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• What's the best way to get a stored POP3 password out of Outlook 2007?

  - by Tom Morris

  If you have a password for a POP3 account in Outlook 2007 (Windows 7 Home Premium) and you then forget the password, how do you retrieve it? I tried copy-and-paste. No go. I downloaded Mail PassView, but upon installing it, AVG said it was malware, so I removed it. I eventually found the account details by opening up RegEdit, and found it in HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows Messaging Subsystem\Profiles\Outlook\ (...) but it was encoded in REG_BINARY. I Googled around and found various Visual Basic routines for decoding it but being a Unix dork I had absolutely no idea what to do with said scripts. By this point, I gave up and managed to get hold of the password by another means (it was written down on a piece of paper in the briefcase of the owner of the account - I know, it makes the inner sysadmin rage). I also attempted to write a simple POP3 server in Python and then get Outlook to log on to it, but that didn't really work out (it was about 4am at that point). For future reference, is there an easy and sensible way of doing this? Is Mail PassView actually evil spyware or was AVG just giving me a false positive? (Any chance of Windows 8 having something like OS X's Keychain?)

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• How can I estimate the entropy of a password?

  - by Wug

  Having read various resources about password strength I'm trying to create an algorithm that will provide a rough estimation of how much entropy a password has. I'm trying to create an algorithm that's as comprehensive as possible. At this point I only have pseudocode, but the algorithm covers the following: password length repeated characters patterns (logical) different character spaces (LC, UC, Numeric, Special, Extended) dictionary attacks It does NOT cover the following, and SHOULD cover it WELL (though not perfectly): ordering (passwords can be strictly ordered by output of this algorithm) patterns (spatial) Can anyone provide some insight on what this algorithm might be weak to? Specifically, can anyone think of situations where feeding a password to the algorithm would OVERESTIMATE its strength? Underestimations are less of an issue. The algorithm: // the password to test password = ? length = length(password) // unique character counts from password (duplicates discarded) uqlca = number of unique lowercase alphabetic characters in password uquca = number of uppercase alphabetic characters uqd = number of unique digits uqsp = number of unique special characters (anything with a key on the keyboard) uqxc = number of unique special special characters (alt codes, extended-ascii stuff) // algorithm parameters, total sizes of alphabet spaces Nlca = total possible number of lowercase letters (26) Nuca = total uppercase letters (26) Nd = total digits (10) Nsp = total special characters (32 or something) Nxc = total extended ascii characters that dont fit into other categorys (idk, 50?) // algorithm parameters, pw strength growth rates as percentages (per character) flca = entropy growth factor for lowercase letters (.25 is probably a good value) fuca = EGF for uppercase letters (.4 is probably good) fd = EGF for digits (.4 is probably good) fsp = EGF for special chars (.5 is probably good) fxc = EGF for extended ascii chars (.75 is probably good) // repetition factors. few unique letters == low factor, many unique == high rflca = (1 - (1 - flca) ^ uqlca) rfuca = (1 - (1 - fuca) ^ uquca) rfd = (1 - (1 - fd ) ^ uqd ) rfsp = (1 - (1 - fsp ) ^ uqsp ) rfxc = (1 - (1 - fxc ) ^ uqxc ) // digit strengths strength = ( rflca * Nlca + rfuca * Nuca + rfd * Nd + rfsp * Nsp + rfxc * Nxc ) ^ length entropybits = log_base_2(strength) A few inputs and their desired and actual entropy_bits outputs: INPUT DESIRED ACTUAL aaa very pathetic 8.1 aaaaaaaaa pathetic 24.7 abcdefghi weak 31.2 H0ley$Mol3y_ strong 72.2 s^fU¬5ü;y34G< wtf 88.9 [a^36]* pathetic 97.2 [a^20]A[a^15]* strong 146.8 xkcd1** medium 79.3 xkcd2** wtf 160.5 * these 2 passwords use shortened notation, where [a^N] expands to N a's. ** xkcd1 = "Tr0ub4dor&3", xkcd2 = "correct horse battery staple" The algorithm does realize (correctly) that increasing the alphabet size (even by one digit) vastly strengthens long passwords, as shown by the difference in entropy_bits for the 6th and 7th passwords, which both consist of 36 a's, but the second's 21st a is capitalized. However, they do not account for the fact that having a password of 36 a's is not a good idea, it's easily broken with a weak password cracker (and anyone who watches you type it will see it) and the algorithm doesn't reflect that. It does, however, reflect the fact that xkcd1 is a weak password compared to xkcd2, despite having greater complexity density (is this even a thing?). How can I improve this algorithm? Addendum 1 Dictionary attacks and pattern based attacks seem to be the big thing, so I'll take a stab at addressing those. I could perform a comprehensive search through the password for words from a word list and replace words with tokens unique to the words they represent. Word-tokens would then be treated as characters and have their own weight system, and would add their own weights to the password. I'd need a few new algorithm parameters (I'll call them lw, Nw ~= 2^11, fw ~= .5, and rfw) and I'd factor the weight into the password as I would any of the other weights. This word search could be specially modified to match both lowercase and uppercase letters as well as common character substitutions, like that of E with 3. If I didn't add extra weight to such matched words, the algorithm would underestimate their strength by a bit or two per word, which is OK. Otherwise, a general rule would be, for each non-perfect character match, give the word a bonus bit. I could then perform simple pattern checks, such as searches for runs of repeated characters and derivative tests (take the difference between each character), which would identify patterns such as 'aaaaa' and '12345', and replace each detected pattern with a pattern token, unique to the pattern and length. The algorithmic parameters (specifically, entropy per pattern) could be generated on the fly based on the pattern. At this point, I'd take the length of the password. Each word token and pattern token would count as one character; each token would replace the characters they symbolically represented. I made up some sort of pattern notation, but it includes the pattern length l, the pattern order o, and the base element b. This information could be used to compute some arbitrary weight for each pattern. I'd do something better in actual code. Modified Example: Password: 1234kitty$$$$$herpderp Tokenized: 1 2 3 4 k i t t y $ $ $ $ $ h e r p d e r p Words Filtered: 1 2 3 4 @W5783 $ $ $ $ $ @W9001 @W9002 Patterns Filtered: @P[l=4,o=1,b='1'] @W5783 @P[l=5,o=0,b='$'] @W9001 @W9002 Breakdown: 3 small, unique words and 2 patterns Entropy: about 45 bits, as per modified algorithm Password: correcthorsebatterystaple Tokenized: c o r r e c t h o r s e b a t t e r y s t a p l e Words Filtered: @W6783 @W7923 @W1535 @W2285 Breakdown: 4 small, unique words and no patterns Entropy: 43 bits, as per modified algorithm The exact semantics of how entropy is calculated from patterns is up for discussion. I was thinking something like: entropy(b) * l * (o + 1) // o will be either zero or one The modified algorithm would find flaws with and reduce the strength of each password in the original table, with the exception of s^fU¬5ü;y34G<, which contains no words or patterns.

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• processing of Group Policy failed only on 2008 Servers and Name Resolution failure on the current domain controller

  - by Ken Wolfrom

  Spent last 3 months doing a upgrade from 2003 domain to a 2008R2 domain. our last DC was rebuilt (5 total) and brought up on line. After it was put on line we have some 2008 and 2008R2 servers (10 now) getting these errors in the event logs. ERRORS Description: The processing of Group Policy failed. Windows could not resolve the user name. This could be caused by one of more of the following: a) Name Resolution failure on the current domain controller. b) Active Directory Replication Latency (an account created on another domain controller has not replicated to the current domain controller).\ Can duplicate this if we drop to command prompt and run GPUPDATE manually When our users attempt to do a \directory\shared access to shared drive on an affected server get this error.– “THERE ARE CURRETLY NO LOGON SERVER AVAIALBE TO SERICE THE LOGON REQUEST. This is only affecting the 2008 OS and it is a random set of abotu 10 servers out of some 30 with this OS. The Services on the machines are running Ok and login. Able to log in with domain/user to the consoles and via RDP. WE can log onto an affected machine, and can get to the \domainname\sysvol and can see the GPO's Have checked the replication topology of the domain and it states all servers can replicate with no errrors. We went back to the last DC, demoted it, removed DNS and then removed it from the domain and waited 24 hours and issue still persist. Picked one server, removed it from domain, reboooted, and added back to domain with no problems, but still has this behavior. bottom line is we have some servers that the domain will not let any UDP/client server apps or GPO's process ,but the tcp related items seeme to work fine, http, tcp calls, sql and oracle dbs's connect and process. Any inputs on some possible reasons for this issue and fixes. It is only affecting the 2008 servers on a 2008R2 domain.

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• WCF cross-domain policy security error

  - by George2

  Hello everyone, I am using VSTS 2008 + C# + WCF + .Net 3.5 + Silverlight 3.0. I host Silverlight control in an html page and debug it from VSTS 2008 (press F5, then run in VSTS 2008 built-in ASP.Net development web server), then call another WCF service (hosted in another machine running IIS 7.0 + Vista). The WCF service is very simple, just return a constant string to client. When invoking the WCF service from Silverlight, I got the following error message, An error occurred while trying to make a request to URI 'https://LabTest/Test.svc'. This could be due to attempting to access a service in a cross-domain way without a proper cross-domain policy in place, or a policy that is unsuitable for SOAP services. You may need to contact the owner of the service to publish a cross-domain policy file and to ensure it allows SOAP-related HTTP headers to be sent. This error may also be caused by using internal types in the web service proxy without using the InternalsVisibleToAttribute attribute. Please see the inner exception for more details. Here is the clientaccesspolicy.xml file, anything wrong? <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <access-policy> <cross-domain-access> <policy> <allow-from http-request-headers="*"> <domain uri="*"> </domain> </allow-from> <grant-to> <resource path="/" include-subpaths="true"></resource> </grant-to> </policy> </cross-domain-access> </access-policy> thanks in advance, George

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• Router 2wire, Slackware desktop in DMZ mode, iptables policy aginst ping, but still pingable

  - by skriatok

  I'm in DMZ mode, so I'm firewalling myself, stealthy all ok, but I get faulty test results from Shields Up that there are pings. Yesterday I couldn't make a connection to game servers work, because ping block was enabled (on the router). I disabled it, but this persists even due to my firewall. What is the connection between me and my router in DMZ mode (for my machine, there is bunch of others too behind router firewall)? When it allows router affecting if I'm pingable or not and if router has setting not blocking ping, rules in my iptables for this scenario do not work. Please ignore commented rules, I do uncomment them as I want. These two should do the job right? iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all Here are my iptables: #!/bin/sh # Begin /bin/firewall-start # Insert connection-tracking modules (not needed if built into the kernel). #modprobe ip_tables #modprobe iptable_filter #modprobe ip_conntrack #modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp #modprobe ipt_state #modprobe ipt_LOG # allow local-only connections iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # free output on any interface to any ip for any service # (equal to -P ACCEPT) iptables -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # permit answers on already established connections # and permit new connections related to established ones (eg active-ftp) iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT #Gamespy&NWN #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp -m multiport --ports 5120:5129 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 6667 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 28910 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 29900 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 29901 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 29920 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m multiport --ports 5120:5129 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 6500 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 27900 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 27901 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 29910 -j ACCEPT # Log everything else: What's Windows' latest exploitable vulnerability? iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-prefix "FIREWALL:INPUT" # set a sane policy: everything not accepted > /dev/null iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP # be verbose on dynamic ip-addresses (not needed in case of static IP) echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr # disable ExplicitCongestionNotification - too many routers are still # ignorant echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ecn #ping death echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all # If you are frequently accessing ftp-servers or enjoy chatting you might # notice certain delays because some implementations of these daemons have # the feature of querying an identd on your box for your username for # logging. Although there's really no harm in this, having an identd # running is not recommended because some implementations are known to be # vulnerable. # To avoid these delays you could reject the requests with a 'tcp-reset': #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 113 -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset #iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 113 -m state --state RELATED -j ACCEPT # To log and drop invalid packets, mostly harmless packets that came in # after netfilter's timeout, sometimes scans: #iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp -m state --state INVALID -j LOG --log-prefix \ "FIREWALL:INVALID" #iptables -I INPUT 2 -p tcp -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # End /bin/firewall-start Active ruleset: bash-4.1# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy DROP 38 packets, 2228 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 844 542K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 38 2228 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 LOG flags 0 level 4 prefix `FIREWALL:INPUT' 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 38 2228 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 LOG flags 0 level 4 prefix `FIREWALL:INPUT' Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1158 111K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Active ruleset: (after editing iptables into below sugested form) bash-4.1# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy DROP 2567 packets, 172K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 49 4157 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 412K 441M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 2567 172K LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 LOG flags 0 level 4 prefix `FIREWALL:INPUT' 0 0 DROP icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 8 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 312K packets, 25M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination ping and syslog simultaneous screenshots from phone (pinger) and from laptop (being pinged) http://dl.dropbox.com/u/4160051/slckwr/pingfrom%20mobile.jpg http://dl.dropbox.com/u/4160051/slckwr/tailsyslog.jpg

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• PHP: Safe way to store decryptable passwords

  - by Jammer

  I'm making an application in PHP and there is a requirement that it must be possible to decrypt the passwords in order to avoid problems in the future with switching user database to different system. What encryption/decryption algorithm would you suggest? Is it good idea to just store the encrypted value and then compare the future authentication attempts to that value? Are the passwords still as safe as MD5/SHA1 when the private key is not available to the attacker (Hidden in USB drive for example)? I should still use salting, right? What encryption libraries should I use for PHP?

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• Resrtict MS Access creation

  - by Rick

  Is it possible to restrict MS Access creation but still be able to view and execute Access files.

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• PAM Winbind Expired Password

  - by kernelpanic

  We've got Winbind/Kerberos setup on RHEL for AD authentication. Working fine however I noticed that when a password has expired, we get a warning but shell access is still granted. What's the proper way of handling this? Can we tell PAM to close the session once it sees the password has expired? Example: login as: ad-user [email protected]'s password: Warning: password has expired. [ad-user@server ~]$ Contents of /etc/pam.d/system-auth: auth required pam_env.so auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet auth sufficient pam_krb5.so use_first_pass auth sufficient pam_winbind.so use_first_pass auth required pam_deny.so account [default=2 success=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so quiet uid >= 10000000 account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup AD_Admins debug account requisite pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup AD_Developers debug account required pam_access.so account required pam_unix.so broken_shadow account sufficient pam_localuser.so account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_krb5.so account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_winbind.so account required pam_permit.so password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok password sufficient pam_krb5.so use_authtok password sufficient pam_winbind.so use_authtok password required pam_deny.so session [default=2 success=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so quiet uid >= 10000000 session sufficient pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup AD_Admins debug session requisite pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup AD_Developers debug session optional pam_mkhomedir.so umask=0077 skel=/etc/skel session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke session required pam_limits.so session optional pam_mkhomedir.so session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid session required pam_unix.so session optional pam_krb5.so

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• duplicity fail: not promping for password: "Running 'sftp user@host' failed"

  - by Thr4wn

  I have two linode VPS accounts and I want to back up one onto the other (the reasons are mainly for fun and to practice server administration.) the short version Duplicity isn't even asking for my password, but immediately says "invalid SSH password" (but I can ssh into the other server). why? the long version When I run duplicity /home/me scp://[email protected]//root/backup I get Invalid SSH password Running 'sftp [email protected]' failed (attempt #1) Invalid SSH password Running 'sftp [email protected]' failed (attempt #2) Invalid SSH password Running 'sftp [email protected]' failed (attempt #3) And it says Invalid SSH password immediately with no opportunity for me to actually type the password. When I type duplicity full -v9 --num-retries 4 /home/me scp://[email protected]//root/backup I get Main action: full Running 'sftp [email protected]' (attempt #1) State = sftp, Before = 'Connecting to 97.107.129.67... [email protected]'s' State = sftp, Before = '' Invalid SSH password Running 'sftp [email protected]' failed (attempt #1) I can ssh into [email protected] fine, and in fact have the ip in known_hosts before I tried any of this. serer 1 (from which I'm running the duplicity command) is Linode's default Ubuntu 8 setup with only a handful of programs installed via apt-get. server 2 (represented by x.x.x.x) is literally only Linode's default Ubuntu 8 setup I previously tried using SystemImager -- would that have changed settings in a destructive way? (I have removed and rebooted since then) Isn't Duplicity supposed to prompt for password? Am I using it wrong? are there common mistakes/dependencies I need to know about? Is there any way that x.x.x.x could be setup that could make this not work (I used Linode's default Ubuntu 8 setup and barely )?

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• Why was Oracle Enterprise Taxation Management renamed to Oracle Enterprise Taxation and Policy Management?

  - by Paula Speranza-Hadley

  Ø       Some of you may wonder why we changed the product name from Oracle Enterpraise Taxation Manament (ETM) to Oracle Enterprise and Policy Management(ETPM).   When Oracle added a limited use license for Oracle Policy Automation to the Oracle Enterprise Taxation Management license, the license was re-named to Oracle Enterprise Taxation and Policy Management.  Ø     When referring to versions 2.2 and prior, the proper name is Oracle Enterprise Taxation Management (ETM) Ø     When referring to versions 2.3 and later, the proper name is Oracle Enterprise and Policy Management (ETPM) Ø     To take advantage of the limited use license for Oracle Policy Automation, customers must transition from the ETM license to the ETPM license.  However, they can remain on their ETM license if they are not going to take advantage of Oracle Policy Automation features.  

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• How is the "change password at next logon" requirement supposed to work with RDP using Network Level Authentication?

  - by NReilingh

  We have a Windows server (2008 R2) with the "Remote Desktop Services" feature installed and no Active Directory domain. Remote desktop is set up to "Allow connections only from computers running Remote Desktop with Network Level Authentication (more secure)". This means that before the remote screen is displayed, the connection is authenticated in a "Windows Security: Enter your credentials" window. The only two role services installed on this server is the RD Session Host and Licensing. When the "User must change password at next logon" checkbox is selected in the properties for a local user on this server, the following displays on a client computer after attempting to connect using the credentials that were last valid: On some other servers using RDP for admin access (but without the Remote Desktop Services role installed), the behavior is different -- the session begins and the user is given a change password prompt on the remote screen. What do I need to do to replicate this behavior on the Remote Desktop Services server?

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• How to reset Administrator password Windows Server 2003 installed on Vmware?

  - by Cucumber

  I want to reset administrator password on Windows Server 2003. OS installed on VMware server VMware Server version 2.0.1. And problem is this: when i try to boot from live cd, after boot disk with Windows not detected. I tried to use Windows Admin Hack - Linux Boot; Hirens.BootCD.10.4; ophcrack-xp-livecd-2.3.1.iso None of these programs did not see the hard drive! Any ideas? Thank! ADD: I want to reset LOCAL admin password, not domain. And this computer are not domain controller.

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• OpenLDAP Password Expiration with pwdReset=TRUE?

  - by jsight

  I have configured the ppolicy overlay for OpenLDAP to enable password policies. These things work: Password lockouts on too many failed attempts Password Change required once pwdReset=TRUE added to user entry Password Expirations If the account is locked out due to intrusion attempts (too many bad passwords) or time (expiration time hit), the account must be reset by an administrator. However, when the administrator sets pwdReset=TRUE in the profile, this seems to also override the expiration policy. So, the password that the administrator sent out (which should be a temporary password) ends up being valid permanently. Is there a way in OpenLDAP to have a password that must be changed, but also MUST expire?

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• OpenLDAP Password Expiration with pwdReset=TRUE?

  - by jsight

  I have configured the ppolicy overlay for OpenLDAP to enable password policies. These things work: Password lockouts on too many failed attempts Password Change required once pwdReset=TRUE added to user entry Password Expirations If the account is locked out due to intrusion attempts (too many bad passwords) or time (expiration time hit), the account must be reset by an administrator. However, when the administrator sets pwdReset=TRUE in the profile, this seems to also override the expiration policy. So, the password that the administrator sent out (which should be a temporary password) ends up being valid permanently. Is there a way in OpenLDAP to have a password that must be changed, but also MUST expire?

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• Blackberry Gmail password change

  - by Highstead

  I've updated my gmail password and so i must update my blackberry password. I tried updating the email password to which i got the following message. Invalid email address or password. Please verify your email address and password. The information you provided is incorrect. If the error persists contact gmail.com (Your email provider). Please try again. I tried again, with what i know the password to be, with password show on. I've also deleted the account and tried to create it. I've tried going to the "Last account activity: XXXX details" menu and signing out all devices. I'm continually getting the above error, but the account activities don't seem to show any sign of a mobile attempt to access my mail account. Has anyone had this issue before and how did you sign it. Thanks in advance.

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• Update saved password for basic authentication using a script

  - by Kalamane

  I have a website that uses basic authentication as described on this webpage. Each of the computers I manage have the password saved in their browser. There is only one username and password for this. After someone logs in to the site this way, they are presented with their individual username and password prompt as part of the web page. The purpose of the initial username/password is to discourage non-technical employees that aren't supposed to be using the page from even viewing it. So far, when we've had to change this password, I've manually gone to each computer and updated the saved password. I'm writing a startup script to configure other aspects of these systems so that I can maintain them easier. I'd like to be able to update the saved password via this script. The operating system running on these machines is Windows XP SP3 and the browsers they're using to access this site are IE8 and IE9. How can I update the saved basic authentication information for a website via a script?

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• How to allow password protected start-stop-daemon functionality?

  - by Mahmoud Abdelkader

  I would like to use Ubuntu's start-stop-daemon to start my application, but the application protects some sensitive information, so I have a mechanism where the application prompts for a password that's then used to generate a hashkey, which is used as the secret key for a symmetric encryption (AES) to encrypt and decrypt things from a database. I'd like to daemonize this application and have it run from start-stop-daemon, so that sudo service appname stop and sudo service appname start would work, but, I'm not sure how to go about doing this with the added complexity of a password prompt. Is there something that supports this or do I have to program it from scratch? I figured I should ask first before re-inventing the wheel. Thanks in advance.

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• SSH only works after intentionally failed password

  - by pyraz

  So, I'm having a rather weird problem. I have a server, that when I try to SSH into, immediately closes the connection if I type in the correct password on the first attempt. However, if I purposefully enter a wrong password on the first attempt, and then enter a correct password at the second or third prompt, it successfully logs me into the computer. Similarly, when I try to use public key authentication, I get an immediate closed connection. If, however, I enter a wrong password for my key file, followed by another wrong password once it reverts to password authentication, I can successfully log in as long as I provide the correct password at the second or third prompt. The machine is running Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.2 (Santiago), and is using LDAP and PAM for authentication. Any ideas on where to start debugging this one? Let me know what config files I need to provide and I'll be happy to do so.

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• iPhone 3G backup encryption? I've never entered a password?

  - by Lewis

  I can't unclick or access my backup iPhone encrypted file. For the life of me I can not remember ever entering a password for the encrypted iPhone backups. I've tried every password I've used or use and nothing is working. I'm not getting anywhere with long searches online. Can anyone here help? iPhone 3.1.2 iTunes 9.1.1 Mac OSX 10.5.8 Please help, how do I get my iPhone backed up from my 'locked' file I've never locked?

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• How to set a password on a folder in Windows XP?

  - by karthik

  How do I to set a password for a folder in Windows XP?

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• How to Use a PIN Instead of a Password in Windows 8

  - by Taylor Gibb

  Entering your full password on a touch screen device can really become a pain in the neck, luckily for us we can link a short 4 digit PIN to our user account and log in with that instead. Note: PIN codes are nowhere near as safe as using an alphanumeric password, however, they do still have a purpose when you don’t want to enter your 15 character password on a touch screen device. Creating a PIN Press the Win + I keyboard combination to bring up the Settings Charm, then click on the Change PC settings link. This will open up the Modern UI PC Settings app, where you can click on the Users section. On the right hand side you will see a Create a PIN button, click on it. Now you will need to verify that you are the owner of this user account by entering your password. Then you can choose a PIN, remember that it can only contain digits. Now when you get to the login screen you will have the option to use a PIN. How To Boot Your Android Phone or Tablet Into Safe Mode HTG Explains: Does Your Android Phone Need an Antivirus? How To Use USB Drives With the Nexus 7 and Other Android Devices

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• SSH asks for password

  - by user1435470

  I have already : Installed the server Generated the pub/pri keys with -P "" Copied the id_rsa.pub to authorized_keys ssh localhost answered "yes", copied to known_hosts tried ssh localhost still asks for password Output: hduser@hduser1-desktop:~$ ssh -v localhost OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7, OpenSSL 0.9.8k 25 Mar 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to localhost [127.0.0.1] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/hduser/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: identity file /home/hduser/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian- 3ubuntu7 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'localhost' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/hduser/.ssh/known_hosts:3 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/hduser/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/hduser/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: password Any suggestions ? Cheers

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• network policy + WPA enterprise (tkip) Windows 2008 R2

  - by Aceth

  hi I've attempted the following guide and in a bit of a pickle. http://techblog.mirabito.net.au/?p=87 My main goal is to have a username / password based wireless authentication with active directory integration. I keep getting the error Network Policy Server denied access to a user. Contact the Network Policy Server administrator for more information. User: Security ID: domain\rhysbeta Account Name: rhysbeta Account Domain: domain Fully Qualified Account Name: domain\rhysbeta Client Machine: Security ID: NULL SID Account Name: - Fully Qualified Account Name: - OS-Version: - Called Station Identifier: 00-12-BF-00-71-3C:wirelessname Calling Station Identifier: 00-23-76-5D-1E-31 NAS: NAS IPv4 Address: 0.0.0.0 NAS IPv6 Address: - NAS Identifier: - NAS Port-Type: Wireless - IEEE 802.11 NAS Port: 2 RADIUS Client: Client Friendly Name: Belkin54g Client IP Address: x.x.x.10 Authentication Details: Connection Request Policy Name: Secure Wireless Connections Network Policy Name: Secure Wireless Connections Authentication Provider: Windows Authentication Server: srvr.example.com Authentication Type: EAP EAP Type: - Account Session Identifier: - Logging Results: Accounting information was written to the local log file. Reason Code: 22 Reason: The client could not be authenticated because the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) Type cannot be processed by the server. ` I would love to have it so that non domain devices

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• Disabling LDAP Signing on Windows PDC in Local Policy

  - by Golmaal

  I just tripped over my own feet it seems. Playing around on a Windows 2008 R2 server (set up as domain controller), I was intrigued by certain warning event (event id 2886) which says: "To enhance the security of directory servers, you can configure both Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) and Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) to require signed Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) binds." So I thoughtlessly did some Googling and set the relevant policies which enforce LDAP signing. Now I don't remember but I may have done that using Local Policy. Now I have setup a pfsense box which must authenticate AD users via LDAP. While the firewall can communicate over secure channel, it is difficult to manage the same for other packages such as Squid and SquidGuard. So now I have to disable i.e. undo those policy changes. The problem is that they are greyed out! The policies in question are LDAP server signing and LDAP client signing. I don't remember what I did but when I access these policies from Local Policy editor on the server, they are set to "Require Signing" and are greyed out. The same policies can still be set via Default Domain Controller option in Group Policy editor. So how can I reset these greyed out policies? Thanks

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• Password Cracking in 2010 and Beyond

  - by mttr

  I have looked a bit into cryptography and related matters during the last couple of days and am pretty confused by now. I have a question about password strength and am hoping that someone can clear up my confusion by sharing how they think through the following questions. I am becoming obsessed about these things, but need to spend my time otherwise :-) Let's assume we have an eight-digit password that consists of upper and lower-case alphabetic characters, numbers and common symbols. This means we have 8^96 ~= 7.2 quadrillion different possible passwords. As I understand there are at least two approaches to breaking this password. One is to try a brute-force attack where we try to guess each possible combination of characters. How many passwords can modern processors (in 2010, Core i7 Extreme for eg) guess per second (how many instructions does a single password guess take and why)? My guess would be that it takes a modern processor in the order of years to break such a password. Another approach would consist of obtaining a hash of my password as stored by operating systems and then search for collisions. Depending on the type of hash used, we might get the password a lot quicker than by the bruteforce attack. A number of questions about this: Is the assertion in the above sentence correct? How do I think about the time it takes to find collisions for MD4, MD5, etc. hashes? Where does my Snow Leopard store my password hash and what hashing algorithm does it use? And finally, regardless of the strength of file encryption using AES-128/256, the weak link is still my en/decryption password used. Even if breaking the ciphered text would take longer than the lifetime of the universe, a brute-force attack on my de/encryption password (guess password, then try to decrypt file, try next password...), might succeed a lot earlier than the end of the universe. Is that correct? I would be very grateful, if people could have mercy on me and help me think through these probably simple questions, so that I can get back to work.

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