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  • SQL - Query to display average as either "longer than" or "shorter than"

    - by user1840801
    Here are the tables I've created: CREATE TABLE Plane_new (Pnum char(3), Feature varchar2(20), Ptype varchar2(15), primary key (Pnum)); CREATE TABLE Employee_new (eid char(3), ename varchar(10), salary number(7,2), mid char(3), PRIMARY KEY (eid), FOREIGN KEY (mid) REFERENCES Employee_new); CREATE TABLE Pilot_new (eid char(3), Licence char(9), primary key (eid), foreign key (eid) references Employee_new on delete cascade); CREATE TABLE FlightI_new (Fnum char(4), Fdate date, Duration number(2), Pid char(3), Pnum char(3), primary key (Fnum), foreign key (Pid) references Pilot_new (eid), foreign key (Pnum) references Plane_new); And here is the query I must complete: For each flight, display its number, the name of the pilot who implemented the flight and the words ‘Longer than average’ if the flight duration was longer than average or the words ‘Shorter than average’ if the flight duration was shorter than or equal to the average. For the column holding the words ‘Longer than average’ or ‘Shorter than average’ make a header Length. Here is what I've come up with - with no luck! SELECT F.Fnum, E.ename, CASE Length WHEN F.Duration>(SELECT AVG(F.Duration) FROM FlightI_new F) THEN "Longer than average" WHEN F.Duration<=(SELECT AVG(F.Duration) FROM FlightI_new F) THEN 'Shorter than average' END FROM FlightI_new F LEFT OUTER JOIN Employee_new E ON F.Pid=E.eid GROUP BY F.Fnum, E.ename; Where am I going wrong?

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  • adresse book with C programming, i have problem with library i think, couldn't complite my code

    - by osabri
    I've divided my code in small programm so it can be easy to excute /* ab_error.c : in case of errors following messages will be displayed */ #include "adressbook.h" static char *errormsg[] = { "", "\nNot enough space on disk", "\nCannot open file", "\nCannot read file", "\nCannot write file" }; void check(int error) { switch(error) { case 0: return; case 1: write_file(); case 2: case 3: case 4: system("cls"); fputs(errormsg[error], stderr); exit(error); } } 2nd /* ab_fileio.c : functions for file input/output */ include "adressbook.h" static char ab_file[] = "ADRESSBOOK.DAT"; //file to save the entries int read_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *new_e, *last_e = NULL; DATA buffer; if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "rb")) == NULL) return -1; //no file found while (fread(&buffer, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) == 1) //reads one list element after another { if( (new_e = make_element()) == NULL) { error = 1; break; //not enough space } new_e->person = buffer; //copy data to new element new_e->next = NULL; if(hol.first == NULL) //list is empty? hol.first = new_e; //yes else last_e->next = new_e; //no last_e = new_e; ++hol.amount; } if( !error && !feof(fp) ) error = 3; //cannot read file fclose(fp); return error; } /-------------------------------/ int write_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *p; if( (p = hol.first) == NULL) return 0; //list is empty if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "wb")) == NULL) return 2; //cannot open while( p!= NULL) { if( fwrite(&p->person, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) < 1) { error = 4; break; //cannot write } p = p->next; } fclose(fp); return error; } 3rd /* ab_list.c : functions to manipulate the list */ #include "adressbook.h" HOL hol = {0, NULL}; //global definition for head of list /* -------------------- */ ELEMENT *make_element(void) { return (ELEMENT *)malloc( sizeof(ELEMENT) ); } /* -------------------- */ int ins_element( DATA *newdata) { ELEMENT *new_e, *pre_p; if((new_e = make_element()) == NULL) return 1; new_e ->person = *newdata; // copy data to new element pre_p = search(new_e->person.family_name); if(pre_p == NULL) //no person in list { new_e->next = hol.first; //put it to the begin hol.first = new_e; } else { new_e->next = pre_p->next; pre_p->next = new_e; } ++hol.amount; return 0; } int erase_element( char name, char surname ) { return 0; } /* ---------------------*/ ELEMENT *search(char *name) { ELEMENT *sp, *retp; //searchpointer, returnpointer retp = NULL; sp = hol.first; while(sp != NULL && sp->person.family_name != name) { retp = sp; sp = sp->next; } return(retp); } 4th /* ab_screen.c : functions for printing information on screen */ #include "adressbook.h" #include <conio.h> #include <ctype.h> /* standard prompts for in- and output */ static char pgmname[] = "---- Oussama's Adressbook made in splendid C ----"; static char options[] = "\ 1: Enter new adress\n\n\ 2: Delete entry\n\n\ 3: Change entry\n\n\ 4: Print adress\n\n\ Esc: Exit\n\n\n\ Your choice . . .: "; static char prompt[] = "\ Name . . . .:\n\ Surname . . :\n\n\ Street . . .:\n\n\ House number:\n\n\ Postal code :\n\n\ Phone number:"; static char buttons[] = "\ <Esc> = cancel input <Backspace> = correct input\ <Return> = assume"; static char headline[] = "\ Name Surname Street House Postal code Phone number \n\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------"; static char further[] = "\ -------- continue with any key --------"; /* ---------------------------------- */ int menu(void) //show menu and read user input { int c; system ("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); printf("%s", options); while( (c = getch()) != ESC && (c < '1' || c > '4')) putch('\a'); return c; } /* ---------------------------------- */ int print_adr_book(void) //display adressbook { int line = 1; ELEMENT *p = hol.first; system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(2,0); puts(headline); set_cur(5,0); while(p != NULL) //run through list and show entries { printf("%5d %-15s ",line, p->person.family_name); printf("%-12s %-15s ", p->person.given_name, p->person.street); printf("%-4d %-5d %-12d\n",p->person.house_number, p->person.postal_code, p->person.phone); p = p->next; if( p == NULL || ++line %16 == 1) //end of list or screen is full { set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",further); if( getch() == ESC) return 0; set_cur(5,0); scroll_up(0,5,24);//puts(headline); } } return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------*/ int make_entry(void) { char cache[50]; DATA newperson; ELEMENT *p; while(1) { system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); puts("Please enter new data:"); set_cur(10,0); puts(prompt); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",buttons); balken(10, 25, MAXL, ' ',0x70); //input name if(input(newperson.family_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(12,25, MAXL, ' ', 0x70); //surname if(input(newperson.given_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(14,25, 30, ' ', 0x70); //street if(input(newperson.street, 30, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(16,25, 4, ' ',0x70); //housenumber if(input(cache, 4, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.house_number = atol(cache); //to string balken(18,25, 5, ' ',0x70); //postal code if(input(cache, 5, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.postal_code = atol(cache); //to string balken(20,25, 20, ' ',0x70); //phone number if(input(cache, 20, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.phone = atol(cache); //to string p = search(newperson.phone); if( p!= NULL && p->person.phone == newperson.phone) { set_cur(22,25); puts("phonenumber already exists!"); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s, further"); getch(); continue; } } } 5th /* adress_book_project.c : main program to create an adressbook */ /* copyrights by Oussama Sabri, June 2010 */ #include "adressbook.h" //project header file int main() { int rv, cmd; //return value, user command if ( (rv = read_file() ) == -1) // no data saved yet rv = make_entry(); check(rv); //prompts an error and quits program on disfunction do { switch (cmd = menu())//calls menu and gets user input back { case '1': rv = make_entry(); break; case '2': //delete entry case '3': //changes entry rv = change_entry(cmd); break; case '4': //prints adressbook on screen rv = print_adr_book(); break; case ESC: //end of program system ("cls"); rv = 0; break; } }while(cmd!= ESC); check ( write_file() ); //save adressbook return 0; } 6th /* Getcb.c --> Die Funktion getcb() liefert die naechste * * Tastatureingabe (ruft den BIOS-INT 0x16 auf). * * Return-Wert: * * ASCII-Code bzw. erweiterter Code + 256 */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> int getcb(void) { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 0; // Subfunktion 0: ein Zeichen // von der Tastatur lesen. int86( 0x16, &intregs, &intregs); if( intregs.h.al != 0) // Falls ASCII-Zeichen, return (intregs.h.al); // dieses zurueckgeben. else // Sonst den erweiterten return (intregs.h.ah + 0x100); // Code + 256 } 7th /* PUTCB.C --> enthaelt die Funktionen * * - putcb() * * - putcb9() * * - balken() * * - input() * * * * Es werden die Funktionen 9 und 14 des Video-Interrupts * * (ROM-BIOS-Interrupt 0x10) verwendet. * * * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen stehen in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb(c) gibt das Zeichen auf der aktuellen Cursor-Position * am Bildschirm aus. Der Cursor wird versetzt. * Steuerzeichen Back-Space, CR, LF und BELL werden * ausgefuehrt. * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb(unsigned char c) /* Gibt das Zeichen in c auf */ { /* den Bildschirm aus. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 14; /* Subfunktion 14 ("Teletype") */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.h.bl = 0xf; /* Vordergrund-Farbe im */ /* Grafik-Modus. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb9(c,count,mode) gibt das Zeichen in c count-mal im * angegebenen Modus auf der aktuellen * Cursor-Position am Bildschirm aus. * Der Cursor wird nicht versetzt. * * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb9( unsigned char c, /* das Zeichen */ unsigned count, /* die Anzahl */ unsigned mode ) /* Low-Byte: das Atrribut */ { /* High-Byte: die Bildschirmseite*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 9; /* Subfunktion 9 des Int 0x10 */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.x.bx = mode; intregs.x.cx = count; int86( VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * balken() positioniert den Cursor und zeichnet einen Balken, * wobei Position, L„nge, Fllzeichen und Attribut * als Argumente bergeben werden. * Der Cursor bleibt auf der ersten Position im Balken. */ void balken( unsigned int zeile, /* Start-Position */ unsigned int spalte, unsigned int laenge, /* Laenge des Balkens */ unsigned char c, /* Fuellzeichen */ unsigned int modus) /* Low-Byte: Attribut */ /* High-Byte: Bildschirmseite */ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; /* Cursor auf der angegebenen */ intregs.h.dh = zeile; /* Bildschirmseite versetzen. */ intregs.h.dl = spalte; intregs.h.bh = (modus >> 8); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); putcb9(c, laenge, modus); /* Balken ausgeben. */ } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * input() liest Zeichen von der Tastatur ein und haengt '\0' an. * Mit Backspace kann die Eingabe geloescht werden. * Das Attribut am Bildschirm bleibt erhalten. * * Argumente: 1. Zeiger auf den Eingabepuffer. * 2. Anzahl maximal einzulesender Zeichen. * 3. Die optionalen Argumente: Zeichen, mit denen die * Eingabe abgebrochen werden kann. * Diese Liste muá mit CR = '\r' enden! * Return-Wert: Das Zeichen, mit dem die Eingabe abgebrochen wurde. */ #include <stdarg.h> int getcb( void); /* Zum Lesen der Tastatur */ int input(char *puffer, int max,... ) { int c; /* aktuelles Zeichen */ int breakc; /* Abruchzeichen */ int nc = 0; /* Anzahl eingelesener Zeichen */ va_list argp; /* Zeiger auf die weiteren Arumente */ while(1) { *puffer = '\0'; va_start(argp, max); /* argp initialisieren */ c = getcb(); do /* Mit Zeichen der Abbruchliste vergleichen */ if(c == (breakc = va_arg(argp,int)) ) return(breakc); while( breakc != '\r' ); va_end( argp); if( c == '\b' && nc > 0) /* Backspace? */ { --nc; --puffer; putcb(c); putcb(' '); putcb(c); } else if( c >= 32 && c <= 255 && nc < max ) { ++nc; *puffer++ = c; putcb(c); } else if( nc == max) putcb('\7'); /* Ton ausgeben */ } } 8th /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* BIO.H --> Enthaelt die Prototypen der BIOS-Funktionen. */ /* --- Funktionen in VIDEO.C --- */ extern void scroll_up(int anzahl, int anf_zeile,int end_zeile); extern void scroll_down(int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile); extern void set_cur(int zeile, int spalte); extern void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte); extern void cls(void); extern int get_screen_page(void); extern void set_screen_page(int page); /* --- Funktionen in GETCB.C / PUTCB.C --- */ extern int getcb(void); extern void putcb(int c); extern void putcb9(int c, unsigned count, unsigned modus); extern void balken(int zeile, int spalte, int laenge, int c, unsigned modus); extern int input(char *puffer, int max,... ); need your help, can't find my mistakes:((

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  • Address book with C programming; cannot compile my code.

    - by osabri
    I've divided my code into small programs so it can be easy to excute /* ab_error.c : in case of errors following messages will be displayed */ #include "adressbook.h" static char *errormsg[] = { "", "\nNot enough space on disk", "\nCannot open file", "\nCannot read file", "\nCannot write file" }; void check(int error) { switch(error) { case 0: return; case 1: write_file(); case 2: case 3: case 4: system("cls"); fputs(errormsg[error], stderr); exit(error); } } 2nd /* ab_fileio.c : functions for file input/output */ #include "adressbook.h" static char ab_file[] = "ADRESSBOOK.DAT"; //file to save the entries int read_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *new_e, *last_e = NULL; DATA buffer; if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "rb")) == NULL) return -1; //no file found while (fread(&buffer, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) == 1) //reads one list element after another { if( (new_e = make_element()) == NULL) { error = 1; break; //not enough space } new_e->person = buffer; //copy data to new element new_e->next = NULL; if(hol.first == NULL) //list is empty? hol.first = new_e; //yes else last_e->next = new_e; //no last_e = new_e; ++hol.amount; } if( !error && !feof(fp) ) error = 3; //cannot read file fclose(fp); return error; } /*-------------------------------*/ int write_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *p; if( (p = hol.first) == NULL) return 0; //list is empty if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "wb")) == NULL) return 2; //cannot open while( p!= NULL) { if( fwrite(&p->person, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) < 1) { error = 4; break; //cannot write } p = p->next; } fclose(fp); return error; } 3rd /* ab_list.c : functions to manipulate the list */ #include "adressbook.h" HOL hol = {0, NULL}; //global definition for head of list /* -------------------- */ ELEMENT *make_element(void) { return (ELEMENT *)malloc( sizeof(ELEMENT) ); } /* -------------------- */ int ins_element( DATA *newdata) { ELEMENT *new_e, *pre_p; if((new_e = make_element()) == NULL) return 1; new_e ->person = *newdata; // copy data to new element pre_p = search(new_e->person.family_name); if(pre_p == NULL) //no person in list { new_e->next = hol.first; //put it to the begin hol.first = new_e; } else { new_e->next = pre_p->next; pre_p->next = new_e; } ++hol.amount; return 0; } int erase_element( char name, char surname ) { return 0; } /* ---------------------*/ ELEMENT *search(char *name) { ELEMENT *sp, *retp; //searchpointer, returnpointer retp = NULL; sp = hol.first; while(sp != NULL && sp->person.family_name != name) { retp = sp; sp = sp->next; } return(retp); } 4th /* ab_screen.c : functions for printing information on screen */ #include "adressbook.h" #include <conio.h> #include <ctype.h> /* standard prompts for in- and output */ static char pgmname[] = "---- Oussama's Adressbook made in splendid C ----"; static char options[] = "\ 1: Enter new adress\n\n\ 2: Delete entry\n\n\ 3: Change entry\n\n\ 4: Print adress\n\n\ Esc: Exit\n\n\n\ Your choice . . .: "; static char prompt[] = "\ Name . . . .:\n\ Surname . . :\n\n\ Street . . .:\n\n\ House number:\n\n\ Postal code :\n\n\ Phone number:"; static char buttons[] = "\ <Esc> = cancel input <Backspace> = correct input\ <Return> = assume"; static char headline[] = "\ Name Surname Street House Postal code Phone number \n\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------"; static char further[] = "\ -------- continue with any key --------"; /* ---------------------------------- */ int menu(void) //show menu and read user input { int c; system ("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); printf("%s", options); while( (c = getch()) != ESC && (c < '1' || c > '4')) putch('\a'); return c; } /* ---------------------------------- */ int print_adr_book(void) //display adressbook { int line = 1; ELEMENT *p = hol.first; system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(2,0); puts(headline); set_cur(5,0); while(p != NULL) //run through list and show entries { printf("%5d %-15s ",line, p->person.family_name); printf("%-12s %-15s ", p->person.given_name, p->person.street); printf("%-4d %-5d %-12d\n",p->person.house_number, p->person.postal_code, p->person.phone); p = p->next; if( p == NULL || ++line %16 == 1) //end of list or screen is full { set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",further); if( getch() == ESC) return 0; set_cur(5,0); scroll_up(0,5,24);//puts(headline); } } return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------*/ int make_entry(void) { char cache[50]; DATA newperson; ELEMENT *p; while(1) { system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); puts("Please enter new data:"); set_cur(10,0); puts(prompt); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",buttons); balken(10, 25, MAXL, ' ',0x70); //input name if(input(newperson.family_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(12,25, MAXL, ' ', 0x70); //surname if(input(newperson.given_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(14,25, 30, ' ', 0x70); //street if(input(newperson.street, 30, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(16,25, 4, ' ',0x70); //housenumber if(input(cache, 4, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.house_number = atol(cache); //to string balken(18,25, 5, ' ',0x70); //postal code if(input(cache, 5, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.postal_code = atol(cache); //to string balken(20,25, 20, ' ',0x70); //phone number if(input(cache, 20, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.phone = atol(cache); //to string p = search(newperson.phone); if( p!= NULL && p->person.phone == newperson.phone) { set_cur(22,25); puts("phonenumber already exists!"); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s, further"); getch(); continue; } } } 5th /* adress_book_project.c : main program to create an adressbook */ /* copyrights by Oussama Sabri, June 2010 */ #include "adressbook.h" //project header file int main() { int rv, cmd; //return value, user command if ( (rv = read_file() ) == -1) // no data saved yet rv = make_entry(); check(rv); //prompts an error and quits program on disfunction do { switch (cmd = menu())//calls menu and gets user input back { case '1': rv = make_entry(); break; case '2': //delete entry case '3': //changes entry rv = change_entry(cmd); break; case '4': //prints adressbook on screen rv = print_adr_book(); break; case ESC: //end of program system ("cls"); rv = 0; break; } }while(cmd!= ESC); check ( write_file() ); //save adressbook return 0; } 6th /* Getcb.c --> Die Funktion getcb() liefert die naechste * * Tastatureingabe (ruft den BIOS-INT 0x16 auf). * * Return-Wert: * * ASCII-Code bzw. erweiterter Code + 256 */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> int getcb(void) { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 0; // Subfunktion 0: ein Zeichen // von der Tastatur lesen. int86( 0x16, &intregs, &intregs); if( intregs.h.al != 0) // Falls ASCII-Zeichen, return (intregs.h.al); // dieses zurueckgeben. else // Sonst den erweiterten return (intregs.h.ah + 0x100); // Code + 256 } 7th /* PUTCB.C --> enthaelt die Funktionen * * - putcb() * * - putcb9() * * - balken() * * - input() * * * * Es werden die Funktionen 9 und 14 des Video-Interrupts * * (ROM-BIOS-Interrupt 0x10) verwendet. * * * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen stehen in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb(c) gibt das Zeichen auf der aktuellen Cursor-Position * am Bildschirm aus. Der Cursor wird versetzt. * Steuerzeichen Back-Space, CR, LF und BELL werden * ausgefuehrt. * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb(unsigned char c) /* Gibt das Zeichen in c auf */ { /* den Bildschirm aus. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 14; /* Subfunktion 14 ("Teletype") */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.h.bl = 0xf; /* Vordergrund-Farbe im */ /* Grafik-Modus. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb9(c,count,mode) gibt das Zeichen in c count-mal im * angegebenen Modus auf der aktuellen * Cursor-Position am Bildschirm aus. * Der Cursor wird nicht versetzt. * * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb9( unsigned char c, /* das Zeichen */ unsigned count, /* die Anzahl */ unsigned mode ) /* Low-Byte: das Atrribut */ { /* High-Byte: die Bildschirmseite*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 9; /* Subfunktion 9 des Int 0x10 */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.x.bx = mode; intregs.x.cx = count; int86( VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * balken() positioniert den Cursor und zeichnet einen Balken, * wobei Position, L„nge, Fllzeichen und Attribut * als Argumente bergeben werden. * Der Cursor bleibt auf der ersten Position im Balken. */ void balken( unsigned int zeile, /* Start-Position */ unsigned int spalte, unsigned int laenge, /* Laenge des Balkens */ unsigned char c, /* Fuellzeichen */ unsigned int modus) /* Low-Byte: Attribut */ /* High-Byte: Bildschirmseite */ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; /* Cursor auf der angegebenen */ intregs.h.dh = zeile; /* Bildschirmseite versetzen. */ intregs.h.dl = spalte; intregs.h.bh = (modus >> 8); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); putcb9(c, laenge, modus); /* Balken ausgeben. */ } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * input() liest Zeichen von der Tastatur ein und haengt '\0' an. * Mit Backspace kann die Eingabe geloescht werden. * Das Attribut am Bildschirm bleibt erhalten. * * Argumente: 1. Zeiger auf den Eingabepuffer. * 2. Anzahl maximal einzulesender Zeichen. * 3. Die optionalen Argumente: Zeichen, mit denen die * Eingabe abgebrochen werden kann. * Diese Liste muá mit CR = '\r' enden! * Return-Wert: Das Zeichen, mit dem die Eingabe abgebrochen wurde. */ #include <stdarg.h> int getcb( void); /* Zum Lesen der Tastatur */ int input(char *puffer, int max,... ) { int c; /* aktuelles Zeichen */ int breakc; /* Abruchzeichen */ int nc = 0; /* Anzahl eingelesener Zeichen */ va_list argp; /* Zeiger auf die weiteren Arumente */ while(1) { *puffer = '\0'; va_start(argp, max); /* argp initialisieren */ c = getcb(); do /* Mit Zeichen der Abbruchliste vergleichen */ if(c == (breakc = va_arg(argp,int)) ) return(breakc); while( breakc != '\r' ); va_end( argp); if( c == '\b' && nc > 0) /* Backspace? */ { --nc; --puffer; putcb(c); putcb(' '); putcb(c); } else if( c >= 32 && c <= 255 && nc < max ) { ++nc; *puffer++ = c; putcb(c); } else if( nc == max) putcb('\7'); /* Ton ausgeben */ } } 8th /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* BIO.H --> Enthaelt die Prototypen der BIOS-Funktionen. */ /* --- Funktionen in VIDEO.C --- */ extern void scroll_up(int anzahl, int anf_zeile,int end_zeile); extern void scroll_down(int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile); extern void set_cur(int zeile, int spalte); extern void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte); extern void cls(void); extern int get_screen_page(void); extern void set_screen_page(int page); /* --- Funktionen in GETCB.C / PUTCB.C --- */ extern int getcb(void); extern void putcb(int c); extern void putcb9(int c, unsigned count, unsigned modus); extern void balken(int zeile, int spalte, int laenge, int c, unsigned modus); extern int input(char *puffer, int max,... ); need your help, can't find my mistakes:((

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  • c - dereferencing issue

    - by Joe
    Hi, I have simplified an issue that I've been having trying to isolate the problem, but it is not helping. I have a 2 dimensional char array to represent memory. I want to pass a reference to that simulation of memory to a function. In the function to test the contents of the memory I just want to iterate through the memory and print out the contents on each row. The program prints out the first row and then I get seg fault. My program is as follows: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <string.h> void test_memory(char*** memory_ref) { int i; for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) { printf("%s\n", *memory_ref[i]); } } int main() { char** memory; int i; memory = calloc(sizeof(char*), 20); for(i = 0; i < 20; i++) { memory[i] = calloc(sizeof(char), 33); } memory[0] = "Mem 0"; memory[1] = "Mem 1"; memory[2] = "Mem 2"; printf("memory[1] = %s\n", memory[1]); test_memory(&memory); return 0; } This gives me the output: memory[1] = Mem 1 Mem 0 Segmentation fault If I change the program and create a local version of the memory in the function by dereferencing the memory_ref, then I get the right output: So: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <string.h> void test_memory(char*** memory_ref) { char** memory = *memory_ref; int i; for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) { printf("%s\n", memory[i]); } } int main() { char** memory; int i; memory = calloc(sizeof(char*), 20); for(i = 0; i < 20; i++) { memory[i] = calloc(sizeof(char), 33); } memory[0] = "Mem 0"; memory[1] = "Mem 1"; memory[2] = "Mem 2"; printf("memory[1] = %s\n", memory[1]); test_memory(&memory); return 0; } gives me the following output: memory[1] = Mem 1 Mem 0 Mem 1 Mem 2 which is what I want, but making a local version of the memory is useless because I need to be able to change the values of the original memory from the function which I can only do by dereferencing the pointer to the original 2d char array. I don't understand why I should get a seg fault on the second time round, and I'd be grateful for any advice. Many thanks Joe

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  • Merge Sort issue when removing the array copy step

    - by Ime Prezime
    I've been having an issue that I couldn't debug for quite some time. I am trying to implement a MergeSort algorithm with no additional steps of array copying by following Robert Sedgewick's algorithm in "Algorithm's in C++" book. Short description of the algorithm: The recursive program is set up to sort b, leaving results in a. Thus, the recursive calls are written to leave their result in b, and we use the basic merge program to merge those files from b into a. In this way, all the data movement is done during the course of the merges. The problem is that I cannot find any logical errors but the sorting isn't done properly. Data gets overwritten somewhere and I cannot determine what logical error causes this. The data is sorted when the program is finished but it is not the same data any more. For example, Input array: { A, Z, W, B, G, C } produces the array: { A, G, W, W, Z, Z }. I can obviously see that it must be a logical error somewhere, but I have been trying to debug this for a pretty long time and I think a fresh set of eyes could maybe see what I'm missing cause I really can't find anything wrong. My code: static const int M = 5; void insertion(char** a, int l, int r) { int i,j; char * temp; for (i = 1; i < r + 1; i++) { temp = a[i]; j = i; while (j > 0 && strcmp(a[j-1], temp) > 0) { a[j] = a[j-1]; j = j - 1; } a[j] = temp; } } //merging a and b into c void merge(char ** c,char ** a, int N, char ** b, int M) { for (int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0; k < N+M; k++) { if (i == N) { c[k] = b[j++]; continue; } if (j == M) { c[k] = a[i++]; continue; } c[k] = strcmp(a[i], b[j]) < 0 ? a[i++] : b[j++]; } } void mergesortAux(char ** a, char ** b, int l, int r) { if(r - l <= M) { insertion(a, l, r); return; } int m = (l + r)/2; mergesortAux(b, a, l, m); //merge sort left mergesortAux(b, a, m+1, r); //merge sort right merge(a+l, b+l, m-l+1, b+m+1, r-m); //merge } void mergesort(char ** a,int l, int r, int size) { static char ** aux = (char**)malloc(size * sizeof(char*)); for(int i = l; i < size; i++) aux[i] = a[i]; mergesortAux(a, aux, l, r); free(aux); }

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  • how this scaling down for css code is worked?

    - by harris
    this is a code for scaling down for css. i was wondering, how this worked. please someone explain to me part by part. thank you very much. /* ======================================================================== / / Copyright (C) 2000 - 2009 ND-Tech. Co., Ltd. / / All Rights Reserved. / / ======================================================================== / / Project : ScaleDown Created : 31-AUG-2009 / / File : main.c Contact : [email protected] / / ======================================================================== / / You are free to use or modify this code to the following restrictions: / / Acknowledge ND Tech. Co. Ltd. / / Or, put "Parts of code by ND Tech. Co., Ltd." / / Or, leave this header as it is. / / in somewhere in your code. / / ======================================================================== */ include "vm3224k.h" define CE0CTL *(volatile int *)(0x01800008) define CE2CTL *(volatile int *)(0x01800010) define SDCTL *(volatile int *)(0x01800018) define LED *(volatile short *)(0x90080000) // Definitions for async access(change as you wish) define WSU (2<<28) // Write Setup : 0-15 define WST (8<<22) // Write Strobe: 0-63 define WHD (2<<20) // Write Hold : 0-3 define RSU (2<<16) // Read Setup : 0-15 define TA (3<<14) // Turn Around : 0-3 define RST (8<<8) // Read Strobe : 0-63 define RHD (2<<0) // Read Hold : 0-3 define MTYPE (2<<4) /* EDMA Registers */ define PaRAM_OPT 0 // Options define PaRAM_SRC 1 // Source Address define PaRAM_CNT 2 // Frame count, Element count define PaRAM_DST 3 // Destination Address define PaRAM_IDX 4 // Frame index, Element index define PaRAM_RDL 5 // Element count reload, Link address define EDMA_CIPR *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFE4 // EDMA Channel interrupt pending low register define EDMA_CIER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFE8 // EDMA Channel interrupt enable low register define EDMA_CCER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFEC // EDMA Channel chain enable register define EDMA_ER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFF0 // EDMA Event low register define EDMA_EER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFF4 // EDMA Event enable low register define EDMA_ECR *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFF8 // EDMA Event clear low register define EDMA_ESR *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFFC // EDMA Event set low register define PRI (2<<29) // 1:High priority, 2:Low priority define ESIZE (1<<27) // 0:32bit, 1:16bit, 2:8bit, 3:reserved define DS2 (0<<26) // 1:2-Dimensional define SUM (0<<24) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define DD2 (0<<23) // 1:2-Dimensional define DUM (0<<21) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define TCINT (1<<20) // 0:disable, 1:enable define TCC (8<<16) // 4 bit code define LINK (0<<1) // 0:disable, 1:enable define FS (1<<0) // 0:element, 1:frame define OptionField_0 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2|SUM|DD2|DUM|TCINT|TCC|LINK|FS) define DD2_1 (1<<23) // 1:2-Dimensional define DUM_1 (1<<21) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define TCC_1 (9<<16) // 4 bit code define OptionField_1 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2|SUM|DD2_1|DUM_1|TCINT|TCC_1|LINK|FS) define TCC_2 (10<<16)// 4 bit code define OptionField_2 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2|SUM|DD2|DUM|TCINT|TCC_2|LINK|FS) define DS2_3 (1<<26) // 1:2-Dimensional define SUM_3 (1<<24) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define TCC_3 (11<<16)// 4 bit code define OptionField_3 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2_3|SUM_3|DD2|DUM|TCINT|TCC_3|LINK|FS) pragma DATA_SECTION ( lcd,".sdram" ) pragma DATA_SECTION ( cam,".sdram" ) pragma DATA_SECTION ( rgb,".sdram" ) pragma DATA_SECTION ( u,".sdram" ) extern cregister volatile unsigned int IER; extern cregister volatile unsigned int CSR; short camcode = 0x08000; short lcdcode = 0x00000; short lcd[2][240][320]; short cam[2][240][320]; short rgb[64][32][32]; short bufsel; int *Cevent,*Levent,*CLink,flag=1; unsigned char v[240][160],out_y[120][160]; unsigned char y[240][320],out_u[120][80]; unsigned char u[240][160],out_v[120][80]; void PLL6713() { int i; // CPU Clock Input : 50MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) & 0xfffffffe; for(i=0;i<4;i++); *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) | 0x08; *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c114) = 0x08001; // 50MHz/2 = 25MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c110) = 0x0c; // 25MHz * 12 = 300MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c118) = 0x08000; // SYSCLK1 = 300MHz/1 = 300MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c11c) = 0x08001; // SYSCLK2 = 300MHz/2 = 150MHz // Peripheral Clock *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c120) = 0x08003; // SYSCLK3 = 300MHz/4 = 75MHz // SDRAM Clock for(i=0;i<4;i++); *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) & 0xfffffff7; for(i=0;i<4;i++); *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) | 0x01; } unsigned short ybr_565(short y,short u,short v) { int r,g,b; b = y + 1772*(u-128)/1000; if (b<0) b=0; if (b>255) b=255; g = y - (344*(u-128) + 714*(v-128))/1000; if (g<0) g=0; if (g>255) g=255; r = y + 1402*(v-128)/1000; if (r<0) r=0; if (r>255) r=255; return ((r&0x0f8)<<8)|((g&0x0fc)<<3)|((b&0x0f8)>>3); } void yuyv2yuv(char *yuyv,char *y,char *u,char *v) { int i,j,dy,dy1,dy2,s; for (j=s=dy=dy1=dy2=0;j<240;j++) { for (i=0;i<320;i+=2) { u[dy1++] = yuyv[s++]; y[dy++] = yuyv[s++]; v[dy2++] = yuyv[s++]; y[dy++] = yuyv[s++]; } } } interrupt void c_int06(void) { if(EDMA_CIPR&0x800){ EDMA_CIPR = 0xffff; bufsel=(++bufsel&0x01); Cevent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)cam[(bufsel+1)&0x01]; Levent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)lcd[(bufsel+1)&0x01]; EDMA_ESR = 0x80; flag=1; } } void main() { int i,j,k,y0,y1,v0,u0; bufsel = 0; CSR &= (~0x1); PLL6713(); // Initialize C6713 PLL CE0CTL = 0xffffbf33;// SDRAM Space CE2CTL = (WSU|WST|WHD|RSU|RST|RHD|MTYPE); SDCTL = 0x57115000; vm3224init(); // Initialize vm3224k2 vm3224rate(1); // Set frame rate vm3224bl(15); // Set backlight VM3224CNTL = VM3224CNTL&0xffff | 0x2; // vm3224 interrupt enable for (k=0;k<64;k++) // Create RGB565 lookup table for (i=0;i<32;i++) for (j=0;j<32;j++) rgb[k][i][j] = ybr_565(k<<2,i<<3,j<<3); Cevent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 7); Cevent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_0; Cevent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)&camcode; Cevent[PaRAM_CNT] = 1; Cevent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)&VM3224ADDH; Cevent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 8); Cevent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_1; Cevent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)&VM3224DATA; Cevent[PaRAM_CNT] = (239<<16)|320; Cevent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)cam[bufsel]; Cevent[PaRAM_IDX] = 0; Levent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 9); Levent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_2; Levent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)&lcdcode; Levent[PaRAM_CNT] = 1; Levent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)&VM3224ADDH; Levent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 10); Levent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_3; Levent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)lcd[bufsel]; Levent[PaRAM_CNT] = (239<<16)|320; Levent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)&VM3224DATA; Levent[PaRAM_IDX] = 0; IER = IER | (1<<6)|3; CSR = CSR | 0x1; EDMA_CCER = (1<<8)|(1<<9)|(1<<10); EDMA_CIER = (1<<11); EDMA_CIPR = 0xffff; EDMA_ESR = 0x80; while (1) { if(flag) { // LED = 0; yuyv2yuv((char *)cam[bufsel],(char *)y,(char *)u,(char *)v); for(j=0;j<240;j++) for(i=0;i<320;i++) lcd[bufsel][j][i]=0; for(j=0;j<240;j+=2) for(i=0;i<320;i+=2) out_y[j>>1][i>>1]=(y[j][i]+y[j][i+1]+y[j+1][i]+y[j+1][i+1])>>2; for(j=0;j<240;j+=2) for(i=0;i<160;i+=2) { out_u[j>>1][i>>1]=(u[j][i]+u[j][i+1]+u[j+1][i]+u[j+1][i+1])>>2; out_v[j>>1][i>>1]=(v[j][i]+v[j][i+1]+v[j+1][i]+v[j+1][i+1])>>2; } for (j=0;j<120;j++) for (i=0;i<160;i+=2) { y0 = out_y[j][i]>>2; u0 = out_u[j][i>>1]>>3; v0 = out_v[j][i>>1]>>3; y1 = out_y[j][i+1]>>2; lcd[bufsel][j+60][i+80]=rgb[y0][u0][v0]; lcd[bufsel][j+60][i+81]=rgb[y1][u0][v0]; } flag=0; // LED = 1; } } }

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  • Having an issue with overwriting an element of a file correctly (numeric)

    - by IngeniousHax
    This is an ATM style program, but currently it doesn't do exactly what I need it to do... I need to get the current balance, and when money is transferred from either checking or savings, it should add it to checking and subtract it from savings. which is does, but not correctly... Input example -=[ Funds Transfer ]=- -=[ Savings to Checking ]=- Account Name: nomadic Amount to transfer: $400 New Balance in Checking: $900 // original was 500 New Balance in Savings: $7.7068e+012 // this should now be 1100... Here is my code, it's a lot of code, but there are no errors, so throwing it into an IDE and compiling should be fairly quick for whoever would like to help. mainBankClass.h mainBankClass.h #ifndef MAINBANKCLASS_H #define MAINBANKCLASS_H #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Banking { protected: string checkAcctName, saveAcctName; // Name on the account int acctNumber[13]; // Account number float acctBalance, initSaveDeposit, initCheckDeposit, depAmt; // amount in account, and amount to deposit public: char getBalanceChoice(); // Get name on account for displaying relevant information char newAccountMenu(); // Create a new account and assign it a random account number void invalid(char *); // If an invalid option is chosen char menu(); // Print the main menu for the user. virtual float deposit(){ return 0; } // virtual function for deposits // virtual float withdrawal() = 0; // Virtual function for withdrawals void fatal(char *); // Handles fatal errors. Banking(); }; class Checking : public Banking { public: friend ostream operator<<(ostream &, Checking &); friend istream operator>>(istream &, Checking &); Checking operator <= (const Checking &) const; void newCheckingAccount(); void viewCheckingBalance(); void transferFromSaving(); float deposit() { return (acctBalance += depAmt); } }; class Saving : public Banking { public: friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &, Saving &); friend istream &operator>>(istream &, Saving &); Saving operator <= (const Saving &) const; void newSavingAccount(); void viewSavingBalance(); void transferFromChecking(); float deposit() { return (acctBalance += depAmt); } }; class checkAndSave : public Banking { public: void newCheckAndSave(); void viewBothBalances(); }; #endif bankAccount.cpp #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> #include <iomanip> #include <fstream> #include <time.h> #include "MainBankClass.h" /*****************************\ | BANKING CONSTRUCTOR | \*****************************/ Banking::Banking() { string acctName; // Name on the account acctNumber[13] = 0; // Account number acctBalance = 0; initCheckDeposit = 0; initSaveDeposit = 0; depAmt = 0; }; /********************************\ | The following code is to print the menu | | and recieve the users choice on what | | they want to do with the ATM | \********************************/ char Banking::menu() { char choice; system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ Main Menu ]=- \n\n" << "\tA) Create New Account\n" << "\tB) View Account Balance\n" << "\tC) Transfer Funds From Checking To Savings\n" << "\tD) Transfer Funds From Savings To Checking\n" << "\tE) Exit\n" << "\n\n\tSelection: "; cin >> choice; cin.ignore(); choice = toupper(choice); while(!isalpha(choice)) { invalid("[!!] Invalid selection.\n[!!] Choose a valid option: "); cin >> choice; cin.ignore(); } return choice; } /*********************\ | Will read in account choic | | and display it for the user | \*********************/ char Banking::getBalanceChoice() { char choice; fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ View Account Balance ]=-\n\n"; cout << "A) View Checking Account\n" << "B) View Saving Account\n" << "C) View Checking \\ Saving Account\n" << endl; cout << "Choice: "; cin >> choice; choice = toupper(choice); if(!isalpha(choice)) fatal(" [!!] Invalid Choice"); return choice; } /***************************\ | Incase an invalid decision to made | | this throws the error message sent | | to it by the calling area | \***************************/ void Banking::invalid(char *msg) { cout << msg; } /*************************\ | Used if files can not be opened | | and exits with code 251: | | miscommunication with server | \*************************/ void Banking::fatal(char *msg) { cout << msg; exit(1); } /***************************\ | Create an account, either checking | | or savings, or both. | | Must should create a randomly | | generated account number that will | | correspond with each account. | \***************************/ /************************\ NOTE:: WILL BE UPDATED TO CONTAIN A PIN FOR ACCOUNT VERIFICATION *************************/ char Banking::newAccountMenu() { srand(time(NULL)); // Seed random generator with time initialized to NULL char acctChoice; // choice for the account type ofstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving checking accounts ofstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving savings accounts system("cls"); cout << "\t\t-=[ New Account Creation ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "A) Checking Account\n" << "B) Savings Account\n" << "C) Checking and Saving Account\n" << endl; cout << "New account type: "; cin >> acctChoice; acctChoice = toupper(acctChoice); cin.clear(); cin.sync(); return acctChoice; } /********************************************************************* ********************************************************************** CHECKING ACCOUNT CODE ********************************************************************** **********************************************************************/ // New Checking Account Creation void Checking::newCheckingAccount() { system("cls"); ofstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving checking accounts cout << "\t\t -=[ New Checking Account ]=- \n" << endl; cout << "Name of the main holder to be on the account: "; getline(cin, checkAcctName); cout << "Initial deposit amount: $"; cin >> initCheckDeposit; if(initCheckDeposit <= 0) { while(initCheckDeposit <= 0) { invalid("[!!] 0 or negative amount entered\nMaybe a typo?\n"); cout << "Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initCheckDeposit; } } if(!checkFile) fatal("[!!] Fatal Error 251: Miscommunication with server\n"); checkFile << checkAcctName << endl; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { acctNumber[j] = (rand() % 10); // Build a random checking account number checkFile << acctNumber[j]; } checkFile << endl; checkFile << initCheckDeposit << endl; checkFile.close(); } void Checking::viewCheckingBalance() { fstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); string name; int i = 0; double balance = 0; system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ View Checking Account ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); while(name != checkAcctName && !checkFile.fail()) { i++; getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); } if(name == checkAcctName) { system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ Checking Account Balance ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: " << checkAcctName << "\n"; cout << "Account Number: "; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; checkFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; cout << acctNumber[j]; } // if balance a problem, try the below commented out line // checkFile.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); cout << endl; checkFile >> acctBalance; cout << "Balance: $" << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << acctBalance << endl; } else fatal("[!!] Invalid Account\n"); checkFile.close(); getchar(); } void Checking::transferFromSaving() // Move funds FROM SAVINGS to CHECKING { system("cls"); string name; long checkPos = 0; long savePos = 0; float savingBalance = 0; string saveAcctName; int i = 0; cin.clear(); fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::out | ios::beg); fstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::in | ios::out | ios::beg); cout << "\t\t-=[ Funds Transfer ]=-" << endl; cout << "\t\t-=[ Savings to Checking ]=-" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); while(name != checkAcctName && !checkFile.fail()) { i++; getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); } getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); while(name != saveAcctName && !saveFile.fail()) { i = 0; i++; getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); } if(name == checkAcctName) { cout << "Amount to transfer: $"; float depAmt = 0; cin >> depAmt; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; checkFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; } checkPos = checkFile.tellg(); // if the file is found, get the position of acctBalance and store it in ptrPos checkFile.seekg(checkPos); checkFile >> acctBalance; savePos = saveFile.tellg(); saveFile.seekg(savePos); // sending the cursor in the file to ptrPos + 1 to ignore white space saveFile >> savingBalance; if(savingBalance < depAmt) // if checking account does not have enough funds, exit with NSF code fatal("[!!] Insufficient Funds\n"); acctBalance += depAmt; // can be changed to an overloaded operator savingBalance -= depAmt; // can be changed to an overloaded operator checkFile.seekp(checkPos); // go to position previously set above checkFile << acctBalance; // write new balance to checkFile saveFile.seekp(savePos); // same thing as above comment saveFile << savingBalance; // write new balance to saveFile cout << "New Balance in Checking: $" << acctBalance << endl; // will be removed later cout << "New Balance in Savings: $" << savingBalance << endl; // will be removed later aswell } else fatal("[!!] Linked accounts do not exist.\n"); // if account is not found saveFile.close(); checkFile.close(); } /******************************************************** ******************************************************** SAVING ACCOUNT CODE ********************************************************* *********************************************************/ void Saving::newSavingAccount() { system("cls"); ofstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving savings accounts cout << "\t\t -=[ New Savings Account ]=- \n" << endl; cout << "Name of the main holder to be on account: "; getline(cin, saveAcctName); cout << "Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initSaveDeposit; if(initSaveDeposit <= 0) { while(initSaveDeposit <= 0) { invalid("[!!]0 or negative value entered.\nPerhaps a typo?\n"); cout << "Deposit amount: $"; cin >> initSaveDeposit; } } if(!saveFile) fatal("[!!] Fatal Error 251: Miscommunication with server\n"); saveFile << saveAcctName << endl; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { acctNumber[j] = (rand() % 10); saveFile << acctNumber[j]; } saveFile << endl; saveFile << initSaveDeposit << endl; saveFile.close(); } void Saving::viewSavingBalance() { string name; int i = 0; fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); cin.clear(); system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ View Saving Account ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); while(name != saveAcctName && !saveFile.fail()) { i++; getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); } if(name == saveAcctName) { system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ Saving Account Balance ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: " << saveAcctName << "\n"; cout << "Account Number: "; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; saveFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; cout << acctNumber[j]; } // if balance a problem, try the below commented out line // checkFile.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); cout << endl; saveFile >> acctBalance; cout << "Balance: $" << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << acctBalance << endl; } else fatal("[!!] Invalid Account\n"); saveFile.close(); getchar(); } // NEED TO WORK ON THIS PORTION TOMORROW AND MONDAY, ADD OVERLOADED OPS FOR ASSIGNMENT!!!!!!! void Saving::transferFromChecking() // This is to take money FROM checking and ADD IT TO SAVING { system("cls"); string name; long savePos = 0; long checkPos = 0; float checkingBalance = 0; string checkAcctName; int i = 0; cin.clear(); fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::out | ios::beg); fstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::in | ios::out | ios::beg); cout << "\t\t-=[ Funds Transfer ]=-" << endl; cout << "\t\t-=[ Checking to Savings ]=-" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); while(name != saveAcctName && name != checkAcctName && !saveFile.fail() && !checkFile.fail()) { i++; getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); } if(name == saveAcctName) { cout << "Amount to transfer: $"; float depAmt = 0; cin >> depAmt; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; saveFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; } savePos = saveFile.tellg(); // if the file is found, get the position of acctBalance and store it in ptrPos saveFile.seekg(savePos); saveFile >> acctBalance; checkPos = checkFile.tellg(); checkFile.seekg(checkPos); // if file is found, store current position of the cursor to ptrPos checkFile >> checkingBalance; if(checkingBalance < depAmt) // if checking account does not have enough funds, exit with NSF code fatal("[!!] Insufficient Funds\n"); // Can also place overloaded op here acctBalance += depAmt; // can be changed to an overloaded operator checkingBalance -= depAmt; // can be changed to an overloaded operator saveFile.seekg(savePos); // go to position previously set above saveFile << acctBalance; // write new balance to saveFile checkFile.seekg(checkPos); // same thing as above comment checkFile << checkingBalance; // write new balance to checkFile cout << "New Balance in Savings: $" << acctBalance << endl; // will be removed later cout << "New Balance in Checking: $" << checkingBalance << endl; // will be removed later aswell } else fatal("[!!] Linked accounts do not exist.\n"); // if account is not found saveFile.close(); checkFile.close(); } /******************************************** ******************************************** CHECK AND SAVE CODE ********************************************** **********************************************/ void checkAndSave::newCheckAndSave() { system("cls"); ofstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving savings accounts ofstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving checking accounts cout << "\t -=[ New Checking & Saving Account ]=- \n" << endl; cout << "Name of the main holder to be on account: "; getline(cin, checkAcctName); saveAcctName = checkAcctName; cout << "Checking Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initCheckDeposit; if(initCheckDeposit <= 0) { while(initCheckDeposit <= 0) { invalid("[!!] 0 or negative amount entered\nMaybe a typo?\n"); cout << "Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initCheckDeposit; } } cout << "Saving Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initSaveDeposit; if(initSaveDeposit <= 0) { while(initSaveDeposit <= 0) { invalid("[!!]0 or negative value entered.\nPerhaps a typo?\n"); cout << "Deposit amount: $"; cin >> initSaveDeposit; } } if(!saveFile || !checkFile) fatal("[!!] Fatal Error 251: Miscommunication with server\n"); checkFile << checkAcctName << endl; saveFile << saveAcctName << endl; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { acctNumber[j] = (rand() % 10); checkFile << acctNumber[j]; saveFile << acctNumber[j]; } saveFile << endl; saveFile << initSaveDeposit << endl; checkFile << endl; checkFile << initCheckDeposit << endl; checkFile.close(); saveFile.close(); } void checkAndSave::viewBothBalances() { string name; int i = 0; fstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); system("cls"); cin.clear(); cout << "\t-=[ Saving & Checking Account Balance ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); saveAcctName = name; /**********************\ | Checking Account portion | | of the checking & savings | | overview | \**********************/ while(name != checkAcctName && !checkFile.fail()) { i++; getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); } system("cls"); if(name != checkAcctName && checkFile.fail()) invalid("\n\n[!!] No Checking Account Found\n"); cout << "\t\t -=[ Checking Account ]=- \n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: " << checkAcctName << "\n"; cout << "Account Number: "; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; checkFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; cout << acctNumber[j]; } // if balance a problem, try the below commented out line // checkFile.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); cout << endl; checkFile >> acctBalance; cout << "Balance: $" << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << acctBalance << endl; /*********************\ | Saving Account portion | | of the checking & saving | | overview | \*********************/ getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); while(name != saveAcctName && !saveFile.fail()) { i++; getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); } if(name != saveAcctName && saveFile.fail()) invalid("\n\n[!!] No Saving Account Found\n"); if(name == saveAcctName) { cout << "\t\t -=[ Saving Account ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: " << saveAcctName << "\n"; cout << "Account Number: "; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; saveFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; cout << acctNumber[j]; } // if balance a problem, try the below commented out line // checkFile.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); cout << endl; saveFile >> acctBalance; cout << "Balance: $" << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << acctBalance << endl; } if(name != saveAcctName && name != checkAcctName && saveFile.fail() && checkFile.fail()) fatal("[!!] No Accounts Have Been Found\n"); checkFile.close(); saveFile.close(); getchar(); } Main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "MainBankClass.h" using namespace std; int main() { Banking bank; Checking check; Saving save; checkAndSave CanS; char choice; choice = bank.menu(); // Call the banking menu switch(choice) { case 'A': choice = bank.newAccountMenu(); switch(choice) { case 'A': check.newCheckingAccount(); break; case 'B': save.newSavingAccount(); break; case 'C': CanS.newCheckAndSave(); break; default: system("cls"); bank.fatal("[!!] Invalid option\n"); break; } break; /***********************************************/ case 'B': choice = bank.getBalanceChoice(); switch(choice) { case 'A': check.viewCheckingBalance(); break; case 'B': save.viewSavingBalance(); break; case 'C': CanS.viewBothBalances(); break; default: bank.fatal("Invalid decision\n"); break; } /*************************************************/ break; case 'C': check.transferFromSaving(); break; case 'D': save.transferFromChecking(); break; case 'E': system("cls"); cout << "\t\t-=[ Disconnecting From System ]=-\n"; cout << "\t\t\t Thank you" << endl; cout << "\t\t Have a nice day!" << endl; exit(1); break; default: system("cls"); bank.invalid("\n\n\n\n\t\t [+] Invalid Selection \n\t\t[+] Disconnecting From System \n\t\t\tGood-bye \n\n\n\n\n\n\n"); exit(1); break; } return 0; }

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  • PowerShell remove force

    - by mausch
    Trying to delete a directory recursively with rm -Force -Recurse somedirectory, I get several "The directory is not empty" errors. If I retry the same command, it succeeds. Example: PS I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net> rm -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers Remove-Item : Cannot remove item I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net\FileHelpers\FileHelpers.Tests\Data\RunTime\_svn: The directory is not empty. At line:1 char:3 + rm <<<< -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers + CategoryInfo : WriteError: (_svn:DirectoryInfo) [Remove-Item], IOException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : RemoveFileSystemItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand Remove-Item : Cannot remove item I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net\FileHelpers\FileHelpers.Tests\Data\RunTime: The directory is not empty. At line:1 char:3 + rm <<<< -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers + CategoryInfo : WriteError: (RunTime:DirectoryInfo) [Remove-Item], IOException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : RemoveFileSystemItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand Remove-Item : Cannot remove item I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net\FileHelpers\FileHelpers.Tests\Data: The directory is not empty. At line:1 char:3 + rm <<<< -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers + CategoryInfo : WriteError: (Data:DirectoryInfo) [Remove-Item], IOException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : RemoveFileSystemItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand Remove-Item : Cannot remove item I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net\FileHelpers\FileHelpers.Tests: The directory is not empty. At line:1 char:3 + rm <<<< -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers + CategoryInfo : WriteError: (FileHelpers.Tests:DirectoryInfo) [Remove-Item], IOException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : RemoveFileSystemItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand Remove-Item : Cannot remove item I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net\FileHelpers\Libs\nunit\_svn: The directory is not empty. At line:1 char:3 + rm <<<< -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers + CategoryInfo : WriteError: (_svn:DirectoryInfo) [Remove-Item], IOException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : RemoveFileSystemItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand Remove-Item : Cannot remove item I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net\FileHelpers\Libs\nunit: The directory is not empty. At line:1 char:3 + rm <<<< -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers + CategoryInfo : WriteError: (nunit:DirectoryInfo) [Remove-Item], IOException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : RemoveFileSystemItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand Remove-Item : Cannot remove item I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net\FileHelpers\Libs: The directory is not empty. At line:1 char:3 + rm <<<< -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers + CategoryInfo : WriteError: (Libs:DirectoryInfo) [Remove-Item], IOException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : RemoveFileSystemItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand Remove-Item : Cannot remove item I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net\FileHelpers: The directory is not empty. At line:1 char:3 + rm <<<< -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers + CategoryInfo : WriteError: (I:\Documents an...net\FileHelpers:DirectoryInfo) [Remove-Item], IOException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : RemoveFileSystemItemIOError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.RemoveItemCommand PS I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net> rm -Force -Recurse .\FileHelpers PS I:\Documents and Settings\m\My Documents\prg\net> Of course, this doesn't happen always. Also, it doesn't happen only with _svn directories, and I don't have TortoiseSVN cache or anything like that so nothing is blocking the directory. Any ideas?

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  • Cache Simulator in C

    - by DuffDuff
    Ok this is only my second question, and it's quite a doozy. It's for a school assignment, but no one (including the TAs) seems to be able to help me. It's kind of a tall order but I'm not sure where else to turn. Essentially the assignment was to make a cache simulator. This version is direct mapping and is actually only a small portion of the whole project, but if I can't even get this down I have no chance with other associativities. I'm posting my whole code because I don't want to make any assumptions about where the problem is. This is the test case: http://www.mediafire.com/?ty5dnihydnw And you run the following command: ./sims 512 direct 32 fifo wt pinatrace.out You're supposed to get: hits: 604037 misses 138349 writes: 239269 reads: 138349 But I get: Hits: 587148 Misses: 155222 Writes: 239261 Reads: 155222 If anyone could at least point me in the right direction it would be greatly appreciated. I've been stuck on this for about 12 hours. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <math.h> struct myCache { int valid; char *tag; char *block; }; /* sim [-h] <cache size> <associativity> <block size> <replace alg> <write policy> <trace file> */ //God willing I come up with a better Hex to Bin convertion that maintains the beginning 0s... void hex2bin(char input[], char output[]) { int i; int a = 0; int b = 1; int c = 2; int d = 3; int x = 4; int size; size = strlen(input); for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { if (input[i] =='0') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='1') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='2') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='3') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='x') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='5') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='6') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='7') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='8') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='9') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='a') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='b') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='c') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='d') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='e') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='f') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } } output[32] = '\0'; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { FILE *tracefile; char readwrite; int trash; int cachesize; int blocksize; int setnumber; int blockbytes; int setbits; int blockbits; int tagsize; int m; int count = 0; int count2 = 0; int count3 = 0; int i; int j; int xindex; int jindex; int kindex; int lindex; int setadd; int totalset; int writeMiss = 0; int writeHit = 0; int cacheMiss = 0; int cacheHit = 0; int read = 0; int write = 0; int size; int extra; char bbits[100]; char sbits[100]; char tbits[100]; char output[100]; char input[100]; char origtag[100]; if (argc != 7) { if (strcmp(argv[0], "-h")) { printf("./sim2 <cache size> <associativity> <block size> <replace alg> <write policy> <trace file>\n"); return 0; } else { fprintf(stderr, "Error: wrong number of parameters.\n"); return -1; } } tracefile = fopen(argv[6], "r"); if(tracefile == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: File is NULL.\n"); return -1; } //Determining size of sbits, bbits, and tag cachesize = atoi(argv[1]); blocksize = atoi(argv[3]); setnumber = (cachesize/blocksize); printf("setnumber: %d\n", setnumber); setbits = (round((log(setnumber))/(log(2)))); printf("sbits: %d\n", setbits); blockbits = log(blocksize)/log(2); printf("bbits: %d\n", blockbits); tagsize = 32 - (blockbits + setbits); printf("t: %d\n", tagsize); struct myCache newCache[setnumber]; //Allocating Space for Tag Bits, initiating tag and valid to 0s for(i=0;i<setnumber;i++) { newCache[i].tag = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*(tagsize+1)); for(j=0;j<tagsize;j++) { newCache[i].tag[j] = '0'; } newCache[i].valid = 0; } while(fgetc(tracefile)!='#') { setadd = 0; totalset = 0; //read in file fseek(tracefile,-1,SEEK_CUR); fscanf(tracefile, "%x: %c %s\n", &trash, &readwrite, origtag); //shift input Hex size = strlen(origtag); extra = (10 - size); for(i=0; i<extra; i++) input[i] = '0'; for(i=extra, j=0; i<(size-(2-extra)); j++, i++) input[i]=origtag[j+2]; input[8] = '\0'; // Convert Hex to Binary hex2bin(input, output); //Resolving the Address into tbits, sbits, bbits for (xindex=0, jindex=(32-blockbits); jindex<32; jindex++, xindex++) { bbits[xindex] = output[jindex]; } bbits[xindex]='\0'; for (xindex=0, kindex=(32-(blockbits+setbits)); kindex<32-(blockbits); kindex++, xindex++){ sbits[xindex] = output[kindex]; } sbits[xindex]='\0'; for (xindex=0, lindex=0; lindex<(32-(blockbits+setbits)); lindex++, xindex++){ tbits[xindex] = output[lindex]; } tbits[xindex]='\0'; //Convert set bits from char array into ints for(xindex = 0, kindex = (setbits -1); xindex < setbits; xindex ++, kindex--) { if (sbits[xindex] == '1') setadd = 1; if (sbits[xindex] == '0') setadd = 0; setadd = setadd * pow(2, kindex); totalset += setadd; } //Calculating Hits and Misses if (newCache[totalset].valid == 0) { newCache[totalset].valid = 1; strcpy(newCache[totalset].tag, tbits); } else if (newCache[totalset].valid == 1) { if(strcmp(newCache[totalset].tag, tbits) == 0) { if (readwrite == 'W') { cacheHit++; write++; } if (readwrite == 'R') cacheHit++; } else { if (readwrite == 'R') { cacheMiss++; read++; } if (readwrite == 'W') { cacheMiss++; read++; write++; } strcpy(newCache[totalset].tag, tbits); } } } printf("Hits: %d\n", cacheHit); printf("Misses: %d\n", cacheMiss); printf("Writes: %d\n", write); printf("Reads: %d\n", read); }

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  • Concurrent Generation of Sequential Keys

    - by GenTiradentes
    I'm working on a project which generates a very large number of sequential text strings, in a very tight loop. My application makes heavy use of SIMD instruction set extensions like SSE and MMX, in other parts of the program, but the key generator is plain C++. The way my key generator works is I have a keyGenerator class, which holds a single char array that stores the current key. To get the next key, there is a function called "incrementKey," which treats the string as a number, adding one to the string, carrying where necessary. Now, the problem is, the keygen is somewhat of a bottleneck. It's fast, but it would be nice if it were faster. One of the biggest problems is that when I'm generating a set of sequential keys to be processed using my SSE2 code, I have to have the entire set stored in an array, which means I have to sequentially generate and copy 12 strings into an array, one by one, like so: char* keys[12]; for(int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { keys[i] = new char[16]; strcmp(keys[i], keygen++); } So how would you efficiently generate these plaintext strings in order? I need some ideas to help move this along. Concurrency would be nice; as my code is right now, each successive key depends on the previous one, which means that the processor can't start work on the next key until the current one has been completely generated. Here is the code relevant to the key generator: KeyGenerator.h class keyGenerator { public: keyGenerator(unsigned long long location, characterSet* charset) : location(location), charset(charset) { for(int i = 0; i < 16; i++) key[i] = 0; charsetStr = charset->getCharsetStr(); integerToKey(); } ~keyGenerator() { } inline void incrementKey() { register size_t keyLength = strlen(key); for(register char* place = key; place; place++) { if(*place == charset->maxChar) { // Overflow, reset char at place *place = charset->minChar; if(!*(place+1)) { // Carry, no space, insert char *(place+1) = charset->minChar; ++keyLength; break; } else { continue; } } else { // Space available, increment char at place if(*place == charset->charSecEnd[0]) *place = charset->charSecBegin[0]; else if(*place == charset->charSecEnd[1]) *place = charset->charSecBegin[1]; (*place)++; break; } } } inline char* operator++() // Pre-increment { incrementKey(); return key; } inline char* operator++(int) // Post-increment { memcpy(postIncrementRetval, key, 16); incrementKey(); return postIncrementRetval; } void integerToKey() { register unsigned long long num = location; if(!num) { key[0] = charsetStr[0]; } else { num++; while(num) { num--; unsigned int remainder = num % charset->length; num /= charset->length; key[strlen(key)] = charsetStr[remainder]; } } } inline unsigned long long keyToInteger() { // TODO return 0; } inline char* getKey() { return key; } private: unsigned long long location; characterSet* charset; std::string charsetStr; char key[16]; // We need a place to store the key for the post increment operation. char postIncrementRetval[16]; }; CharacterSet.h struct characterSet { characterSet() { } characterSet(unsigned int len, int min, int max, int charsec0, int charsec1, int charsec2, int charsec3) { init(length, min, max, charsec0, charsec1, charsec2, charsec3); } void init(unsigned int len, int min, int max, int charsec0, int charsec1, int charsec2, int charsec3) { length = len; minChar = min; maxChar = max; charSecEnd[0] = charsec0; charSecBegin[0] = charsec1; charSecEnd[1] = charsec2; charSecBegin[1] = charsec3; } std::string getCharsetStr() { std::string retval; for(int chr = minChar; chr != maxChar; chr++) { for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) if(chr == charSecEnd[i]) chr = charSecBegin[i]; retval += chr; } return retval; } int minChar, maxChar; // charSec = character set section int charSecEnd[2], charSecBegin[2]; unsigned int length; };

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  • struct function

    - by gcc
    typedef struct phoneEntry { struct phoneEntry* next; char* info; char* number; } phoneEntry; typedef struct contactEntry { struct contactEntry* next; char* name; char* surname; struct phoneEntry* phoneList; } contactEntry; I want write a function that add a new contact to the phone book using given name and surname.(please, Note that a new contact should be located in the proper location which ensures the alphabetical ordering of the contacts.) void addContact(contactEntry** phoneBook, char* name, char* surname) { } I tried to write ,but ,unfortunetely, I cannot question is that there are any person who can help me.

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  • Java for each vs regular for -- are they equivalent?

    - by polygenelubricants
    Are these two constructs equivalent? char[] arr = new char[5]; for (char x : arr) { // code goes here } Compared to: char[] arr = new char[5]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { char x = arr[i]; // code goes here } That is, if I put exactly the same code in the body of both loops (and they compile), will they behave exactly the same??? Full disclaimer: this was inspired by another question (Java: are these 2 codes the same). My answer there turned out not to be the answer, but I feel that the exact semantics of Java for-each has some nuances that needs pointing out.

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  • Can someone explain this "endian-ness" function for me?

    - by Mike
    Write a program to determine whether a computer is big-endian or little-endian. bool endianness() { int i = 1; char *ptr; ptr = (char*) &i; return (*ptr); } So I have the above function. I don't really get it. ptr = (char*) &i, which I think means a pointer to a character at address of where i is sitting, so if an int is 4 bytes, say ABCD, are we talking about A or D when you call char* on that? and why? Would some one please explain this in more detail? Thanks. So specifically, ptr = (char*) &i; when you cast it to char*, what part of &i do I get?

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  • Dynamically allocated structure and casting.

    - by Simone Margaritelli
    Let's say I have a first structure like this: typedef struct { int ivalue; char cvalue; } Foo; And a second one: typedef struct { int ivalue; char cvalue; unsigned char some_data_block[0xFF]; } Bar; Now let's say I do the following: Foo *pfoo; Bar *pbar; pbar = new Bar; pfoo = (Foo *)pbar; delete pfoo; Now, when I call the delete operator, how much memory does it free? sizeof(int) + sizeof(char) Or sizeof(int) + sizeof(char) + sizeof(char) * 0xFF ? And if it's the first case due to the casting, is there any way to prevent this memory leak from happening? Note: please don't answer "use C++ polymorphism" or similar, I am using this method for a reason.

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  • Link error (LNK2019) when including other projects in Visual Studio 2005

    - by jules
    I am trying to work with several projects on visual studio 2005. I have one project that depends on two others. I have included those two project in the first project solution, and set the dependencies correctly. I get this error when linking the project: 1>server_controller.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall server_communication::TcpServer::TcpServer(class boost::asio::io_service &,struct server_communication::ServerParameters &)" (??0TcpServer@server_communication@@QAE@AAVio_service@asio@boost@@AAUServerParameters@1@@Z) referenced in function "public: __thiscall server_controller::ServerController::ServerController(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >)" (??0ServerController@server_controller@@QAE@V?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@0@Z) I seems that the symbols can not be found in the other projects, even though there are defined in those projects.

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  • Flash Hates Me. Error #1009: Cannot access a property or method of a null object reference

    - by sol
    I simply create a movie clip, put it on the stage and give it an instance name of char. Here's my document class, simple as can be: public class Test extends MovieClip { public function Test() { char.x = 1315; char.y = 459; addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, mouseListen); } private function mouseListen(e:Event) { char.x = mouseX; char.y = mouseY; } } And I get this error: TypeError: Error #1009: Cannot access a property or method of a null object reference. at com.me::Test/::mouseListen() How in the world is it possible that it knows what "char" is in the constructor but not in the mouseListen function? What else could it be?

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  • passing custom object as parameter to a webmethod of asp.net web service

    - by Jon
    Hi, I have a custom class declared as follows (in vb.net) <Serializable()> _ Public Class NumInfo Public n As String Public f As Integer Public fc As char() Public t As Integer Public tc As char() Private validFlag As Boolean = True Public Sub New() End Sub 'I also have public properties(read/write) for all the public variablesEnd Class In my service.asmx codebehind class I have a webmethod as follows: <WebMethod()> _ <XmlInclude(GetType(NumInfo))> _ Public Function ConvertTo(ByVal info As NumInfo) As String Return mbc(info)'mbc is another function defined in my service.asmx "service" class End Function The problem is that when I start debugging it to test it, the page that I get does not contain any fields where I could input the values for the public fields of numInfo. How do I initialise the class? There is no "Invoke" button either. All I see are soap details as below: ConvertToTestThe test form is only available for methods with primitive types as parameters.SOAP 1.1The following is a sample SOAP 1.1 request and response. The placeholders shown need to be replaced with actual values.POST /Converter/BC.asmx HTTP/1.1Host: localhostContent-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8Content-Length: lengthSOAPAction: "http://Services/ConvertTo"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> <soap:Body> <ConvertTo xmlns="http://Services/"> <info> <n>string</n> <f>int&lt/f> <fc> <char>char</char> <char>char>/char> </fc>..etc.. What am I doing wrong? For the record I tried replacing char() with string to see if it was the array causing problems but that didn't help either. I'm fairly new to web services. I tried replacing the custom object parameter with a primitive parameter just to check how things worked and it rendered a page with an input field and invoke button. I just can't seem to get it working with custom object. Help!

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  • a program similar to ls with some modifications

    - by Bond
    Hi, here is a simple puzzle I wanted to discuss. A C program to take directory name as command line argument and print last 3 directories and 3 files in all subdirectories without using api 'system' inside it. suppose directory bond0 contains bond1, di2, bond3, bond4, bond5 and my_file1, my_file2, my_file3, my_file4, my_file5, my_file6 and bond1 contains bond6 my_file7 my_file8 my_file9 my_file10 program should output - bond3, bond4, bond5, my_file4, my_file5, my_file6, bond6, my_file8, my_file9, my_file10 My code for the above problem is here #include<dirent.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<string.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> char *directs[20], *files[20]; int i = 0; int j = 0; int count = 0; void printdir(char *); int count_dirs(char *); int count_files(char *); int main() { char startdir[20]; printf("Scanning user directories\n"); scanf("%s", startdir); printdir(startdir); } void printdir(char *dir) { printf("printdir called %d directory is %s\n", ++count, dir); DIR *dp = opendir(dir); int nDirs, nFiles, nD, nF; nDirs = 0; nFiles = 0; nD = 0; nF = 0; if (dp) { struct dirent *entry = 0; struct stat statBuf; nDirs = count_dirs(dir); nFiles = count_files(dir); printf("The no of subdirectories in %s is %d \n", dir, nDirs); printf("The no of files in %s is %d \n", dir, nFiles); while ((entry = readdir(dp)) != 0) { if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0) { continue; } char *filepath = malloc(strlen(dir) + strlen(entry->d_name) + 2); if (filepath) { sprintf(filepath, "%s/%s", dir, entry->d_name); if (lstat(filepath, &statBuf) != 0) { } if (S_ISDIR(statBuf.st_mode)) { nD++; if ((nDirs - nD) < 3) { printf("The directory is %s\n",entry->d_name); } } else { nF++; if ((nFiles - nF) < 3) { printf("The files are %s\n", entry->d_name); } //if } //else free(filepath); } //if(filepath) } //while while ((entry = readdir(dp)) != 0) { if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0) { continue; } printf("In second while loop *entry=%s\n",entry->d_name); char *filepath = malloc(strlen(dir) + strlen(entry->d_name) + 2); if (filepath) { sprintf(filepath, "%s/%s", dir, entry->d_name); if (lstat(filepath, &statBuf) != 0) { } if (S_ISDIR(statBuf.st_mode)) { printdir(entry->d_name); } } //else free(filepath); } //2nd while closedir(dp); } else { fprintf(stderr, "Error, cannot open directory %s\n", dir); } } //printdir int count_dirs(char *dir) { DIR *dp = opendir(dir); int nD; nD = 0; if (dp) { struct dirent *entry = 0; struct stat statBuf; while ((entry = readdir(dp)) != 0) { if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0) { continue; } char *filepath = malloc(strlen(dir) + strlen(entry->d_name) + 2); if (filepath) { sprintf(filepath, "%s/%s", dir, entry->d_name); if (lstat(filepath, &statBuf) != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "File Not found? %s\n", filepath); } if (S_ISDIR(statBuf.st_mode)) { nD++; } else { continue; } free(filepath); } } closedir(dp); } else { fprintf(stderr, "Error, cannot open directory %s\n", dir); } return nD; } int count_files(char *dir) { DIR *dp = opendir(dir); int nF; nF = 0; if (dp) { struct dirent *entry = 0; struct stat statBuf; while ((entry = readdir(dp)) != 0) { if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0) { continue; } char *filepath = malloc(strlen(dir) + strlen(entry->d_name) + 2); if (filepath) { sprintf(filepath, "%s/%s", dir, entry->d_name); if (lstat(filepath, &statBuf) != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "File Not found? %s\n", filepath); } if (S_ISDIR(statBuf.st_mode)) { continue; } else { nF++; } free(filepath); } } closedir(dp); } else { fprintf(stderr, "Error, cannot open file %s\n", dir); } return nF; } The above code I wrote is a bit not functioning correctly can some one help me to understand the error which is coming.So that I improve it further.There seems to be some small glitch which is not clear to me right now.

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  • [C] this code, its work fine and return what i want, but its hangs before print it ??

    - by Rami Jarrar
    I make this program :: #include<stdio.h> char *raw_input(char *msg); main() { char *s; *s = *raw_input("Message Here Is: "); printf("Return Done.."); printf(s); } char *raw_input(char *msg){ char *d; printf("%s", msg); scanf("%s",&d); return d; } What this do is, it print my message and scan for input from the user, then print it,, but whats the problem in print the input from the user ??? Update:: I need the raw_input func. call be like this without any extra *s = *raw_input("Message Here"); I dont want to use this :: raw_input("Message Here Is: ", d); .... Just want to return the string that the user will enter .

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  • Function template overloading: link error

    - by matt
    I'm trying to overload a "display" method as follows: template <typename T> void imShow(T* img, int ImgW, int ImgH); template <typename T1, typename T2> void imShow(T1* img1, T2* img2, int ImgW, int ImgH); I am then calling the template with unsigned char* im1 and char* im2: imShow(im1, im2, ImgW, ImgH); This compiles fine, but i get a link error "unresolved external symbol" for: imShow<unsigned char,char>(unsigned char *,char *,int,int) I don't understand what I did wrong!

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  • Function From C to Delphi

    - by XBasic3000
    I created a function similar below in delphi code. but it wont work. What is the proper way to convert this? char* ReadSpeechFile(char* pFileName, int *nFileSize) { char *szBuf, *pLinearPCM; int nSize; FILE* fp; //read wave data fp = fopen(pFileName, "rb"); if(fp == NULL) return NULL; fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END); nSize = ftell(fp); //linear szBuf = (char *)calloc(nSize, sizeof(char)); fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET); fread(szBuf, sizeof(char), nSize, fp); fclose(fp); *nFileSize = nSize; return szBuf; }

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  • [C] this code, its work fine and return what i want, but its hang before print it ??

    - by Rami Jarrar
    I make this program :: #include<stdio.h> char *raw_input(char *msg); main() { char *s; *s = *raw_input("Message Here Is: "); printf("Return Done.."); printf(s); } char *raw_input(char *msg){ char *d; printf("%s", msg); scanf("%s",&d); return d; } What this do is, it print my message and scan for input from the user, then print it,, but whats the problem in print the input from the user ???

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  • What is the safest way to pass strings around in C?

    - by chucknelson
    I have a program in C using Solaris with VERY ancient compatibility it seems. Many examples, even here on SO, don't work, as well as lots of code I've written on Mac OS X. So when using very strict C, what is the safest way to pass strings? I'm currently using char pointers all over the place, due to what I thought was simplicity. So I have functions that return char*, I'm passing char* to them, etc. I'm already seeing strange behavior, like a char* I passed having its value right when I enter a function, and then the value being mysteriously gone OR corrupted/overwritten after something simple like one printf() or an malloc to some other pointer. I was thinking maybe declaring a local char[] inside each function, using strcpy() immediately, and then eventually returning a pointer where char *returnval = strdup(localchar[]); This seems...sloppy. Can anyone point me in the right direction on a simple requirement?

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  • Error in qsort function in Programming Pearls?

    - by Dervin Thunk
    Hello, is it just me or this code in Programming Pearls is wrong (quicksort wants 2 const voids, no?) If so, is my solution right? Apologies, just learning... int wordncmp(char *p, char* q) { int n = k; for ( ; *p == *q; p++, q++) if (*p == 0 && --n == 0) return 0; return *p - *q; } int sortcmp(char **p, char **q) { return wordncmp(*p, *q); } ... qsort(word, nword, sizeof(word[0]), sortcmp); Is this a solution? int sortcmp(const void *p, const void *q) { return wordncmp(* (char * const *) p, * (char * const *) q); }

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  • Basic shared memory program in C

    - by nicopuri
    Hi, I want to make a basic chat application in C using Shared memory. I am working in Linux. The application consist in writing the client and the server can read, and if the server write the client can read the message. I tried to do this, but I can't achieve the communication between client and server. The code is the following: Server.c int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *msg; static char buf[SIZE]; int n; msg = getmem(); memset(msg, 0, SIZE); initmutex(); while ( true ) { if( (n = read(0, buf, sizeof buf)) 0 ) { enter(); sprintf(msg, "%.*s", n, buf); printf("Servidor escribe: %s", msg); leave(); }else{ enter(); if ( strcmp(buf, msg) ) { printf("Servidor lee: %s", msg); strcpy(buf, msg); } leave(); sleep(1); } } return 0; } Client.c int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *msg; static char buf[SIZE-1]; int n; msg = getmem(); initmutex(); while(true) { if ( (n = read(0, buf, sizeof buf)) 0 ) { enter(); sprintf(msg, "%.*s", n, buf); printf("Cliente escribe: %s", msg); leave(); }else{ enter(); if ( strcmp(buf, msg) ) { printf("Cliente lee: %s", msg); strcpy(buf, msg); } leave(); sleep(1); } } printf("Cliente termina\n"); return 0; } The shared memory module is the folowing: #include "common.h" void fatal(char *s) { perror(s); exit(1); } char * getmem(void) { int fd; char *mem; if ( (fd = shm_open("/message", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0666)) == -1 ) fatal("sh_open"); ftruncate(fd, SIZE); if ( !(mem = mmap(NULL, SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)) ) fatal("mmap"); close(fd); return mem; } static sem_t *sd; void initmutex(void) { if ( !(sd = sem_open("/mutex", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0666, 1)) ) fatal("sem_open"); } void enter(void) { sem_wait(sd); } void leave(void) { sem_post(sd); }

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