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• arp "who-has tell" on cloned machine

  - by mcmorry

  I have a urgent problem to solve today, but I'm lost. Please help. I've cloned a Virtual Machine hosted on VM Ware ESXi 4.1 The OS is now Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS, but at the time of cloning it was 10.04 LTS. I fixed the MAC address manually inside /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules. It is a known problem on Ubuntu. I had to remove the old MAC address and set the new one as eth0. Everything seems to work fine, except ARP. My provider OVH sent me a warning to resolve it today (this is the second day) or they will block my IP! The log contains many lines like this: Tue Jun 5 01:04:29 2012 : arp who-has 178.32.136.212 tell 178.32.136.224 where .224 is the cloned server that is causing problems, and .212 is the cloned one. arp -na returns: ? (178.33.230.254) at 00:07:b4:00:00:02 [ether] on eth0 ? (178.32.136.212) at 00:50:56:09:8e:f1 [ether] on eth0 The first IP is the ESXi machine. The second one should not be there. I'm not an expert and I don't know what else to do to fix this problem. Any help will be very appreciated. Thanks. EDIT: ifcofig on .224: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:01:32:c6 inet addr:178.32.136.224 Bcast:178.32.136.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe01:32c6/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:399924 errors:0 dropped:465 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:241884 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:58006071 (58.0 MB) TX bytes:663603166 (663.6 MB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:516216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:516216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:236284275 (236.2 MB) TX bytes:236284275 (236.2 MB) ifconfig on .212: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:09:8e:f1 inet addr:178.32.136.212 Bcast:178.32.136.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe09:8ef1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:16014 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:14511 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:15134444 (15.1 MB) TX bytes:2683025 (2.6 MB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:9944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1139347 (1.1 MB) TX bytes:1139347 (1.1 MB)

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• Why does pinging a local router return "Destination Host Unreachable"?

  - by Matt H

  I have two tomato routers. One is bridged wirelessly with the other. I have a new server on the network. It's running Ubuntu Server 11.04. They are all connected like this: A - Linux PC B - New Server C - Mac Mini D - Macbook T1 - Tomato 1 T2 - Tomato 2 They are connected like so: A -----+-T1 ==== wireless bridge ==== T2----- ADSL modem | | C & D Connected wirelessly to T2 B -----+ A, C & D do not experience any issues. I have an active SSH session to B from A and it's not experiencing any loss. B, the new server occasionally cannot ping T2 and therefore cannot connect to the internet. However, A can always contact B and B can ping A and B When the network is lost, B can still ping T1, but not T2 yet at the same as B has lost connection to T2, A can still ping T2. Any ideas on what this could be? there is nothing that gives any clues in any of the logs on either router or the linux server. One thing that is interesting is that I set up a ping running between B and T2. T2 has the IP address 192.68.1.1 Here is what I am seeing: From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=26 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=27 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=28 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=29 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=30 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=31 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=33 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=34 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=35 Destination Host Unreachable 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=36 ttl=63 time=3.40 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=37 ttl=63 time=5.70 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=38 ttl=63 time=2.25 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=39 ttl=63 time=2.18 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=40 ttl=63 time=3.12 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=41 ttl=63 time=2.15 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=42 ttl=63 time=1.97 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=43 ttl=63 time= And it cycles to being reachable and not. So I guess you could say the question is, why is the router responding that it cannot be reached?

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• Python: How to read huge text file into memory

  - by asmaier

  I'm using Python 2.6 on a Mac Mini with 1GB RAM. I want to read in a huge text file $ ls -l links.csv; file links.csv; tail links.csv -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 469904280 30 Nov 22:42 links.csv links.csv: ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators 4757187,59883 4757187,99822 4757187,66546 4757187,638452 4757187,4627959 4757187,312826 4757187,6143 4757187,6141 4757187,3081726 4757187,58197 So each line in the file consists of a tuple of two comma separated integer values. I want to read in the whole file and sort it according to the second column. I know, that I could do the sorting without reading the whole file into memory. But I thought for a file of 500MB I should still be able to do it in memory since I have 1GB available. However when I try to read in the file, Python seems to allocate a lot more memory than is needed by the file on disk. So even with 1GB of RAM I'm not able to read in the 500MB file into memory. My Python code for reading the file and printing some information about the memory consumption is: #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys infile=open("links.csv", "r") edges=[] count=0 #count the total number of lines in the file for line in infile: count=count+1 total=count print "Total number of lines: ",total infile.seek(0) count=0 for line in infile: edge=tuple(map(int,line.strip().split(","))) edges.append(edge) count=count+1 # for every million lines print memory consumption if count%1000000==0: print "Position: ", edge print "Read ",float(count)/float(total)*100,"%." mem=sys.getsizeof(edges) for edge in edges: mem=mem+sys.getsizeof(edge) for node in edge: mem=mem+sys.getsizeof(node) print "Memory (Bytes): ", mem The output I got was: Total number of lines: 30609720 Position: (9745, 2994) Read 3.26693612356 %. Memory (Bytes): 64348736 Position: (38857, 103574) Read 6.53387224712 %. Memory (Bytes): 128816320 Position: (83609, 63498) Read 9.80080837067 %. Memory (Bytes): 192553000 Position: (139692, 1078610) Read 13.0677444942 %. Memory (Bytes): 257873392 Position: (205067, 153705) Read 16.3346806178 %. Memory (Bytes): 320107588 Position: (283371, 253064) Read 19.6016167413 %. Memory (Bytes): 385448716 Position: (354601, 377328) Read 22.8685528649 %. Memory (Bytes): 448629828 Position: (441109, 3024112) Read 26.1354889885 %. Memory (Bytes): 512208580 Already after reading only 25% of the 500MB file, Python consumes 500MB. So it seem that storing the content of the file as a list of tuples of ints is not very memory efficient. Is there a better way to do it, so that I can read in my 500MB file into my 1GB of memory?

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• ! Extra }, or forgotten \endgroup. latex

  - by gzou

  hey, I met these latex format problem, anyone can offer some help? the .tex file: \begin{table}{} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1} \caption{Cambridge Flow feature definition and description} \label{cambridge-feature}} \centering \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline\bfseries Abbreviation &\bfseries Description\\ \hline serv-port & Server port\\ \hline clnt-port & Client port\\ \hline push-pkts-serv & count of all packets with\\ & push bit set in TCP header (server to client)\\ \hline init-win-bytes-clnt & the total number of bytes \\ & sent in initial window (client to server)\\ \hline init-win-bytes-serv & the total number of bytes sent\\ & in initial window (server to client)\\ \hline avg-seg-size-clnt & average segment size: \\ & data bytes devided by number of packets\\ \hline IP-bytes-med-clnt & median of total bytes in IP packet\\ \hline act-data-pkt-serv & count of packet with at least one byte \\ & of TCP data playload (server to client)\\ \hline data-bytes-var-clnt & variance of total \\ & bytes in packets (client to server)\\ \hline min-seg-size-serv & minimum segment size \\ & observed (server to client)\\ \hline RTT-samples-serv & total number of RTT samples\\ & found (server to client),\\ & {\bf see also \cite{Moore05discriminators}}\\ \hline push-pkts-clnt & count of all packets with push bit set \\ & in TCP header (server to client)\\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{table} and the error message: ! Extra }, or forgotten \endgroup. \@endfloatbox ...pagefalse \outer@nobreak \egroup \color@endbox l.892 \end{table} I've deleted a group-closing symbol because it seems to be spurious, as in $x}$'. But perhaps the } is legitimate and you forgot something else, as in\hbox{$x}'. In such cases the way to recover is to insert both the forgotten and the deleted material, e.g., by typing `I$}'. there is no $ in my table, also this { are matching with the }, and also after I comment the citation, the error remains. anyone can offer help? really appreciate all the comments! ! Extra }, or forgotten \endgroup.

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• Java Memory Overhead

  - by flamealpha

  Hello, I would like to ask about Memory Overhead in java, I have a large ArrayList (61,770 items), and trying to calculate the amount of memory taken by each item (counting the object and its ArrayList entry), by profiling the app i get that after all the data is loaded, the heap takes ~ 25Mb. when the ArrayList has only 2 items the heap takes ~1Mb , so roughly: (24*1024*1024)/61,768 = 407 bytes. however, when i count the fields of the each object, i get 148 bytes(not including the ArrayList, and assuming int=4,float=4,reference=4), I am curious to know where did all of those extra bytes came from... i can guess that since the objects I store in the ArrayList are implementing an interface, they store extra values, maybe the VM stores a 4byte function pointer for each implemented method? the interface they implement have 20 functions so thats 80 more bytes, totaling 228 bytes, still not close to the 400 bytes measured. any help would be appreciated.

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• Problem with memory leaks

  - by user191723

  Sorry, having difficulty formattin code to appear correct here??? I am trying to understand the readings I get from running instruments on my app which are telling me I am leaking memory. There are a number, quite a few in fact, that get reported from inside the Foundation, AVFoundation CoreGraphics etc that I assume I have no control over and so should ignore such as: Malloc 32 bytes: 96 bytes, AVFoundation, prepareToRecordQueue or Malloc 128 bytes: 128 bytes, CoreGraphics, open_handle_to_dylib_path Am I correct in assuming these are something the system will resolve? But then there are leaks that are reported that I believe I am responsible for, such as: This call reports against this line leaks 2.31KB [self createAVAudioRecorder:frameAudioFile]; Immediately followed by this: -(NSError*) createAVAudioRecorder: (NSString *)fileName { // flush recorder to start afresh [audioRecorder release]; audioRecorder = nil; // delete existing file to ensure we have clean start [self deleteFile: fileName]; VariableStore *singleton = [VariableStore sharedInstance]; // get full path to target file to create NSString *destinationString = [singleton.docsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent: fileName]; NSURL *destinationURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath: destinationString]; // configure the recording settings NSMutableDictionary *recordSettings = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:6]; //****** LEAKING 384 BYTES [recordSettings setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:kAudioFormatLinearPCM] forKey: AVFormatIDKey]; //***** LEAKING 32 BYTES float sampleRate = 44100.0; [recordSettings setObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat: sampleRate] forKey: AVSampleRateKey]; //***** LEAKING 48 BYTES [recordSettings setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:2] forKey:AVNumberOfChannelsKey]; int bitDepth = 16; [recordSettings setObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt:bitDepth] forKey:AVLinearPCMBitDepthKey]; //***** LEAKING 48 BYTES [recordSettings setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:AVLinearPCMIsBigEndianKey]; [recordSettings setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool: NO]forKey:AVLinearPCMIsFloatKey]; NSError *recorderSetupError = nil; // create the new recorder with target file audioRecorder = [[AVAudioRecorder alloc] initWithURL: destinationURL settings: recordSettings error: &recorderSetupError]; //***** LEAKING 1.31KB [recordSettings release]; recordSettings = nil; // check for erros if (recorderSetupError) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle: @"Can't record" message: [recorderSetupError localizedDescription] delegate: nil cancelButtonTitle: @"OK" otherButtonTitles: nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; alert = nil; return recorderSetupError; } [audioRecorder prepareToRecord]; //***** LEAKING 512 BYTES audioRecorder.delegate = self; return recorderSetupError; } I do not understand why there is a leak as I release audioRecorder at the start and set to nil and I release recordSettings and set to nil? Can anyone enlighten me please? Thanks

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• Memory Efficient file append

  - by lboregard

  i have several files whose content need to be merged into a single file. i have the following code that does this ... but it seems rather inefficient in terms of memory usage ... would you suggest a better way to do it ? the Util.MoveFile function simply accounts for moving files across volumes private void Compose(string[] files) { string inFile = ""; string outFile = "c:\final.txt"; using (FileStream fsOut = new FileStream(outFile + ".tmp", FileMode.Create)) { foreach (string inFile in files) { if (!File.Exists(inFile)) { continue; } byte[] bytes; using (FileStream fsIn = new FileStream(inFile, FileMode.Open)) { bytes = new byte[fsIn.Length]; fsIn.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); } //using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(inFile)) //{ // text = sr.ReadToEnd(); //} // write the segment to final file fsOut.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); File.Delete(inFile); } } Util.MoveFile(outFile + ".tmp", outFile); }

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• IWebBrowser: How to specify the encoding when loading html from a stream?

  - by Ian Boyd

  Using the concepts from the sample code provided by Microsoft for loading HTML content into an IWebBrowser from an IStream using the web browser's IPersistStreamInit interface: HRESULT LoadWebBrowserFromStream(IWebBrowser* pWebBrowser, IStream* pStream) { [snip] } How can one specify the encoding of the html inside the IStream? The IStream will contain a series of bytes, but the problem is what do those bytes represent? They could, for example, contain bytes where: each byte represents a character from the current Windows code-page (e.g. 1252) each byte could represent a character from the ISO-8859-1 character set the bytes could represent UTF-8 encoded characters every 2 bytes could represent a character, using UTF-16 encoding In my particular case, i am providing the IWebBrowser an IStream that contains a series of double-bytes characters (UTF-16), but the browser (incorrectly) believes that UTF-8 encoding is in effect. This results in garbled characters.

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• Can't DER encode and BER decode RSA public key

  - by Mildred

  I have problems using Crypto++ to save a RSA public key (that I obtained loading a private key file in PKCS#8 format). When decoding the key, I always get a BERDecodeErr exception. Here is the code I am using: CryptoPP::RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Signer _signer; CryptoPP::RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Verifier _verifier; CryptoPP::ByteQueue bytes; //_signer.AccessPublicKey().Save(bytes); // seem to save private key instead _signer.AccessKey().DEREncodePublicKey(bytes); //_verifier.AccessKey().Load(bytes); //_verifier.AccessKey().BERDecodePublicKey(bytes, 0, 0); _verifier.AccessPublicKey().Load(bytes); I also tried with the instructions commented above, without success. How do you do to save or open the public key? The public key looks like this in hex format, is there a tool to check its format / validity (regarding what crypto++ supports) ? 3081890281810097e24f2e95504a397e90fbc56d1b330ab2ab97a0d326007b890e40013f9e1d9bd9 f54b0c0840782ddae19b5b4595d8f8b9ffe0d2120174fcbc39585c5867cd2dfba69f8e540caa2c52 de8f08278a34e9249120500117f0ba756c5bb2be660013160db9f82f75deb7ccf63742a9e945da6c cf30c2b109b73342daaabd02b872e50203010001

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• How to correctly calculate address spaces?

  - by user337308

  Below is an example of a question given on my last test in a Computer Engineering course. Anyone mind explaining to me how to get the start/end addresses of each? I have listed the correct answers at the bottom... The MSP430F2410 device has an address space of 64 KB (the basic MSP430 architecture). Fill in the table below if we know the following. The first 16 bytes of the address space (starting at the address 0x0000) is reserved for special function registers (IE1, IE2, IFG1, IFG2, etc.), the next 240 bytes is reserved for 8-bit peripheral devices, and the next 256 bytes is reserved for 16-bit peripheral devices. The RAM memory capacity is 2 Kbytes and it starts at the address 0x1100. At the top of the address space is 56KB of flash memory reserved for code and interrupt vector table. What Start Address End Address Special Function Registers (16 bytes) 0x0000 0x000F 8-bit peripheral devices (240 bytes) 0x0010 0x00FF 16-bit peripheral devices (256 bytes) 0x0100 0x01FF RAM memory (2 Kbytes) 0x1100 0x18FF Flash Memory (56 Kbytes) 0x2000 0xFFFF

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• Understanding the concept of Inodes

  - by darkie15

  Hi All, I am referring to the link: http://www.tux4u.nl/freedocs/unix/draw/inode.pdf I am confused on parts: 1 12 direct block pointers 2 1 single indirect block pointer 3 1 double indirect block pointer 4 1 triple indirect block pointer Now the diagram says that each pointer is 32/64 bits. [Query]: Why and how are these values inferred? I mean why specifically have only 32 or 64 bit pointers? The diagram says, One data block{8 KB} for each pointer {4 bytes/8 bytes} [Query]: How does this actually work out? i.e. 8*1024 bytes / 8 bytes = 1024 bytes? What is the logic behind having a 8 bytes pointer for 8KB block? Regards, darkie.

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• size of structures in .NET

  - by redpaladin

  My problem is very simple. My problem is to send a structure between a program in C to a C# program. I made a struct in C#: public struct NetPoint { public float lat; // 4 bytes public float lon; // 4 bytes public int alt; // 4 bytes public long time; // 8 bytes } Total size of the struct must be 20 bytes. When I do a sizeof() of this struct: System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("SizeOf(NetPoint)=" + System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf(new NetPoint())); The debug console shows: SizeOf(NetPoint)=24 But I expected to have 20 bytes. Why do I see a difference?

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• structure in .NET

  - by redpaladin

  My problem is very simple.. My problem is to send a structure beetween a program in C to a C# program.. I made a struct in C#: public struct NetPoint { public float lat; // 4 bytes public float lon; // 4 bytes public int alt; // 4 bytes public long time; // 8 bytes } Total size of the struct must be 20 bytes When i do a sizeof() of this struct System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("SizeOf(NetPoint)=" + System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf(new NetPoint())); The debug console show : SizeOf(NetPoint)=24 But i expected to have 20 bytes ? Why do I have a difference ? Thank you in advance

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• Pfsense 2.1 OpenVPN can't reach servers on the LAN

  - by Lucas Kauffman

  I have a small network set up like this: I have a Pfsense for connecting my servers to the WAN, they are using NAT from the LAN - WAN. I have an OpenVPN server using TAP to allow remote workers to be put on the same LAN network as the servers. They connect through the WAN IP to the OVPN interface. The LAN interface also servers as the gateway for the servers to get internet connection and has an IP of 10.25.255.254 The OVPN Interface and the LAN interface are bridged in BR0 Server A has an IP of 10.25.255.1 and is able to connect the internet Client A is connecting through the VPN and is assigned an IP address on its TAP interface of 10.25.24.1 (I reserved a /24 within the 10.25.0.0/16 for VPN clients) Firewall currently allows any-any connection OVPN towards LAN and vice versa Currently when I connect, all routes seem fine on the client side: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.25.0.0 10.25.255.254 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0 10.25.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 0.0.0.0 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 I can ping the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.254 PING 10.25.255.254 (10.25.255.254) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=7.65 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=7.49 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=7.69 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=7.31 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=7.52 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=7.42 ms But I can't ping past the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.1 PING 10.25.255.1 (10.25.255.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=1 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) I ran a tcpdump on my em1 interface (LAN interface which has the IP of 10.25.255.254) tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 08:21:13.449222 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 10, length 64 08:21:13.458211 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:14.450541 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 11, length 64 08:21:14.458431 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:15.451794 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 12, length 64 08:21:15.458530 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:16.453203 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 13, length 64 So traffic is reaching the LAN interface, but it's not getting passed it. But no answer from the 10.25.255.1 host. I'm not sure what I'm missing.

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• AMD 24 core server memory bandwidth

  - by ntherning

  I need some help to determine whether the memory bandwidth I'm seeing under Linux on my server is normal or not. Here's the server spec: HP ProLiant DL165 G7 2x AMD Opteron 6164 HE 12-Core 40 GB RAM (10 x 4GB DDR1333) Debian 6.0 Using mbw on this server I get the following numbers: foo1:~# mbw -n 3 1024 Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory. Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test. Getting down to business... Doing 3 runs per test. 0 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.58047 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 1764.082 MiB/s 1 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.58012 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 1765.152 MiB/s 2 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.58010 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 1765.201 MiB/s AVG Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.58023 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 1764.811 MiB/s 0 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.36174 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2830.778 MiB/s 1 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.35869 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2854.817 MiB/s 2 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.35848 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2856.481 MiB/s AVG Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.35964 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2847.310 MiB/s 0 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.23546 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4348.860 MiB/s 1 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.23544 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4349.230 MiB/s 2 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.23544 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4349.359 MiB/s AVG Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.23545 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4349.149 MiB/s On one of my other servers (based on Intel Xeon E3-1270): foo2:~# mbw -n 3 1024 Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory. Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test. Getting down to business... Doing 3 runs per test. 0 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.18960 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5400.901 MiB/s 1 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.18922 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5411.690 MiB/s 2 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.18944 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5405.491 MiB/s AVG Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.18942 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5406.024 MiB/s 0 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.14838 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6901.200 MiB/s 1 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.14818 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6910.561 MiB/s 2 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.14820 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6909.628 MiB/s AVG Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.14825 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6907.127 MiB/s 0 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04362 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 23477.623 MiB/s 1 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04262 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 24025.151 MiB/s 2 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04258 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 24048.849 MiB/s AVG Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04294 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 23847.599 MiB/s For reference here's what I get on my Intel based laptop: laptop:~$ mbw -n 3 1024 Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory. Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test. Getting down to business... Doing 3 runs per test. 0 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.40566 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2524.269 MiB/s 1 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.38458 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2662.638 MiB/s 2 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.38876 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2634.043 MiB/s AVG Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.39300 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 2605.600 MiB/s 0 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.30707 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3334.745 MiB/s 1 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.30425 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3365.653 MiB/s 2 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.30342 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3374.849 MiB/s AVG Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.30491 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3358.328 MiB/s 0 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.07875 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 13003.670 MiB/s 1 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08374 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 12228.034 MiB/s 2 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.07635 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 13411.216 MiB/s AVG Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.07961 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 12862.006 MiB/s So according to mbw my laptop is 3 times faster than the server!!! Please help me explain this. I've also tried to mount a ram disk and use dd to benchmark it and I get similar differences so I don't think mbw is to blame. I've checked the BIOS settings and the memory seem to be running at full speed. According to the hosting company the modules are all OK. Could this have something to do with NUMA? It seems like Node Interleaving is disabled on this server. Will enabling it (thus turning off NUMA) make a difference? foo1:~# numactl --hardware available: 4 nodes (0-3) node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 node 0 size: 8190 MB node 0 free: 7898 MB node 1 cpus: 6 7 8 9 10 11 node 1 size: 12288 MB node 1 free: 12073 MB node 2 cpus: 18 19 20 21 22 23 node 2 size: 12288 MB node 2 free: 12034 MB node 3 cpus: 12 13 14 15 16 17 node 3 size: 8192 MB node 3 free: 8032 MB node distances: node 0 1 2 3 0: 10 20 20 20 1: 20 10 20 20 2: 20 20 10 20 3: 20 20 20 10

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• In Wireshark's Protocol Hierarchy Statistics screen, is the total byte count of a capture the sum of the Bytes column or just the top line (Frame)?

  - by Howiecamp

  Part 1 - I'm looking at Wireshark's Protocol Hierarchy Statistics screen (sample below), is the total byte count of the capture the sum of the Bytes column or just the top line (Frame)? I'm 99% that it's the latter because of protocol rollup but I wanted to conform. Part 2 - From Wireshark documentation on this screen, "Protocol layers can consist of packets that won't contain any higher layer protocol, so the sum of all higher layer packets may not sum up to the protocols packet count. Example: In the screenshot TCP has 85,83% but the sum of the subprotocols (HTTP, ...) is much less. This may be caused by TCP protocol overhead, e.g. TCP ACK packets won't be counted as packets of the higher layer)." Can you explain this?

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• OpenVPN on Ubuntu 11.10 - unable to redirect default gateway

  - by Vladimir Kadalashvili

  I'm trying to connect to connect to OpenVPN server from my Ubuntu 11.10 machine. I use the following command to do it (under root user): openvpn --config /home/vladimir/client.ovpn Everything seems to be OK, it connects normally without any warnings and errors, but when I try to browse the internet I see that I still use my own IP address, so VPN connection doesn't work. When I run openvpn command, it displays the following message among others: NOTE: unable to redirect default gateway -- Cannot read current default gateway from system I think it's the cause of this problem, but unfortunately I don't know how to fix it. Below is full output of openvpn command: Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 OpenVPN 2.2.0 x86_64-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [MH] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110424-2 (2.2RC2)] built on Jul 4 2011 Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Control Channel Authentication: tls-auth using INLINE static key file Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 LZO compression initialized Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:166 EF:66 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[126976->200000] S=[126976->200000] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '504e774e' Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '14168603' Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]94.229.78.130:1194 Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]94.229.78.130:1194, sid=13fd921b b42072ab Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /CN=OpenVPN_CA Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /CN=OpenVPN_Server Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 [OpenVPN_Server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]94.229.78.130:1194 Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 SENT CONTROL [OpenVPN_Server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,explicit-exit-notify,topology subnet,route-delay 5 30,dhcp-pre-release,dhcp-renew,dhcp-release,route-metric 101,ping 5,ping-restart 40,redirect-gateway def1,redirect-gateway bypass-dhcp,redirect-gateway autolocal,route-gateway 5.5.0.1,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4,register-dns,comp-lzo yes,ifconfig 5.5.117.43 255.255.0.0' Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:4: dhcp-pre-release (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:5: dhcp-renew (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:6: dhcp-release (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:16: register-dns (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: explicit notify parm(s) modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: LZO parms modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 ROUTE: default_gateway=UNDEF Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 5.5.117.43 netmask 255.255.0.0 mtu 1500 broadcast 5.5.255.255 Sat Jun 9 23:51:45 2012 NOTE: unable to redirect default gateway -- Cannot read current default gateway from system Sat Jun 9 23:51:45 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed Output of route command: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default * 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0 5.5.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 tun0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 stream-ts1.net. * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 Output of ifconfig command: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:62:6d:44:0d:12 inet6 addr: fe80::6e62:6dff:fe44:d12/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:54594 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:59897 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:44922107 (44.9 MB) TX bytes:8839969 (8.8 MB) Interrupt:41 Base address:0x8000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:4561 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4561 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:685425 (685.4 KB) TX bytes:685425 (685.4 KB) ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:213.206.63.44 P-t-P:213.206.34.4 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1 RX packets:53577 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:58892 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:43667387 (43.6 MB) TX bytes:7504776 (7.5 MB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:5.5.117.43 P-t-P:5.5.117.43 Mask:255.255.0.0 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:27:19:f6:b5:cf inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::227:19ff:fef6:b5cf/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:12079 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:11178 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1483691 (1.4 MB) TX bytes:4307899 (4.3 MB) So my question is - how to make OpenVPN redirect default gateway? Thanks!

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• When I shutdown the computer, it restarts

  - by Prabu

  I am unable to shutdown. Whenever I try to shutdown, it reboots. I am running Ubuntu 12.10. I have run the boot-repair and this is the result: Boot Info Script 0.61.full + Boot-Repair extra info [Boot-Info November 20th 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks in partition 1 for (,msdos1)/boot/grub. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 12.10 Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sda5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 1,936,809,983 1,936,807,936 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1,936,812,030 1,953,523,711 16,711,682 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1,936,812,032 1,953,523,711 16,711,680 82 Linux swap / Solaris "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 squashfs /dev/sda1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ext4 /dev/sda5 6c6dca25-ab67-4de4-8602-26fdb6154781 swap /dev/sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 12.10 amd64 ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sr0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime) =========================== sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=10 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "${linux_gfx_mode}" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro quiet splash acpi=force $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-advanced-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro quiet splash acpi=force $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-recovery-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-17-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-17-generic-advanced-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-17-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro quiet splash acpi=force $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-17-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-17-generic-recovery-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-17-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda1/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=6c6dca25-ab67-4de4-8602-26fdb6154781 none swap sw 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) 200.155235291 = 214.915047424 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 40.280788422 = 43.251167232 boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic 1 2.468288422 = 2.650304512 boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic 1 200.149234772 = 214.908604416 boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic 1 1.990135193 = 2.136891392 boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic 1 2.468288422 = 2.650304512 initrd.img 1 1.990135193 = 2.136891392 vmlinuz 1 1.990135193 = 2.136891392 vmlinuz.old 1 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== cat: write error: Broken pipe File descriptor 8 (/proc/6297/mounts) leaked on lvscan invocation. Parent PID 13390: bash No volume groups found ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : =================== log of boot-repair 2012-12-17__01h53 =================== boot-repair version : 3.197~ppa1~quantal boot-sav version : 3.197~ppa1~quantal glade2script version : 3.2.2~ppa45~quantal boot-sav-extra version : 3.197~ppa1~quantal boot-repair is executed in live-session (Ubuntu 12.10, quantal, Ubuntu, x86_64) CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash -- maybe-ubiquity =================== os-prober: /dev/sda1:Ubuntu 12.10 (12.10):Ubuntu:linux =================== blkid: /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/sr0: LABEL="Ubuntu 12.10 amd64" TYPE="iso9660" /dev/sda1: UUID="229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="6c6dca25-ab67-4de4-8602-26fdb6154781" TYPE="swap" 1 disks with OS, 1 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 0 Windows, 0 unknown type OS. Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. =================== sda1/etc/default/grub : # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=force" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" =================== sda1/etc/grub.d/ : drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 17 14:59 grub.d total 72 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7541 Oct 14 17:36 00_header -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5488 Oct 4 09:30 05_debian_theme -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10891 Oct 14 17:36 10_linux -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10258 Oct 14 17:36 20_linux_xen -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1688 Oct 11 14:10 20_memtest86+ -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10976 Oct 14 17:36 30_os-prober -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1426 Oct 14 17:36 30_uefi-firmware -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Oct 14 17:36 40_custom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 216 Oct 14 17:36 41_custom -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Oct 14 17:36 README =================== UEFI/Legacy mode: This live-session is not in EFI-mode. SecureBoot maybe enabled. =================== PARTITIONS & DISKS: sda1 : sda, not-sepboot, grubenv-ok grub2, grub-pc , update-grub, 64, with-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, fstab-without-boot, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, apt-get, grub-install, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt/boot-sav/sda1. sda : not-GPT, BIOSboot-not-needed, has-no-EFIpart, not-usb, has-os, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes =================== parted -l: Model: ATA ST1000DM003-1CH1 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 992GB 992GB primary ext4 boot 2 992GB 1000GB 8556MB extended 5 992GB 1000GB 8556MB logical linux-swap(v1) Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! =================== parted -lm: BYT; /dev/sda:1000GB:scsi:512:4096:msdos:ATA ST1000DM003-1CH1; 1:1049kB:992GB:992GB:ext4::boot; 2:992GB:1000GB:8556MB:::; 5:992GB:1000GB:8556MB:linux-swap(v1)::; Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! =================== mount: /cow on / type overlayfs (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) /dev/sr0 on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime) /dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/ubuntu/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=ubuntu) /dev/sda1 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 type ext4 (rw) =================== ls: /sys/block/sda (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda5 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /sys/block/sr0 (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /dev (filtered): alarm ashmem autofs binder block bsg btrfs-control bus cdrom cdrw char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri dvd dvdrw ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse fw0 hidraw0 hidraw1 hpet input kmsg kvm log mapper mcelog mei mem net network_latency network_throughput null oldmem port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda5 sg0 sg1 shm snapshot snd sr0 stderr stdin stdout uinput urandom usb vga_arbiter vhost-net zero ls /dev/mapper: control =================== df -Th: Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /cow overlayfs 3.9G 100M 3.8G 3% / udev devtmpfs 3.9G 12K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 864K 1.6G 1% /run /dev/sr0 iso9660 763M 763M 0 100% /cdrom /dev/loop0 squashfs 717M 717M 0 100% /rofs tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 32K 3.9G 1% /tmp none tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock none tmpfs 3.9G 176K 3.9G 1% /run/shm none tmpfs 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda1 ext4 910G 26G 838G 3% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 =================== fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000da1e9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 1936809983 968403968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1936812030 1953523711 8355841 5 Extended Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 1936812032 1953523711 8355840 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition outside the disk detected. =================== Recommended repair Recommended-Repair This setting will reinstall the grub2 of sda1 into the MBR of sda. Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda1/etc/default/grub grub-install (GRUB) 2.00-7ubuntu11,grub-install (GRUB) 2. Reinstall the GRUB of sda1 into the MBR of sda Installation finished. No error reported. grub-install /dev/sda: exit code of grub-install /dev/sda:0 chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 update-grub Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg Boot successfully repaired. You can now reboot your computer.

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• OBIEE 11.1.1 - How to configure HTTP compression / caching on Oracle BI Mobile app

  - by Ahmed Awan

   Applies to: OBIEE 11.1.1.5 Supported Physical Devices and OS: The Oracle BI Mobile application with HTTP compression / caching configurations is tested on following devices: iPhone 4S, 4, 3GS. iPad 2 and 1. Note these devices must be running the latest version of the iOS version, i.e. iOS 4.2.1 / iOS 5 is also supported. Configuring Pre-requisites: Prior to configuration, the Oracle Web tier software must be installed on server, as described in product documentation i.e. Enterprise Deployment Guide for Oracle Business Intelligence in Section 3.2, "Installing Oracle HTTP Server." The steps for configuring the compression and caching on Oracle HTTP Server are described in this PA blog at http://blogs.oracle.com/pa/entry/obiee_11g_user_interface_ui and in support Doc ID 1312299.1. Configuration Steps in Oracle BI Mobile application: 1. Download the BI Mobile app from the Apple iTunes App Store. The link is http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/oracle-business-intelligence/id434559909?mt=8 . 2. Add Server for example http://pew801.us.oracle.com:7777/analytics/ , here is how your “Server Setting” screen should look like on your OBI Mobile app:                                 Performance Gain Test (using Oracle® HTTP Server with OBIEE) The test with/without HTTP compression / caching was conducted on iPhone 4S / iPad 2 to measure the throughput (i.e. total bytes received) for Oracle® Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. Below table shows the throughput comparison before and after using HTTP compression / caching for SampleApp using “QuickStart” dashboard accessing reports i.e. Overview, Details, Published Reporting and Scorecard. Testing shows that total bytes received were reduced from 2.3 MB to 723 KB. a. Test Results > Without HTTP Compression / Caching setting - Total Throughput (in Bytes) captured below: Total Bytes Statistics:        b. Test Results > With HTTP Compression / Caching settings - Total Throughput (in Bytes) captured below: Total Bytes Statistics:      

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• Allow Incoming Responses from Curl On Ubuntu 11.10 - Curl

  - by Daniel Adarve

  I'm trying to get a Curl Response from an outside server, however I noticed I cant neither PING the server in question nor connect to it. I tried disabling the iptables firewall but I had no success. My server is running behind a Cisco Linksys WRTN310N Router with the DD-wrt firmware Installed. In which I already disabled the firewall. Here are my network settings: Ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:b9:76:73:6b inet addr:192.168.1.120 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::226:b9ff:fe76:736b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:49713 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:30987 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:52829022 (52.8 MB) TX bytes:5438223 (5.4 MB) Interrupt:16 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:341 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:341 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:27604 (27.6 KB) TX bytes:27604 (27.6 KB) /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.1.1 /etc/nsswitch.com passwd: compat group: compat shadow: compat hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files netgroup: nis /etc/host.conf order hosts,bind multi on /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.0.1 callcenter # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters /etc/network/interfaces # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.120 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.1 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 The Url to which im trying to get a connection to is https://www.veripayment.com/integration/index.php When I ping it on terminal heres what I get daniel@callcenter:~$ ping www.veripayment.com PING www.veripayment.com (69.172.200.5) 56(84) bytes of data. --- www.veripayment.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1007ms Thanks in Advance

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• Salt and hash a password in .NET

  - by Jon Canning

  I endeavoured to follow the CrackStation rules: Salted Password Hashing - Doing it Right    public class SaltedHash     {         public string Hash { get; private set; }         public string Salt { get; private set; }         public SaltedHash(string password)         {             var saltBytes = new byte[32];             new RNGCryptoServiceProvider().GetNonZeroBytes(saltBytes);             Salt = ConvertToBase64String(saltBytes);             var passwordAndSaltBytes = Concat(password, saltBytes);             Hash = ComputeHash(passwordAndSaltBytes);         }         static string ConvertToBase64String(byte[] bytes)         {             return Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);         }         static string ComputeHash(byte[] bytes)         {             return ConvertToBase64String(SHA256.Create().ComputeHash(bytes));         }         static byte[] Concat(string password, byte[] saltBytes)         {             var passwordBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(password);             return passwordBytes.Concat(saltBytes).ToArray();         }         public static bool Verify(string salt, string hash, string password)         {             var saltBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(salt);             var passwordAndSaltBytes = Concat(password, saltBytes);             var hashAttempt = ComputeHash(passwordAndSaltBytes);             return hash == hashAttempt;         }     }

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• Built-in network card not working?

  - by Zeeshan

  Hi, I am new to Ubuntu. I have installed Ubuntu 9.04(Jaunty). After installation I found that network card is not wokring. And id doest not list in "System Preferenes Network Connections" So , i got another card from my friend and try to search on internat about my problem but still cant find solution. Some commands output is here which may be help to solve problem root@mzeeshan-desktop:/home/mzeeshan# uname -r 2.6.28-11-generic root@mzeeshan-desktop:/home/mzeeshan# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:02:44:4a:45:12 inet addr:192.168.5.37 Bcast:192.168.5.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::202:44ff:fe4a:4512/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3774 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3611 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4307045 (4.3 MB) TX bytes:583067 (583.0 KB) Interrupt:22 Base address:0x1000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:240 (240.0 B) TX bytes:240 (240.0 B) pan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5e:25:17:a1:18:ac BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) root@mzeeshan-desktop:/home/mzeeshan# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Device 0069 (rev 12) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Auburndale/Havendale PCI Express x16 Root Port (rev 12) 00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Device 10f0 (rev 05) 00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 05) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 05) 00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev 05) 00:1c.6 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak PCI Express Root Port 7 (rev 05) 00:1c.7 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak PCI Express Root Port 8 (rev 05) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 05) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev a5) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak LPC Interface Controller (rev 05) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak 4 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 05) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak SMBus Controller (rev 05) 00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Ibex Peak 2 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 05) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation GeForce 8400 GS (rev a1) 06:00.0 Multimedia audio controller: Creative Labs SB Live! EMU10k1 (rev 07) 06:00.1 Input device controller: Creative Labs SB Live! Game Port (rev 07) 06:01.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) 06:03.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): Texas Instruments TSB43AB22/A IEEE-1394a-2000 Controller (PHY/Link) root@mzeeshan-desktop:/home/mzeeshan# Motherboard is Intel DP55WG. I don't know what to do next. Any help will be greatly appreciated.. Thanks

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• No External Network Access Through Ubuntu VPN

  - by trobrock

  I have setup pptpd as my VPN server on Ubuntu Server 9.04, I am able to connect to the VPN from the client and can access the server's local network, but I am unable to connect to the external network via the VPN. If I login to the server via SSH: $ ping google.com PING google.com (74.125.67.100) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from gw-in-f100.google.com (74.125.67.100): icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=65.9 ms 64 bytes from gw-in-f100.google.com (74.125.67.100): icmp_seq=2 ttl=49 time=63.2 ms 64 bytes from gw-in-f100.google.com (74.125.67.100): icmp_seq=3 ttl=49 time=63.9 ms 64 bytes from gw-in-f100.google.com (74.125.67.100): icmp_seq=4 ttl=49 time=66.0 ms If I connect to the VPN and ping locally: $ ping google.com ping: cannot resolve google.com: Unknown host I have a feeling it is some routing issue on the server but I am unsure.

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• How to debug ssh authentication failures with gssapi-with-mic

  - by Arthur Ulfeldt

  when i ssh to DOMAIN\user@localhosts-name authentication works fine through gssapi-with-mic: debug3: remaining preferred: gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic debug2: we sent a gssapi-with-mic packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 112 bytes for a total of 1255 debug1: Delegating credentials debug3: Wrote 2816 bytes for a total of 4071 debug1: Delegating credentials debug3: Wrote 80 bytes for a total of 4151 debug1: Authentication succeeded (gssapi-with-mic). when I connect to a different machine It just seems to stop half way through the gssapi-with-mic authentication: debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic debug2: we sent a gssapi-with-mic packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 112 bytes for a total of 1255 debug1: Delegating credentials debug3: Wrote 2816 bytes for a total of 4071 <----- ???? debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password,keyboard-interactive How should I go about finding out what happened differently the second time. How can I find out if/why the auth was rejected by kerberos?

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• Down for everyone or just me?

  - by Click Ok

  When I try access a website, and it is down, I head to http://www.downforeveryoneorjustme.com, and test it. But lately, my home network PCs cannot access facebook.com, and I tried the that service and the answer was: It's just you. http://facebook.com is up. Ok, that got me. I tried several browsers and 3 PCs in my LAN and it don't works. I don't know how to troubleshoot this. What some step-by-step to troubleshoot that problem? Output from ping command: Disparando facebook.com [69.171.234.21] com 32 bytes de dados: Resposta de 69.171.234.21: bytes=32 tempo=256ms TTL=245 Resposta de 69.171.234.21: bytes=32 tempo=255ms TTL=246 Resposta de 69.171.234.21: bytes=32 tempo=251ms TTL=245 Resposta de 69.171.234.21: bytes=32 tempo=255ms TTL=246 PS.: I thank you for the nice help, but then I suppose that the first step of a step-by-step to troubleshoot is ping from command line?

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