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• Problems using (building?) native gem extensions on OS X

  - by goodmike

  I am having trouble with some of my rubygems, in particular those that use native extensions. I am on a MacBookPro, with Snow Leopard. I have XCode 3.2.1 installed, with gcc 4.2.1. Ruby 1.8.6, because I'm lazy and a scaredy cat and don't want to upgrade yet. Ruby is running in 32-bit mode. I built this ruby from scratch when my MBP ran OSX 10.4. When I require one of the affected gems in irb, I get a Load Error for the gem extension's bundle file. For example, here's nokogigi dissing me: > require 'rubygems' = true > require 'nokogiri' LoadError: Failed to load /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/nokogiri-1.4.1/lib/nokogiri/nokogiri.bundle This is also happening with the Postgres pg and MongoDB mongo gems. My first thought was that the extensions must not be building right. But gem install wasn't throwing any errors. So I reinstalled with the verbose flag, hoping to see some helpful warnings. I've put the output in a Pastie, and the only warning I see is a consistent one about "passing argument n of ‘foo’ with different width due to prototype." I suspect that this might be an issue from upgrading to Snow Leopard, but I'm a little surprised to experience it now, since I've updated my XCode. Could it stem from running Ruby in 1.8.6? I'm embarrassed that I don't know quite enough about my Mac and OSX to know where to look next, so any guidance, even just a pointer to some document I couldn't find via Google, would be most welcome. Michael

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• What is your personal approach/take on commenting?

  - by Trae

  Duplicate What are your hard rules about commenting? A Developer I work with had some things to say about commenting that were interesting to me (see below). What is your personal approach/take on commenting? "I don't add comments to code unless its a simple heading or there's a platform-bug or a necessary work-around that isn't obvious. Code can change and comments may become misleading. Code should be self-documenting in its use of descriptive names and its logical organization - and its solutions should be the cleanest/simplest way to perform a given task. If a programmer can't tell what a program does by only reading the code, then he's not ready to alter it. Commenting tends to be a crutch for writing something complex or non-obvious - my goal is to always write clean and simple code." "I think there a few camps when it comes to commenting, the enterprisey-type who think they're writing an API and some grand code-library that will be used for generations to come, the craftsman-like programmer that thinks code says what it does clearer than a comment could, and novices that write verbose/unclear code so as to need to leave notes to themselves as to why they did something."

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• Rails wont install at create Makefile stage

  - by mattc

  I am getting this error after running sudo gem install rails /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb creating Makefile make xcrun cc -I. - I/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/universal-darwin12.0 -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/universal-darwin12.0 -I. -DJSON_GENERATOR -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -fno-common -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -g -O3 -pipe -fno-common -DENABLE_DTRACE -fno-common -pipe -fno-common -c generator.c xcrun: Error: failed to exec real xcrun. (No such file or directory) cc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -pipe -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -o generator.bundle generator.o -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib -L. -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -lruby -lpthread -ldl -lobjc i686-apple-darwin11-llvm-gcc-4.2: generator.o: No such file or directory i686-apple-darwin11-llvm-gcc-4.2: generator.o: No such file or directory lipo: can't figure out the architecture type of: /var/tmp//ccHCNNwM.out make: *** [generator.bundle] Error 1 I have Homebrew installed, Xcode 4.4 with command line tools installed, Osx 10.6.2 I run gem env and get this but not sure what I'm looking for: RubyGems Environment: - RUBYGEMS VERSION: 1.8.24 - RUBY VERSION: 1.8.7 (2012-02-08 patchlevel 358) [universal-darwin12.0] - INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8 - RUBY EXECUTABLE: /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/bin/ruby - EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /usr/bin - RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS: - ruby - universal-darwin-12 - GEM PATHS: - /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8 - /Users/matthewcleghorn/.gem/ruby/1.8 - /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8 - GEM CONFIGURATION: - :update_sources => true - :verbose => true - :benchmark => false - :backtrace => false - :bulk_threshold => 1000 - REMOTE SOURCES: - http://rubygems.org/ Any help greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• What VC++ compiler/linker does when building a C++ project with Managed Extension

  - by ???

  The initial problem is that I tried to rebuild a C++ project with debug symbols and copied it to test machine, The output of the project is external COM server(.exe file). When calling the COM interface function, there's a RPC call failre: COMException(0x800706BE): The remote procedure call failed. According to the COM HRESULT design, if the FACILITY code is 7, it's actually a WIN32 error, and the win32 error code is 0x6BE, which is the above mentioned "remote procedure call failed". All I do is replace the COM server .exe file, the origin file works well. When I checked into the project, I found it's a C++ project with Managed Extension. When I checking the DLL with reflector, it shows there's 2 additional .NET assembly reference. Then I checked the project setting and found nothing about the extra 2 assembly reference. I turned on the show includes option of compiler and verbose library of linker, and try to analyze whether the assembly is indirectly referenced via .h file. I've collect all the .h file and grep all the files with '#using' '#import' and the assembly file itself. There really is a '#using ' in one of the .h file but not-relevant to the referenced assembly. And about the linked .lib library files, only one of the .lib file is a side-product of another managed-extension-enabled C++ project, all others are produced by a pure, traditional C++ project. For the managed-extension-enabled C++ project, I checked the output DLL assembly, it did NOT reference to the 2 assembly. I even try to capture the access of the additional assembly file via sysinternal's filemon and procmon, but the rebuild process does NOT access these file. I'm very confused about the compile and linking process model of a VC++/CLI project, where the additional assembly reference slipped into the final assembly? Thanks in advance for any of your help.

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• Using sigprocmask to implement locks

  - by EpsilonVector

  I'm implementing user threads in Linux kernel 2.4, and I'm using ualarm to invoke context switches between the threads. We have a requirement that our thread library's functions should be uninterruptable, so I looked into blocking signals and learned that using sigprocmask is the standard way to do this. However, it looks like I need to do quite a lot to implement this: sigset_t new_set, old_set; sigemptyset(&new_set); sigaddset(&new_set, SIGALRM); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &new_set, &old_set); This blocks SIGALARM but it does this with 3 function invocations! A lot can happen in the time it takes for these functions to run, including the signal being sent. The best idea I had to mitigate this was temporarily disabling ualarm, like this: sigset_t new_set, old_set; time=ualarm(0,0); sigemptyset(&new_set); sigaddset(&new_set, SIGALRM); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &new_set, &old_set); ualarm(time, 0); Which is fine except that this feels verbose. Isn't there a better way to do this?

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• Using callback functions for error handling in C

  - by Earlz

  Hi, I have been thinking about the difficulty incurred with C error handling.. like who actually does if(printf("hello world")==-1){exit(1);} But you break common standards by not doing such verbose, and usually useless coding. Well what if you had a wrapper around the libc? like so you could do something like.. //main... error_catchall(my_errors); printf("hello world"); //this will automatically call my_errors on an error of printf ignore=1; //this makes it so the function will return like normal and we can check error values ourself if(fopen.... //we want to know if the file opened or not and handle it ourself. } int my_errors(){ if(ignore==0){ _exit(1); //exit if we aren't handling this error by flagging ignore } return 0; //this is called when there is an error anywhere in the libc } ... I am considering making such a wrapper as I am synthesizing my own BSD licensed libc(so I already have to touch the untouchable..), but I would like to know what people think about it.. would this actually work in real life and be more useful than returning -1?

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• parsing the output of the 'w' command?

  - by Blackbinary

  I'm writing a program which requires knowledge of the current load on the system, and the activity of any users (it's a load balancer). This is a university assignment, and I am required to use the w command. I'm having a hard time parsing this command because it is very verbose. Any suggestions on what I can do would be appreciated. This is a small part of the program, and I am free to use whatever method i like. The most condensed version of w which still has the information I require is `w -u -s -f' which produces this: 10:13:43 up 9:57, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 USER TTY IDLE WHAT fsm tty7 22:44m x-session-manager fsm pts/0 0.00s w -u -s -f So out of that, I am interested in the first number after load average and the smallest idle time (so i will need to parse them all). My background process will call w, so the fact that w is the lowest idle time will not matter (all i will see is the tty time). Do you have any ideas? Thanks (I am allowed to use alternative unix commands, like grep, if that helps).

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• Name for method that takes a string value and returns DBNull.Value || string

  - by David Murdoch

  I got tired of writing the following code: /* Commenting out irrelevant parts public string MiddleName; public void Save(){ SqlCommand = new SqlCommand(); // blah blah...boring INSERT statement with params etc go here. */ if(MiddleName==null){ myCmd.Parameters.Add("@MiddleName", DBNull.Value); } else{ myCmd.Parameters.Add("@MiddleName", MiddleName); } /* // more boring code to save to DB. }*/ So, I wrote this: public static object DBNullValueorStringIfNotNull(string value) { object o; if (value == null) { o = DBNull.Value; } else { o = value; } return o; } // which would be called like: myCmd.Parameters.Add("@MiddleName", DBNullValueorStringIfNotNull(MiddleName)); If this is a good way to go about doing this then what would you suggest as the method name? DBNullValueorStringIfNotNull is a bit verbose and confusing. I'm also open to ways to alleviate this problem entirely. I'd LOVE to do this: myCmd.Parameters.Add("@MiddleName", MiddleName==null ? DBNull.Value : MiddleName); but that won't work. I've got C# 3.5 and SQL Server 2005 at my disposal if it matters.

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• How to flatten list of options using higher order functions?

  - by Synesso

  Using Scala 2.7.7: If I have a list of Options, I can flatten them using a for-comprehension: val listOfOptions = List(None, Some("hi"), None) listOfOptions: List[Option[java.lang.String]] = List(None, Some(hi), None) scala> for (opt <- listOfOptions; string <- opt) yield string res0: List[java.lang.String] = List(hi) I don't like this style, and would rather use a HOF. This attempt is too verbose to be acceptable: scala> listOfOptions.flatMap(opt => if (opt.isDefined) Some(opt.get) else None) res1: List[java.lang.String] = List(hi) Intuitively I would have expected the following to work, but it doesn't: scala> List.flatten(listOfOptions) <console>:6: error: type mismatch; found : List[Option[java.lang.String]] required: List[List[?]] List.flatten(listOfOptions) Even the following seems like it should work, but doesn't: scala> listOfOptions.flatMap(_: Option[String]) <console>:6: error: type mismatch; found : Option[String] required: (Option[java.lang.String]) => Iterable[?] listOfOptions.flatMap(_: Option[String]) ^ The best I can come up with is: scala> listOfOptions.flatMap(_.toList) res2: List[java.lang.String] = List(hi) ... but I would much rather not have to convert the option to a list. That seems clunky. Any advice?

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• "Most popular" GROUP BY in LINQ?

  - by tags2k

  Assuming a table of tags like the stackoverflow question tags: TagID (bigint), QuestionID (bigint), Tag (varchar) What is the most efficient way to get the 25 most used tags using LINQ? In SQL, a simple GROUP BY will do: SELECT Tag, COUNT(Tag) FROM Tags GROUP BY Tag I've written some LINQ that works: var groups = from t in DataContext.Tags group t by t.Tag into g select new { Tag = g.Key, Frequency = g.Count() }; return groups.OrderByDescending(g => g.Frequency).Take(25); Like, really? Isn't this mega-verbose? The sad thing is that I'm doing this to save a massive number of queries, as my Tag objects already contain a Frequency property that would otherwise need to check back with the database for every Tag if I actually used the property. So I then parse these anonymous types back into Tag objects: groups.OrderByDescending(g => g.Frequency).Take(25).ToList().ForEach(t => tags.Add(new Tag() { Tag = t.Tag, Frequency = t.Frequency })); I'm a LINQ newbie, and this doesn't seem right. Please show me how it's really done.

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• WPF binding to a boolean on a control

  - by Jose

  I'm wondering if someone has a simple succinct solution to binding to a dependency property that needs to be the converse of the property. Here's an example I have a textbox that is disabled based on a property in the datacontext e.g.: <TextBox IsEnabled={Binding CanEdit} Text={Binding MyText}/> The requirement changes and I want to make it ReadOnly instead of disabled, so without changing my ViewModel I could do this: In the UserControl resources: <UserControl.Resources> <m:NotConverter x:Key="NotConverter"/> </UserControl.Resources> And then change the TextBox to: <TextBox IsReadOnly={Binding CanEdit,Converter={StaticResource NotConverter}} Text={Binding MyText}/> Which I personally think is EXTREMELY verbose I would love to be able to just do this(notice the !): <TextBox IsReadOnly={Binding !CanEdit} Text={Binding MyText}/> But alas, that is not an option that I know of. I can think of two options. Create an attached property IsNotReadOnly to FrameworkElement(?) and bind to that property If I change my ViewModel then I could add a property CanEdit and another CannotEdit which I would be kind of embarrassed of because I believe it adds an irrelevant property to a class, which I don't think is a good practice. The main reason for the question is that in my project the above isn't just for one control, so trying to keep my project as DRY as possible and readable I am throwing this out to anyone feeling my pain and has come up with a solution :)

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• Programmatically filtering contacts in Outlook 2010 Add-In

  - by Leon Havin

  I am trying to programmatically filter Outlook contacts in the Contacts folder in Outlook 2010. I followed DASL filter rules, but it seems working for Find function and throws exception when I assign this filter to view.Filter = FilterString. Any ideas what I am doing wrong? The correct result would display filtered contacts in the existing contacts view. Outlook.Application myApp = ThisAddIn.myApp; Outlook.NameSpace myNamespace = ThisAddIn.nSpace; Outlook.MAPIFolder myContactsFolder = ThisAddIn.contactsFolder; if (myContactsFolder == null) { Log.Verbose("Contacts folder not found"); return null; } Outlook.Items contactItems = ThisAddIn.contactItems; //use filter to take only contact and not DistListItem Outlook.Items outlookContacts = contactItems.Restrict("[MessageClass] = 'IPM.Contact'"); Outlook.ContactItem contact = null; int iOutlookContacts = contactItems.Count; if (iOutlookContacts > 0) { string FilterString = "[FullName]='" + param + "'"; // Find works with this filter contact = (Outlook.ContactItem)outlookContacts.Find(FilterString); if (contact != null) { // need to display in contacts search window Outlook.View currentView = myApp.ActiveExplorer().CurrentView; currentView.Filter = FilterString; // cannot parse exception occurs here currentView.Save(); currentView.Apply(); } }

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• Chrome renders button links completely screwed up when placed inside a paragraph

  - by Ferdy

  I am fairly proficient in CSS but now I am running into a very strange rendering issue in Google Chrome 9. I am trying to create some fancy looking link buttons (basically heavily styled anchors). Here is some example markup: <a href="" class="button"> <figure class="sprite icon icon_back"></figure> Link button with icon</a> This markup may look a litte strange to you, there's a few things you should know: I am using HTML5's figure class to include an icon as part of the button. I have the proper reset CSS applied and Chrome can render this tag for sure. Instead of actually pointing to an image I am applying CSS classes to the figure element. Within the CSS I am using the spriting technique to show the correct portion of a single large sprite image. All of this is working fine in Firefox, and actually also in Chrome. The correct rendering can be seen in the following image: It renders like that in both Firefox and Chrome. Here comes the problem, if I place such a button within paragraph tags <p></p> this is what happens in Chrome only: Notice how the button is ripped apart? Only in Chrome and only when placed inside a paragraph. It gets even stranger: this only happens for the first button inside the paragraph, if I would place three buttons inside a paragraph, only the 1st one is screwed up. Your first question would probably be about the CSS. It is rather verbose so hereby a temporary link to the page in question: Edit: link to live page removed, was only temporary for problem inspection.

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• cURL cookie negative cookie expire

  - by Joe Doe

  I have problems with cookies with cURL. After problems I turned on verbose function and figured out cURL sets them negative expire date even if server sends positive date. Example: * Added cookie _c_sess=""test"" for domain test.com, path /, expire -1630024962 < Set-Cookie: _c_sess="test"; Domain=test.com; HttpOnly; expires=Mon, 26-Mar-2012 14:52:47 GMT; Max-Age=1332773567; Path=/ As you can see both expires and max-age are positive, but cURL sets expire to negative value. Somebody has idea? EDIT: Here is php code I use. $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://site.com/"); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $cookiepath); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $cookiepath); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER ,1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE ,1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_STDERR ,$f); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER ,1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION ,1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0); $data = curl_exec($ch); Data from cookie jar: #HttpOnly_.test.com TRUE / FALSE -1630016318 _test_sess "test"

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• What programming language do you wish would quietly retire? [closed]

  - by Gregory Higley

  This is the inverse of the "What programming language do you wish would catch on?" question. I was a Delphi programmer for many years, and I still appreciate its power, but I dislike verbose programming languages. So I would love to see Pascal put out to pasture. The same goes for BASIC in any form, despite the fact that it's the language I cut my teeth on. When I look at cathedrals of beauty like Haskell and REBOL, BASIC just makes me cringe. (VB.NET is tolerable, but barely. It has a few nice language features I'd like to see moved to C#.) My dislike of Pascal and VB.NET is subjective. They are powerful languages, but I dislike their syntax esthetically. Try to explain your reasoning, if you can, even if it's just "I don't like its syntax." This question is not meant to be a flame war, argumentative, or hateful. It's meant to be a straightforward, honest discussion of programmers' dislikes.

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• Freetype2 (error-)return value documentation

  - by Awaki

  In short, I'm looking for documentation that would limit the error situations to check for after a Freetype library function failed, much like the OpenGL and Win32 APIs document the error codes generated by their respective functions. I can't seem to find such documentation though, so I was wondering how to best handle translation of Freetype errors to typed exceptions. Background: I am currently in the process of implementing font-rendering capability (using Freetype) for my GUI framework, which makes strong use of typed exceptions to indicate error situations. However, the Freetype docs seem to completely omit what errors can be expected from what functions. That, if such documentation does indeed not exist, would basically leave me with two options: either guessing which errors make sense for a certain Freetype function (obviously prone to mistakes on my part), or considering every error code for translation into appropriate exceptions (less verbose since I would have to write the translation only once). Performance isn't really critical in the code that calls the Freetype library, so even the latter option would probably be acceptable, but surely there must be some kind of documentation on which library calls may return what Freetype error? Is there any such documentation which I just somehow managed to not find? Should I go the route of generically expecting every error code for translation? Or are there other ways to approach this problem? By the way, I wanted to avoid introducing some kind of generic FreetypeException (containing a description of the Freetype error) since I intended to completely hide what libraries I'm using (not from a legal point-of-view, mind you), but I guess I can be convinced to do this anyway if the consensus is that it would be the best option. I don't think it matters for this question, but I'm writing in C++.

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• How to pass data to a C++0x lambda function that will run in a different thread?

  - by Dimitri C.

  In our company we've written a library function to call a function asynchronously in a separate thread. It works using a combination of inheritance and template magic. The client code looks as follows: DemoThread thread; std::string stringToPassByValue = "The string to pass by value"; AsyncCall(thread, &DemoThread::SomeFunction, stringToPassByValue); Since the introduction of lambda functions I'd like to use it in combination with lambda functions. I'd like to write the following client code: DemoThread thread; std::string stringToPassByValue = "The string to pass by value"; AsyncCall(thread, [=]() { const std::string someCopy = stringToPassByValue; }); Now, with the Visual C++ 2010 this code doesn't work. What happens is that the stringToPassByValue is not copied. Instead the "capture by value" feature passes the data by reference. The result is that if the function is executed after stringToPassByValue has gone out of scope, the application crashes as its destructor is called already. So I wonder: is it possible to pass data to a lambda function as a copy? Note: One possible solution would be to modify our framework to pass the data in the lambda parameter declaration list, as follows: DemoThread thread; std::string stringToPassByValue = "The string to pass by value"; AsyncCall(thread, [=](const std::string stringPassedByValue) { const std::string someCopy = stringPassedByValue; } , stringToPassByValue); However, this solution is so verbose that our original function pointer solution is both shorter and easier to read. Update: The full implementation of AsyncCall is too big to post here. In short, what happens is that the AsyncCall template function instantiates a template class holding the lambda function. This class is derived from a base class that contains a virtual Execute() function, and upon an AsyncCall() call, the function call class is put on a call queue. A different thread then executes the queued calls by calling the virtual Execute() function, which is polymorphically dispatched to the template class which then executes the lambda function.

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• Preserving timestamps on Clojure .clj files when building shaded jar via Maven Shade Plugin

  - by Dereference

  When using the maven-shade-plugin to package our jar artifact that contained a few Clojure libs and some Java. We were using AOT compilation for our Clojure code. When we loaded the jar, it was having very slow load times. AOT compilation is supposed to help this quite a bit, but that wasn't what we were seeing. We noticed in java jar -verbose output that there was a lot of JVM__DEFINE_CLASS calls happening when Clojure classes were being loaded. This didn't make sense, since more of our Clojure code was AOT compiled to .class files. Turns out the maven-shade-plugin creates all new files, with new timestamps in the final artifact Clojure uses the timestamp information on a .clj file vs. a .class file, to determine if the file needs to be recompiled. The maven-shade-plugin was causing the .clj file and it's associated .class file to have the same timestamp, so Clojure always chose to dynamically recompile the source. The only workaround that we have been able to figure out, at this point, is to write a script that would re-open the shaded jar and bump the .clj file timestamps back to some time in the past, so that they wouldn't be equal to the timestamps of their associated .class files. Does anyone know of a better approach?

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• shell script stopped working --- need to rewrite?

  - by OopsForgotMyOtherUserName

  The script below worked on my Mac OS X. I'm now using Ubuntu OS, and the script is no longer working. I'm wondering if there's something that I need to change here? I did change the first line from #!/bin/bash to #!/bin/sh, but it's still throwing up an error.... Essentially, I get an error when I try to run it: Syntax error: end of file unexpected (expecting ")") #!/bin/sh REMOTE='ftp.example.com' USER='USERNAME' PASSWORD='PASSWORD' CMDFILE='/jtmp/rc.ftp' FTPLOG='/jtmp/ftplog' PATTERN='SampFile*' date > $FTPLOG rm $CMDFILE 2>/dev/null LISTING=$(ftp -in $REMOTE <<EOF user $USER $PASSWORD cd download ls $PATTERN quit EOF ) echo "open $REMOTE" >> $CMDFILE echo "user $USER $PASSWORD" >> $CMDFILE echo "verbose" >> $CMDFILE echo "bin" >> $CMDFILE echo "cd download" >> $CMDFILE for FILE in $LISTING do echo "get $FILE" >> $CMDFILE done echo "quit" >> $CMDFILE ftp -in < $CMDFILE >> $FTPLOG 2>&1 rm $CMDFILE

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• Python + Expat: Error on &#0; entities

  - by clacke

  I have written a small function, which uses ElementTree and xpath to extract the text contents of certain elements in an xml file: #!/usr/bin/env python2.5 import doctest from xml.etree import ElementTree from StringIO import StringIO def parse_xml_etree(sin, xpath): """ Takes as input a stream containing XML and an XPath expression. Applies the XPath expression to the XML and returns a generator yielding the text contents of each element returned. >>> parse_xml_etree( ... StringIO('<test><elem1>one</elem1><elem2>two</elem2></test>'), ... '//elem1').next() 'one' >>> parse_xml_etree( ... StringIO('<test><elem1>one</elem1><elem2>two</elem2></test>'), ... '//elem2').next() 'two' >>> parse_xml_etree( ... StringIO('<test><null>&#0;</null><elem3>three</elem3></test>'), ... '//elem2').next() 'three' """ tree = ElementTree.parse(sin) for element in tree.findall(xpath): yield element.text if __name__ == '__main__': doctest.testmod(verbose=True) The third test fails with the following exception: ExpatError: reference to invalid character number: line 1, column 13 Is the � entity illegal XML? Regardless whether it is or not, the files I want to parse contain it, and I need some way to parse them. Any suggestions for another parser than Expat, or settings for Expat, that would allow me to do that?

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• What is a modern C++ approach to structures containing symbolic constants?

  - by Ken

  enum bool { FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1 }; I'm wondering how to translate this in a modern C++ approach and if there is a well suited container for that; i know that the enum are not really that appreciated, but i can't think about a real alternative in the C++ world. What if would like to associate the execution of a particular method with a state? Ok, this is the part where i will be more verbose. I would like to stress the fact that i'm asking about structures symbolic constants and not about TRUE and FALSE, i'm not that "needy". Suppose that i have a structure that can represent several states with their own constants enum semaphore { GREEN = 0, ORANGE = 1, RED = 2 }; this is C code, now my question is about how to do the same in C++ if there is a better way. My question continue when i ask about the possibility to do something like an automatic triggering when a change of state will occur, for example: int main{ ... semaphore = 1; ... } and without any extra statements this has to trigger a method() just because the semaphore is now orange. I hope that is more clear now.

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• What's a good way to write batch scripts in C#?

  - by Scott Bilas

  I would like to write simple scripts in C#. Stuff I would normally use .bat or 4NT .btm files for. Copying files, parsing text, asking user input, and so on. Fairly simple but doing this stuff right in a batch file is really hard (no exceptions for example). I'm familiar with command line "scripting" wrappers like AxScript so that gets me part of the way there. What I'm missing is the easy file-manipulation framework. I want to be able to do cd(".."), copy(srcFile, destFile) type functionality. Tools I have tried: NANT, which we use in our build process. Not a good scripting tool. Insanely verbose XML syntax and to add a simple function you must write an extension assembly. Can't do it inline. PowerShell. Looks great, but I just haven't been able to switch over to this as my primary shell. Too many differences from 4NT. Whatever I do needs to run from an ordinary command prompt and not require a special shell to run it through. Can PowerShell be used as a script executor? Perl/Python/Ruby. Really hate learning an entirely new language and framework just to do batch file operations. Haven't been able to dedicate the time I need to do this. Plus, we're a 99% .NET shop for our toolchain and I really want to leverage our existing experience and codebase. Are there frameworks out there that are trying to solve this problem of "make a batch file in C#" that you have used? I want the power of C#/.NET with the immediate-mode type functionality of a typical cmd.exe shell language. Am I alone in wanting something like this?

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• Scheme Function to reverse elements of list of 2-list

  - by sudhirc

  This is an exercise from EOPL. Procedure (invert lst) takes lst which is a list of 2-lists and returns a list with each 2-list reversed. (define invert (lambda (lst) (cond((null? lst ) '()) ((= 2 (rtn-len (car lst))) ( cons(swap-elem (car lst)) (invert (cdr lst)))) ("List is not a 2-List")))) ;; Auxiliry Procedure swap-elements of 2 element list (define swap-elem (lambda (lst) (cons (car (cdr lst)) (car lst)))) ;; returns lengh of the list by calling (define rtn-len (lambda (lst) (calc-len lst 0))) ;; calculate length of the list (define calc-len (lambda (lst n) (if (null? lst) n (calc-len (cdr lst) (+ n 1))))) This seems to work however looks very verbose. Can this be shortened or written in more elegant way ? How I can halt the processing in any of the individual element is not a 2-list? At the moment execution proceed to next member and replacing current member with "List is not a 2-List" if current member is not a 2-list.

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• What's the best way to get a bunch of rows from MySQL if you have an array of integer primary keys?

  - by Evan P.

  I have a MySQL table with an auto-incremented integer primary key. I want to get a bunch of rows from the table based on an array of integers I have in memory in my program. The array ranges from a handful to about 1000 items. What's the most efficient query syntax to get the rows? I can think of a few: "SELECT * FROM thetable WHERE id IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)" (this is what I do now) "SELECT * FROM thetable where id = 1 OR id = 2 OR id = 3" Multiple queries of the form "SELECT * FROM thetable WHERE id = 1". Probably the most friendly to the query cache, but expensive due to having lots of query parsing. A union, like "SELECT * FROM thetable WHERE id = 1 UNION SELECT * FROM thetable WHERE id = 2 ..." I'm not sure if MySQL caches the results of each query; it's also the most verbose format. I think using the NoSQL interface in MySQL 5.6+ would be the most efficient way to do this, but I'm not yet up to MySQL 5.6.

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• C++ STL question related to insert iterators and overloaded operators

  - by rshepherd

  #include <list> #include <set> #include <iterator> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; class MyContainer { public: string value; MyContainer& operator=(const string& s) { this->value = s; return *this; } }; int main() { list<string> strings; strings.push_back("0"); strings.push_back("1"); strings.push_back("2"); set<MyContainer> containers; copy(strings.begin(), strings.end(), inserter(containers, containers.end())); } The preceeding code does not compile. In standard C++ fashion the error output is verbose and difficult to understand. The key part seems to be this... /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_algobase.h:313: error: no match for ‘operator=’ in ‘__result.std::insert_iterator::operator* [with _Container = std::set, std::allocator ]() = __first.std::_List_iterator::operator* [with _Tp = std::basic_string, std::allocator ]()’ ...which I interpet to mean that the assignment operator needed is not defined. I took a look at the source code for insert_iterator and noted that it has overloaded the assignment operator. The copy algorithm must uses the insert iterators overloaded assignment operator to do its work(?). I guess that because my input iterator is on a container of strings and my output iterator is on a container of MyContainers that the overloaded insert_iterator assignment operator can no longer work. This is my best guess, but I am probably wrong. So, why exactly does this not work and how can I accomplish what I am trying to do?

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