateur et aux contributions, depuis la sortie de la version 4.7.1, en novembre dernier. Point plus important, il marque la sortie officielle de Qt Quick, LA nouvelle fonctionnalité clé de Qt, permettant de créer très simplement des applications légères et des interfaces utilisateur. Pour mener à bien sa mission, il se base sur QML, un langage de déclaration d'interfaces, sur le module Qt Declarative et d...

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  • Disabling IPv6 on a single interface

    - by ijw
    I'm slightly weirded out by the fact that Ubuntu won't process ipv4 DHCP unless you explicitly tell it to, but will happily take ipv6 RAs unless you tell it not to. Is there any way to change the default behaviour to be 'do nothing unless I explicitly turn it on'? (Note to answerers: I'm not looking to globally disable ipv6, or completely turn off autoconf. I'm looking to disable autoconf by default (as in, I don't want ipv6 unless I say so in /etc/network/interfaces, in the same way that I don't just get a v4 address unless I've explicitly turned on dhcp). What's happening is that, for any interface that's up - e.g. has an ipv4 config - a v6 address tends to just turn up on the interface as well, despite the fact that I've not enabled that explicitly. The solutions to date are fine as far as they go, but if I disable v6 or autoconf globally, I can't then re-enable v6 on a per-interface basis with a simple command in /etc/network/interfaces. I'm fairly sure I'm asking for the moon on a stick, mind you.)

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  • Blueprints API for Oracle NoSQL Database

    - by Charles Lamb
    Here's an implementation of the Blueprints API for Oracle NoSQL Database. https://github.com/dwmclary/blueprints-oracle-nosqldb Blueprints is a collection of interfaces, implementations, ouplementations, and test suites for the property graph data model. Blueprints is analogous to the JDBC, but for graph databases. As such, it provides a common set of interfaces to allow developers to plug-and-play their graph database backend. Moreover, software written atop Blueprints works over all Blueprints-enabled graph databases. Within the TinkerPop software stack, Blueprints serves as the foundational technology for: Pipes: A lazy, data flow framework Gremlin: A graph traversal language Frames: An object-to-graph mapper Furnace: A graph algorithms package Rexster: A graph server

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  • Static IP breaks Network connection

    - by Pasquale Tedesco
    I am somewhat new to Linux. I am setting up a Web server and installed Ubuntu server 14.04 on an vSphere ESXi 5.5 host. I am connecting perfectly fine to the internet when using DHCP but when I apply my Static settings I loose the ability to connect to websites. Whats weird is I can Ping google.com but if I try wget gooogl.com it hangs at connecting to google.com (google.com):173.194.43.32:80 and I get "failed: connection refused" But if I am set to DHCP the connection resolves perfectly. Thanks # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp iface eth0 inet static address 10.1.2.25 gateway 10.1.2.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 search tsig.com dns-nameservers 10.1.2.13 10.1.2.30

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  • Is it a bad practice to have an interface to define constants?

    - by FabianB
    I am writing a set of junit test classes in java. There are several constants, for example strings that I will need in different test classes. I am thinking about an interface that defines them and every test class would implement it. The benefits I see there are: easy access to constants: "MY_CONSTANT" instead of "ThatClass.MY_CONSTANT" each constant defined only once Is this approach rather a good or bad practice? I feel like abusing the concept of interfaces a little bit. You can answer generally about interfaces/constants, but also about unit tests if there is something special about it.

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  • Configuring ethernet network

    - by den-javamaniac
    Hi. I've got a wired network connection and if I'm using network manager (hereafter "NM") everything works fine except for the hardware address (it doesn't change). I'm thinking of using /etc/network/interfaces. So, I added some code and it looks like this: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address #corresponding value netmask #corresponding value gateway #corresponding value hwaddress #corresponding value After restarting networking I get the following message: *Reconfiguring network interfaces... #here some help code appears Failed to bring up eth1. The default interface that works with NM is eth0. Please advise on how to handle the problem.

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  • NetworkManager refuses to manage my WLAN interface

    - by user104167
    I'm using Ubuntu 12.10 with Gnome 3.6 on a brand-new Samsung NP900X4C. The installer detected the wireless adapter, took in the SSID and WPA passphrase, wrote these into /etc/network/interfaces and connected perfectly. Once installation was finished I wanted to switch to using NetworkManager to manage the wireless adapter, since this is much more convenient than fiddling with /etc/network/interfaces every time I find a new hotspot. Therefore I edited /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf to set: [ifupdown] managed=true When I rebooted NetworkManager, the problems started: - The NetworkManager tray applet changed from saying device not managed to device not ready - I lost all internet connectivity as wlan0 would not associate to the Access Point - if I set managed=false in NetworkManager.conf and restarted both NetworkManager and networking services from the command-line, the Gnome desktop "semi-crashed" and lost all its Window Decorations, the panel, the launcher and basically became unusable. However if I restart the computer completely after setting managed=false, wlan0 once again works perfectly.

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  • I never really understood: what is Application Binary Interface (ABI)?

    - by claws
    I never clearly understood what is an ABI. I'm sorry for such a lengthy question. I just want to clearly understand things. Please don't point me to wiki article, If could understand it, I wouldn't be here posting such a lengthy post. This is my mindset about different interfaces: TV remote is an interface between user and TV. It is an existing entity but useless (doesn't provide any functionality) by itself. All the functionality for each of those buttons on the remote is implemented in the Television set. Interface: It is a "existing entity" layer between the functionality and consumer of that functionality. An, interface by itself is doesn't do anything. It just invokes the functionality lying behind. Now depending on who the user is there are different type of interfaces. Command Line Interface(CLI) commands are the existing entities, consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: commands consumer: user Graphical User Interface(GUI) window,buttons etc.. are the existing entities, again consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: window,buttons etc.. consumer: user Application Programming Interface(API) functions or to be more correct, interfaces (in interfaced based programming) are the existing entities, consumer here is another program not a user. and again functionality lies behind this layer. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: functions, Interfaces(array of functions). consumer: another program/application. Application Binary Interface (ABI) Here is my problem starts. functionality: ??? existing entities: ??? consumer: ??? I've wrote few softwares in different languages and provided different kind of interfaces (CLI, GUI, API) but I'm not sure, if I ever, provided any ABI. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface says: ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; Other ABIs standardize details such as the C++ name mangling,[2] . exception propagation,[3] and calling convention between compilers on the same platform, but do not require cross-platform compatibility. Who needs these details? Please don't say, OS. I know assembly programming. I know how linking & loading works. I know what exactly happens inside. Where did C++ name mangling come in between? I thought we are talking at the binary level. Where did languages come in between? anyway, I've downloaded the [PDF] System V Application Binary Interface Edition 4.1 (1997-03-18) to see what exactly it contains. Well, most of it didn't make any sense. Why does it contain 2 chapters (4th & 5th) which describe the ELF file format.Infact, these are the only 2 significant chapters that specification. Rest of all the chapters "Processor Specific". Anyway, I thought that it is completely different topic. Please don't say that ELF file format specs are the ABI. It doesn't qualify to be Interface according to the definition. I know, since we are talking at such low level it must be very specific. But I'm not sure how is it "Instruction Set Architecture(ISA)" specific? Where can I find MS Window's ABI? So, these are the major queries that are bugging me.

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  • Networking stopped working on Ubuntu

    - by 1337Rooster
    I installed Ubuntu 10.04 through the Wubi installer (Funny, I installed it today and thought I would have gotten 10.10). I had a network connection and everything was working fine. I rebooted my coumputer a couple of times and then suddenly, I could not connect to the network and when I click the wireless/networking icon it says "Networking Disabled". I reinstalled Ubuntu and the problem went away. After a few reboots the problem returned. I have tried restarting to see if it would come back as well as a few other things listed below. Any other suggestions would be appreciated. Tried to restart networking via /etc/init.d/networking: amato@ubuntu:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart * Reconfiguring network interfaces... Ignoring unknown interface eth0=eth0. [ OK ] Tried to stop and start it: amato@ubuntu:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop * Deconfiguring network interfaces... [ OK ] amato@ubuntu:~$ amato@ubuntu:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking start Rather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8) utility, e.g. service networking start Since the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an Upstart job, you may also use the start(8) utility, e.g. start networking networking stop/waiting Tried start networking: amato@ubuntu:~$ start networking start: Rejected send message, 1 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.58" (uid=1000 pid=2241 comm="start) interface="com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6.Job" member="Start" error name="(unset)" requested_reply=0 destination="com.ubuntu.Upstart" (uid=0 pid=1 comm="/sbin/init")) amato@ubuntu:~$ sudo start networking networking stop/waiting Tried service networking restart: amato@ubuntu:~$ service networking restart restart: Rejected send message, 1 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.60" (uid=1000 pid=2248 comm="restart) interface="com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6.Job" member="Restart" error name="(unset)" requested_reply=0 destination="com.ubuntu.Upstart" (uid=0 pid=1 comm="/sbin/init")) amato@ubuntu:~$ sudo service networking restart restart: Unknown instance: Here are the contents of my /etc/network/interfaces. auto lo iface lo inet loopback I even tried to modify it to this (based on something I read, online, not sure if I was doing the right thing here). Tried everything again and no luck: auto lo eth0 iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp

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  • IP Tables won't save the rule.

    - by ArchUser
    Hello, I'm using ArchLinux and I have an IP tables rule that I know works (from my other server), and it's in /etc/iptables/iptables.rules, it's the only rule set in that directory. I run, /etc/rc.d/iptables save, then /etc/rc.d/iptables/restart, but when I do "iptables --list", I get ACCEPTs on INPUT,FORWARD & OUTPUT. # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.8 on Sat Jan 8 18:42:50 2011 *filter :INPUT DROP [0:0] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [216:14865] :BRUTEGUARD - [0:0] :interfaces - [0:0] :open - [0:0] -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 18 -j DROP -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 17 -j DROP -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 10 -j DROP -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 9 -j DROP -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 5 -j DROP -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j interfaces -A INPUT -j open -A INPUT -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset -A INPUT -p udp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m state --state NEW -j DROP -A INPUT -f -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE -j DROP -A INPUT -i eth+ -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j DROP -A BRUTEGUARD -m recent --set --name BF --rsource -A BRUTEGUARD -m recent --update --seconds 600 --hitcount 20 --name BF --rsource -j LOG --log-prefix "[BRUTEFORCE ATTEMPT] " --log-level 6 -A BRUTEGUARD -m recent --update --seconds 600 --hitcount 20 --name BF --rsource -j DROP -A interfaces -i lo -j ACCEPT -A open -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A open -p tcp -m tcp --dport 10011 -j ACCEPT -A open -p udp -m udp --dport 9987 -j ACCEPT -A open -p tcp -m tcp --dport 30033 -j ACCEPT -A open -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8000 -j ACCEPT -A open -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8001 -j ACCEPT -A open -s 76.119.125.61 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A open -s 76.119.125.61 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A open -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j BRUTEGUARD -A open -s 76.119.125.61 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Sat Jan 8 18:42:50 2011

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  • PXE booting LACP hosts on Force10 S50N with FTOS

    - by lolwutreddit
    Hardware: S50N Firmware: FTOS 8.4.2.6 Problem: We're trying to PXE boot some servers that are connected via port-channel interfaces with LACP. Current Work-around: we PXE boot a server with a single interface (eth0), and then use a Perl script to turn up the port-channel interfaces after the server is built. Details: Is anyone doing anything similar on Force10 S50 switches with FTOS? If not, is anyone doing this on another S series, or larger chassis-based Force10? I'm wondering if Native VLAN will solve this, since ports in a port-channel cannot explicitly have a VLAN set, and they don't seem to use the tagged or untagged VLAN that the port channel is in. I will confirm this next (I think it's the only thing I haven't tried) Juniper Example: http://broken.net/openindiana/how-to-pxe-boot-systems-on-lacp-using-juniper-switches/ Cisco: there are plenty of documented ways to solve this issue on IOS and Nexus Update/Edit: since there seems to be no way to use interface or port-channel mode commands to get the individual interfaces to show up in spanning-tree (rtsp in this case), the ports should never go into a forwarding state. I'm not going to mess with it anymore unless a) someone that has experience passes it on, or b) Force10 comes up with a solution for this (I'm guessing it will only be introduced on other S platforms (S55, S60), since the S50 seems to be near EOL). I'm basing that on the fact that the Open Automation type features are only being supported on the newer switches.

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  • Windows file sharing with a private LAN when a public VPN is connected?

    - by netvope
    OS: Windows Vista My LAN interface is configured as a "private network". I want to have all the sharing and discovery features (Network Discovery, File Sharing, Public Folder Sharing, Printer Sharing, Password Protected Sharing, and Media Sharing), so I enabled them all. My VPN interfaces are configured as "public networks", and I do NOT want to have any of the above features. Now the problem is that if I disabled these sharing features while a VPN is connected, it affects both interfaces. I guess the Network and Sharing Center is probably an oversimplified tool that may not support multiple interfaces. Where can I tell Windows to enable sharing features for the private networks and not the public networks? For file sharing, I think I can disable "File and Printer Sharing for MS Networks" in each of the VPNs' properties. However, I will need to disable it every time I add a new VPN. Moreover, I can't find how to disable Media Sharing by this way. If this can be more easily done in Windows XP or 7, please let me know.

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  • Linux udev persistent net rule

    - by Anonymous
    I have a Linux system (Slackware Linux 13.0) with two network interfaces. Let's call them NIC0 and NIC1 My goal is to make NIC0 to appear as eth0 in the system. I know this can be achieved via udev rules that map network aliases to MAC addresses of network interfaces. In Slackware Linux the file /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules contains such rules. The trickiest part of my problem is that I need to fake the MAC address of NIC0. I know I can dynamically change the MAC addres of a network interface with the command: ifconfig eth0 hw ether <new MAC address> Do you see the problem? This supposes that the network interfaces are already set up. So my question is: If I would have an udev rule for NIC1(the one that shall go up as eth1, with its original MAC address), would it be enough for the system to bring the other network interface (NIC0) as eth0 by default? This way I could change its MAC address later, after the udev machinery completes and the network aliases are brought up.

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  • Debian Linux bridging router intermittently dropping packets [migrated]

    - by nomen
    My old Asus router died a few weeks ago, so I thought I'd set up my Debian box to deal with routing my home network. I have a few complications, but I adapted my configuration from a previously working configuration, and I don't see why I am having intermittent problems. But I am having them! Every so often, my SSH connections to the router (and to the Xen virtual machines hosted by the router) just drop. I am unable to use the router's dns server. I can't ping the router. Etc. (I can provide more details, but I'm not sure what will be helpful) /etc/network/interfaces: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # Gigabit ethernet, internal network auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet manual # USB ethernet, internet auto eth1 allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet dhcp # Xen Bridge auto xlan0 iface xlan0 inet static bridge_ports eth0 address 10.47.94.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 As I understand it, this is sufficient to create the network interfaces, and even do some switching between Xen hosts and my eth0 interface. I installed and configured Shorewall to manage routing: /etc/shorewall/zones fw firewall net ipv4 lan ipv4 /etc/shorewall/interfaces net eth1 detect dhcp,tcpflags,nosmurfs,routefilter,logmartians lan xlan0 detect dhcp,tcpflags,nosmurfs,routefilter,logmartians,routeback,bridge /etc/shorewall/policy net all DROP info fw net ACCEPT info all all REJECT info /etc/shorewall/rules DNS(ACCEPT) fw net DNS(ACCEPT) lan fw ... and so on, these all work, when the router is accepting traffic at all. /etc/shorewall/masq eth1 10.47.94.0/24 Can anybody help?

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  • Multiple Internet connections, multiple networks and split access in Linux

    - by Swapneel Patnekar
    I am having trouble setting up multiple internet connections for split access in Linux. We have 3 internet connections from 3 different ISP's. We want to configure our Linux gateway machine such that our three internal networks 10.2.1.0/24, 192.168.20.0/24 & 192.168.2.0/24 use ISP1, ISP2 and ISP3 respectively in a split access manner. Outlined below is the layout/settings, Interfaces of the Linux Gateway connected to Routers: eth0: 10.1.1.2<---------->10.1.1.1(Internal Interface of ADSL Router)[ISP1] eth1: 192.168.15.2<------>192.168.15.1(Internal Interface of 3G Router)[ISP2] eth3: 192.168.1.2<------->192.168.1.1(Internal Interface of ADSL Router)[ISP3] Kindly note that none of the interfaces in the Linux gateway has a public static IP address. Routers of ISP1 and ISP2 get assigned a dynamic public IP address when connected to the Internet, router of ISP3 has been assigned a public static IP address. Interface of Linux gateway connected to a switch, eth4: 10.2.1.1(LAN Interface for ISP1) eth4:0 192.168.20.1(LAN interface for ISP2) eth4:1 192.168.2.1(LAN Interface for ISP3) eth4:0 & eth4:1 are virtual interfaces with eth4 being the interface connected physically. Based on http://linux-ip.net/html/adv-multi-internet.html I've set the following routes, ip route flush table 4 ip route show table main | grep -Ev ^default | while read ROUTE ; do ip route add table 4 $ROUTE done ip route add table 4 default via 192.168.15.1 ip rule add fwmark 4 table 4 ip route flush cache Additionally, using the following iptables rules to mark & route packets as per the guide mentioned above : http://pastebin.com/KzWHFGJA At this point, computers from 192.168.2.0/24 network are successfully able to reach the Internet through ISP3. 192.168.20.0/24 and 10.2.1.0/24 are unable to access the Internet through ISP1 and ISP2 respectively. Any inputs will be much appreciated !

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  • HTB.init / tc behind NAT

    - by Ben K.
    I have an Ubuntu 10 box that I'm trying to set up as a bandwidth-shaping router. The machine has one WAN interface, eth0 and two LAN interfaces, eth1 and eth2. NAT is configured using MASQUERADE as described at InternetConnectionSharing. I'm mostly concerned with shaping outbound traffic from the LAN interfaces -- in the end, I'd like to end up with a hard 768Kbps limit per-LAN-interface (rather than a limit on eth0 pooled across all interfaces). I installed HTB.init, and riffing on the examples, tried to set this up on eth1 by putting three files into /etc/sysconfig/htb: /etc/sysconfig/htb/eth1 DEFAULT=30 R2Q=100 /etc/sysconfig/htb/eth1-2.root RATE=768Kbps BURST=15k /etc/sysconfig/htb/eth1-2:30.dfl RATE=768Kbps CEIL=788Kbps BURST=15k LEAF=sfq I can /etc/init.d/htb start and /etc/init.d/htb stats and see information that /seems/ to suggest it's working...but when I try pulling a large file via the WAN interface the shaping clearly isn't in effect. Any suggestions? My guess is it has something to do with where the shaping falls in the NAT chain, but I really have no idea where to begin troubleshooting this. ---- Update: Here's my /etc/init.d/htb list output, it seems to make sense -- the default rate for eth1 is 768Kbps? ### eth0: queueing disciplines qdisc htb 1: root refcnt 2 r2q 100 default 30 direct_packets_stat 0 qdisc sfq 30: parent 1:30 limit 127p quantum 1514b perturb 10sec ### eth0: traffic classes class htb 1:2 root rate 768000bit ceil 768000bit burst 1599b cburst 1599b class htb 1:30 parent 1:2 leaf 30: prio 0 rate 6144Kbit ceil 6144Kbit burst 15Kb cburst 1598b ### eth0: filtering rules filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 100 u32 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 100 u32 fh 800: ht divisor 1 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 100 u32 fh 800::800 order 2048 key ht 800 bkt 0 flowid 1:30 match 00000000/00000000 at 12 match 00000000/00000000 at 16 ### eth1: queueing disciplines qdisc htb 1: root refcnt 2 r2q 100 default 30 direct_packets_stat 0 qdisc sfq 30: parent 1:30 limit 127p quantum 1514b perturb 10sec ### eth1: traffic classes class htb 1:2 root rate 768000bit ceil 768000bit burst 1599b cburst 1599b class htb 1:30 parent 1:2 leaf 30: prio 0 rate 6144Kbit ceil 6144Kbit burst 15Kb cburst 1598b

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