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  • GDI+ crashes when loading PNG from IStream

    - by konforce
    I wrote something to load PNG files from a custom C++ IStream via GDI+. It worked great until I ran it on Vista machines. Crashes every time. When compiled on VS 2008, I found that inserting code into the IStream::AddRef method, such as a cout, made the problem go away. When compiling with VS 2010, it still crashes regardless of that. I stripped the program down to its basics. I copied a FileStream straight from Microsoft's documentation. It can load PNGs when using Bitmap::FromFile. It can load JPEGs, GIFs, and BMPs via FromFile or FromStream. So in short: on Vista, PNG files loaded via Bitmap::FromStream crash. #pragma comment(lib, "gdiplus.lib") #include <iostream> #include <objidl.h> #include <gdiplus.h> class FileStream : public IStream { public: FileStream(HANDLE hFile) { _refcount = 1; _hFile = hFile; } ~FileStream() { if (_hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { ::CloseHandle(_hFile); } } public: HRESULT static OpenFile(LPCWSTR pName, IStream ** ppStream, bool fWrite) { HANDLE hFile = ::CreateFileW(pName, fWrite ? GENERIC_WRITE : GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, fWrite ? CREATE_ALWAYS : OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL); if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); *ppStream = new FileStream(hFile); if(*ppStream == NULL) CloseHandle(hFile); return S_OK; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID iid, void ** ppvObject) { if (iid == __uuidof(IUnknown) || iid == __uuidof(IStream) || iid == __uuidof(ISequentialStream)) { *ppvObject = static_cast<IStream*>(this); AddRef(); return S_OK; } else return E_NOINTERFACE; } virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef(void) { return (ULONG)InterlockedIncrement(&_refcount); } virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release(void) { ULONG res = (ULONG) InterlockedDecrement(&_refcount); if (res == 0) delete this; return res; } // ISequentialStream Interface public: virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Read(void* pv, ULONG cb, ULONG* pcbRead) { ULONG local_pcbRead; BOOL rc = ReadFile(_hFile, pv, cb, &local_pcbRead, NULL); if (pcbRead) *pcbRead = local_pcbRead; return (rc) ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Write(void const* pv, ULONG cb, ULONG* pcbWritten) { BOOL rc = WriteFile(_hFile, pv, cb, pcbWritten, NULL); return rc ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); } // IStream Interface public: virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetSize(ULARGE_INTEGER) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CopyTo(IStream*, ULARGE_INTEGER, ULARGE_INTEGER*, ULARGE_INTEGER*) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Commit(DWORD) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Revert(void) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE LockRegion(ULARGE_INTEGER, ULARGE_INTEGER, DWORD) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE UnlockRegion(ULARGE_INTEGER, ULARGE_INTEGER, DWORD) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Clone(IStream **) { return E_NOTIMPL; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Seek(LARGE_INTEGER liDistanceToMove, DWORD dwOrigin, ULARGE_INTEGER* lpNewFilePointer) { DWORD dwMoveMethod; switch(dwOrigin) { case STREAM_SEEK_SET: dwMoveMethod = FILE_BEGIN; break; case STREAM_SEEK_CUR: dwMoveMethod = FILE_CURRENT; break; case STREAM_SEEK_END: dwMoveMethod = FILE_END; break; default: return STG_E_INVALIDFUNCTION; break; } if (SetFilePointerEx(_hFile, liDistanceToMove, (PLARGE_INTEGER) lpNewFilePointer, dwMoveMethod) == 0) return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); return S_OK; } virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Stat(STATSTG* pStatstg, DWORD grfStatFlag) { if (GetFileSizeEx(_hFile, (PLARGE_INTEGER) &pStatstg->cbSize) == 0) return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); return S_OK; } private: volatile HANDLE _hFile; volatile LONG _refcount; }; #define USE_STREAM int main() { Gdiplus::GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput; ULONG_PTR gdiplusToken; Gdiplus::GdiplusStartup(&gdiplusToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, NULL); Gdiplus::Bitmap *bmp; #ifndef USE_STREAM bmp = Gdiplus::Bitmap::FromFile(L"test.png", false); if (!bmp) { std::cerr << " Unable to open image file." << std::endl; return 1; } #else IStream *s; if (FileStream::OpenFile(L"test.png", &s, false) != S_OK) { std::cerr << "Unable to open image file." << std::endl; return 1; } bmp = Gdiplus::Bitmap::FromStream(s, false); #endif std::cout << "Image is " << bmp->GetWidth() << " by " << bmp->GetHeight() << std::endl; Gdiplus::GdiplusShutdown(gdiplusToken); #ifdef USE_STREAM s->Release(); #endif return 0; } Tracing and debugging, shows that it does make some calls to the IStream class. It crashes inside of lastResult = DllExports::GdipCreateBitmapFromStream(stream, &bitmap); from GdiPlusBitmap.h, which is a static inline wrapper over the flat API. Other than the reference counting, the only IStream methods it calls is stat (for file size), read, and seek. Call stack looks like: ntdll.dll!_DbgBreakPoint@0() + 0x1 bytes ntdll.dll!_RtlpBreakPointHeap@4() + 0x28 bytes ntdll.dll!_RtlpValidateHeapEntry@12() + 0x70a3c bytes ntdll.dll!_RtlDebugFreeHeap@12() + 0x9a bytes ntdll.dll!@RtlpFreeHeap@16() + 0x13cdd bytes ntdll.dll!_RtlFreeHeap@12() + 0x2e49 bytes kernel32.dll!_HeapFree@12() + 0x14 bytes ole32.dll!CRetailMalloc_Free() + 0x1c bytes ole32.dll!_CoTaskMemFree@4() + 0x13 bytes GdiPlus.dll!GpPngDecoder::GetImageInfo() + 0x68 bytes GdiPlus.dll!GpDecodedImage::InternalGetImageInfo() + 0x3c bytes GdiPlus.dll!GpDecodedImage::GetImageInfo() + 0x18 bytes GdiPlus.dll!CopyOnWriteBitmap::CopyOnWriteBitmap() + 0x49 bytes GdiPlus.dll!CopyOnWriteBitmap::Create() + 0x1d bytes GdiPlus.dll!GpBitmap::GpBitmap() + 0x2c bytes I was unable to find anybody else with the same problem, so I assume there's something wrong with my implementation...

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  • Apache: How can i see my localhost on 192.168.1.101 from 192.168.1.102?

    - by takpar
    Hi, I'm running Apache on Ubuntu. My IP address is 192.168.1.101 While http://localhost and http://192.168.1.101 work fine in my PC, I cannot access it from within my laptop using http://192.168.1.102 It's strange. I can ping 192.168.1.101 but I got "The connection has timed out." in browser. I'm using default apache config. so this is what my sites-available/default looks like: NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /home/www/public_html <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /home/www/public_html> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews #AllowOverride None AllowOverride all Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> /etc/apache2/posrts.conf NameVirtualHost *:80 Listen 80 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> # If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change # the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl # to <VirtualHost *:443> # Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not # supported by MSIE on Windows XP. Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> my laptop runs Ubuntu as well. so I don't think this is a firewall issue. commands executed in Laptop (192.168.1.102): adp@adp-laptop:~$ ping 192.168.1.101 PING 192.168.1.101 (192.168.1.101) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.101: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=32.1 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.101: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=54.8 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.101: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=77.0 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.101: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=100 ms ^C --- 192.168.1.101 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 32.193/66.193/100.717/25.463 ms adp@adp-laptop:~$ telnet 192.168.1.101 80 Trying 192.168.1.101... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out commands executed in PC (192.168.1.101): adp@adp-desktop:~$ ps afx | grep http 12672 pts/4 S+ 0:00 | \_ grep --color=auto http adp@adp-desktop:~$ ping 192.168.1.102 PING 192.168.1.102 (192.168.1.102) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.102: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=32.1 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.102: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=54.8 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.102: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=77.0 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.102: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=100 ms ^C --- 192.168.1.102 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 32.193/66.193/100.717/25.463 ms adp@adp-desktop:~$ telnet 192.168.1.102 80 Trying 192.168.1.102... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused adp@adp-desktop:~$ telnet 192.168.1.102 Trying 192.168.1.102... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused What should i do?

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  • xerces-c: Xml parsing multiple files

    - by user459811
    I'm atempting to learn xerces-c and was following this tutorial online. http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/XML-Xerces-C.html I was able to get the tutorial to compile and run through a memory checker (valgrind) with no problems however when I made alterations to the program slightly, the memory checker returned some potential leak bytes. I only added a few extra lines to main to allow the program to read two files instead of one. int main() { string configFile="sample.xml"; // stat file. Get ambigious segfault otherwise. GetConfig appConfig; appConfig.readConfigFile(configFile); cout << "Application option A=" << appConfig.getOptionA() << endl; cout << "Application option B=" << appConfig.getOptionB() << endl; // Added code configFile = "sample1.xml"; appConfig.readConfigFile(configFile); cout << "Application option A=" << appConfig.getOptionA() << endl; cout << "Application option B=" << appConfig.getOptionB() << endl; return 0; } I was wondering why is it when I added the extra lines of code to read in another xml file, it would result in the following output? ==776== Using Valgrind-3.6.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info ==776== Command: ./a.out ==776== Application option A=10 Application option B=24 Application option A=30 Application option B=40 ==776== ==776== HEAP SUMMARY: ==776== in use at exit: 6 bytes in 2 blocks ==776== total heap usage: 4,031 allocs, 4,029 frees, 1,092,045 bytes allocated ==776== ==776== 3 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 2 ==776== at 0x4C28B8C: operator new(unsigned long) (vg_replace_malloc.c:261) ==776== by 0x5225E9B: xercesc_3_1::MemoryManagerImpl::allocate(unsigned long) (MemoryManagerImpl.cpp:40) ==776== by 0x53006C8: xercesc_3_1::IconvGNULCPTranscoder::transcode(unsigned short const*, xercesc_3_1::MemoryManager*) (IconvGNUTransService.cpp:751) ==776== by 0x4038E7: GetConfig::readConfigFile(std::string&) (in /home/bonniehan/workspace/test/a.out) ==776== by 0x403B13: main (in /home/bonniehan/workspace/test/a.out) ==776== ==776== 3 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 2 of 2 ==776== at 0x4C28B8C: operator new(unsigned long) (vg_replace_malloc.c:261) ==776== by 0x5225E9B: xercesc_3_1::MemoryManagerImpl::allocate(unsigned long) (MemoryManagerImpl.cpp:40) ==776== by 0x53006C8: xercesc_3_1::IconvGNULCPTranscoder::transcode(unsigned short const*, xercesc_3_1::MemoryManager*) (IconvGNUTransService.cpp:751) ==776== by 0x40393F: GetConfig::readConfigFile(std::string&) (in /home/bonniehan/workspace/test/a.out) ==776== by 0x403B13: main (in /home/bonniehan/workspace/test/a.out) ==776== ==776== LEAK SUMMARY: ==776== definitely lost: 6 bytes in 2 blocks ==776== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==776== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==776== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==776== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==776== ==776== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==776== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 2 from 2)

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  • Convert between python array and .NET Array

    - by dungema
    I have a python method that returns a Python byte array.array('c'). Now, I want to copy this array using System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.Copy. This method however expects a .NET array. import array from System.Runtime.InteropServices import Marshal bytes = array.array('c') bytes.append('a') bytes.append('b') bytes.append('c') Marshal.Copy(bytes, dest, 0, 3) Is there a way to make this work without copying the data? If not, how do I convert the data in the Python array to the .NET array?

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  • Convert NSData into Hex NSString

    - by Dawson
    With reference to the following question: Convert NSData into HEX NSSString I have solved the problem using the solution provided by Erik Aigner which is: NSData *data = ...; NSUInteger capacity = [data length] * 2; NSMutableString *stringBuffer = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:capacity]; const unsigned char *dataBuffer = [data bytes]; NSInteger i; for (i=0; i<[data length]; ++i) { [stringBuffer appendFormat:@"%02X", (NSUInteger)dataBuffer[i]]; } However, there is one small problem in that if there are extra zeros at the back, the string value would be different. For eg. if the hexa data is of a string @"3700000000000000", when converted using a scanner to integer: unsigned result = 0; NSScanner *scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:stringBuffer]; [scanner scanHexInt:&result]; NSLog(@"INTEGER: %u",result); The result would be 4294967295, which is incorrect. Shouldn't it be 55 as only the hexa 37 is taken? So how do I get rid of the zeros? EDIT: (In response to CRD) Hi, thanks for clarifying my doubts. So what you're doing is to actually read the 64-bit integer directly from a byte pointer right? However I have another question. How do you actually cast NSData to a byte pointer? To make it easier for you to understand, I'll explain what I did originally. Firstly, what I did was to display the data of the file which I have (data is in hexadecimal) NSData *file = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:@"file path here"]; NSLog(@"Patch File: %@",file); Output: Next, what I did was to read and offset the first 8 bytes of the file and convert them into a string. // 0-8 bytes [file seekToFileOffset:0]; NSData *b = [file readDataOfLength:8]; NSUInteger capacity = [b length] * 2; NSMutableString *stringBuffer = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:capacity]; const unsigned char *dataBuffer = [b bytes]; NSInteger i; for (i=0; i<[b length]; ++i) { [stringBuffer appendFormat:@"%02X", (NSUInteger)dataBuffer[i]]; } NSLog(@"0-8 bytes HEXADECIMAL: %@",stringBuffer); As you can see, 0x3700000000000000 is the next 8 bytes. The only changes I would have to make to access the next 8 bytes would be to change the value of SeekFileToOffset to 8, so as to access the next 8 bytes of data. All in all, the solution you gave me is useful, however it would not be practical to enter the hexadecimal values manually. If formatting the bytes as a string and then parsing them is not the way to do it, then how do I access the first 8 bytes of the data directly and cast them into a byte pointer?

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  • File using .net sockets, transferring problem

    - by Sergei
    I have a client and server, client sending file to server. When i transfer files on my computer(in local) everything is ok(try to sen file over 700mb). When i try to sent file use Internet to my friend in the end of sending appears error on server "Input string is not in correct format".This error appears in this expression fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); - and i don't mind wht it's appear. File should be transfered and wait other transferring ps: sorry for too much code, but i want to find solution private: void CreateServer() { try{ IPAddress ^ipAddres = IPAddress::Parse(ipAdress); listener = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpListener(ipAddres, port); listener->Start(); clientsocket =listener->AcceptSocket(); bool keepalive = true; array<wchar_t,1> ^split = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '\0' }; array<wchar_t,1> ^split2 = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '|' }; statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; // while (keepalive) { array<Byte>^ size1 = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); clientsocket->Receive(size1); System::String ^notSplited = System::Text::Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetString(size1); array<String^> ^ tokenes = notSplited->Split(split2); System::String ^fileName = tokenes[1]->ToString(); statusBar1->Text = "Receiving file" ; unsigned long fSize = 0; //IN THIS EXPRESSIN APPEARS ERROR fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); if (!Directory::Exists("Received")) Directory::CreateDirectory("Received"); System::String ^path = "Received\\"+ fileName; while (File::Exists(path)) { int dotPos = path->LastIndexOf('.'); if (dotPos == -1) { path += "[1]"; } else { path = path->Insert(dotPos, "[1]"); } } FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(path, FileMode::CreateNew, FileAccess::Write); BinaryWriter ^f = gcnew BinaryWriter(fs); //bytes received unsigned long processed = 0; pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //loop for receive file array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { int bytes ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buf); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buf, 0, bytes); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } break; } else { int bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buffer); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buffer, 0, 1024); processed = processed + 1024; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } else break; } } statusBar1->Text = "File was received" ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1); clientsocket->Send(buf,buf->Length,SocketFlags::None); f->Close(); fs->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); } }catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } catch(System::Exception ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } } private: void CreateClient() { clientsock = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpClient(ipAdress, port); ns = clientsock->GetStream(); sr = gcnew StreamReader(ns); statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; } private:void Send() { try{ OpenFileDialog ^openFileDialog1 = gcnew OpenFileDialog(); System::String ^filePath = ""; System::String ^fileName = ""; //file choose dialog if (openFileDialog1->ShowDialog() == System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult::OK) { filePath = openFileDialog1->FileName; fileName = openFileDialog1->SafeFileName; } else { MessageBox::Show("You must select a file", "Error", MessageBoxButtons::OK, MessageBoxIcon::Exclamation); return; } statusBar1->Text = "Sending file" ; NetworkStream ^writerStream = clientsock->GetStream(); System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter ^format = gcnew System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter(); array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(filePath, FileMode::Open); BinaryReader ^br = gcnew BinaryReader(fs); //file size unsigned long fSize = (unsigned long)fs->Length; //transfer file size + name bFSize = Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetBytes(Convert::ToString(fs->Length+"|"+fileName+"|")); writerStream->Write(bFSize, 0, bFSize->Length); //status bar pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //bytes transfered unsigned long processed = 0; int bytes = 1024; //loop for transfer while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { bytes = (int)(fSize - processed); array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(bytes); br->Read(buf, 0, bytes); writerStream->Write(buf, 0, buf->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; break; } else { br->Read(buffer, 0, 1024); writerStream->Write(buffer, 0, buffer->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + 1024; } } array<Byte>^ bufsss = gcnew array<Byte>(100); writerStream->Read(bufsss,0,bufsss->Length); statusBar1->Text = "File was sent" ; btnSend->Enabled = true; fs->Close(); br->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); newThread->Abort(); } catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } } UPDATE: ok, i can add checking if clientsocket->Receive(size1); equal zero, but why he begin receiving data again , in the ending of receiving. UPDATE:After adding this checking problem remains. AND WIN RAR SAY TO OPENING ARCHIVE - unexpected end of file! UPDATE:http://img153.imageshack.us/img153/3760/erorr.gif I think it continue receiving some bytes from client(that remains in the stream), but why existes cicle while (processed < fSize)

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  • Can't access some websites using Ubuntu 13.10

    - by Adame Doe
    Something's wrong with Ubuntu. Since I've upgraded to 13.10, I can't access some websites for no apparent reason. I've tried everything imaginable to solve this problem : Made sure that MTUs are the same, Disabled IPv6 in both the network manager and used browsers, Deactivated my network keys, DMZed my computer, Used other DNS like Google and OpenDNS, Checked that no firewall was running my computer ... And it's the same result. I even tried to reinstall Ubuntu a couple of times, but no luck. The most annoying thing about it is I can't access wordpress.org! So, there's no way it could be an ISP restriction of some kind. When I use a VPN, I can access pretty much anything. I'm really frustrated because I have to use wordpress.org very often. Any clue? ifconfig adame@adame-ws:~$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:18:3d:b0:7c inet addr:10.42.0.1 Bcast:10.42.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::226:18ff:fe3d:b07c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:8024 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:7966 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:684480 (684.4 KB) TX bytes:616608 (616.6 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:8222 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8222 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:568269 (568.2 KB) TX bytes:568269 (568.2 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:70:40:85:eb inet addr:192.168.2.3 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::219:70ff:fe40:85eb/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1464 Metric:1 RX packets:123705 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:98141 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:94963545 (94.9 MB) TX bytes:10387470 (10.3 MB) /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 adame-ws ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters tracepath wordpress.org 1: adame-ws.local 0.092ms pmtu 1500 1: 192.168.2.1 1.300ms asymm 2 1: 192.168.2.1 1.060ms asymm 2 2: no reply 3: no reply 4: no reply 5: no reply 6: no reply 7: no reply 8: no reply ... keep on going like that ping wordpress.org adame@adame-ws:~$ ping wordpress.org PING wordpress.org (66.155.40.250) 56(84) bytes of data. --- wordpress.org ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 9071ms

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  • Load balancing with multiple gateways

    - by ttouch
    I have to different ISPs, each on each own network. The main connects via ethernet and the secondary via wifi. The two networks have no relation at all. I just connect to them simultaneously. The reason I want to load balance between them is to achieve higher Internet speeds. Note: I have no advanced network hardware. Just my pc and the two routers that I have no access... main network: if: eth0 gw: 192.168.178.1 my ip: 192.168.178.95 speed: 400 kbit/s secondary network: if: wlan0 gw: 192.168.1.1 my ip: 192.168.1.95 speed: 300 kbit/s A diagram to explain the situation: http://i.imgur.com/NZdsv.jpg I'm on Arch Linux x64. I use netcfg to configure the interfaces Configs: # /etc/network.d/main CONNECTION='ethernet' DESCRIPTION='A basic static ethernet connection using iproute' INTERFACE='eth0' IP='static' ADDR='192.168.178.95' # /etc/network.d/second CONNECTION='wireless' DESCRIPTION='A simple WEP encrypted wireless connection' INTERFACE='wlan0' SECURITY='wep' ESSID='wifi_essid' KEY='the_password' IP="static" ADDR='192.168.1.95' And I use iptables to load balance, rules: #!/bin/bash /usr/sbin/ip route flush table ISP1 2>/dev/null /usr/sbin/ip rule del fwmark 101 table ISP1 2>/dev/null /usr/sbin/ip route add table ISP1 192.168.178.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.178.95 metric 202 /usr/sbin/ip route add table ISP1 default via 192.168.178.1 dev eth0 /usr/sbin/ip rule add fwmark 101 table ISP1 /usr/sbin/ip route flush table ISP2 2>/dev/null /usr/sbin/ip rule del fwmark 102 table ISP2 2>/dev/null /usr/sbin/ip route add table ISP2 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.95 metric 202 /usr/sbin/ip route add table ISP2 default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 /usr/sbin/ip rule add fwmark 102 table ISP2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -F /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -X /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -N MARK-gw1 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw1 -m comment --comment 'send via 192.168.178.1' -j MARK --set-mark 101 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw1 -j CONNMARK --save-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw1 -j RETURN /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -N MARK-gw2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw2 -m comment --comment 'send via 192.168.1.1' -j MARK --set-mark 102 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw2 -j CONNMARK --save-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw2 -j RETURN /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -j CONNMARK --restore-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m comment --comment "this stream is already marked; escape early" -m mark ! --mark 0 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m comment --comment 'prevent asynchronous routing' -i eth0 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j MARK-gw1 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m comment --comment 'prevent asynchronous routing' -i wlan0 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j MARK-gw2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -N DEF_POL /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'default balancing' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j CONNMARK --restore-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'default balancing' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j CONNMARK --restore-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw1 tcp' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 0 -j MARK-gw1 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw1 tcp' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 0 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw2 tcp' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 1 -j MARK-gw2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw2 tcp' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 1 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw1 udp' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 0 -j MARK-gw1 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw1 udp' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 0 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw2 udp' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 1 -j MARK-gw2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw2 udp' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 1 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -j DEF_POL /usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -m comment --comment 'snat outbound eth0' -o eth0 -s 192.168.0.0/16 -m mark --mark 101 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.178.95 /usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -m comment --comment 'snat outbound wlan0' -o wlan0 -s 192.168.0.0/16 -m mark --mark 102 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.95 /usr/sbin/ip route flush cache (this script was made by fukawi2, I don't know how to use iptables) but I have no Internet connection... output of iptables -t mangle -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1254K packets, 1519M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1278K 1535M CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 CONNMARK restore 21532 15M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* this stream is already marked; escape early */ mark match ! 0x0 582 72579 MARK-gw1 all -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* prevent asynchronous routing */ ctstate NEW 2376 696K MARK-gw2 all -- wlan0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* prevent asynchronous routing */ ctstate NEW 1257K 1520M DEF_POL all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 1276K packets, 1535M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 870K packets, 97M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 870K packets, 97M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain DEF_POL (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1236K 1517M CONNMARK tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* default balancing */ ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED CONNMARK restore 15163 2041K CONNMARK udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* default balancing */ ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED CONNMARK restore 555 33176 MARK-gw1 tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw1 tcp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 555 33176 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw1 tcp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 277 16516 MARK-gw2 tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw2 tcp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 packet 1 277 16516 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw2 tcp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 packet 1 1442 384K MARK-gw1 udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw1 udp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 1442 384K ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw1 udp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 720 189K MARK-gw2 udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw2 udp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 packet 1 720 189K ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw2 udp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 packet 1 Chain MARK-gw1 (3 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 2579 490K MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* send via 192.168.178.1 */ MARK set 0x65 2579 490K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 CONNMARK save 2579 490K RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain MARK-gw2 (3 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 3373 901K MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* send via 192.168.1.1 */ MARK set 0x66 3373 901K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 CONNMARK save 3373 901K RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0

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  • Troubleshooting latency spikes on ESXi NFS datastores

    - by exo_cw
    I'm experiencing fsync latencies of around five seconds on NFS datastores in ESXi, triggered by certain VMs. I suspect this might be caused by VMs using NCQ/TCQ, as this does not happen with virtual IDE drives. This can be reproduced using fsync-tester (by Ted Ts'o) and ioping. For example using a Grml live system with a 8GB disk: Linux 2.6.33-grml64: root@dynip211 /mnt/sda # ./fsync-tester fsync time: 5.0391 fsync time: 5.0438 fsync time: 5.0300 fsync time: 0.0231 fsync time: 0.0243 fsync time: 5.0382 fsync time: 5.0400 [... goes on like this ...] That is 5 seconds, not milliseconds. This is even creating IO-latencies on a different VM running on the same host and datastore: root@grml /mnt/sda/ioping-0.5 # ./ioping -i 0.3 -p 20 . 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=1 time=7.2 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=2 time=0.9 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=3 time=0.9 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=4 time=0.9 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=5 time=4809.0 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=6 time=1.0 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=7 time=1.2 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=8 time=1.1 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=9 time=1.3 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=10 time=1.2 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=11 time=1.0 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=12 time=4950.0 ms When I move the first VM to local storage it looks perfectly normal: root@dynip211 /mnt/sda # ./fsync-tester fsync time: 0.0191 fsync time: 0.0201 fsync time: 0.0203 fsync time: 0.0206 fsync time: 0.0192 fsync time: 0.0231 fsync time: 0.0201 [... tried that for one hour: no spike ...] Things I've tried that made no difference: Tested several ESXi Builds: 381591, 348481, 260247 Tested on different hardware, different Intel and AMD boxes Tested with different NFS servers, all show the same behavior: OpenIndiana b147 (ZFS sync always or disabled: no difference) OpenIndiana b148 (ZFS sync always or disabled: no difference) Linux 2.6.32 (sync or async: no difference) It makes no difference if the NFS server is on the same machine (as a virtual storage appliance) or on a different host Guest OS tested, showing problems: Windows 7 64 Bit (using CrystalDiskMark, latency spikes happen mostly during preparing phase) Linux 2.6.32 (fsync-tester + ioping) Linux 2.6.38 (fsync-tester + ioping) I could not reproduce this problem on Linux 2.6.18 VMs. Another workaround is to use virtual IDE disks (vs SCSI/SAS), but that is limiting performance and the number of drives per VM. Update 2011-06-30: The latency spikes seem to happen more often if the application writes in multiple small blocks before fsync. For example fsync-tester does this (strace output): pwrite(3, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"..., 1048576, 0) = 1048576 fsync(3) = 0 ioping does this while preparing the file: [lots of pwrites] pwrite(3, "********************************"..., 4096, 1036288) = 4096 pwrite(3, "********************************"..., 4096, 1040384) = 4096 pwrite(3, "********************************"..., 4096, 1044480) = 4096 fsync(3) = 0 The setup phase of ioping almost always hangs, while fsync-tester sometimes works fine. Is someone capable of updating fsync-tester to write multiple small blocks? My C skills suck ;) Update 2011-07-02: This problem does not occur with iSCSI. I tried this with the OpenIndiana COMSTAR iSCSI server. But iSCSI does not give you easy access to the VMDK files so you can move them between hosts with snapshots and rsync. Update 2011-07-06: This is part of a wireshark capture, captured by a third VM on the same vSwitch. This all happens on the same host, no physical network involved. I've started ioping around time 20. There were no packets sent until the five second delay was over: No. Time Source Destination Protocol Info 1082 16.164096 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 NFS V3 WRITE Call (Reply In 1085), FH:0x3eb56466 Offset:0 Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1083 16.164112 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 NFS V3 WRITE Call (Reply In 1086), FH:0x3eb56f66 Offset:0 Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1084 16.166060 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 TCP nfs > iclcnet-locate [ACK] Seq=445 Ack=1057 Win=32806 Len=0 TSV=432016 TSER=769110 1085 16.167678 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 NFS V3 WRITE Reply (Call In 1082) Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1086 16.168280 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 NFS V3 WRITE Reply (Call In 1083) Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1087 16.168417 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 TCP iclcnet-locate > nfs [ACK] Seq=1057 Ack=773 Win=4163 Len=0 TSV=769110 TSER=432016 1088 23.163028 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 NFS V3 GETATTR Call (Reply In 1089), FH:0x0bb04963 1089 23.164541 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 NFS V3 GETATTR Reply (Call In 1088) Directory mode:0777 uid:0 gid:0 1090 23.274252 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 TCP iclcnet-locate > nfs [ACK] Seq=1185 Ack=889 Win=4163 Len=0 TSV=769821 TSER=432716 1091 24.924188 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1092 24.924210 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1093 24.924216 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1094 24.924225 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1095 24.924555 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 TCP nfs > iclcnet_svinfo [ACK] Seq=6893 Ack=1118613 Win=32625 Len=0 TSV=432892 TSER=769986 1096 24.924626 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1097 24.924635 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1098 24.924643 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1099 24.924649 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1100 24.924653 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 2nd Update 2011-07-06: There seems to be some influence from TCP window sizes. I was not able to reproduce this problem using FreeNAS (based on FreeBSD) as a NFS server. The wireshark captures showed TCP window updates to 29127 bytes in regular intervals. I did not see them with OpenIndiana, which uses larger window sizes by default. I can no longer reproduce this problem if I set the following options in OpenIndiana and restart the NFS server: ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 8192 # default is 128000 ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_max_buf 1048575 # default is 1048576 But this kills performance: Writing from /dev/zero to a file with dd_rescue goes from 170MB/s to 80MB/s. Update 2011-07-07: I've uploaded this tcpdump capture (can be analyzed with wireshark). In this case 192.168.250.2 is the NFS server (OpenIndiana b148) and 192.168.250.10 is the ESXi host. Things I've tested during this capture: Started "ioping -w 5 -i 0.2 ." at time 30, 5 second hang in setup, completed at time 40. Started "ioping -w 5 -i 0.2 ." at time 60, 5 second hang in setup, completed at time 70. Started "fsync-tester" at time 90, with the following output, stopped at time 120: fsync time: 0.0248 fsync time: 5.0197 fsync time: 5.0287 fsync time: 5.0242 fsync time: 5.0225 fsync time: 0.0209 2nd Update 2011-07-07: Tested another NFS server VM, this time NexentaStor 3.0.5 community edition: Shows the same problems. Update 2011-07-31: I can also reproduce this problem on the new ESXi build 4.1.0.433742.

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  • DHCPDISCOVER requests from an off-by-one MAC address

    - by Aleksandr Levchuk
    In a Linux DHCP server I'm getting a bunch of these log lines: dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:30:48:fe:5c:9c via eth1: network 192.168.2.0/24: no free leases I don't have any machines with 00:30:48:fe:5c:9c and I don't intend to give out an IP to 00:30:48:fe:5c:9c (whatever that could be). I tracked down the server that this is coming from and killed all the DHCP clients that were running but the DHCPDISCOVER requests do not stop. I can prove that this is the sending server by pulling the Ethernet cable - the requests stop. The strange thing is that the sending server only has 2 interfaces which are: 00:30:48:fe:5c:9a 00:30:48:fe:5c:9b What can be the cause of the off-by-one address? Who could be sending the requests? Details On the DHCP client: root@n34:~# ip link 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 100 link/ether 00:30:48:fe:5c:9a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eth1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:30:48:fe:5c:9b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4: ib0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 2044 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 256 link/infiniband 80:00:00:48:fe:80:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:02:c9:03:00:08:81:9f brd 00:ff:ff:ff:ff:12:40:1b:ff:ff:00:00:00:00:00:00:ff:ff:ff:ff 5: ib1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 2044 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 256 link/infiniband 80:00:00:49:fe:80:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:02:c9:03:00:08:81:a0 brd 00:ff:ff:ff:ff:12:40:1b:ff:ff:00:00:00:00:00:00:ff:ff:ff:ff Same info: root@n34:~# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:30:48:fe:5c:9a inet addr:192.168.2.234 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::230:48ff:fefe:5c9a/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:72544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:152773 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:4908592 (4.6 MiB) TX bytes:89815782 (85.6 MiB) Memory:dfd60000-dfd80000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:30:48:fe:5c:9b UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Memory:dfde0000-dfe00000 ib0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 80-00-00-48-FE-80-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:2044 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:256 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) ib1 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 80-00-00-49-FE-80-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:192.168.3.234 Bcast:192.168.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::202:c903:8:81a0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:2044 Metric:1 RX packets:1330 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:255 errors:0 dropped:5 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:256 RX bytes:716415 (699.6 KiB) TX bytes:17584 (17.1 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:560 (560.0 B) TX bytes:560 (560.0 B) The nodes were imaged with Perseus which uses kexec instead of rebooting.

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  • linux routing bug?

    - by Balázs Pozsár
    I have been struggling with this not easily reproducible issue since a while. I am using linux kernel v3.1.0, and sometimes routing to a few IP addresses does not work. What seems to happen is that instead of sending the packet to the gateway, the kernel treats the destination address as local, and tries to gets its MAC address via ARP. For example, now my current IP address is 172.16.1.104/24, the gateway is 172.16.1.254: # ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1B:63:97:FC:DC inet addr:172.16.1.104 Bcast:172.16.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:230772 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:171013 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:191879370 (182.9 Mb) TX bytes:47173253 (44.9 Mb) Interrupt:17 # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 I can ping a few addresses, but not 172.16.0.59: # ping -c1 172.16.1.254 PING 172.16.1.254 (172.16.1.254) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.383 ms --- 172.16.1.254 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.383/0.383/0.383/0.000 ms root@pozsybook:~# ping -c1 172.16.0.1 PING 172.16.0.1 (172.16.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=5.54 ms --- 172.16.0.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.545/5.545/5.545/0.000 ms root@pozsybook:~# ping -c1 172.16.0.2 PING 172.16.0.2 (172.16.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=7.92 ms --- 172.16.0.2 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.925/7.925/7.925/0.000 ms root@pozsybook:~# ping -c1 172.16.0.59 PING 172.16.0.59 (172.16.0.59) 56(84) bytes of data. From 172.16.1.104 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable --- 172.16.0.59 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors, 100% packet loss, time 0ms When trying to ping 172.16.0.59, I can see in tcpdump that an ARP req was sent: # tcpdump -n -i eth0|grep ARP tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 15:25:16.671217 ARP, Request who-has 172.16.0.59 tell 172.16.1.104, length 28 and /proc/net/arp has an incomplete entry for 172.16.0.59: # grep 172.16.0.59 /proc/net/arp 172.16.0.59 0x1 0x0 00:00:00:00:00:00 * eth0 Please note, that 172.16.0.59 is accessible from this LAN from other computers. Does anyone have any idea of what's going on? Thanks. update: replies to the comments below: there are no interfaces besides eth0 and lo the ARP req cannot be seen on the other end, but that's how it should work. the main problem is that an ARP req should not even be sent at the first place the problem persist even if I add an explicit route with the command "route add -host 172.16.0.59 gw 172.16.1.254 dev eth0"

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  • Why does Ubuntu only detect one USB LAN adapters at a time?

    - by EGO
    I try to connect real switch with my computer for an exam preparation, for this purpose I need more than one LAN cards, and there is only one built in LAN card in my computer. So, to get more LAN cards, I bought 4 USB Ethernet adapters (as I have 4 usb ports in may laptop 2 usb 2.0 ports, 2 usb 3.0 ports). When I plug these adapters in my computer Ubuntu only detects one LAN card from 2.0 usb ports, and one LAN card from 3.0 ports. And sometimes detects only one USB LAN from all the usb ports. Actually the real problem is Ubuntu shows these USB LAN adapters in the "lsusb", but does not list them in "ifconfig". Kontron (Industrial Computer Source / ICS Advent) is my LAN USB ethernet. abc@ubuntu:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hu Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hu Bus 002 Device 012: ID 0fe6:9700 Kontron (Industrial Computer Source / ICS Advent) Bus 001 Device 003: ID 138a:0018 Validity Sensors, Inc. Bus 001 Device 004: ID 064e:e258 Suyin Corp. Bus 003 Device 011: ID 0fe6:9700 Kontron (Industrial Computer Source / ICS Advent) Bus 002 Device 013: ID 0fe6:9700 Kontron (Industrial Computer Source / ICS Advent) Bus 003 Device 012: ID 0fe6:9700 Kontron (Industrial Computer Source / ICS Advent) Bus 002 Device 005: ID 0a5c:21b4 Broadcom Corp. BCM2070 Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR -- etho is my built in LAN card, while eth1 is the only USB LAN card that ubuntu has detected. abc@ubuntu:~$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 2c:27:d7:a5:d2:39 inet6 addr: fe80::2e27:d7ff:fea5:d239/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:21056 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5669 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1407289 (1.4 MB) TX bytes:372566 (372.5 KB) Interrupt:49 Base address:0xa000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:e0:4c:53:44:58 inet6 addr: fe80::2e0:4cff:fe53:4458/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:9230 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9230 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:557648 (557.6 KB) TX bytes:557648 (557.6 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr cc:52:af:5e:78:05 inet addr:192.168.1.65 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::ce52:afff:fe5e:7805/64 Scope:LinkU UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:17389 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12231 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:22452248 (22.4 MB) TX bytes:1502750 (1.5 MB) If I unplug the USB LAN card which Ubuntu has detected, then Ubuntu will detect a USB LAN card from the remaining plugged adapters, and process go on untill I plug all the USB LAN adapters. Looking for some urgent help. Thanks

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  • KVM + Cloudmin + IpTables

    - by Alex
    I have a KVM virtualization on a machine. I use Ubuntu Server + Cloudmin (in order to manage virtual machine instances). On a host system I have four network interfaces: ebadmin@saturn:/var/log$ ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:d2:ec:16:38 inet addr:192.168.0.253 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:feec:1638/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:589337 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:334357 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:753652448 (753.6 MB) TX bytes:43385198 (43.3 MB) br1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6e:a4:06:39:26:60 inet addr:192.168.10.1 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6ca4:6ff:fe39:2660/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:16995 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13309 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2059264 (2.0 MB) TX bytes:1763980 (1.7 MB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:d2:ec:16:38 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:610558 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:332382 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:769477564 (769.4 MB) TX bytes:44360402 (44.3 MB) Interrupt:20 Memory:fe400000-fe420000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:239632 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:239632 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:50738052 (50.7 MB) TX bytes:50738052 (50.7 MB) tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6e:a4:06:39:26:60 inet6 addr: fe80::6ca4:6ff:fe39:2660/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:17821 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13703 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:2370468 (2.3 MB) TX bytes:1782356 (1.7 MB) br0 is connected to a real network, br1 is used to create a private network shared between guest systems. Now I need to configure iptables for network access. First of all I allow ssh sessions on port 8022 on the host system, then I allow all connections in state RELATED, ESTABLISHED. This is working ok. I install another system as guest, it's IP address is 192.168.10.2, and now I have two problems: I want to allow the access from this host to the outside world, cannot accomplish this. I can ssh from the host. I want to be able to ssh to the guest from the outside world using 8023 port. Cannot accomplish this. Full iptables configuration is following: ebadmin@saturn:/var/log$ sudo iptables --list [sudo] password for ebadmin: Chain INPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:8022 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED LOG all -- anywhere anywhere LOG level warning Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination LOG all -- anywhere anywhere LOG level warning Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination LOG all -- anywhere anywhere LOG level warning ebadmin@saturn:/var/log$ sudo iptables -t nat --list Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination DNAT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp spt:8023 to:192.168.10.2:22 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination The worst of all is that I don't know how to interpret iptables logs. I don't see the final decision of the firewall. Need help urgently.

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  • Can't connect to certain HTTPS sites

    - by mind.blank
    I've just moved to a new apartment and with internet connection via a router and I'm finding that I can't connect to quite a few sites that use SSL. For example trying to connect to PayPal: curl -v https://paypal.com * About to connect() to paypal.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 66.211.169.3... connected * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: none CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * Unknown SSL protocol error in connection to paypal.com:443 * Closing connection #0 curl: (35) Unknown SSL protocol error in connection to paypal.com:443 curl -v -ssl https://paypal.com gives the same output. For some sites it works: curl -v https://www.google.com * About to connect() to www.google.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 74.125.235.112... connected * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: none CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSL connection using ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA * Server certificate: * subject: C=US; ST=California; L=Mountain View; O=Google Inc; CN=www.google.com * start date: 2011-10-26 00:00:00 GMT * expire date: 2013-09-30 23:59:59 GMT * common name: www.google.com (matched) * issuer: C=ZA; O=Thawte Consulting (Pty) Ltd.; CN=Thawte SGC CA * SSL certificate verify ok. > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3 > Host: www.google.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 302 Found < Location: https://www.google.co.jp/ . . . I'm using Ubuntu 12.04, with Windows 7 installed as well. These sites work on Windows :( Not sure if this information helps but I ran ifconfig and got the following: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1c:c1:de:bc:e2:4f inet6 addr: 2408:c3:7fff:991:686b:8d18:81b3:8dd1/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: 2408:c3:7fff:991:1ec1:deff:febc:e24f/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: fe80::1ec1:deff:febc:e24f/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:87075 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:54522 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:78167937 (78.1 MB) TX bytes:10016891 (10.0 MB) Interrupt:46 Base address:0x4000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ac:81:12:0d:93:80 inet6 addr: fe80::ae81:12ff:fe0d:9380/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:498 TX packets:0 errors:26 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:17 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:39592 (39.5 KB) TX bytes:39592 (39.5 KB) ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:180.57.228.200 P-t-P:118.23.8.175 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1 RX packets:39631 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:22391 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:43462054 (43.4 MB) TX bytes:2834628 (2.8 MB)

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  • Sparse virtual machine disk image resizing weirdness?

    - by Matt H
    I have a partitioned virtual machine disk image created by vmware. What I want to do is resize that by 10GB. The file size is showing as 64424509440. Or 60GB. So I ran this: dd if=/dev/zero of=./win7.img seek=146800640 count=0 It ran without errors and I can verify the new size is in fact 75161927680 bytes or 70GB. This is where it gets a little odd. I started the guest domain in xen which is a Windows 7 enterprise machine. What I was expecting to see in diskmgmt.msc is 2 partitions. 1 system partition at the start of around 100MB and near 60GB partition (which is C drive) followed by around 10GB of free space. Actually what I saw was a 70GB partition!?! That confused me... so I decided to run the Check Disk which when you set it on the C drive it asks you to reboot so it'll run on boot. So I did that and during the boot it ran the checks. It got all the way through stage 3 and didn't show any errors at all. Looked at the partitions in disk manager and now C drive has shrunk back to 60GB and there is no free space. What gives? Ok, I thought I'd try mounting it under Dom0 and examining it with fdisk. This is what I get when mounted sudo xl block-attach 0 tap:aio:/home/xen/vms/otoy_v1202-xen.img xvda w sudo fdisk -l /dev/xvda Disk /dev/xvda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x582dfc96 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/xvda2 13 7833 62810112 7 HPFS/NTFS Note the cylinder boundary comment. When I run sudo cfdisk /dev/xvda I get: FATAL ERROR: Bad primary partition 1: Partition ends in the final partial cylinder Press any key to exit cfdisk So I guess this is a bigger problem than first thought. How can I fix this? EDIT: Oops, the cylinder boundary thing is not a problem at all since disks have used LBA etc. So that threw me for a moment... still the problem exists... Now this output looks a little different. sudo sfdisk -uS -l /dev/xvda Disk /dev/xvda: 7832 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/xvda1 * 2048 206847 204800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/xvda2 206848 125827071 125620224 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/xvda3 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/xvda4 0 - 0 0 Empty BTW: I do have a backup of the image so if you help me mess it up that's ok. EDIT: sudo parted /dev/xvda print free Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd) Disk /dev/xvda: 64.4GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 32.3kB 1049kB 1016kB Free Space 1 1049kB 106MB 105MB primary ntfs boot 2 106MB 64.4GB 64.3GB primary ntfs 64.4GB 64.4GB 1049kB Free Space Cool. Linux is showing free space is 10GB which is what I expect. The problem is windows isn't seeing this?

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  • Byte array serialization in JSON.NET

    - by Daniel Earwicker
    Given this simple class: class HasBytes { public byte[] Bytes { get; set; } } I can round-trip it through JSON using JSON.NET such that the byte array is base-64 encoded: var bytes = new HasBytes { Bytes = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 } }; // turn it into a JSON string var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(bytes); // get back a new instance of HasBytes var result1 = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<HasBytes>(json); // all is well Debug.Assert(bytes.Bytes.SequenceEqual(result1.Bytes)); But if I deserialize this-a-wise: var result2 = (HasBytes)new JsonSerializer().Deserialize( new JTokenReader( JToken.ReadFrom(new JsonTextReader( new StringReader(json)))), typeof(HasBytes)); ... it throws an exception, "Expected bytes but got string". What other options/flags/whatever would need to be added to the "complicated" version to make it properly decode the base-64 string to initialize the byte array? Obviously I'd prefer to use the simple version but I'm trying to work with a CouchDB wrapper library called Divan, which sadly uses the complicated version, with the responsibilities for tokenizing/deserializing widely separated, and I want to make the simplest possible patch to how it currently works.

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  • Which fieldtype is best for storing PRICE values?

    - by BerggreenDK
    Hi there I am wondering whats the best "price field" in MSSQL for a shoplike structure? Looking at this overview: http://www.teratrax.com/sql_guide/data_types/sql_server_data_types.html We have datatypes called money, smallmoney, then we have decimal/numeric and lastly float and real Name, memory/disk-usage and value ranges: Money: 8 bytes (values: -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to +922,337,203,685,477.5807) Smallmoney: 4 bytes (values: -214,748.3648 to +214,748.3647) Decimal: 9 [default, min. 5] bytes (values: -10^38 +1 to 10^38 -1 ) Float: 8 bytes (values: -1.79E+308 to 1.79E+308 ) Real: 4 bytes (values: -3.40E+38 to 3.40E+38 ) My question is: is it really wise to store pricevalues in those types? what about eg. INT? Int: 4 bytes (values: -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647) Lets say a shop uses dollars, they have cents, but I dont see prices being $49.2142342 so the use of a lot of decimals showing cents seems waste of SQL bandwidth. Secondly, most shops wouldn't show any prices near 200.000.000 (not in normal webshops at least... unless someone is trying to sell me a famous tower in Paris) So why not go for an int? An int is fast, its only 4 bytes and you can easily make decimals, by saving values in cents instead of dollars and then divide when you present the values. The other approach would be to use smallmoney which is 4 bytes too, but this will require the math part of the CPU to do the calc, where as Int is integer power... on the downside you will need to divide every single outcome. Are there any "currency" related problems with regionalsettings when using smallmoney/money fields? what will these transfer too in C#/.NET ? Any pros/cons? Go for integer prices or smallmoney or some other? Whats does your experience tell?

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  • How to map a test onto a list of numbers

    - by Arthur Ulfeldt
    I have a function with a bug: user> (-> 42 int-to-bytes bytes-to-int) 42 user> (-> 128 int-to-bytes bytes-to-int) -128 user> looks like I need to handle overflow when converting back... Better write a test to make sure this never happens again. This project is using clojure.contrib.test-is so i write: (deftest int-to-bytes-to-int (let [lots-of-big-numbers (big-test-numbers)] (map #(is (= (-> % int-to-bytes bytes-to-int) %)) lots-of-big-numbers))) This should be testing converting to a seq of bytes and back again produces the origional result on a list of 10000 random numbers. Looks OK in theory? except none of the tests ever run. Testing com.cryptovide.miscTest Ran 23 tests containing 34 assertions. 0 failures, 0 errors. why don't the tests run? what can I do to make them run?

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  • What is my miniport's service name?

    - by Ian Boyd
    i am trying to query the physical sector size of my drive using fsutil: C:\Windows\system32>fsutil fsinfo ntfsinfo c: NTFS Volume Serial Number : 0x78cc11b2cc116c1e Version : 3.1 Number Sectors : 0x000000003a382fff Total Clusters : 0x00000000074705ff Free Clusters : 0x00000000022fc29b Total Reserved : 0x00000000000007d0 Bytes Per Sector : 512 Bytes Per Physical Sector : <Not Supported> Bytes Per Cluster : 4096 Bytes Per FileRecord Segment : 1024 Clusters Per FileRecord Segment : 0 Mft Valid Data Length : 0x00000000305c0000 Mft Start Lcn : 0x00000000000c0000 Mft2 Start Lcn : 0x0000000003a382ff Mft Zone Start : 0x0000000006951940 Mft Zone End : 0x0000000006951c80 RM Identifier: 19B22CBE-570D-19DE-9C72-CD758F800DDC You can see that the Bytes Per Physical Sector value is Not Supported: Bytes Per Physical Sector : <Not Supported> In KB Article Microsoft support policy for 4K sector hard drives in Windows, Microsoft says: If fsutil.exe continues to display "Bytes Per Physical Sector : " after you apply the latest storage driver and the required hotfixes, make sure that the following registry path exists: HKLM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<miniport’s service name>\Parameters\Device\ Name: EnableQueryAccessAlignment Type: REG_DWORD Value: 1: Enable The only thing i don't know is what my Miniport's service name is. What is my miniport's service name. i know that my SATA drives are in AHCI mode, and AHCI uses the msahci driver service: Is that my miniport service? "MSAHCI"? See also Hitachi - Advanced Format Technology Brief RMPrepUSB - Advanced Format (4K sector) hard disks Microsoft support policy for 4K sector hard drives in Windows OSR Online - Advance Disk Format support in Storport Virtual Mniport diver Default cluster size for NTFS, FAT, and exFAT Wikipedia - Advanced Format

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  • What is the "in-the-wire" size of a ethernet frame? 1518 or 1542?

    - by chrisapotek
    According to the table here, it says that MTU = 1500 bytes and that the payload part is 1500 - 42 bytes or 1458 bytes (<- this is actually wrong!). Now on top of that you have to add IPv4 and UDP headers, which are 28 bytes (20 IP + 8 UDP). That leaves my maximum possible application message to as 1430 bytes! But by looking for this number in the Internet I see 1472 instead. Am I doing this calculation wrong here? All I want to find out is the maximum application message I can send over the wire without the risk of fragmentation. It is definitely not 1500 because that includes the frame headers. Can someone help? The confusion is the the PAYLOAD can actually be as large as 1500 bytes and that's the MTU. So now what is the size in-the-wire for a payload of 1500? From that table it can be as big as 1542 bytes. So the maximum app messages I can send is 1472 (1500 - 20 (ip) - 8 (udp)) for a maximum in the wire size of 1542. It amazes me how things can get so complicated when they are actually simple. And I have not clue how someone came up with the number 1518 if the table says 1542.

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  • Network traffic is not being forwarded from a VM to the network using a bridged interface with Xen + libvirt

    - by foob
    I'm having trouble getting network access from a VM that I'm running using Xen and libvirt. I've been trying different things and reading similar posts online for a couple of days but I'm really stuck at this point. If anybody could offer some insight it would be much appreciated. I have a VM that I'm running on a host with a bridge set up as br0 and an interface eth0 on a 192.168.60.0/24 subnet. The networking portion of the libvirt configuration xml is: <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='ff:a0:d1:e5:07:de'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <script path='/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge'/> <model type='virtio' /> </interface> When I start the VM a vif6.0 interface is created on the host and the ifconfig output is: br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:A0:D1:C3:07:DE inet addr:192.168.60.33 Bcast:192.168.60.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::2a0:d1ff:fee5:7de/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:40 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:3570 (3.4 KiB) TX bytes:3508 (3.4 KiB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:A0:D1:C3:07:DE inet6 addr: fe80::2a0:d1ff:fee5:7de/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:492 (492.0 b) Interrupt:19 Memory:fe8f0000-fe900000 vif6.0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF inet6 addr: fe80::fcff:ffff:feff:ffff/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:6660 (6.5 KiB) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) The 'brctl show' output seems to show the bridge being configured correctly: br0 8000.00a0d1e507de no eth0 vif6.0 The ifcfg-eth0 contents in the VM are: DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static HWADDR=FF:A0:D1:E5:07:DE IPADDR=192.168.60.133 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ONBOOT=yes and the output of ifconfig in the VM look like what I would expect: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FF:A0:D1:E5:07:DE inet addr:192.168.60.133 Bcast:192.168.60.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::fda0:d1ff:fee5:7de/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:468 (468.0 b) TX bytes:7780 (7.5 KiB) but when I try to ssh or ping another computer I get 'no route to host.' Using tcpdump on the host system I tried to see if I could narrow down where the problem is: # tcpdump -vv -i vif6.0 tcpdump: WARNING: vif6.0: no IPv4 address assigned tcpdump: listening on vif6.0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 14:49:40.833997 arp who-has 192.168.60.35 tell 192.168.60.133 14:49:41.833314 arp who-has 192.168.60.35 tell 192.168.60.133 14:49:42.833309 arp who-has 192.168.60.35 tell 192.168.60.133 So the VM is sending out out an arp who-has packet when I try to ssh to 192.168.60.35. I think that this means the setup within the VM is ok and that this is an issue on the host system. If I run tcpdump with the interface of br0 then I don't see these arp packets. My thought here is that the packets are being blocked before going on to the bridge somehow. I tried adding an iptables rule to resolve this: -A FORWARD -m physdev --physdev-is-bridged -j ACCEPT but it didn't work. I also tried the following: /sbin/sysctl -w net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=0 /sbin/sysctl -w net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=0 /sbin/sysctl -w net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables=0 /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 which had no impact. Is it obvious to somebody who has more experience than me what I'm missing here? Should vif6.0 have the same MAC address is eth0 in the vm? Do I need more rules in my iptables? Thanks for any help!

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