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• Home Server: cpu virtualisation, what to choose?

  - by Huygens

  I'm looking for virtualisation solutions for storage and OS for a home server. A sort of private cloud where I manage the storage space independently of the VM one. This question focus on VM (or compute instance) management and what would best suit my needs. (I have another question related to the storage management). My use cases are: A backup server: rsync and other services running. A personal cloud server: a kind of owned dropbox system, à la ownCloud. " users foreseen. A media server: streaming videos and displaying photos. Here my environement and wishes: Server: HP Proliant MicroServer with 8 GB RAM (AMD Turion dual core with AMD-V technology) OS types: only Linux (perhaps a *BSD VM in the future) Linux distributions do not matter, I'm familiar with RHEL, Fedora, Suse, Ubuntu, but any other recommandation will be fine 2-3 VMs foreseen: backup server, owncloud server and media server (optional). Those are only servers, so no graphical console needed (I don't need VirtualBox) By VM I mean a virtualised environment like KVM, Xen, etc. or a compute instance like with OpenStack storage should be "virtualised/cloudified" see my other question. VM should be able to be migrated to another server in the future if performance cannot be fullfilled anymore by the current server It does not matter if installation of such setup is complicated as long as management tools allow for easy maintenance I don't have Windows at home, so solution should be Linux friendly and would be nice to be web based. But native apps are OK too. System should be easy to enhance: by adding a new server to migate some of the VMs to it. So it's really a kind of private cloud on which I could run some Linux OS. I would prefer free (libre, as in a free speach) and open source tools. But it does not have to be free as in a free beer. So Xen, KVM, VitualBox or OpenStack? What would you recommend?

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• Does the OSS Backup Solution amanda.org support sparse files?

  - by user97961

  I want to (or better have to) do Backups of my KVM Virtual Machine images. I have searched for days for a good Backup Soloution. I know amanda is a very good solution. It would be kinf if someone kenn tell me if the following is supported: Trigger the Creation of LVM Snapshot (by invoking a Shell Script that I will write for that purpose) Do a Differential/Delta Backup on my KVM LVM qcow2 sparse file. = I only want to copy the actually changed bits/bytes (=Delta Backup). And it has to support that the file to be backuped up is a sparse file. (Rsync seems to have some kind of problems in regard to this (if the file does not exist yet on the other side... Then it will create a full file, not a sparse file)) Release the LVM Snapshot (By invoking a Script that I will write for that purpose) It's strange, I have nowhere found any documentation about this fact when searching the internet. Zmanda (Commercial Edition) has support vom XEN VM Backup (but not for KVM as far as I can tell)...

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• Why would I need a firewall if my server is well configured?

  - by Aitch

  I admin a handful of cloud-based (VPS) servers for the company I work for. The servers are minimal ubuntu installs that run bits of LAMP stacks / inbound data collection (rsync). The data is large but not personal, financial or anything like that (ie not that interesting) Clearly on here people are forever asking about configuring firewalls and such like. I use a bunch of approaches to secure the servers, for example (but not restricted to) ssh on non standard ports; no password typing, only known ssh keys from known ips for login etc https, and restricted shells (rssh) generally only from known keys/ips servers are minimal, up to date and patched regularly use things like rkhunter, cfengine, lynis denyhosts etc for monitoring I have extensive experience of unix sys admin. I'm confident I know what I'm doing in my setups. I configure /etc files. I have never felt a compelling need to install stuff like firewalls: iptables etc. Put aside for a moment the issues of physical security of the VPS. Q? I can't decide whether I am being naive or the incremental protection a fw might offer is worth the effort of learning / installing and the additional complexity (packages, config files, possible support etc) on the servers. To date (touch wood) I've never had any problems with security but I am not complacent about it either.

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• Find slow network nodes between two data centers

  - by 2called-chaos

  I've got a problem with syncing big amount of data between two data centers. Both machines have got a gigabit connection and are not fully occupied but the fastest that I am able to get is something between 6 and 10 Mbit = not acceptable! Yesterday I made some traceroute which indicates huge load on a LEVEL3 router but the problem exists for weeks now and the high response time is gone (20ms instead of 300ms). How can I trace this to find the actual slow node? Thought about a traceroute with bigger packages but will this work? In addition this problem might not be related to one of our servers as there are much higher transmission rates to other servers or clients. Actually office = server is faster than server <= server! Any idea is appreciated ;) Update We actually use rsync over ssh to copy the files. As encryption tends to have more bottlenecks I tried a HTTP request but unfortunately it is just as slow. We have a SLA with one of the data centers. They said they already tried to change the routing because they say this is related to a cheap network where the traffic gets routed through. It is true that it will route through a "cheapnet" but only the other way around. Our direction goes through LEVEL3 and the other way goes through lambdanet (which they said is not a good network). If I got it right (I'm a network intermediate) they simulated a longer path to force routing through LEVEL3 and they announce LEVEL3 in the AS path. I basically want to know if they're right or they're just trying to abdicate their responsibility. The thing is that the problem exists in both directions (while different routes), so I think it is in the responsibility of our hoster. And honestly, I don't believe that there is a DC2DC connection which only can handle 600kb/s - 1,5 MB/s for weeks! The question is how to detect WHERE this bottleneck is

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• Faking a Linux environment without chroot

  - by Pascal

  For a university project I want to test a C++11 program on a 32-core machine. Unfortunately the machine has Ubuntu 12.04 with GCC 4.6 installed (we need GCC 4.7 because of some C++11 threading features). In such an environment I would normally run a chroot with a custom linux (say a debootstrap with Ubuntu 12.10). Since we don't get root access on the machine we can't use chroot. So far I have prepared a run-time environment using debootstrap for our code, I compiled it in the debootstrap environemnt. Then copied it onto the server (using rsync). In order to run our C++ code I set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH to export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/debootstrap/usr/lib/:~/debootstrap/lib64/:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:~/debootstrap/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH and so far our code seems to run. I'm however stuck with our python code. It doesn't seem to be sufficient to set the paths manually. export PYTHONPATH=~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload:~/debootstrap/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0:~/debootstrap/usr/lib/python2.7 Executing our script results in ImportError: No module named _path Is there an easier way to accomplish a "fake"-chroot than just overriding and creating environment variables? Note I need python since we created a custom C++-Python module in order to run our tests. Maybe I should create two questions from this.

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• What is the best private cloud storage setup

  - by vdrmrt

  I need to create a private cloud and I'm searching for the best setup. These are my 2 most important requirements 1. Disk and system redundant 2. Price / GB as low as possible The system is going to be used as backup setup which will receive data 24/7 over SFTP and rsync. High throughput is not that important. I'm planning to use glusterfs and consumer grade 4TB hard-drives. I have worked out 3 possible setups 3 servers with 11 4TB HDD Setup up a replica 3 glusterfs and setup each hard drive as a separate ext4 brick. Total capacity: 44TB HDD / TB ratio of 0.75 (33HDD / 44TB) 2 servers with 11 4TB HDD The 11 hard-drives are combined in a RAIDZ3 ZFS storage pool. With a replica 2 gluster setup. Total capacity: 32TB (+ zfs compression) HDD / TB ratio of 0.68 (22HDD / 32TB) 3 servers with 11 4TB consumer hard-drives Setup up a replica 3 glusterfs and setup each hard-drive as a separate zfs storage pool and export each pool as a brick. Total capacity: 32TB (+ zfs compression) HDD / TB ratio of 0.68 (22HDD / 32TB) (Cheapest) My remarks and concerns: If a hard drive fails which setup will recover the quickest? In my opinion setup 1 and 3 because there only the contents of 1 hard-drive needs to be copied over the network. Instead of setup 2 were the hard-drive needs te be reconstructed by reading the parity of all the other harddrives in the system. Will a zfs pool on 1 harddrive give me extra protection against for example bit rot? With setup 1 and 3 I can loose 2 systems and still be up and running with setup 2 I can only loose 1 system. When I use ZFS I can enable compression which will give me some extra storage.

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• Generalized strategy for file server virtualization in Xenserver

  - by Jamie

  I'm not shopping as much as I'm looking for some guidance on good idea / bad idea strategies. I'm sure I'm not in the "best practices" budget range. Currently, I have 3 dell poweredges running xenserver in a pool. Each node has a ubuntu file server, serving about 6TB. One is the primary, the other two are rsync targets for backup. The 6TB is stored on their respective local storage disks as an LVM of 3x2tb virtual disks. The fileserver VM disks are also stored on the node local disks. Each node also runs a smattering of light-weight VMs for web, development, windows VMs, and stuff like that. Several of those VM's disks reside on a QNAP NAS to play with live migration. These VM's are often clients of the primary file server (like all the mail, web content, user files are stored on the file server, not on the mail, web, and samba VMs). This all works fine, and is a major step up for us. The downside is that the QNAP is a single point of failure. And the only thing the QNAP is doing is serving migratable VM images, not client data. Someday the poweredge local arrays will be full, and we will have to reinvent ourselves again. Is it wise to have heavywieght vms (like the fileserver, with its 6+ TB disks) on a SAN or NAS? Would it be better to keep the VMs lightweight, have the VM images on a SAN or NAS, and use 2 or more NAS act as NFS-serving file appliances? A hybrid SAN/NAS that can serve iscsi for images and NFS for the client vms? It seems like live-magration would be a misnomer if you have to migrate a fileserver with its entire 6+ TB disk. I recognize there are plenty of ways to skin the cat. We've already skinned it a few ways. What makes sense?

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• Compressing and copying large files on Windows Server?

  - by Aaron

  I've been having a hard time copying large database backups from the database server to a test box at another site. I'm open to any ideas that would help me get this database moved without having to resort to a USB hard drive and the mail. The database server is running Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise, 16 GB of RAM and two quad-core 3.0 GHz Xeon X5450s. Files are SQL Server 2005 backup files between 100 GB and 250 GB. The pipe is not the fastest and SQL Server backup files typically compress down to 10-40% of the original, so it made sense to me to compress the files first. I've tried a number of methods, including: gzip 1.2.4 (UnxUtils) and 1.3.12 (GnuWin) bzip2 1.0.1 (UnxUtils) and 1.0.5 (Cygwin) WinRAR 3.90 7-Zip 4.65 (7za.exe) I've attempted to use WinRAR and 7-Zip options for splitting into multiple segments. 7za.exe has worked well for me for database backups on another server, which has ~50 GB backups. I've also tried splitting the .BAK file first with various utilities and compressing the resulting segments. No joy with that approach either- no matter the tool I've tried, it ends up butting against the size of the file. Especially frustrating is that I've transferred files of similar size on Unix boxes without problems using rsync+ssh. Installing an SSH server is not an option for the situation I'm in, unfortunately. For example, this is how 7-Zip dies: H:\dbatmp>7za.exe a -t7z -v250m -mx3 h:\dbatmp\zip\db-20100419_1228.7z h:\dbatmp\db-20100419_1228.bak 7-Zip (A) 4.65 Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Igor Pavlov 2009-02-03 Scanning Creating archive h:\dbatmp\zip\db-20100419_1228.7z Compressing db-20100419_1228.bak System error: Unspecified error

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• How do you optimize your Outlook Exchange + IMAP setup?

  - by Mike

  My company provides an Outlook/Exchange account we must use for mail/calendar. Like many companies, they unfortunately also provide a ridiculously small mail quota. I got tired of managing and backing up .pst files (since I'm always in my e-mail there is never a good time to back it up), so I started storing my archived mail "in the cloud", using an IMAP server I set up on my Linux box. This has a few drawbacks for me: IMAP (at least the implementation in Outlook) is *very slow*. Furthermore, if I move a large number of messages to the IMAP server, it blocks the entire Outlook client for hours sometimes, which is quite annoying. Can't use exchange over HTTP to do mail without launching a VPN session, because the client-side rules I have which organize my mail fail and disable the rule if the IMAP server can't be reached. If I reply to a message from my IMAP store, I have to specify a SMTP server willing to relay for me in order to send e-mail, unless I always remember to select my Exchange account while composing e-mail. ... but the main advantage of being very easy to back up, with a couple of cron jobs that essentially do an 'rsync'. Short of moving the IMAP server to my local host (which seem like might have the same file locking problems as using a .pst), my options seem limited for solving (1). I'd like to come up with a solution for (2) and (3) though. For problem (2) would it be possible to somehow tell Outlook that the IMAP server is "offline", and have it synchronize my changes during a periodic "send and receive"? If so, I wonder if it would block the Outlook client, like it does in problem (1), and if it would be compatible with the client-only rules I use to sort my mail into folders. I've looked all over the options menu and have not found a way to tell Outlook to not use a certain account for sending mail, which would solve (3). Is anyone else crazy enough to be doing something like this? Any ideas?

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• Liked Arch Linux - but I am still not sure if its the right distro for me...

  - by BlackAndGold

  As the title says... I used Arch Linux for a while and liked it a lot: leightweight, sleek, fast and well documented with a great community. However I had to format my hd and for the sake of being too lazy to reinstall arch, I used windows 7 exclusively for a while. Now I want to get back to linux again (still dual boot), mainly for web development purposes and using handy tools such as rsync ect. Again, I liked Arch, but there is too much tweeking, too much reading up and too much figuring out what to do as well es some bad suprises especially when you need them the least and when just quickly want to get some work done. I kind of would like to have a little more "out of the box" distro that is still fast and somewhat leighweight and of course reliable. I actually considered Ubuntu, which I am not too big of a fan of, but I will still give the minimal install a shot. However other distros seem interesting as well, such as crunchbang and mint debian ecpecially. My question, hoping this isn't too boring for many you, what is the right distro for me?

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• Poor write performance on Debian server running NFS with 22TB exported JFS filesystem

  - by user143546

  I am currently running a debian server that is exporting a large JFS filesystem (22TB) over NFS (nfs-kernel-server.) When attempting to write to the NFS share, the performance is very poor. The 22TB disk is sitting on a NAS mounted using iSCSI. It will bust for a moment near expected line speed, and then sit idle for several seconds. Very little traffic measured in the low kb/sec. The wait peeks on write. When reading from the NFS mount, the system operates at expected speeds (11MB/sec). The issue does not occur when using SFTP, rsync, or local coping (non-nfs). The issue persists between stable and testing releases. On the same machine I have a 14TB ext4 filesystem using the exact same export configuration that does not share the issue. This share is not in regular use and thus not consuming resources. NFS Server: cat /etc/exports /data2 10.1.20.86(rw,no_subtree_check,async,all_squash) cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler noop [deadline] cfq cat /etc/default/nfs-kernel-server RPCNFSDCOUNT=8 RPCNFSDPRIORITY=0 RPCMOUNTDOPTS=--manage-gids NEED_SVCGSSD= RPCSVCGSSDOPTS= NFS Client: cat /etc/fstab 10.1.20.100:/data2 /root/incoming nfs rw,noatime,soft,intr,noacl 0 2 cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler noop [deadline] cfq cat /proc/mounts 10.1.20.100:/data2/ /root/incoming nfs4 rw,noatime,vers=4,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,soft,proto=tcp,port=0,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.1.20.86,minorversion=0,addr=10.1.20.100 0 0 This problem has me pretty stumped. Any help would be greatly welcomed. Thanks.

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• Please help to find a solution for two way, real-time synchronization on Centos 5.5 64Bit

  - by Vipul Limbachiya

  I am in need of a real time, two way synchronization software for Centos 5.5 / 64Bit. Here's little explanation: It needs to be able to perform: Two way synchronization. It must be realtime. By realtime means it can be almost realtime, i.e. a delay of 1 second for example is fine. And the folders are on the same server. I am currently using GlusterFS across two webservers. However, it has extremely poor small file read performance and it's slowing down my website. There's nothing more that can be done to improve this, I have already tested many configurations. As a solution, I was going to mount a RAM drive (tmpfs) that mirrors the GlusterFS web files but get the webserver to use the RAM drive. The issue is that I need two way realtime mirroring or replication between glusterfs and the RAM drive. I need this is as Apache writes files as wells. As I said, realtime two way synchronization across two folders. Which are in fact 2 different mounts points. The RAM (tmpfs) mount poing and the GlusterFS mount point. I already know about: Rsync - Which is one way Unison - Which is not realtime Please suggest me any solution free or paid. Thanks in advance

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• how do I fix a wrong UUID in grub.cfg?

  - by mozerella

  I run Debian Wheezy alone on my PC and I recently copied the root partition to another with rsync as I found that worked well (I also know about dd and ddrescue but they leave unusable space on the new partition). I generated a new random UUID for the new partition with sudo tune2fs -U random /dev/hda9 and also updated fstab / and /home entries. Then as I know so little about GRUB I used a gui (GRUB Customizer) to probe for the new OS and add an entry to GRUB and the MBR -it makes an /etc/grub.d entry then updates GRUB. On startup, the GRUB list contains the new OS (on sda9) but it boots the first OS (which I copied from -sda5). /boot/grub/grub.cfg contains the new debian OS but it looks like this set root='(hd0,msdos9)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 64662470-0e58-4dfd-90ac-43227d773556 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-2-amd64 root=UUID=cc3bca0d-aee4-4b9c-95c2-57212cc36d4d ro quiet initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-2-amd64 the 1st uuid is of sda9, but the 2nd uuid there is of sda5. I can change the 2nd uuid at startup (with E) and it boots sda9. So how can I get grub.cfg corrected so that the sda9 GRUB list entry boots from sda9 permanently?

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• How can I automatically synchronize a directory tree on multiple machines?

  - by Blacklight Shining

  I have two Mac laptops and a Debian server, each with a directory that I would like to keep in sync between the three. The solution should meet the following criteria (in rough order of importance): It must not use any third-party service (e.g. Dropbox, SugarSync, Google whatever). This does not include installing additional software (as long as it's free). It must not require me to use specific directories or change my way of storing things. (Dropbox does this IIRC) It must work in all directions (changes made on /any/ machine should be pushed to the others) All data sent must be encrypted (I have ssh keypairs set up already) It must work even when not all machines are available (changes should be pushed to a machine when it comes back online) It must work even when the /directories/ on some machines are not available (they may be stored on disk images which will not always be mounted) This can be solved for Macs by using launchd to automatically launch and kill (or in some way change the behavior of) whatever daemon is used for syncing when the images are mounted and unmounted. It must be immediate (using an event-based system, not a periodic one like cron) It must be flexible (if more machines are added, I should be able to incorporate them easily) I also have some preferences that I would like to be fulfilled, but do not have to be: It should notify me somehow if there are conflicts or other errors. It should recognize symbolic and hard links and create corresponding ones. It should allow me to create a list of exceptions (subdirectories which will not be synced at all). It should not require me to set up port forwarding or otherwise reconfigure a network. This can be solved by using an ssh tunnel with reverse port forwarding. If you have a solution that meets some, but not all of the criteria, please contribute it in the comments as it might be useful in some way, and it might be possible to meet some of the criteria separately. What I tried, and why it didn't work: rsync and lsyncd do not support bidirectional synchronization csync2 is designed for server clusters and does not appear to work with machines with dynamic IPs DRBD (suggested by amotzg) involves installing a kernel module and does not appear to work on systems running OS X

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• pfsense 2.0 traffic priority - set full priority for single host

  - by Waxhead

  I have a network with several computers all on the same network and since I have very limited bandwidth I would like to prioritize traffic almost like a CPU scheduler prioritize processes. Example: Computer A: Used for webstuff: YouTube, downloads, news, emails etc. Computer B: Transferring files over HTTP Computer C: Transferring files over ftp, rsync whatever What I would like to do is to give A up to for example 90% of the available bandwidth IF A requires it. The leftovers (10%) is divided between B and C (5% each if both is busy) If A is not utilizing all bandwidth then of course B and C should share the full bandwidth (50% each as long as both are maxing out their bandwidth). All computers are on the same network (192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1-10 for example). Appreciate if anyone could shed some light on how I should set up my network to achieve this. To be honest I actually need a step by step guide on how I should set this up. Network setup: (ADSL modem configured in bridge mode (1500kbps/300kbps)) [ADSL modem (bridge)]<-[pfsense2.0]<-[switch]<-[Computer A,B,C...etc]

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• How to access original files from before a symlink gets updated, which have since been moved to another dir

  - by Luke Cousins

  We have a website and our deployment process goes somewhat like the following (with lots of irrelevant steps excluded) echo "Remove previous, if it exists, we don't need that anymore" rm -rf /home/[XXX]/php_code/previous echo "Create the current dir if it doesn't exist (just in case this is the first deploy to this server)" mkdir -p /home/[XXX]/php_code/current echo "Create the var_www dir if it doesn't exist (just in case this is the first deploy to this server)" mkdir -p /home/[XXX]/var_www echo "Copy current to previous so we can use temporarily" cp -R /home/[XXX]/php_code/current/* /home/[XXX]/php_code/previous/ echo "Atomically swap the symbolic link to use previous instead of current" ln -s /home/[XXX]/php_code/previous /home/[XXX]/var_www/live_tmp && mv -Tf /home/[XXX]/var_www/live_tmp /home/[XXX]/var_www/live # Rsync latest code into the current dir, code not shown here echo "Atomically swap the symbolic link to use current instead of previous" ln -s /home/[XXX]/php_code/current /home/[XXX]/var_www/live_tmp && mv -Tf /home/[XXX]/var_www/live_tmp /home/[XXX]/var_www/live The problem we are having and would like help with is that, the first thing any website page load does is work out the base dir of the application and define it as a constant (we use PHP). If then during that page load a deployment occurs, the system tries to include() a file using the original full path and will get the new version of that file. We need it to get the old one from the old dir which has now moved as in: System starts page load and determines SYSTEM_ROOT_PATH constant to be /home/[XXX]/var_www/live or by using PHP's realpath() it could be /home/[XXX]/php_code/current. Symlink for /home/[XXX]/var_www/live get updated to point to /home/[XXX]/php_code/previous instead of /home/[XXX]/php_code/current where it did originally. System tries to load /home/[XXX]/var_www/live/something.php and gets /home/[XXX]/php_code/current/something.php instead of /home/[XXX]/php_code/previous/something.php I'm sorry if that is not explained very well. I'd really appreciate some ideas on how to get around this problem if someone can. Thank you.

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• Advice for UPC/Surge Protector in home office

  - by Fred

  I'm just starting out as an independant developer, mostly Unix stuff with some Windows thrown in occasionally. I've been running two machines, a linux and a windows dev machine. Long story short, we had a bad storm come through last week and I unplugged one machine, forgot to unplug the other and the p/s and mobo ended up dead. Luckily I backup to an external service religiously (rsync.net for anyone interested), so there was no loss in data, but it did show me a glaring hole in my current setup, namely, lack of UPC and Surge Protection (this has honestly never been an issue before). Can anyone recommend a UPC/Surge Protector for a home office? It only needs to support a single machine (I opted to use vmware instead of rebuilding that machine), but it's a quad core Phenom 2 with a 1k watt p/s. This is outside my experience so I thought I'd get some input from others. I'm looking for something that's reasonably priced and does the job reasonably well. I don't need absolute 100% uptime, just something to protect my PC better than it is now.

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• Synchronize folder on network, preserving hard links

  - by Waleed Hamra

  I have few computers using Windows XP Pro. I want to synchronize/back a folder from one machine, to another one. This far, It's a simple problem, and I've used FreeFileSync for such operations, with very satisfactory results. But, this all changes when hard links come into play. Today's folder contains lots of hard links, using such backup programs will result in hard links being treated as multiple files, and copied as such, greatly increasing folder size on destination, and defeating the purpose of using all these hard links in the first place. It gets more complicated when we take into consideration the fact that network shares on Windows DON'T expose hard linking facilities, meaning that running a hard-link-aware tool like rsync using --hard-links will be of no use. So my question, how can i backup my folder to the other computer, while preserving hard links? I don't mind installing 3rd party tools to do it, as obviously, the standard windows shares approach won't work... I am guessing there might be some tool that can be installed on both machines and works in a server/client mode? anyone has any idea how to do this?

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• WAN Optimization for Small Office/Home Office

  - by TiernanO

  I have been reading up on WAN optimization for the last while, mostly out of interest of speeding up my own internet connections, but also to speed up the office internet connection. At home, I have 2 cable modems plugged into a RouterBoard RB750, which load balances the connections. In the office, we have a single connection into a NetGear router. Most of the WAN Optimization products I have seen, seem to be prohibitively expensive, but also seem to be based on the idea of having multiple branches around the world. What I am looking for, ideally, is as follows: software install: I am "guessing" I need to install it in 2 places: one in the office or house, and one in "the cloud". any connections going to, say, The US (we are in Europe, but our backup's live in the US currently, which would be something important to speed up) would be "tunnelled" though the Optimizer. If downloading or uploading large files, open multiple connections between both "the cloud" and the optimizer... This is where a lot of speed could be gained. finally, for items not compressed, they would be compressed on the cloud side of things, also items that are already on the optimizer could be not sent again. kind of like RSync or Proxy servers... So, is there something that can be done? Is it available using off the shelf components (some magic script with SSH, Squid, Linux and duct tape) or is it something that needs to be purchased? or even an Open Source Project that does 90% of what i am asking?

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• Advice for UPC/Surge Protector in home office

  - by user37755

  I'm just starting out as an independant developer, mostly Unix stuff with some Windows thrown in occasionally. I've been running two machines, a linux and a windows dev machine. Long story short, we had a bad storm come through last week and I unplugged one machine, forgot to unplug the other and the p/s and mobo ended up dead. Luckily I backup to an external service religiously (rsync.net for anyone interested), so there was no loss in data, but it did show me a glaring hole in my current setup, namely, lack of UPC and Surge Protection (this has honestly never been an issue before). Can anyone recommend a UPC/Surge Protector for a home office? It only needs to support a single machine (I opted to use vmware instead of rebuilding that machine), but it's a quad core Phenom 2 with a 1k watt p/s. This is outside my experience so I thought I'd get some input from others. I'm looking for something that's reasonably priced and does the job reasonably well. I don't need absolute 100% uptime, just something to protect my PC better than it is now.

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• What are the typical methods used to scale up/out email storage servers?

  - by nareshov

  Hi, What I've tried: I have two email storage architectures. Old and new. Old: courier-imapds on several (18+) 1TB-storage servers. If one of them show signs of running out of disk space, we migrate a few email accounts to another server. the servers don't have replicas. no backups either. New: dovecot2 on a single huge server with 16TB (SATA) storage and a few SSDs we store fresh mails on the SSDs and run a doveadm purge to move mails older than a day to the SATA disks there is an identical server which has a max-15min-old rsync backup from the primary server higher-ups/management wanted to pack in as much storage as possible per server in order to minimise the cost of SSDs per server the rsync'ing is done because GlusterFS wasn't replicating well under that high small/random-IO. scaling out was expected to be done with provisioning another pair of such huge servers on facing disk-crunch issues like in the old architecture, manual moving of email accounts would be done. Concerns/doubts: I'm not convinced with the synchronously-replicated filesystem idea works well for heavy random/small-IO. GlusterFS isn't working for us yet, I'm not sure if there's another filesystem out there for this use case. The idea was to keep identical pairs and use DNS round-robin for email delivery and IMAP/POP3 access. And if one the servers went down for whatever reasons (planned/unplanned), we'd move the IP to the other server in the pair. In filesystems like Lustre, I get the advantage of a single namespace whereby I do not have to worry about manually migrating accounts around and updating MAILHOME paths and other metadata/data. Questions: What are the typical methods used to scale up/out with the traditional software (courier-imapd / dovecot)? Do traditional software that store on a locally mounted filesystem pose a roadblock to scale out with minimal "problems"? Does one have to re-write (parts of) these to work with an object-storage of some sort - such as OpenStack object storage?

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• How do I prevent my computer from freezing when it starts to swap?

  - by cdauth

  I work as a Java programmer, so I often have to run several programs at the same time that consume a lot of memory. When my memory is full and Linux starts swapping, my computer almost completely freezes. I can see that it is heavily writing on the hard-disk and everything reacts really slowly, often not at all. Moving the mouse in X sometimes doesn’t work at all, sometimes it has a delay of several seconds, clicking usually has a delay of several minutes. Sometimes it is possible to change to the TTY (with a long delay), there I can usually type without delay, but when I try to log in, it takes several minutes after typing in the user name until the password prompt appears, and usually an error message appears that tells me that the login timed out. So the only possibility is usually to restart the computer. I noticed that other intensive writing to the hard disk also significantly slows down my computer. Sometimes, I used rsync to limit the bandwidth when I copied files around on my own computer, as else the system would be almost unusable. How can this be? At the moment it seems more useful to me to completely turn off swapping. That might crash some processes, which is unfortunate, but the alternative at the moment is to crash all processes by turning off my computer. I am using Gentoo Linux with kernel 3.6.2-gentoo, I have a 10 GB swap partition on a HDD.

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• Moving from 1 Linux Partition to Many over USB Mount

  - by Mistiry

  We have devices which use Compact Flash for storage. They work OK, but we recently got industrial-grade CF cards to start using. One of the major problems we get is corruption on the flash card. As it is now, these flash cards run Debian with everything in a single partition. We want to have multiple partitions on the new industrial CF cards to help avoid some of the corruption problems. I booted up the device, and attached a USB CF reader. I then used fdisk to partition the CF card in the USB reader. How can I move the data to these partitions so that it works? I have a partition for each of these directories: /lib /var /root /boot /tmp /home /etc / swap space I imagine I can't just use rsync - do I need to attach a second CF reader with a copy of the CF card, so that it's not active and in-use - and then copy from the first reader to the second? How will the system know where to find its files? I know I'd have to change fstab, but that resides in /etc, which will be on a separate partition...how will it find the fstab file if it can't find /etc? And what about grub? I'm at a loss, perhaps its just because I'm under the weather, or I'm just missing a piece of logic here... Any help is greatly appreciated, this is somewhat urgent as our existing stock is nearing its end and we don't want to purchase anything but these industrial cards, but need to get it working with partitions.

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• Does OS X support linux-like features?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have been using XP for almost a decade. Contrary to popular belief, it has served me well. In the last 4 years I don't remember ever having it crash on me. It has the most stable GUI I have ever used. However, an OS is only as good as it's GUI AND command line combined. Windows command line is awful and totally useless. So I have been using Ubuntu for a couple years and Debian on my servers. The only problem is that Gnome applications (ubuntu 6-10) constantly crash on me (Ubuntu Studio was the most unstable OS I ever used). I have high quality Gigabyte, MSI, and Asus motherboards and CPU's from old Semprons/Athlons to Celerons/Core 2 Quads. What are the odds that every PC I have ever owned can't remain stable with a linux GUI? Not to mention that Adobe CSx Suite doesn't work on linux. Anyway, I am now looking at moving to a MAC in the hope of finding a stable GUI and a feature-packed command line. Does Mac OS have an integrated command line where I can do linux-like-awesomeness like rsync, ssh, wget, crong jobs, package updates, and git without having an unstable GUI? Basically, until the linux GUI applications get a little better, is OS X what I need?

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• Linux that restores itself on each reboot

  - by jettero

  I'm looking for methods and software to help create a variant of lubuntu that will restore itself to an install state and/or update on every boot. I'm thinking of doing things like putting the root filesystem on a squashfs and using unionfs and tmpfs to make root writable, but automagically restorable. I'm thinking of updating the squashfs with rsync. Perhaps there are other ways to approach the problem. Perhaps root needn't be writable at all. All thoughts welcome. The home dir would be writable in the usual way. The goal, if it matters, is a Linux that's simple to maintain from the home office, but that functions correctly for customers. We have some custom software that we wish for customers to be able to run trivially on equipment we provide. Ideally these devices would have a "restore to factory" function that would put it back the way we intended. If this is part of the normal boot cycle, so much the better. Why lubuntu? Personal preference for this application. It has a usable desktop, but doesn't take up much ram.

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