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• varnish vs squid? caching solution

  - by alexus

  squid : Optimising Web Delivery - http://www.squid-cache.org/ Varnish : http://varnish-cache.org/ which one is better to use and why?

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• Making nginx withstand flood attacks

  - by Tiffany Walker

  How can I make it stand stand against attacks better? Are their plugins. Looking for a way to RATE LIMIT and remain up and not slow down. My Setup: user nobody; # no need for more workers in the proxy mode worker_processes 4; worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000; worker_priority -2; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info; worker_rlimit_nofile 40480; events { worker_connections 5120; # increase for busier servers use epoll; # you should use epoll here for Linux kernels 2.6.x } http { server_name_in_redirect off; server_names_hash_max_size 10240; server_names_hash_bucket_size 1024; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_tokens off; disable_symlinks if_not_owner; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 5; gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."; gzip_proxied any; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_comp_level 9; gzip_buffers 16 8k; # You can remove image/png image/x-icon image/gif image/jpeg if you have slow CPU gzip_types text/plain text/xml text/css application/x-javascript application/xml image/png image/x-icon image/gif image/jpeg application/xml+rss text/javascript application/atom+xml; ignore_invalid_headers on; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; reset_timedout_connection on; connection_pool_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 256k; large_client_header_buffers 4 256k; client_max_body_size 200M; client_body_buffer_size 128k; request_pool_size 32k; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; proxy_temp_path /tmp/nginx_proxy/; client_body_in_file_only on; log_format bytes_log "$msec $bytes_sent ."; include "/etc/nginx/vhosts/*"; } vhost file: server { error_log /var/log/nginx/vhost-error_log warn; listen 194.145.208.19:80; server_name ipxnow.in www.ipxnow.in; access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/ipxnow.in-bytes_log bytes_log; access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/ipxnow.in combined; root /home/ipxnowin/public_html; location / { location ~.*\.(3gp|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|ico|wmv|avi|asf|asx|mpg|mpeg|mp4|pls|mp3|mid|wav|swf|flv|html|htm|txt|js|css|exe|zip|tar|rar|gz|tgz|bz2|uha|7z|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|pdf|iso)$ { expires 7d; try_files $uri @backend; } error_page 405 = @backend; add_header X-Cache "HIT from Backend"; proxy_pass http://194.145.208.19:8081; include proxy.inc; } location @backend { internal; proxy_pass http://194.145.208.19:8081; include proxy.inc; } location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi|pl|py)?$ { proxy_pass http://194.145.208.19:8081; include proxy.inc; } location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } and proxy.inc: proxy_connect_timeout 59s; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_buffer_size 64k; proxy_buffers 16 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_pass_header Set-Cookie; proxy_redirect off; proxy_hide_header Vary; proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ''; proxy_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires; proxy_set_header Referer $http_referer; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

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• Setup proxy with Apache 2.4 on Mac 10.8

  - by Aptos

  I have 1 application (Java) that running on my local machine (localhost:9000). I want to setup Apache as a front end proxy thus I used following configuration in the httpd.conf: <Directory /> #Options FollowSymLinks Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI AllowOverride All Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> Listen 57173 LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so <VirtualHost *:9999> ProxyPreserveHost On ServerName project.play ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:9000/Login ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:9000/Login LogLevel debug </VirtualHost> ServerName localhost:57173 I change my vim /private/etc/hosts to: ## # Host Database # # localhost is used to configure the loopback interface # when the system is booting. Do not change this entry. ## 127.0.0.1 localhost 255.255.255.255 broadcasthost ::1 localhost fe80::1%lo0 localhost 127.0.0.1:9999 project.play and use dscacheutil -flushcache. The problem is that I can only access to localhost:57173, when I tried accessing http://project.play:9999, Chrome returns "Oops! Google Chrome could not find project.play:9999". Can somebody show me where I were wrong? Thank you very much P/S: When accessing localhost:9999 it returns The server made a boo boo.

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• PTR and A record must match?

  - by somecallmemike

  RFC 1912 Section 2.1 states the following: Make sure your PTR and A records match. For every IP address, there should be a matching PTR record in the in-addr.arpa domain. If a host is multi-homed, (more than one IP address) make sure that all IP addresses have a corresponding PTR record (not just the first one). Failure to have matching PTR and A records can cause loss of Internet services similar to not being registered in the DNS at all. Also, PTR records must point back to a valid A record, not a alias defined by a CNAME. It is highly recommended that you use some software which automates this checking, or generate your DNS data from a database which automatically creates consistent data. This does not make any sense to me, should an ISP keep matching A records for every PTR record? It seems to me that it's only important if the IP address that the PTR record describes is hosting a service that is sensitive to DNS being mismatched (such as email hosting). In that case the forward zone would be configured under a domain name (examples follow the format 'zone - record'): domain.tld -> mail IN A 1.2.3.4 And the PTR record would be configured to match: 3.2.1.in-addr.arpa -> 4 IN PTR mail.domain.tld. Would there be any reason for the ISP to host a forward lookup for an IP address on their network like this?: ispdomain.tld -> broadband-ip-1 IN A 1.2.3.4

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• how to set auto redirection in tomcat

  - by Registered User

  I have a site http://social.openitup.in right now what you are seeing is a default Tomcat6 page. I am using mod_ajp as a front end and Apache vhost configuration for same is <VirtualHost *:80 > ServerName social.openitup.in ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost ProxyRequests off <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyPass / ajp://192.168.1.19:8009/ ProxyPassReverse / ajp://192.168.1.19:8009/ </VirtualHost> How ever I have an application running on it http://social.openitup.in/olat what I want to do is when some one opens http://social.openitup.in then rather than seeing Tomcat6 home page from /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/ROOT/index.html the person is redirected to olat application which is in /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/olat how can this be achived? The above vhost configuration is on a machine separate than where OLAT is running.

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• Varnish does not start properly (crashes after startup) with no error messages

  - by Matthew Savage

  I am running Varnish (2.0.4 from the Ubuntu unstable apt repository, though I have also used the standard repository) in a test environment (Virtual Machines) on Ubuntu 9.10, soon to be 10.04. When I have a working configuration and the server starts successfully it seems like everything is fine, however if, for whatever reason, I stop and then restart the varnish daemon it doesn't always startup properly, and there are no errors going into syslog or messages to indicate what might be wrong. If I run varnish in debug mode (-d) and issue start when prompted then 7 times out of time it will run, but occasionally it will just shut down 'silently'. My startup command is (the $1 allows for me to pass -d to the script this lives in): varnishd -a :80 $1 \ -T 127.0.0.1:6082 \ -s malloc,1GB \ -f /home/deploy/mysite.vcl \ -u deploy \ -g deploy \ -p obj_workspace=4096 \ -p sess_workspace=262144 \ -p listen_depth=2048 \ -p overflow_max=2000 \ -p ping_interval=2 \ -p log_hashstring=off \ -h classic,5000009 \ -p thread_pool_max=1000 \ -p lru_interval=60 \ -p esi_syntax=0x00000003 \ -p sess_timeout=10 \ -p thread_pools=1 \ -p thread_pool_min=100 \ -p shm_workspace=32768 \ -p thread_pool_add_delay=1 and the VCL looks like this: # nginx/passenger server, HTTP:81 backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "81"; } sub vcl_recv { # Don't cache the /useradmin or /admin path if (req.url ~ "^/(useradmin|admin|session|sessions|login|members|logout|forgot_password)") { pipe; } # If cache is 'regenerating' then allow for old cache to be served set req.grace = 2m; # Forward to cache lookup lookup; } # This should be obvious sub vcl_hit { deliver; } sub vcl_fetch { # See link #16, allow for old cache serving set obj.grace = 2m; if (req.url ~ "\.(png|gif|jpg|swf|css|js)$") { deliver; } remove obj.http.Set-Cookie; remove obj.http.Etag; set obj.http.Cache-Control = "no-cache"; set obj.ttl = 7d; deliver; } Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated, this is driving me absolutely crazy, especially because its such an inconsistent behaviour.

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• Alias a Virtual Directory or Application as Root on IIS 7

  - by manyxcxi

  Our current IIS setup as two applications running on different paths at (for example) http://server/sub-a and http://server/sub-b. I want to alias http://server/sub-a as root so that just going to http://server/ will bring up the contents of sub-a. The problem I face is that when I initially set up a ReverseProxy it negatively affected http://server/sub-b. I know this is a fairly common problem- how have you solved it? 99.9% of my experience is with Apache, so I feel a tad lost in the GUI world of IIS.

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• Are there other application layer firewalls like Microfot TMG (ISA) that do advanced http rules?

  - by Bret Fisher

  Since the old days ISA and now TMG have had several great features that I often want to deploy to my customers because of the enhanced functionality and security, but often the cost of an additinal server HW, Windows Server, and TMG license is too much to justify when compaired to a $300-500 appliance. Are there other gateway firewalls that can perform one or more of these application layer features: pre-auth incoming http traffic against AD/LDAP before sending packets to internal server (forms auth or basic creds popup)? read host headers of incoming http traffic (even on https) to a single public IP and route packets to different internal servers based on that host header?

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• Route multiple subdomains on one external ip to multiple internal ips

  - by Abenil

  i have several subdomains(git.example.org, build.example.org, etc.), i have a router with an external ip and i have several virtual machines on a host computer with internal ips. Now i want to route git.example.org to internal ip 10.0.2.1 and build.example.org to internal ip 10.0.2.2. How can I do this? I setup in the Router that all traffic on port 80 is comming to my host computer with internal ip 10.0.2.3 and installed Squid on that computer. I added the following lines to the squid.conf file: cache_peer 10.0.2.1 parent 80 0 no-query originserver name=server_1 cache_peer_domain server_1 git.example.org cache_peer 10.0.2.2 parent 80 0 no-query originserver name=server_2 cache_peer_domain server_2 build.example.org But this is not working for me. :( Any help appreciated. Regards Nils Update: Here is the solution for Apache http://serverfault.com/a/273693

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• Nginx, proxy passing to Apache, and SSL

  - by Vic

  I have Nginx and Apache set up with Nginx proxy-passing everything to Apache except static resources. I have a server set up for port 80 like so: server { listen 80; server_name *.example1.com *.example2.com; [...] location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png|pdf|te?xt)$ { access_log off; expires max; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header Vary: Accept-Encoding; } location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf; } } And since we have multiple ssl sites (with different ssl certificates) I have a server{} block for each of them like so: server { listen 443 ssl; server_name *.example1.com; [...] location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png|pdf|te?xt)$ { access_log off; expires max; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header Vary: Accept-Encoding; } location / { proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:8443; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port 443; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; } } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name *.example2.com; [...] location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png|pdf|te?xt)$ { access_log off; expires max; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header Vary: Accept-Encoding; } location / { proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:8445; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port 443; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; } } First of all, I think there is a very obvious problem here, which is that I'm double-encrypting everything, first at the nginx level and then again by Apache. To make everything worse, I just started using Amazon's Elastic Load Balancer, so I added the certificate to the ELB and now SSL encryption is happening three times. That's gotta be horrible for performance. What is the sane way to handle this? Should I be forwarding https on the ELB - http on nginx - http on apache? Secondly, there is so much duplication above. Is the best method to not repeat myself to put all of the static asset handling in an include file and just include it in the server?

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• Apache + Tomcat: Which one should handle SSL? IP-based proxy forwarding?

  - by delirial

  We currently have a Tomcat application running with SSL on port 443. Right now we have an apache server that accepts http requests on port 80 and redirects to the Tomcat instance: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName domain.com ServerAlias domain.com <LocationMatch "/"> Redirect permanent / https://domain.com/ </LocationMatch> </VirtualHost> Tomcat is handling SSL, because there's no proxy, just a simple redirect to the SSL port: <Connector port="443" maxThreads="200" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true" keystoreFile="/app/ssl/domain_com.jks" keystorePass="ourpassword" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"/> We want to begin using the apache web server as a proxy and additionally, do per-IP redirects to certain apps that should only be used by hosts on a pre-determined IP range. We would also like to redirect IPs that don't match the pre-determined list to a static html page hosted on the apache server. My first question is: Should I continue to handle SSL on Tomcat's end, or should I use apache with SSL while forwarding to an "unprotected" tomcat port? Is there any way to redirect to different apps (and potentially hosts) depending on the incoming IP? thanks, del

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• VCL - configuration for Magento and Varnish 3.0.2

  - by Tomas

  I would like to kindly ask if there's someone who can help me configure Varnish for Magento to reach far more hits. My current ratio from varnishstat is: cache_hit=271 cache_miss=926 I'm kindly asking this because I've googled almost every site related to this theme, but 99.9% of configurations don't work because of outdated code. Details of my set-up: I use Varnish on port 80, Apache on port 81, PageCache as Magento varnish module, APC for PHP speed and Memcached for dynamic caching. Load speed is about 1.5s on home-page (Pingdom.com average results) USA ping & 2.5s Europe. Servers are located in Toronto, Canada. EDIT: This is my full VCL configuration http://pastebin.com/885BzHCs (I just use xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx for my IPs) This is the info from the command (varnishtop -i TxHeader -I Cookie): TxHeader Cookie: frontend=965b5...(*lots of numbers); adminhtml=3ae65...(*lots of numbers); EXTERNAL_NO_CACHE=1 "(*lots of numbers)" is just my adding to the info Any idea how to avoid Varnish hitting this cookies? (If I got correctly the idea about avoiding Vanrish hitting the cookie and not caching the home page). Thank you for any help!

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• Nginx proxy to Apache - resolve HTTP ORIGIN

  - by Fratyr

  I have a server setup with nginx serving static content and proxy all PHP/dynamic requests to apache on 127.0.0.1 I'm building an API for my databases, and I need to allow clients by their origin (domain name), rather than just IP. Based on CORS rules. So when I send an HTTP header header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: www.client-requesting.myapi.com"); from my API server, I have to tell it which origin I allow, otherwise client side requests won't work to my API due to same-origin policy. The question is how can I know which domain name (if any) called my API? What should be the nginx and apache configuration to pass the origin parameter? I tried to google, and all I found is some possible solution with mod_rpaf, but I wanted to be sure. Thanks!

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• Nginx proxy upstream cached?

  - by Julian H. Lam

  Attempting to resolve an issue that's been annoying me for a bit. I've distilled the symptoms into a set of reproducible steps: I have two sites, siteA, and siteB. They are both Node.js applications running on different ports (for the sake of example, 4567 and 4568) Both applications have their own file in sites_available (plus a symlink from sites_enabled), which contain the directives proxy_pass http://node_siteA/ and proxy_pass http://node_siteB/ respectively, inside of a location block. They also each have an upstream block (defined globally?): upstream node_siteA { upstream node_siteB { server 127.0.0.1:4567; server 127.0.0.1:4568; } } Site A and Site B have nothing to do with each other. Yes, I am restarting (reloading, actually) nginx every time I make a change. If I take down site B and attempt to access it via the web, I am served site A. Why is this? Thoughts Other times, when I create a new Site C, for example, nginx refuses to show me anything except "Welcome to nginx!" for ~5 minutes. This suggests a resolver timeout, perhaps? When I access Site B after its config has been deleted, and it sends me to Site A, this sounds like nginx sending me to servers in a round-robin fashion...

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• View a pdf with quick webview though apache proxy

  - by Musa

  I have a site(IIS) that is accessed via a proxy in apache(on an IBM i). This site serves PDFs which has quick web view and if I access a pdf directly from the IIS server the PDFs starts to display immediately but if I go through the proxy I have to wait until the entire pdf downloads before I can view it. In the apache config file I use ProxyPass /path/ http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/ <LocationMatch "/path/"> Header set Cache-Control "no-cache" </LocationMatch> I tried adding SetEnv proxy-sendcl to LocationMatch directive this had no effect. The PDFs that view quickly makes a lot of partial requests This is the initial request and response headers GET http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx.PDF HTTP/1.1 Host: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: no-cache Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 Pragma: no-cache User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:9.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/9.0.1 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Cookie: chocolatechip HTTP/1.1 200 OK Via: 1.1 xxxxxxxx Connection: Keep-Alive Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Length: 15330238 Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2014 12:48:31 GMT Content-Type: application/pdf ETag: "b6262940bbecf1:0" Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 Last-Modified: Fri, 22 Aug 2014 13:16:14 GMT Accept-Ranges: bytes X-Powered-By: ASP.NET This is a partial request and response GET http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx.PDF HTTP/1.1 Host: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:9.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/9.0.1 Accept: */* Referer: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xxxx.PDF Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Cookie: chocolatechip Range: bytes=0-32767 HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content Via: 1.1 xxxxxxxx Connection: Keep-Alive Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Length: 32768 Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2014 12:48:31 GMT Content-Range: bytes 0-32767/15330238 Content-Type: application/pdf ETag: "b6262940bbecf1:0" Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 Last-Modified: Fri, 22 Aug 2014 13:16:14 GMT Accept-Ranges: bytes X-Powered-By: ASP.NET These are the headers I get if I go through he proxy GET /path/xxx.PDF HTTP/1.1 Host: domain:xxxx Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: no-cache Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 Pragma: no-cache User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:9.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/9.0.1 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2014 13:28:42 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 Content-Type: application/pdf Last-Modified: Fri, 22 Aug 2014 13:16:14 GMT Accept-Ranges: bytes ETag: "b6262940bbecf1:0"-gzip X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Cache-Control: no-cache Expires: Thu, 24 Aug 2017 13:28:42 GMT Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Encoding: gzip Keep-Alive: timeout=300, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Transfer-Encoding: chunked I'm guessing its because the proxy uses Transfer-Encoding: chunked but I'm not sure and wasn't able to turn it off to check. Browser Chrome 36.0.1985.143 m Using the native PDF viewer Any help to get the pdf quick web view through the proxy working would be appreciated.

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• How to improve Varnish performance?

  - by Darkseal

  We're experiencing a strange problem with our current Varnish configuration. 4x Web Servers (IIS 6.5 on Windows 2003 Server, each installed on a Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5450 @ 3.00GHz Quad Core, 4GB RAM) 3x Varnish Servers (varnish-3.0.3 revision 9e6a70f on Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS - 64 bit/precise, Kernel Linux 3.2.0-29-generic, each installed on a Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5450 @ 3.00GHz Quad Core, 4GB RAM) The Varnish Servers performance are awfully bad in general, to the point that if we shut down one of them the other two are unable to fullfill all the requests and start to skip beats resulting in pending requests, timeouts, 404, etc. What can we do to improve our Varnish performance? Considering that we're getting less than 5k request per seconds during our max peak, we should be able to serve our pages even with a single one of them without any problem. We use a standard, vanilla CFG, as shown by this varnishadm param.show output: acceptor_sleep_decay 0.900000 [] acceptor_sleep_incr 0.001000 [s] acceptor_sleep_max 0.050000 [s] auto_restart on [bool] ban_dups on [bool] ban_lurker_sleep 0.010000 [s] between_bytes_timeout 60.000000 [s] cc_command "exec gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O2 -pthread -fpic -shared - Wl,-x -o %o %s" cli_buffer 8192 [bytes] cli_timeout 20 [seconds] clock_skew 10 [s] connect_timeout 0.700000 [s] critbit_cooloff 180.000000 [s] default_grace 10.000000 [seconds] default_keep 0.000000 [seconds] default_ttl 120.000000 [seconds] diag_bitmap 0x0 [bitmap] esi_syntax 0 [bitmap] expiry_sleep 1.000000 [seconds] fetch_chunksize 128 [kilobytes] fetch_maxchunksize 262144 [kilobytes] first_byte_timeout 60.000000 [s] group varnish (113) gzip_level 6 [] gzip_memlevel 8 [] gzip_stack_buffer 32768 [Bytes] gzip_tmp_space 0 [] gzip_window 15 [] http_gzip_support off [bool] http_max_hdr 64 [header lines] http_range_support on [bool] http_req_hdr_len 8192 [bytes] http_req_size 32768 [bytes] http_resp_hdr_len 8192 [bytes] http_resp_size 32768 [bytes] idle_send_timeout 60 [seconds] listen_address :80 listen_depth 1024 [connections] log_hashstring on [bool] log_local_address off [bool] lru_interval 2 [seconds] max_esi_depth 5 [levels] max_restarts 4 [restarts] nuke_limit 50 [allocations] pcre_match_limit 10000 [] pcre_match_limit_recursion 10000 [] ping_interval 3 [seconds] pipe_timeout 60 [seconds] prefer_ipv6 off [bool] queue_max 100 [%] rush_exponent 3 [requests per request] saintmode_threshold 10 [objects] send_timeout 600 [seconds] sess_timeout 5 [seconds] sess_workspace 16384 [bytes] session_linger 50 [ms] session_max 100000 [sessions] shm_reclen 255 [bytes] shm_workspace 8192 [bytes] shortlived 10.000000 [s] syslog_cli_traffic on [bool] thread_pool_add_delay 2 [milliseconds] thread_pool_add_threshold 2 [requests] thread_pool_fail_delay 200 [milliseconds] thread_pool_max 2000 [threads] thread_pool_min 5 [threads] thread_pool_purge_delay 1000 [milliseconds] thread_pool_stack unlimited [bytes] thread_pool_timeout 300 [seconds] thread_pool_workspace 65536 [bytes] thread_pools 2 [pools] thread_stats_rate 10 [requests] user varnish (106) vcc_err_unref on [bool] vcl_dir /etc/varnish vcl_trace off [bool] vmod_dir /usr/lib/varnish/vmods waiter default (epoll, poll) This is our default.vcl file: LINK sub vcl_recv { # BASIC recv COMMANDS: # # lookup -> search the item in the cache # pass -> always serve a fresh item (no-caching) # pipe -> like pass but ensures a direct-connection with the backend (no-cache AND no-proxy) # Allow the backend to serve up stale content if it is responding slow. # This defines when Varnish should use a stale object if it has one in the cache. set req.grace = 30s; if (client.ip == "127.0.0.1") { # request from NGINX - do not alter X-Forwarded-For set req.http.HTTPS = "on"; } else { # Add an X-Forwarded-For to keep track of original request unset req.http.HTTPS; unset req.http.X-Forwarded-For; set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip; } set req.backend = www_director; # Strip all cookies to force an anonymous request when the back-end servers are down. if (!req.backend.healthy) { unset req.http.Cookie; } ## HHTP Accept-Encoding if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { unset req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") { /* non-RFC2616 or CONNECT */ return (pipe); } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { /* only deal with GET and HEAD by default */ return (pass); } if (req.http.Authorization) { return (pass); } if (req.http.HTTPS ~ "on") { return (pass); } ###################################################### # COOKIE HANDLING ###################################################### # METHOD 1: do not remove cookies, but pass the page if they contain TB_NC if (!(req.url ~ "(?i)\.(png|gif|ipeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?[a-z0-9]+)?$")) { if (req.http.Cookie && req.http.Cookie ~ "TB_NC") { return (pass); } } return (lookup); } # Code determining what to do when serving items from the IIS Server sub vcl_fetch { unset beresp.http.Server; set beresp.http.Server = "Server-1"; # Allow items to be stale if needed. This is the maximum time Varnish should keep an object. set beresp.grace = 1h; if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.(png|gif|ipeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?[a-z0-9]+)?$") { unset beresp.http.set-cookie; } # Default Varnish VCL logic if (!beresp.cacheable || beresp.ttl <= 0s || beresp.http.Set-Cookie || beresp.http.Vary == "*") { set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # Not Cacheable if it has specific TB_NC no-caching cookie if (req.http.Cookie && req.http.Cookie ~ "TB_NC") { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO:Got Cookie"; set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # Not Cacheable if it has Cache-Control private else if (beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "private") { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO:Cache-Control=private"; set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # Not Cacheable if it has Cache-Control no-cache or Pragma no-cache else if (beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache" || beresp.http.Pragma ~ "no-cache") { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO:Cache-Control=no-cache (or pragma no-cache)"; set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # If we reach to this point, the object is cacheable. # Cacheable but with not enough ttl: we need to extend the lifetime of the object artificially # NOTE: Varnish default TTL is set in /etc/sysconfig/varnish # and can be checked using the following command: # varnishadm param.show default_ttl else if (beresp.ttl < 1s) { set beresp.ttl = 5s; set beresp.grace = 5s; set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "YES:FORCED"; } # Cacheable and with valid TTL. else { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "YES"; } # DEBUG INFO (Cookies) # set beresp.http.X-Cookie-Debug = "Request cookie: " + req.http.Cookie; return(deliver); } sub vcl_error { set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"; if (obj.status == 404) { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for the 404 page goes here --> "}; } else if (obj.status == 500) { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for the 500 page goes here --> "}; } else if (obj.status == 503) { if (req.restarts < 4) { return(restart); } else { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for the 503 page goes here --> "}; } } else { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for a generic error page goes here --> "}; } } sub vcl_deliver { if (obj.hits > 0) { set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT"; } else { set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS"; } } Thanks in advance,

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• nginx location rewrite but proxy_rewrite off

  - by Jan

  I'm trying to use nginx for proxying requests to my internal backend. My configuration reads as follows: location /Shibboleth.sso { proxy_pass internal-backend; # ip proxy_redirect off; } But, my redirects are always rewritten.. My backend returns a response like https://www.google.de/test and my browser receives https://www.mydomain.de/test How do I get nginx to just forward the response?

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• Squid stale-while-revalidate not working when max-age=0

  - by Wiliam

  Squid 2.7 always reaches backend, expected is to reach backend using stale-while-revalidate only when cache expires, not when client triggers max-age=0. Script: <?php header('Cache-Control: public, max-age=10, stale-if-error=200, stale-while-revalidate=500'); header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT"); sleep(2); die("OK"); And squid config: # http_port public_ip:port accel defaultsite= default hostname, if not provided http_port 80 accel defaultsite=mydomain.com # IP and port of your main application server (or multiple) cache_peer 127.0.0.1 parent 8000 0 no-query allow-miss originserver name=main # Do not tell the world that which squid version we're running httpd_suppress_version_string on # Remove the Caching Control header for upstream servers header_access Cache-Control deny all #header_access Last-Modified deny all # log all incoming traffic in Apache format logformat combined %>a %ui %un [%tl] "%rm %ru HTTP/%rv" %Hs %<st "%{Referer}>h" "%{User-Agent}>h" %Ss:%Sh access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.log combined all cache_effective_user squid refresh_pattern . 10080 90% 999999 ignore-no-cache override-expire ignore-private icp_port 0

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• Amazon EC2 Elastic Load Balancing - strategy for zero downtime server restart

  - by Yoga

  I have 5 web servers (Apache/mod_perl) behind Amazon EC2 Elastic Load Balancing, when I deploy codes to the web servers, I am doing this.. For each machine, shutdown the Apache Update the code Start over the server and proceed to the next server I think when my server is shutdown, ELB will not distribute request to my server, but how about the request still serving? I think a better approach is Stop accepting new request from ELB Sleep for sometimes, shutdown web server only if all requests are responded Update the codes Start the server again But how to perform (1) and (2) from my local sever? Do I need to use AWS API? or other easy way to do it? Thanks.

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• Apache: getting proxy, rewrite, and SSL to play nice

  - by Rich M

  Hi, I'm having loads of trouble trying to integrate proxy, rewrite, and SSL altogether in Apache 2. A brief history, my application runs on port 8080 and before adding SSL, I used proxy to strip the 8080 from the url's to and from the server. So instead of www.example.com:8080/myapp, the client app accessed everything via www.example.com/myapp Here was the conf the accomplished this: ProxyRequests Off <Proxy */myapp> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass /myapp http://www.example.com:8080/myapp ProxyPassReverse /myapp http://www.example.com:8080/myapp What I'm trying to do now is force all requests to myapp to be HTTPS, and then have those SSL requests follow the same proxy rules that strip out the port number as my application used to. Simply changing the ports 8080 to 8443 in the ProxyPass lines does not accomplish this. Unfortunately I'm not an expert in Apache, and my skills of trial and error are already reaching the end of the line. RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off RewriteRule myapp/* https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} ProxyRequests Off <Proxy */myapp> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> SSLProxyEngine on ProxyPass /myapp https://www.example.com:8443/mloyalty ProxyPassReverse /myapp https://www.example.com:8433/mloyalty As this stands, a request to anything on the server other than /myapp load fine with http. If I make a browser http request to /mypp it then redirects to https:// www.example.com:8443/myapp , which is not the desired behavior. Links within the application then resolve to https:// www.example.com/myapp/linkedPage , which is desirable. Browser requests (http and https) to anything one level beyond just /myapp ie. /myapp/mycontext resolve to https:// www.example.com/myapp/mycontext without the port. I'm not sure what other information there is for me to give, but I think my goals should be clear.

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• Can nginx be an mail proxy for a backend server that does not accept cleartext logins?

  - by 84104

  Can Nginx be an mail proxy for a backend server that does not accept cleartext logins? Preferably I'd like to know what directive to include so that it will invoke STARTTLS/STLS, but communication via IMAPS or POP3S is sufficient. relevant(?) section of nginx.conf mail { auth_http localhost:80/mailproxy/auth.php; proxy on; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_protocols TLSv1 SSLv3; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!ADH:!MD5:@STRENGTH; ssl_session_cache shared:TLSSL:16m; ssl_session_timeout 10m; ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/private/hostname.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/hostname.key; imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS"; server { protocol imap; listen 143; starttls on; } server { protocol imap; listen 993; ssl on; } pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER"; server { protocol pop3; listen 110; starttls on; pop3_auth plain; } server { protocol pop3; listen 995; ssl on; pop3_auth plain; } }

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• Can Haproxy deny a request by IP if its stick-table is full?

  - by bantic

  In my haproxy configs I'm setting a stick-table of size 5 that stores every incoming IP address (for 1 minute), and it is set as nopurge so new entries won't get stored in the table. What I'd like to have happen is that they would get denied, but that isn't happening. The stick-table line is: stick-table type ip size 5 expire 1m nopurge store gpc0 And the whole configs are: global maxconn 30000 ulimit-n 65536 log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 debug stats socket /var/run/haproxy.stat mode 600 level operator defaults mode http timeout connect 5000ms timeout client 50000ms timeout server 50000ms backend fragile_backend tcp-request content track-sc2 src stick-table type ip size 5 expire 1m nopurge store gpc0 server fragile_backend1 A.B.C.D:80 frontend http_proxy bind *:80 mode http option forwardfor default_backend fragile_backend I have confirmed (connecting to haproxy's stats using socat readline /var/run/haproxy.stat) that the stick-table fills up with 5 IP addresses, but then every request after that from a new IP just goes straight through -- it isn't added to the stick-table, nothing is removed from the stick-table, and the request is not denied. What I'd like to do is deny the request if the stick-table is full. Is this possible? I'm using haproxy 1.5.

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• Establish connection with an IP camera behind a modem-router assigned with a private IP by Internet Service Provider?

  - by silvernightstar

  Most solutions out there require the modem-router to have been assigned a public IP by the ISP. After which, one can access the IP camera via a portforward setting on the router. However, my ISP only provides private IPs internal to their system (they probably have a limited pool of public IPs). So I am unable to view my IP cameras in the way described. I'm wondering if there's a way to work around this problem without having to need a public IP. Since, after all, two users on Yahoo Messenger or Facebook Chat are able to find one another and exchange data despite both sides being within the internal networks of their respective ISPs. Given that I only plan to view my IP cameras via iOS or Android running on a smartphone or tablet, any ready-to-use solutions out there?

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• For a particular domain, how can I cache its JSON responses locally?

  - by Chris

  I'm coding the frontend of a web app that uses XHR to grab JSON data from a 3rd party. The 3rd party service is slow and because of its API design, we need to make a LOT of API requests every time I refresh the page to test some new code. It's making the development loop painful. The requests are GETs, POSTs and PUTs even though I'm pretty sure none of the requests are changing state. I want to go to localhost for the JSON rather than to this 3rd party API - simply to make my development process faster.

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• What alternative is there to Nginx that supports http keep-alive between backends ?

  - by felace

  Hi. I recently asked a question about how to keep a backend connection persistent using Nginx, but found out it wasn't possible anyway, It is an HTTP/1.0 proxy without the ability for keep-alive requests yet. (As a result, backend connections are created and destroyed on every request.) It works all fine right now (since the connection between client and Nginx is kept alive and the result is simply the same), but I don't want to establish a new connection every single time a new request is received ,even if it's on a unix domain socket. So, what software (preferably open-source and not too tedious to configure) do you recommend to accomplish that such connections ?

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