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  • IPtables AWS EC2 NAT/Reverse NAT - For Reverse Proxy style setup but with IPtables

    - by Mark
    I was thinking initially needing to do a reverse proxy or something so I could get some SSL/TLS traffic look like it is being terminated at a server and IP address in the AWS cloud, and then that traffic is forwarded onto our actual web servers that aren't in the cloud... I've not done much iptables pre and post routing before Dnat or Snat which I know are the things I need or a combination of the things I need in order achieve what i'm trying. Things to note:- Client/User - Must not be able to see backend IP address and only see the IP address of the cloud box https (TLS/SSL) - connection shouldn't be terminated at the cloud box, it should act like a router almost EC2 instance - Has only one network interface available to play with... this is thus an (internet <- internet) type of routing going on. EC2 instance IP address is already more or less behind a NAT that I have no control over, for example... Public ip address could be 46.1.1.1 but instance IP will be 10.1.1.1. Connections from client will go to 46.1.1.1 which will end up at the instance and on interface 10.1.1.1. The connection from the client then needs to be forwarded (DNAT) onto the backend web servers which are back out on the internet (SNAT). Possibly a part of the problem could be that the SNAT will need to be set to the external interface of the instance and I wonder if this makes it harder for IPtables to track the connection? So looking to basically, have it look as though connections are terminating at this server and its IP address. Whereas all that's really happening is the https request and connection is being forwarded straight onto another internet facing web server. How possible does that sound?

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  • growing EBS RAID volume

    - by Ryan Fernandes
    I've created a RAID0 configuration with two 1GB EBS volumes, mounted at /dev/md0 using mdadm and formatted with XFS Next, I copied some files over to fill the volume to around 30% of its capacity (of 2GB) I then created snapshots of the volumes using ec2-consistent-snapshot and created volumes of the said snapshots but specified the volume size to be 2GB (effective doubling the capacity on each disk) I then spun up a new instance, assembled the RAID0 configuration on /dev/md0 from the 2 volumes mentioned above and mount it to /vol df -hT showed /vol as 2GB (as expected) Now I ran sudo xfs_growfs -d /vol. The command completed normally but reported blocks changed from 523776 to 524160 (only!) and df -hT still showed /vol as 2GB (instead of the expected 4GB) I rebooted, remounted, reassembled the RAID but it still reports the old size. Any clue as to what went wrong?

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  • Error after installing mysqlnd_ms

    - by user997226
    I am working on Amazon EC2 using the Amazon Linux AMI which is based on CentOS. I have installed php54 and php54-mysqlnd. I then do a "sudo pecl install myslqnd_ms" This installs fine. I add the extension into the php.ini file. Then I start httpd, and when I do in the error log I see: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib64/php/modules/mysqlnd_ms.so' - /usr/lib64/php/modules/mysqlnd_ms.so: undefined symbol: mysqlnd_globals in Unknown on line 0 Googling this lead me to: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=62276&edit=1 and http://forums.famillecollet.com/viewtopic.php?id=242 neither of which helped me much. I am trying to stick to stock pre built binaries from the main YUM repo if possible. What would be the best solution here? Thanks in advance

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  • How to get nginx to serve up on an elastic IP

    - by geekbri
    I have an EC2 instance which is serving up PHP pages with nginx and php-fpm. This works perfectly fine when accessed through the public DNS for the instance. However if I try to access the site with the Elastic IP which is bound to it, it serves up a generic "Welcome to nginx" page, even though in my server block i have listen 80 (which i thought listened on all incoming IPs on port 80). Here is my nginx config. server { listen 80; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; root "/var/www/clipperz/"; index index.html index.php; # Default location location / { try_files $uri $uri/ index.html; } # Parse all .php file in the $document_root directory location ~ .php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } }

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  • How to deploy local project to Amazon

    - by Nai
    I have a small webapp written in Python/Django which works fine on my local machine. I've been tinkering and setting up my server on the free tier of Amazon EC2 by following online tutorials. However, the tutorials I have found so far shows you how to setup your instance and stops there. So my question is, how do I get my local webapp onto my Amazon instance? FYI, I'm a sys admin/web dev. noob. Thanks.

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  • Why does Amazon release private keys instead of public keys?

    - by S37H
    My brain is wrapped around the axle on public and private keys. When you create a cloud server (instance) on Amazon's EC2 service and then want to connect to it via SSH, Amazon requires you to download private a key to make the connection. Doesn't the idea behind public/private key suggest that Amazon should be require you to download a public one? Further, if I set up an SFTP server for a customer to use, should I be installing their key on the server or giving them a key from the server? In either case, should it be a public or private key?

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  • jetty crash trouble shooting

    - by user886356
    Recently I switch to amazon ec2 + jetty9 + oracle jdk7_u45 for cost saving. I found the jetty server is very unstable. It crash randomly without any jvm dump file. Tried to enable stdout with the dumpBeforeStop=TRUE. It won't append the dump messages to stderrout.log before crash. Seems it isn't related to OutOfMemoryError as I have enabled the gc verbose options and found it still has many available memory before crash. : 162604K-3340K(176960K), 0.2240040 secs] 248332K-89101K(373568K), 0.2736860 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.01, real=0.28 secs] Tried to downgrade to jetty8 with different jdk combination (jdk6 / jdk7). Still got the same problem. Tried to remove all jvm options and using "sudo java -jar start.jar" to run jetty. Still crash. Any other way to shoot the problem?

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  • Linux halts every few seconds

    - by Zeppomedio
    We're having an issue where one our Linux boxes (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, running on EC2 with a quadruple-large size, 68GB of RAM and 8 virtual cores with 3.25GHz each) freezes up every few seconds. Typing in an ssh session will freeze, and running strace on one of the Postgresql processes that's running usually shows: 02:37:41.567990 semop(7831581, {{3, -1, 0}}, 1 for a few seconds before it proceeds (it always gets stuck at that semop). OProfile shows that most of the time is spent in the kernel (60%) versus 37% in Postgresql. The result of these halts (which began suddenly a day ago) is that load on the box has gone from 0.7 to 10+, and causes our entire stack to slow done. Any ideas on how to track down what's going on? iostat doesn't show the disks being particularly slow or overloaded, and top shows user cpu % spike from 8% to about 40% whenever these back-ups happen.

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  • How should I host a site that could potentially get a short spike in traffic of 1000%+

    - by James Simpson
    This is a purely theoretical question, but what if I had a site that would normally only get a couple thousand hits a day, but for a few days each month that could shoot to several hundred thousand or even several million hits over the period of 1-3 days. The site would be pretty bare-bones (as in, 2-3 total pages with 1-2 max MySQL queries on each page and some PHP), so bandwidth wouldn't be the issue, but sheer volume taking down the site would be the main concern. Cloud hosting seems like the best way to go, but would something like Amazon EC2, MediaTemple, or something else be the right choice in this case?

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  • Postgresql 9.2 where is the initdb located on Ubuntu

    - by thanikkal
    I am trying to install postgres on EC2 / EBS. I am following this article and stuck at the following step. sudo su - su postgres - /usr/pgsql-9.0/bin/initdb -D /pgdata I cant find the initdb command located at the stated location, matter of fact i cant find the pgsql* directory at all under /usr folder. Was this changed for Postgres 9.2 or is there an alternate command that would help me initdb? edit 1: I know the folder pgsql-9.0 is version specific, so i was expecting to see more like pgsql-9.2 or similar.

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  • Auto-Attach EBS-volume to a New Spot Instance?

    - by Jeff
    I am experimenting with EC2 spot instances, and am needing some data to be retained between terminations. Now as I understand it, when the current price goes above my max. bid, it will be automatically terminated. I assume any init scripts I have will be run on shutdown so I can push data off to the EBS before unmounting. My question is, how can I automatically mount the same EBS volume on the new spot instance once the price goes down, since it won't have any of my init scripts that I would've loaded onto the root volume the first time? Do I have to create a custom AMI, or is there some other way to achieve this?

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  • Strongswan and OpenVPN together

    - by cmorgia
    I have an host in Amazon EC2 which is configured with an OpenVPN Access Server. The only client to this server is acting as a gateway from a private network. I installed StrongSWAN 5 on the same host to allow windows 7 and iOS clients to connect using IPSEC. Both services works but what I cannot figure out is how to configure StrongSWAN to consider the OpenVPN tunnel endpoint as the only gateway available to clients. Basically I want all the traffic that comes from IPSEC clients to be entirely forwarded to the OpenVPN tunnel. The remote OpenVPN client that is exposing the private network has forwarding enabled and appropriate masquerading configured. The only missing point is to have the OpenVPN tunnel as the gateway for IPsEC clients

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  • Amazon mount EBS

    - by William
    I'm trying to mount /vol to a EBS volume on an Amazon EC2 instance. I'm formatting the device to xfs, adding "/dev/sdh /vol xfs noatime 0 0" to my /etc/fstab file, making the /vol dir and mounting it and whenever I try to do anything with that volume (create a file in /vol, cd, ls, anything) or I try to run df the server just freezes. Anyone have any idea what this might be? It's driving me crazy. Edit: It seems to freeze after I mount, has nothing to do with doing any commands to the volume it's self.

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  • PHP cannot connect to AWS RDS server

    - by Eugene Lim
    I have a EC2 Instance with apchane, PHP and phpmyadmin. I have connect phpmyadmin to manage the aws RDS server. they are in the same security group. But when i try to use a php script to connect to the AWS rds server, it gave me SQLSTATE[HY000] [2003] Can't connect to MySQL server on (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx). I did some researched, and most of them says use setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect=1 reference: http://www.filonov.com/2009/08/07/sqlstatehy000-2003-cant-connect-to-mysql-server-on-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx-13/ But i have no idea which server to configure? and how to?

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  • How do I expose a webapp on :8090, even though firewall allows only :80 and :22

    - by Kaustubh P
    I am a noob in Server related stuff, so bear me. I use amazon webservices (EC2) on which I have a webapp running on jetty, which runs on port 8090. I deploy the webapp through the usual method of java -jar start.jar So then to access the app, I have to add a port in the URL, like this: someIP:8090/app But just typing someIP in the browser takes me to a page that shows It works! This is the default web page for this server. The web server software is running but no content has been added, yet. which I assume is apache. I have apache, tomcat and jetty installed. What can I do so that I dont have to specify the port? Do I have to perform port-forwarding? Thanks a lot.

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  • How to persist changes to instances in the cloud.

    - by Peter NUnn
    Hi folks, I must be missing something here, but can someone clue me in on how to persist changes (such as software installs etc) on machines in the cloud (either EC2 or my own Eucalyptus cloud). I have instances running.. can attach extra disks to them etc., but every time I terminate the instance, all of my changes are lost the next time I run them. Now, this sort of makes sense in that the instances are virtual, but, there must be some way to make these changes persist. I'm just missing how its done. Thanks. Peter.

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  • Amazon EBS root volume persistence

    - by hipplar
    When I launch a new Windows EC2 instance I am given a 30 gig root EBS volume. I'm trying to make sure I understand the EBS terminology and want to make sure I understand this correctly: Q: What happens to my data when a system terminates? The data stored on a local instance store will persist only as long as that instance is alive. However, data that is stored on an Amazon EBS volume will persist independently of the life of the instance. What exactly does "instance is alive" mean? If I write files to the root volume and reboot the instance will the files remain? Or do I physically have to terminate (delete) the instance for the root volume to go away? Thanks

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  • Database modularity with EBS volumes

    - by Eclyps19
    I would like to add modularity to my websites on EC2 instances by encapsulating the site files and the mysql files in their own EBS volumes. The end result that I'm going for is the ability to quickly mount a volume or two to different servers running the same AMI (for testing/development/emergency maintenance, etc), as well as maintain separate snapshots of each. I'm able to do this fairly easily with a single database by symlinking my mounted database EBS to the appropriate places (/var/lib/mysql, /etc/my.cnf, /var/log/mysqld.log), but I'm not sure if it would even be possible be possible to have multiple databases on different EBS volumes running concurrently. Example: /website1/www.website.com /database1/ /website2/www.otherwebsite.com /database2/ Could anybody shed some light on this for me? Is it possible? Is it a bad idea? Thanks.

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  • How to configure squid for retrieving (and caching) directly my static resources?

    - by fabien7474
    I have an Apache/Tomcat/Spring tc Server running on CentOS EC2 VM. I would like to install squid on the same machine as a proxy for retrieving (directly i.e. without forwarding the request to Apache/Tomcat) and caching static content ONLY identified by URIs : /images, /css or /js. Other URIs should be forwarded to the normal Web Server and not cached. Since I am a newbie, I didn't find from squid documentation how to configure squid for this desired behavior (and if it is even possible). Could you please help me and tell me how should I configure squid for this purpose? Thank you.

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  • EBS+RAID10+XFS slower than EBS+RAID10+EXT3 using MySQL?

    - by Johann Tagle
    We're currently using EC2 with 16 EBS volumes in RAID10 configuration for our MySQL data. I know some people don't recommend to put EBS volumes to RAID but that's not what I'm concerned about at the moment. Current format is ext3, but we're experimenting with moving to xfs, given many reports that it is faster. However, we're actually experiencing a performance degradation when the partition was converted to xfs - a benchmark run with inserts, updates, selects and deletes was more than 10 seconds slower using xfs. Any idea what could be the problem? Below is the fstab entry (really only changed ext3 to xfs). Database tables are innodb and we are using innodb_file_per_table. /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data /data xfs noatime 0 0 Thanks.

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  • AWS Elastic load balancer doesn't decrease instances from Alarm Trigger

    - by jchysk
    I have a load balancer that I created an auto-scaling-group and launch-config for. I created the auto-scaling-group with a min-size of 1 and max size of 20. I have a scaledown policy: as-put-scaling-policy SBMScaleDownPolicy --auto-scaling-group SBMAutoScaleGroup --adjustment=-1 --type ChangeInCapacity --cooldown 300 Then I set up an alarm: mon-put-metric-alarm SBMLowCPUAlarm --comparison-operator LessThanThreshold --evaluation-periods 1 --metric-name CPUUtilization --namespace "AWS/EC2" --period 600 --statistic Average --threshold 35 --alarm-actions arn:aws:autoscaling:us-east-1:policystuffhere:autoScalingGroupName/SBMAutoScaleGroup:policyName/SBMScaleDownPolicy --dimensions "AutoScalingGroupName=SBMAutoScaleGroup" When average CPU usage over 10 minutes is under 35, in CloudFront the alarm shows up as "In Alarm State" but doesn't decrease the number of instances. Also, if there's only one instance running it'll spin up another to 2 even if a scale up alarm isn't hit. It seems like the default value is just set to 2 somehow. How can I change this?

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  • Elastic Load Balancer & SSL termination

    - by Aaron Scruggs
    I am setting up a Rails app on AWS that: 1) all traffic must ssl encrypted 2) will highly fluctuate in traffic on a weekly basis 3) will by maintained by someone that is a stronger coder than sysadmin, but will be responsible for both I am thinking that SSL termination on an elastic load balancer backed by small ec2 instances running nginx and unicorn A small subset of the requests will take longer than 10s, because of this I am also debating using 'thin' instead of 'unicorn'. My question is this: Is this sane? I am stepping into a quagmire of cost, maintainability, security or performance problems?

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  • Reverse Proxy Wordpress with Lighttpd

    - by Jonah
    I am deploying an application and a Wordpress installation on AWS. I have Wordpress set up under Apache on an EC2, and my application under Lighttpd, and I want to reverse-proxy Wordpress through the application node. This works fine, I just set up the reverse proxy in Lighttpd as so: $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/blog" { proxy.server = ( "/blog" => ( "blog" => ( "host" => "123.456.789.123", "port" => 80 )) ) } url.rewrite-once = ( "^(.*?)$" => "/index.php/$1" ) However, the issue is in the rewrite. When I enable rewriting, it catches it before the reverse proxy, and routes to index.php on the application server. I need it to not rewrite if it's going to the blog. I tried various regex matches and other configurations, but I haven't been able to get it to support rewriting and proxying at the same time. How can this be done?

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  • vpn/Openvpn as a cloud service

    - by 8pipe
    I am working on creating a small cloud (any number of EC2 instances that can be deployed based on load) implementing a VPN as a service for the company I'm working for. This is basically a project gathering together various vpn resources under one aegis as a cloud based service. As a user of openvpn, I'm somewhat familiar with being able to connect, but I'm looking for resources to start this project. Essentially I need to be able to: run a certificate authority and manage keys to distribute to coworkers build an ami that handles openvpn as a service balance the load if necessary among machines instances as needed Any suggestions for tutorials, things to avoid, roadblocks I might not be seeing from a novice perspective, etc. or just help in visualizing this is appreciated.

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  • Which AMI should I use as a base for a Django application?

    - by Edan Maor
    I'm starting development of a Django application, on Amazon's Web Services. I'm looking to build an instance that will serve the Django. I don't have much experience with such things, having only used a shared host before (WebFaction). So I'm wondering, which AMI should I use as a base? I'm assuming I want an Ubuntu AMI, possibly with certain things like Apache pre-installed? One minor point: I'm planning to serve several different Django projects from the same instance. I use virtualenv on my dev machine right now to separate the different projects, I'm assuming I'll do the same on EC2. Thanks!

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