partial match - Page 275

How do i use Form.ShowDialog?

- by Daniel Lip

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ChangeLink cl = new ChangeLink(); // Show testDialog as a modal dialog and determine if DialogResult = OK. if (cl.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { // Read the contents of testDialog's TextBox. // cl.AcceptButton.DialogResult = DialogResult.OK; this.label4.Text = cl.textBox1Text; } else { this.label4.Text = "Cancelled"; } cl.Dispose(); } When i click the button i see the new Form and the textBox1 in the new Form and i can type in the textBox1 something but i dont see anywhere an OK or CANCEL buttons. Should i add them manualy in the new Form designer ? And how to use them then ? This is the code in my new Form what i wanted to do is to type something in the new Form textBox1 and pass the text in the textBox1 to Form1 label4. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace GatherLinks { public partial class ChangeLink : Form { public ChangeLink() { InitializeComponent(); } public string textBox1Text { get { return textBox1Text = textBox1.Text; } set { } } } } So where are the OK and CANCEL buttons of the Form.ShowDialog ?

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Error while setting UserAcces permission for WebForms?

- by ksg

I've created a class named BaseClass.cs and I've written a function in its constructor. Here's how it looks public class BasePage:Page { public BasePage() { setUserPermission(); } private void setUserPermission() { String strPathAndQuery = HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.PathAndQuery; string strulr = strPathAndQuery.Replace("/SGERP/", "../"); Session["Url"] = strulr; GEN_FORMS clsForm = new GEN_FORMS(); clsForm.Form_Logical_Name = Session["Url"].ToString(); clsForm.User_ID = Convert.ToInt32(Session["User_ID"]); DataSet dsPermission = clsForm.RETREIVE_BUTTON_PERMISSIONS(); if (dsPermission.Tables.Count > 0) { if (dsPermission.Tables[1].Rows.Count > 0) { Can_Add = Convert.ToBoolean(dsPermission.Tables[1].Rows[0]["Can_Add"].ToString()); Can_Delete = Convert.ToBoolean(dsPermission.Tables[1].Rows[0]["Can_Delete"].ToString()); Can_Edit = Convert.ToBoolean(dsPermission.Tables[1].Rows[0]["Can_Edit"].ToString()); Can_Print = Convert.ToBoolean(dsPermission.Tables[1].Rows[0]["Can_Print"].ToString()); Can_View = Convert.ToBoolean(dsPermission.Tables[1].Rows[0]["Can_Print"].ToString()); } } } } I've inherited this class on my webform so that when the page loads, the setUserPermission function is executed. My webpage looks like this public partial class Setting_CompanyDetails : BasePage My problem is that I cannot access Session["Url"] in my BasePage. I'm getting the following error Session state can only be used when enableSessionState is set to true, either in a configuration file or in the Page directive. Please also make sure that System.Web.SessionStateModule or a custom session state module is included in the <configuration>\<system.web>\<httpModules> section in the application configuration. How can I solve this issue? Is this the right way to set UserPermission access?

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moving image to bounce or rotate in a circle

- by BlueMonster

I found this small application that i've been playing around with for the past little while. I was wondering, if i wanted to simply rotate the image in a circle? or make the entire image just bounce up and down, how would i modify this program to do so? Everything i've tried will just stretch the image - even if i do get it to move to the left or to the right. Any ideas on what i can do? Code is below public partial class Form1 : Form { private int width = 15; private int height = 15; Image pic = Image.FromFile("402.png"); private Button abort = new Button(); Thread t; public Form1() { abort.Text = "Abort"; abort.Location = new Point(190, 230); abort.Click += new EventHandler(Abort_Click); Controls.Add(abort); SetStyle(ControlStyles.DoubleBuffer| ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint| ControlStyles.UserPaint, true); t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Run)); t.Start(); } protected void Abort_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { t.Abort(); } protected override void OnPaint( PaintEventArgs e ) { Graphics g = e.Graphics; g.DrawImage(pic, 10, 10, width, height); base.OnPaint(e); } public void Run() { while (true) { for(int i = 0; i < 200; i++) { width += 5; Invalidate(); Thread.Sleep(30); } } } }

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Cannot understand the behaviour of C# compiler while instantiating a class thru interface

- by Newbie

I have a class that implements an interface. The interface is public interface IRiskFactory { void StartService(); void StopService(); } The class that implements the interface is public class RiskFactoryService : IRiskFactory { } Now I have a console application and one window service. From the console application if I write the following code static void Main(string[] args) { IRiskFactory objIRiskFactory = new RiskFactoryService(); objIRiskFactory.StartService(); Console.ReadLine(); objIRiskFactory.StopService(); } It is working fine. However, when I mwrite the same piece of code in Window service public partial class RiskFactoryService : ServiceBase { IRiskFactory objIRiskFactory = null; public RiskFactoryService() { InitializeComponent(); objIRiskFactory = new RiskFactoryService(); <- ERROR } /// <summary> /// Starts the service /// </summary> /// <param name="args"></param> protected override void OnStart(string[] args) { objIRiskFactory.StartService(); } /// <summary> /// Stops the service /// </summary> protected override void OnStop() { objIRiskFactory.StopService(); } } It throws error: Cannot implicitly convert type 'RiskFactoryService' to 'IRiskFactory'. An explicit conversion exists (are you missing a cast?) When I type cast to the interface type, it started working objIRiskFactory = (IRiskFactory)new RiskFactoryService(); My question is why so?

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Creating nested fields for column on assignment table?

- by H O

I have three models, that represent a many to many relationship - Product, Sale and Product_sale. I have a nested form that allows me to create new products from the sale form - so far, so good. I have, however, added some additional fields to the assignment table - price, for example. How can I set the price on the assignment table from the product form, when it is nested in the sale form? I currently have the code below: <%= sale.fields_for :products do |products_builder| %> <%= render :partial => "products/form", :locals => {:f => products_builder, :form_actions_visible => false} %> <% end -%> I could nest a Product_sale form within the product form, but this would create a new product_sale, which is not what I am looking for. I will most likely need to nest the price field within the product form, to ensure that it updates the correct assignment record (since there could be multiple products on one sale form). How can I use a fields_for loop on the product form to update the existing assignment record that is built when I do @sale.products.build? The assignment record will not yet be saved, so I can not access it using a where clause and edit it that way. Thanks!

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C# WPF Unable to control Textboxes

- by Bo0m3r

I'm a beginner in coding into C#. While I'm launching a process I can't controls my textboxes. I found some answers on this forum but the explaination is a bit to difficult for me to implement it for my problem. I created a small program that will run a batch file to make a backup. While the backup is running I can't modify my textboxes, disabling buttons etc... I already saw that this is normal but I don't know how to implement the solutions. My last attempt was with Dispatcher.invoke as you can see below. public partial class MainWindow : Window { public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); tb_Status.Text = "Ready"; } public void status() { Dispatcher.Invoke(DispatcherPriority.Send, new Action( () => { tb_Status.Text = "The backup is running!"; } ) ); } public void process() { try { Process p = new Process(); p.StartInfo.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Minimized; p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true; p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false; p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true; p.StartInfo.FileName = "Robocopy.bat"; p.Start(); string output = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd(); p.WaitForExit(); tb_Output.Text = File.ReadAllText("Backup\\log.txt"); } catch (Exception ex) { tb_Status.Text = ex.Message.ToString(); } } private void Bt_Start_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { status(); Directory.CreateDirectory("Backup"); process(); tb_Status.Text = "The backup finished"; File.Delete("Backup\\log.txt"); } } } Any help is appreciated!

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Introduction to the ASP.NET Web API

- by Stephen.Walther

I am a huge fan of Ajax. If you want to create a great experience for the users of your website – regardless of whether you are building an ASP.NET MVC or an ASP.NET Web Forms site — then you need to use Ajax. Otherwise, you are just being cruel to your customers. We use Ajax extensively in several of the ASP.NET applications that my company, Superexpert.com, builds. We expose data from the server as JSON and use jQuery to retrieve and update that data from the browser. One challenge, when building an ASP.NET website, is deciding on which technology to use to expose JSON data from the server. For example, how do you expose a list of products from the server as JSON so you can retrieve the list of products with jQuery? You have a number of options (too many options) including ASMX Web services, WCF Web Services, ASHX Generic Handlers, WCF Data Services, and MVC controller actions. Fortunately, the world has just been simplified. With the release of ASP.NET 4 Beta, Microsoft has introduced a new technology for exposing JSON from the server named the ASP.NET Web API. You can use the ASP.NET Web API with both ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Web Forms applications. The goal of this blog post is to provide you with a brief overview of the features of the new ASP.NET Web API. You learn how to use the ASP.NET Web API to retrieve, insert, update, and delete database records with jQuery. We also discuss how you can perform form validation when using the Web API and use OData when using the Web API. Creating an ASP.NET Web API Controller The ASP.NET Web API exposes JSON data through a new type of controller called an API controller. You can add an API controller to an existing ASP.NET MVC 4 project through the standard Add Controller dialog box. Right-click your Controllers folder and select Add, Controller. In the dialog box, name your controller MovieController and select the Empty API controller template: A brand new API controller looks like this: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Controllers { public class MovieController : ApiController { } } An API controller, unlike a standard MVC controller, derives from the base ApiController class instead of the base Controller class. Using jQuery to Retrieve, Insert, Update, and Delete Data Let’s create an Ajaxified Movie Database application. We’ll retrieve, insert, update, and delete movies using jQuery with the MovieController which we just created. Our Movie model class looks like this: namespace MyWebAPIApp.Models { public class Movie { public int Id { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Director { get; set; } } } Our application will consist of a single HTML page named Movies.html. We’ll place all of our jQuery code in the Movies.html page. Getting a Single Record with the ASP.NET Web API To support retrieving a single movie from the server, we need to add a Get method to our API controller: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http; using MyWebAPIApp.Models; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Controllers { public class MovieController : ApiController { public Movie GetMovie(int id) { // Return movie by id if (id == 1) { return new Movie { Id = 1, Title = "Star Wars", Director = "Lucas" }; } // Otherwise, movie was not found throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound); } } } In the code above, the GetMovie() method accepts the Id of a movie. If the Id has the value 1 then the method returns the movie Star Wars. Otherwise, the method throws an exception and returns 404 Not Found HTTP status code. After building your project, you can invoke the MovieController.GetMovie() method by entering the following URL in your web browser address bar: http://localhost:[port]/api/movie/1 (You’ll need to enter the correct randomly generated port). In the URL api/movie/1, the first “api” segment indicates that this is a Web API route. The “movie” segment indicates that the MovieController should be invoked. You do not specify the name of the action. Instead, the HTTP method used to make the request – GET, POST, PUT, DELETE — is used to identify the action to invoke. The ASP.NET Web API uses different routing conventions than normal ASP.NET MVC controllers. When you make an HTTP GET request then any API controller method with a name that starts with “GET” is invoked. So, we could have called our API controller action GetPopcorn() instead of GetMovie() and it would still be invoked by the URL api/movie/1. The default route for the Web API is defined in the Global.asax file and it looks like this: routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); We can invoke our GetMovie() controller action with the jQuery code in the following HTML page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Get Movie</title> </head> <body> <div> Title: <span id="title"></span> </div> <div> Director: <span id="director"></span> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> getMovie(1, function (movie) { $("#title").html(movie.Title); $("#director").html(movie.Director); }); function getMovie(id, callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: { id: id }, type: "GET", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 200: function (movie) { callback(movie); }, 404: function () { alert("Not Found!"); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> In the code above, the jQuery $.ajax() method is used to invoke the GetMovie() method. Notice that the Ajax call handles two HTTP response codes. When the GetMove() method successfully returns a movie, the method returns a 200 status code. In that case, the details of the movie are displayed in the HTML page. Otherwise, if the movie is not found, the GetMovie() method returns a 404 status code. In that case, the page simply displays an alert box indicating that the movie was not found (hopefully, you would implement something more graceful in an actual application). You can use your browser’s Developer Tools to see what is going on in the background when you open the HTML page (hit F12 in the most recent version of most browsers). For example, you can use the Network tab in Google Chrome to see the Ajax request which invokes the GetMovie() method: Getting a Set of Records with the ASP.NET Web API Let’s modify our Movie API controller so that it returns a collection of movies. The following Movie controller has a new ListMovies() method which returns a (hard-coded) collection of movies: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http; using MyWebAPIApp.Models; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Controllers { public class MovieController : ApiController { public IEnumerable<Movie> ListMovies() { return new List<Movie> { new Movie {Id=1, Title="Star Wars", Director="Lucas"}, new Movie {Id=1, Title="King Kong", Director="Jackson"}, new Movie {Id=1, Title="Memento", Director="Nolan"} }; } } } Because we named our action ListMovies(), the default Web API route will never match it. Therefore, we need to add the following custom route to our Global.asax file (at the top of the RegisterRoutes() method): routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "ActionApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); This route enables us to invoke the ListMovies() method with the URL /api/movie/listmovies. Now that we have exposed our collection of movies from the server, we can retrieve and display the list of movies using jQuery in our HTML page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>List Movies</title> </head> <body> <div id="movies"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> listMovies(function (movies) { var strMovies=""; $.each(movies, function (index, movie) { strMovies += "<div>" + movie.Title + "</div>"; }); $("#movies").html(strMovies); }); function listMovies(callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie/ListMovies", data: {}, type: "GET", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", }).then(function(movies){ callback(movies); }); } </script> </body> </html> Inserting a Record with the ASP.NET Web API Now let’s modify our Movie API controller so it supports creating new records: public HttpResponseMessage<Movie> PostMovie(Movie movieToCreate) { // Add movieToCreate to the database and update primary key movieToCreate.Id = 23; // Build a response that contains the location of the new movie var response = new HttpResponseMessage<Movie>(movieToCreate, HttpStatusCode.Created); var relativePath = "/api/movie/" + movieToCreate.Id; response.Headers.Location = new Uri(Request.RequestUri, relativePath); return response; } The PostMovie() method in the code above accepts a movieToCreate parameter. We don’t actually store the new movie anywhere. In real life, you will want to call a service method to store the new movie in a database. When you create a new resource, such as a new movie, you should return the location of the new resource. In the code above, the URL where the new movie can be retrieved is assigned to the Location header returned in the PostMovie() response. Because the name of our method starts with “Post”, we don’t need to create a custom route. The PostMovie() method can be invoked with the URL /Movie/PostMovie – just as long as the method is invoked within the context of a HTTP POST request. The following HTML page invokes the PostMovie() method. <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Create Movie</title> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var movieToCreate = { title: "The Hobbit", director: "Jackson" }; createMovie(movieToCreate, function (newMovie) { alert("New movie created with an Id of " + newMovie.Id); }); function createMovie(movieToCreate, callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify( movieToCreate ), type: "POST", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 201: function (newMovie) { callback(newMovie); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> This page creates a new movie (the Hobbit) by calling the createMovie() method. The page simply displays the Id of the new movie: The HTTP Post operation is performed with the following call to the jQuery $.ajax() method: $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify( movieToCreate ), type: "POST", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 201: function (newMovie) { callback(newMovie); } } }); Notice that the type of Ajax request is a POST request. This is required to match the PostMovie() method. Notice, furthermore, that the new movie is converted into JSON using JSON.stringify(). The JSON.stringify() method takes a JavaScript object and converts it into a JSON string. Finally, notice that success is represented with a 201 status code. The HttpStatusCode.Created value returned from the PostMovie() method returns a 201 status code. Updating a Record with the ASP.NET Web API Here’s how we can modify the Movie API controller to support updating an existing record. In this case, we need to create a PUT method to handle an HTTP PUT request: public void PutMovie(Movie movieToUpdate) { if (movieToUpdate.Id == 1) { // Update the movie in the database return; } // If you can't find the movie to update throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound); } Unlike our PostMovie() method, the PutMovie() method does not return a result. The action either updates the database or, if the movie cannot be found, returns an HTTP Status code of 404. The following HTML page illustrates how you can invoke the PutMovie() method: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Put Movie</title> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var movieToUpdate = { id: 1, title: "The Hobbit", director: "Jackson" }; updateMovie(movieToUpdate, function () { alert("Movie updated!"); }); function updateMovie(movieToUpdate, callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify(movieToUpdate), type: "PUT", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 200: function () { callback(); }, 404: function () { alert("Movie not found!"); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> Deleting a Record with the ASP.NET Web API Here’s the code for deleting a movie: public HttpResponseMessage DeleteMovie(int id) { // Delete the movie from the database // Return status code return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NoContent); } This method simply deletes the movie (well, not really, but pretend that it does) and returns a No Content status code (204). The following page illustrates how you can invoke the DeleteMovie() action: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Delete Movie</title> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> deleteMovie(1, function () { alert("Movie deleted!"); }); function deleteMovie(id, callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify({id:id}), type: "DELETE", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 204: function () { callback(); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> Performing Validation How do you perform form validation when using the ASP.NET Web API? Because validation in ASP.NET MVC is driven by the Default Model Binder, and because the Web API uses the Default Model Binder, you get validation for free. Let’s modify our Movie class so it includes some of the standard validation attributes: using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Models { public class Movie { public int Id { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage="Title is required!")] [StringLength(5, ErrorMessage="Title cannot be more than 5 characters!")] public string Title { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage="Director is required!")] public string Director { get; set; } } } In the code above, the Required validation attribute is used to make both the Title and Director properties required. The StringLength attribute is used to require the length of the movie title to be no more than 5 characters. Now let’s modify our PostMovie() action to validate a movie before adding the movie to the database: public HttpResponseMessage PostMovie(Movie movieToCreate) { // Validate movie if (!ModelState.IsValid) { var errors = new JsonArray(); foreach (var prop in ModelState.Values) { if (prop.Errors.Any()) { errors.Add(prop.Errors.First().ErrorMessage); } } return new HttpResponseMessage<JsonValue>(errors, HttpStatusCode.BadRequest); } // Add movieToCreate to the database and update primary key movieToCreate.Id = 23; // Build a response that contains the location of the new movie var response = new HttpResponseMessage<Movie>(movieToCreate, HttpStatusCode.Created); var relativePath = "/api/movie/" + movieToCreate.Id; response.Headers.Location = new Uri(Request.RequestUri, relativePath); return response; } If ModelState.IsValid has the value false then the errors in model state are copied to a new JSON array. Each property – such as the Title and Director property — can have multiple errors. In the code above, only the first error message is copied over. The JSON array is returned with a Bad Request status code (400 status code). The following HTML page illustrates how you can invoke our modified PostMovie() action and display any error messages: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Create Movie</title> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var movieToCreate = { title: "The Hobbit", director: "" }; createMovie(movieToCreate, function (newMovie) { alert("New movie created with an Id of " + newMovie.Id); }, function (errors) { var strErrors = ""; $.each(errors, function(index, err) { strErrors += "*" + err + "\n"; }); alert(strErrors); } ); function createMovie(movieToCreate, success, fail) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify(movieToCreate), type: "POST", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 201: function (newMovie) { success(newMovie); }, 400: function (xhr) { var errors = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText); fail(errors); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> The createMovie() function performs an Ajax request and handles either a 201 or a 400 status code from the response. If a 201 status code is returned then there were no validation errors and the new movie was created. If, on the other hand, a 400 status code is returned then there was a validation error. The validation errors are retrieved from the XmlHttpRequest responseText property. The error messages are displayed in an alert: (Please don’t use JavaScript alert dialogs to display validation errors, I just did it this way out of pure laziness) This validation code in our PostMovie() method is pretty generic. There is nothing specific about this code to the PostMovie() method. In the following video, Jon Galloway demonstrates how to create a global Validation filter which can be used with any API controller action: http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/web-api-routing-and-actions/video-custom-validation His validation filter looks like this: using System.Json; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Filters; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Filters { public class ValidationActionFilter:ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext) { var modelState = actionContext.ModelState; if (!modelState.IsValid) { dynamic errors = new JsonObject(); foreach (var key in modelState.Keys) { var state = modelState[key]; if (state.Errors.Any()) { errors[key] = state.Errors.First().ErrorMessage; } } actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage<JsonValue>(errors, HttpStatusCode.BadRequest); } } } } And you can register the validation filter in the Application_Start() method in the Global.asax file like this: GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Filters.Add(new ValidationActionFilter()); After you register the Validation filter, validation error messages are returned from any API controller action method automatically when validation fails. You don’t need to add any special logic to any of your API controller actions to take advantage of the filter. Querying using OData The OData protocol is an open protocol created by Microsoft which enables you to perform queries over the web. The official website for OData is located here: http://odata.org For example, here are some of the query options which you can use with OData: · $orderby – Enables you to retrieve results in a certain order. · $top – Enables you to retrieve a certain number of results. · $skip – Enables you to skip over a certain number of results (use with $top for paging). · $filter – Enables you to filter the results returned. The ASP.NET Web API supports a subset of the OData protocol. You can use all of the query options listed above when interacting with an API controller. The only requirement is that the API controller action returns its data as IQueryable. For example, the following Movie controller has an action named GetMovies() which returns an IQueryable of movies: public IQueryable<Movie> GetMovies() { return new List<Movie> { new Movie {Id=1, Title="Star Wars", Director="Lucas"}, new Movie {Id=2, Title="King Kong", Director="Jackson"}, new Movie {Id=3, Title="Willow", Director="Lucas"}, new Movie {Id=4, Title="Shrek", Director="Smith"}, new Movie {Id=5, Title="Memento", Director="Nolan"} }.AsQueryable(); } If you enter the following URL in your browser: /api/movie?$top=2&$orderby=Title Then you will limit the movies returned to the top 2 in order of the movie Title. You will get the following results: By using the $top option in combination with the $skip option, you can enable client-side paging. For example, you can use $top and $skip to page through thousands of products, 10 products at a time. The $filter query option is very powerful. You can use this option to filter the results from a query. Here are some examples: Return every movie directed by Lucas: /api/movie?$filter=Director eq ‘Lucas’ Return every movie which has a title which starts with ‘S’: /api/movie?$filter=startswith(Title,’S') Return every movie which has an Id greater than 2: /api/movie?$filter=Id gt 2 The complete documentation for the $filter option is located here: http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/uri-conventions#FilterSystemQueryOption Summary The goal of this blog entry was to provide you with an overview of the new ASP.NET Web API introduced with the Beta release of ASP.NET 4. In this post, I discussed how you can retrieve, insert, update, and delete data by using jQuery with the Web API. I also discussed how you can use the standard validation attributes with the Web API. You learned how to return validation error messages to the client and display the error messages using jQuery. Finally, we briefly discussed how the ASP.NET Web API supports the OData protocol. For example, you learned how to filter records returned from an API controller action by using the $filter query option. I’m excited about the new Web API. This is a feature which I expect to use with almost every ASP.NET application which I build in the future.

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Introduction to the ASP.NET Web API

- by Stephen.Walther

I am a huge fan of Ajax. If you want to create a great experience for the users of your website – regardless of whether you are building an ASP.NET MVC or an ASP.NET Web Forms site — then you need to use Ajax. Otherwise, you are just being cruel to your customers. We use Ajax extensively in several of the ASP.NET applications that my company, Superexpert.com, builds. We expose data from the server as JSON and use jQuery to retrieve and update that data from the browser. One challenge, when building an ASP.NET website, is deciding on which technology to use to expose JSON data from the server. For example, how do you expose a list of products from the server as JSON so you can retrieve the list of products with jQuery? You have a number of options (too many options) including ASMX Web services, WCF Web Services, ASHX Generic Handlers, WCF Data Services, and MVC controller actions. Fortunately, the world has just been simplified. With the release of ASP.NET 4 Beta, Microsoft has introduced a new technology for exposing JSON from the server named the ASP.NET Web API. You can use the ASP.NET Web API with both ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Web Forms applications. The goal of this blog post is to provide you with a brief overview of the features of the new ASP.NET Web API. You learn how to use the ASP.NET Web API to retrieve, insert, update, and delete database records with jQuery. We also discuss how you can perform form validation when using the Web API and use OData when using the Web API. Creating an ASP.NET Web API Controller The ASP.NET Web API exposes JSON data through a new type of controller called an API controller. You can add an API controller to an existing ASP.NET MVC 4 project through the standard Add Controller dialog box. Right-click your Controllers folder and select Add, Controller. In the dialog box, name your controller MovieController and select the Empty API controller template: A brand new API controller looks like this: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Controllers { public class MovieController : ApiController { } } An API controller, unlike a standard MVC controller, derives from the base ApiController class instead of the base Controller class. Using jQuery to Retrieve, Insert, Update, and Delete Data Let’s create an Ajaxified Movie Database application. We’ll retrieve, insert, update, and delete movies using jQuery with the MovieController which we just created. Our Movie model class looks like this: namespace MyWebAPIApp.Models { public class Movie { public int Id { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Director { get; set; } } } Our application will consist of a single HTML page named Movies.html. We’ll place all of our jQuery code in the Movies.html page. Getting a Single Record with the ASP.NET Web API To support retrieving a single movie from the server, we need to add a Get method to our API controller: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http; using MyWebAPIApp.Models; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Controllers { public class MovieController : ApiController { public Movie GetMovie(int id) { // Return movie by id if (id == 1) { return new Movie { Id = 1, Title = "Star Wars", Director = "Lucas" }; } // Otherwise, movie was not found throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound); } } } In the code above, the GetMovie() method accepts the Id of a movie. If the Id has the value 1 then the method returns the movie Star Wars. Otherwise, the method throws an exception and returns 404 Not Found HTTP status code. After building your project, you can invoke the MovieController.GetMovie() method by entering the following URL in your web browser address bar: http://localhost:[port]/api/movie/1 (You’ll need to enter the correct randomly generated port). In the URL api/movie/1, the first “api” segment indicates that this is a Web API route. The “movie” segment indicates that the MovieController should be invoked. You do not specify the name of the action. Instead, the HTTP method used to make the request – GET, POST, PUT, DELETE — is used to identify the action to invoke. The ASP.NET Web API uses different routing conventions than normal ASP.NET MVC controllers. When you make an HTTP GET request then any API controller method with a name that starts with “GET” is invoked. So, we could have called our API controller action GetPopcorn() instead of GetMovie() and it would still be invoked by the URL api/movie/1. The default route for the Web API is defined in the Global.asax file and it looks like this: routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); We can invoke our GetMovie() controller action with the jQuery code in the following HTML page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Get Movie</title> </head> <body> <div> Title: <span id="title"></span> </div> <div> Director: <span id="director"></span> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> getMovie(1, function (movie) { $("#title").html(movie.Title); $("#director").html(movie.Director); }); function getMovie(id, callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: { id: id }, type: "GET", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 200: function (movie) { callback(movie); }, 404: function () { alert("Not Found!"); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> In the code above, the jQuery $.ajax() method is used to invoke the GetMovie() method. Notice that the Ajax call handles two HTTP response codes. When the GetMove() method successfully returns a movie, the method returns a 200 status code. In that case, the details of the movie are displayed in the HTML page. Otherwise, if the movie is not found, the GetMovie() method returns a 404 status code. In that case, the page simply displays an alert box indicating that the movie was not found (hopefully, you would implement something more graceful in an actual application). You can use your browser’s Developer Tools to see what is going on in the background when you open the HTML page (hit F12 in the most recent version of most browsers). For example, you can use the Network tab in Google Chrome to see the Ajax request which invokes the GetMovie() method: Getting a Set of Records with the ASP.NET Web API Let’s modify our Movie API controller so that it returns a collection of movies. The following Movie controller has a new ListMovies() method which returns a (hard-coded) collection of movies: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http; using MyWebAPIApp.Models; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Controllers { public class MovieController : ApiController { public IEnumerable<Movie> ListMovies() { return new List<Movie> { new Movie {Id=1, Title="Star Wars", Director="Lucas"}, new Movie {Id=1, Title="King Kong", Director="Jackson"}, new Movie {Id=1, Title="Memento", Director="Nolan"} }; } } } Because we named our action ListMovies(), the default Web API route will never match it. Therefore, we need to add the following custom route to our Global.asax file (at the top of the RegisterRoutes() method): routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "ActionApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); This route enables us to invoke the ListMovies() method with the URL /api/movie/listmovies. Now that we have exposed our collection of movies from the server, we can retrieve and display the list of movies using jQuery in our HTML page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>List Movies</title> </head> <body> <div id="movies"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> listMovies(function (movies) { var strMovies=""; $.each(movies, function (index, movie) { strMovies += "<div>" + movie.Title + "</div>"; }); $("#movies").html(strMovies); }); function listMovies(callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie/ListMovies", data: {}, type: "GET", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", }).then(function(movies){ callback(movies); }); } </script> </body> </html> Inserting a Record with the ASP.NET Web API Now let’s modify our Movie API controller so it supports creating new records: public HttpResponseMessage<Movie> PostMovie(Movie movieToCreate) { // Add movieToCreate to the database and update primary key movieToCreate.Id = 23; // Build a response that contains the location of the new movie var response = new HttpResponseMessage<Movie>(movieToCreate, HttpStatusCode.Created); var relativePath = "/api/movie/" + movieToCreate.Id; response.Headers.Location = new Uri(Request.RequestUri, relativePath); return response; } The PostMovie() method in the code above accepts a movieToCreate parameter. We don’t actually store the new movie anywhere. In real life, you will want to call a service method to store the new movie in a database. When you create a new resource, such as a new movie, you should return the location of the new resource. In the code above, the URL where the new movie can be retrieved is assigned to the Location header returned in the PostMovie() response. Because the name of our method starts with “Post”, we don’t need to create a custom route. The PostMovie() method can be invoked with the URL /Movie/PostMovie – just as long as the method is invoked within the context of a HTTP POST request. The following HTML page invokes the PostMovie() method. <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Create Movie</title> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var movieToCreate = { title: "The Hobbit", director: "Jackson" }; createMovie(movieToCreate, function (newMovie) { alert("New movie created with an Id of " + newMovie.Id); }); function createMovie(movieToCreate, callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify( movieToCreate ), type: "POST", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 201: function (newMovie) { callback(newMovie); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> This page creates a new movie (the Hobbit) by calling the createMovie() method. The page simply displays the Id of the new movie: The HTTP Post operation is performed with the following call to the jQuery $.ajax() method: $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify( movieToCreate ), type: "POST", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 201: function (newMovie) { callback(newMovie); } } }); Notice that the type of Ajax request is a POST request. This is required to match the PostMovie() method. Notice, furthermore, that the new movie is converted into JSON using JSON.stringify(). The JSON.stringify() method takes a JavaScript object and converts it into a JSON string. Finally, notice that success is represented with a 201 status code. The HttpStatusCode.Created value returned from the PostMovie() method returns a 201 status code. Updating a Record with the ASP.NET Web API Here’s how we can modify the Movie API controller to support updating an existing record. In this case, we need to create a PUT method to handle an HTTP PUT request: public void PutMovie(Movie movieToUpdate) { if (movieToUpdate.Id == 1) { // Update the movie in the database return; } // If you can't find the movie to update throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound); } Unlike our PostMovie() method, the PutMovie() method does not return a result. The action either updates the database or, if the movie cannot be found, returns an HTTP Status code of 404. The following HTML page illustrates how you can invoke the PutMovie() method: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Put Movie</title> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var movieToUpdate = { id: 1, title: "The Hobbit", director: "Jackson" }; updateMovie(movieToUpdate, function () { alert("Movie updated!"); }); function updateMovie(movieToUpdate, callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify(movieToUpdate), type: "PUT", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 200: function () { callback(); }, 404: function () { alert("Movie not found!"); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> Deleting a Record with the ASP.NET Web API Here’s the code for deleting a movie: public HttpResponseMessage DeleteMovie(int id) { // Delete the movie from the database // Return status code return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NoContent); } This method simply deletes the movie (well, not really, but pretend that it does) and returns a No Content status code (204). The following page illustrates how you can invoke the DeleteMovie() action: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Delete Movie</title> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> deleteMovie(1, function () { alert("Movie deleted!"); }); function deleteMovie(id, callback) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify({id:id}), type: "DELETE", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 204: function () { callback(); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> Performing Validation How do you perform form validation when using the ASP.NET Web API? Because validation in ASP.NET MVC is driven by the Default Model Binder, and because the Web API uses the Default Model Binder, you get validation for free. Let’s modify our Movie class so it includes some of the standard validation attributes: using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Models { public class Movie { public int Id { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage="Title is required!")] [StringLength(5, ErrorMessage="Title cannot be more than 5 characters!")] public string Title { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage="Director is required!")] public string Director { get; set; } } } In the code above, the Required validation attribute is used to make both the Title and Director properties required. The StringLength attribute is used to require the length of the movie title to be no more than 5 characters. Now let’s modify our PostMovie() action to validate a movie before adding the movie to the database: public HttpResponseMessage PostMovie(Movie movieToCreate) { // Validate movie if (!ModelState.IsValid) { var errors = new JsonArray(); foreach (var prop in ModelState.Values) { if (prop.Errors.Any()) { errors.Add(prop.Errors.First().ErrorMessage); } } return new HttpResponseMessage<JsonValue>(errors, HttpStatusCode.BadRequest); } // Add movieToCreate to the database and update primary key movieToCreate.Id = 23; // Build a response that contains the location of the new movie var response = new HttpResponseMessage<Movie>(movieToCreate, HttpStatusCode.Created); var relativePath = "/api/movie/" + movieToCreate.Id; response.Headers.Location = new Uri(Request.RequestUri, relativePath); return response; } If ModelState.IsValid has the value false then the errors in model state are copied to a new JSON array. Each property – such as the Title and Director property — can have multiple errors. In the code above, only the first error message is copied over. The JSON array is returned with a Bad Request status code (400 status code). The following HTML page illustrates how you can invoke our modified PostMovie() action and display any error messages: <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Create Movie</title> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var movieToCreate = { title: "The Hobbit", director: "" }; createMovie(movieToCreate, function (newMovie) { alert("New movie created with an Id of " + newMovie.Id); }, function (errors) { var strErrors = ""; $.each(errors, function(index, err) { strErrors += "*" + err + "n"; }); alert(strErrors); } ); function createMovie(movieToCreate, success, fail) { $.ajax({ url: "/api/Movie", data: JSON.stringify(movieToCreate), type: "POST", contentType: "application/json;charset=utf-8", statusCode: { 201: function (newMovie) { success(newMovie); }, 400: function (xhr) { var errors = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText); fail(errors); } } }); } </script> </body> </html> The createMovie() function performs an Ajax request and handles either a 201 or a 400 status code from the response. If a 201 status code is returned then there were no validation errors and the new movie was created. If, on the other hand, a 400 status code is returned then there was a validation error. The validation errors are retrieved from the XmlHttpRequest responseText property. The error messages are displayed in an alert: (Please don’t use JavaScript alert dialogs to display validation errors, I just did it this way out of pure laziness) This validation code in our PostMovie() method is pretty generic. There is nothing specific about this code to the PostMovie() method. In the following video, Jon Galloway demonstrates how to create a global Validation filter which can be used with any API controller action: http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/web-api-routing-and-actions/video-custom-validation His validation filter looks like this: using System.Json; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Filters; namespace MyWebAPIApp.Filters { public class ValidationActionFilter:ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext) { var modelState = actionContext.ModelState; if (!modelState.IsValid) { dynamic errors = new JsonObject(); foreach (var key in modelState.Keys) { var state = modelState[key]; if (state.Errors.Any()) { errors[key] = state.Errors.First().ErrorMessage; } } actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage<JsonValue>(errors, HttpStatusCode.BadRequest); } } } } And you can register the validation filter in the Application_Start() method in the Global.asax file like this: GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Filters.Add(new ValidationActionFilter()); After you register the Validation filter, validation error messages are returned from any API controller action method automatically when validation fails. You don’t need to add any special logic to any of your API controller actions to take advantage of the filter. Querying using OData The OData protocol is an open protocol created by Microsoft which enables you to perform queries over the web. The official website for OData is located here: http://odata.org For example, here are some of the query options which you can use with OData: · $orderby – Enables you to retrieve results in a certain order. · $top – Enables you to retrieve a certain number of results. · $skip – Enables you to skip over a certain number of results (use with $top for paging). · $filter – Enables you to filter the results returned. The ASP.NET Web API supports a subset of the OData protocol. You can use all of the query options listed above when interacting with an API controller. The only requirement is that the API controller action returns its data as IQueryable. For example, the following Movie controller has an action named GetMovies() which returns an IQueryable of movies: public IQueryable<Movie> GetMovies() { return new List<Movie> { new Movie {Id=1, Title="Star Wars", Director="Lucas"}, new Movie {Id=2, Title="King Kong", Director="Jackson"}, new Movie {Id=3, Title="Willow", Director="Lucas"}, new Movie {Id=4, Title="Shrek", Director="Smith"}, new Movie {Id=5, Title="Memento", Director="Nolan"} }.AsQueryable(); } If you enter the following URL in your browser: /api/movie?$top=2&$orderby=Title Then you will limit the movies returned to the top 2 in order of the movie Title. You will get the following results: By using the $top option in combination with the $skip option, you can enable client-side paging. For example, you can use $top and $skip to page through thousands of products, 10 products at a time. The $filter query option is very powerful. You can use this option to filter the results from a query. Here are some examples: Return every movie directed by Lucas: /api/movie?$filter=Director eq ‘Lucas’ Return every movie which has a title which starts with ‘S’: /api/movie?$filter=startswith(Title,’S') Return every movie which has an Id greater than 2: /api/movie?$filter=Id gt 2 The complete documentation for the $filter option is located here: http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/uri-conventions#FilterSystemQueryOption Summary The goal of this blog entry was to provide you with an overview of the new ASP.NET Web API introduced with the Beta release of ASP.NET 4. In this post, I discussed how you can retrieve, insert, update, and delete data by using jQuery with the Web API. I also discussed how you can use the standard validation attributes with the Web API. You learned how to return validation error messages to the client and display the error messages using jQuery. Finally, we briefly discussed how the ASP.NET Web API supports the OData protocol. For example, you learned how to filter records returned from an API controller action by using the $filter query option. I’m excited about the new Web API. This is a feature which I expect to use with almost every ASP.NET application which I build in the future.

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Pure Server-Side Filtering with RadGridView and WCF RIA Services

Those of you who are familiar with WCF RIA Services know that the DomainDataSource control provides a FilterDescriptors collection that enables you to filter data returned by the query on the server. We have been using this DomainDataSource feature in our RIA Services with DomainDataSource online example for almost an year now. In the example, we are listening for RadGridViews Filtering event in order to intercept any filtering that is performed on the client and translate it to something that the DomainDataSource will understand, in this case a System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor being added or removed from its FilterDescriptors collection. Think of RadGridView.FilterDescriptors as client-side filtering and of DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors as server-side filtering. We no longer need the client-side one. With the introduction of the Custom Filtering Controls feature many new possibilities have opened. With these custom controls we no longer need to do any filtering on the client. I have prepared a very small project that demonstrates how to filter solely on the server by using a custom filtering control. As I have already mentioned filtering on the server is done through the FilterDescriptors collection of the DomainDataSource control. This collection holds instances of type System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor. The FilterDescriptor has three important properties: PropertyPath: Specifies the name of the property that we want to filter on (the left operand). Operator: Specifies the type of comparison to use when filtering. An instance of FilterOperator Enumeration. Value: The value to compare with (the right operand). An instance of the Parameter Class. By adding filters, you can specify that only entities which meet the condition in the filter are loaded from the domain context. In case you are not familiar with these concepts you might find Brad Abrams blog interesting. Now, our requirements are to create some kind of UI that will manipulate the DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors collection. When it comes to collections, my first choice of course would be RadGridView. If you are not familiar with the Custom Filtering Controls concept I would strongly recommend getting acquainted with my step-by-step tutorial Custom Filtering with RadGridView for Silverlight and checking the online example out. I have created a simple custom filtering control that contains a RadGridView and several buttons. This control is aware of the DomainDataSource instance, since it is operating on its FilterDescriptors collection. In fact, the RadGridView that is inside it is bound to this collection. In order to display filters that are relevant for the current column only, I have applied a filter to the grid. This filter is a Telerik.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor and is used to filter the little grid inside the custom control. It should not be confused with the DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors collection that RadGridView is actually bound to. These are the RIA filters. Additionally, I have added several other features. For example, if you have specified a DataFormatString on your original column, the Value column inside the custom control will pick it up and format the filter values accordingly. Also, I have transferred the data type of the column that you are filtering to the Value column of the custom control. This will help the little RadGridView determine what kind of editor to show up when you begin edit, for example a date picker for DateTime columns. Finally, I have added four buttons two of them can be used to add or remove filters and the other two will communicate the changes you have made to the server. Here is the full source code of the DomainDataSourceFilteringControl. The XAML: <UserControl x:Class="PureServerSideFiltering.DomainDataSourceFilteringControl" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:telerikGrid="clr-namespace:Telerik.Windows.Controls;assembly=Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView" xmlns:telerik="clr-namespace:Telerik.Windows.Controls;assembly=Telerik.Windows.Controls" Width="300"> <Border x:Name="LayoutRoot" BorderThickness="1" BorderBrush="#FF8A929E" Padding="5" Background="#FFDFE2E5"> <Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="150"/> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <StackPanel Grid.Row="0" Margin="2" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center"> <telerik:RadButton Name="addFilterButton" Click="OnAddFilterButtonClick" Content="Add Filter" Margin="2" Width="96"/> <telerik:RadButton Name="removeFilterButton" Click="OnRemoveFilterButtonClick" Content="Remove Filter" Margin="2" Width="96"/> </StackPanel> <telerikGrid:RadGridView Name="filtersGrid" Grid.Row="1" Margin="2" ItemsSource="{Binding FilterDescriptors}" AddingNewDataItem="OnFilterGridAddingNewDataItem" ColumnWidth="*" ShowGroupPanel="False" AutoGenerateColumns="False" CanUserResizeColumns="False" CanUserReorderColumns="False" CanUserFreezeColumns="False" RowIndicatorVisibility="Collapsed" IsFilteringAllowed="False" CanUserSortColumns="False"> <telerikGrid:RadGridView.Columns> <telerikGrid:GridViewComboBoxColumn DataMemberBinding="{Binding Operator}" UniqueName="Operator"/> <telerikGrid:GridViewDataColumn Header="Value" DataMemberBinding="{Binding Value.Value}" UniqueName="Value"/> </telerikGrid:RadGridView.Columns> </telerikGrid:RadGridView> <StackPanel Grid.Row="2" Margin="2" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center"> <telerik:RadButton Name="filterButton" Click="OnApplyFiltersButtonClick" Content="Apply Filters" Margin="2" Width="96"/> <telerik:RadButton Name="clearButton" Click="OnClearFiltersButtonClick" Content="Clear Filters" Margin="2" Width="96"/> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Border> </UserControl> And the code-behind: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Animation; using System.Windows.Shapes; using Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView; using System.Windows.Data; using Telerik.Windows.Controls; using Telerik.Windows.Data; namespace PureServerSideFiltering { /// <summary> /// A custom filtering control capable of filtering purely server-side. /// </summary> public partial class DomainDataSourceFilteringControl : UserControl, IFilteringControl { // The main player here. DomainDataSource domainDataSource; // This is the name of the property that this column displays. private string dataMemberName; // This is the type of the property that this column displays. private Type dataMemberType; /// <summary> /// Identifies the <see cref="IsActive"/> dependency property. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// The state of the filtering funnel (i.e. full or empty) is bound to this property. /// </remarks> public static readonly DependencyProperty IsActiveProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "IsActive", typeof(bool), typeof(DomainDataSourceFilteringControl), new PropertyMetadata(false)); /// <summary> /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the filtering is active. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// Set this to true if you want to lit-up the filtering funnel. /// </remarks> public bool IsActive { get { return (bool)GetValue(IsActiveProperty); } set { SetValue(IsActiveProperty, value); } } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the domain data source. /// We need this in order to work on its FilterDescriptors collection. /// </summary> /// <value>The domain data source.</value> public DomainDataSource DomainDataSource { get { return this.domainDataSource; } set { this.domainDataSource = value; } } public System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptorCollection FilterDescriptors { get { return this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors; } } public DomainDataSourceFilteringControl() { InitializeComponent(); } public void Prepare(GridViewBoundColumnBase column) { this.LayoutRoot.DataContext = this; if (this.DomainDataSource == null) { // Sorry, but we need a DomainDataSource. Can't do anything without it. return; } // This is the name of the property that this column displays. this.dataMemberName = column.GetDataMemberName(); // This is the type of the property that this column displays. // We need this in order to see which FilterOperators to feed to the combo-box column. this.dataMemberType = column.DataType; // We will use our magic Type extension method to see which operators are applicable for // this data type. You can go to the extension method body and see what it does. ((GridViewComboBoxColumn)this.filtersGrid.Columns["Operator"]).ItemsSource = this.dataMemberType.ApplicableFilterOperators(); // This is very nice as well. We will tell the Value column its data type. In this way // RadGridView will pick up the best editor according to the data type. For example, // if the data type of the value is DateTime, you will be editing it with a DatePicker. // Nice! ((GridViewDataColumn)this.filtersGrid.Columns["Value"]).DataType = this.dataMemberType; // Yet another nice feature. We will transfer the original DataFormatString (if any) to // the Value column. In this way if you have specified a DataFormatString for the original // column, you will see all filter values formatted accordingly. ((GridViewDataColumn)this.filtersGrid.Columns["Value"]).DataFormatString = column.DataFormatString; // This is important. Since our little filtersGrid will be bound to the entire collection // of this.domainDataSource.FilterDescriptors, we need to set a Telerik filter on the // grid so that it will display FilterDescriptor which are relevane to this column ONLY! Telerik.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor columnFilter = new Telerik.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor("PropertyPath" , Telerik.Windows.Data.FilterOperator.IsEqualTo , this.dataMemberName); this.filtersGrid.FilterDescriptors.Add(columnFilter); // We want to listen for this in order to activate and de-activate the UI funnel. this.filtersGrid.Items.CollectionChanged += this.OnFilterGridItemsCollectionChanged; } /// <summary> // Since the DomainDataSource is a little bit picky about adding uninitialized FilterDescriptors // to its collection, we will prepare each new instance with some default values and then // the user can change them later. Go to the event handler to see how we do this. /// </summary> void OnFilterGridAddingNewDataItem(object sender, GridViewAddingNewEventArgs e) { // We need to initialize the new instance with some values and let the user go on from here. System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor newFilter = new System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor(); // This is a must. It should know what member it is filtering on. newFilter.PropertyPath = this.dataMemberName; // Initialize it with one of the allowed operators. // TypeExtensions.ApplicableFilterOperators method for more info. newFilter.Operator = this.dataMemberType.ApplicableFilterOperators().First(); if (this.dataMemberType == typeof(DateTime)) { newFilter.Value.Value = DateTime.Now; } else if (this.dataMemberType == typeof(string)) { newFilter.Value.Value = "<enter text>"; } else if (this.dataMemberType.IsValueType) { // We need something non-null for all value types. newFilter.Value.Value = Activator.CreateInstance(this.dataMemberType); } // Let the user edit the new filter any way he/she likes. e.NewObject = newFilter; } void OnFilterGridItemsCollectionChanged(object sender, System.Collections.Specialized.NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e) { // We are active only if we have any filters define. In this case the filtering funnel will lit-up. this.IsActive = this.filtersGrid.Items.Count > 0; } private void OnApplyFiltersButtonClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (this.DomainDataSource.IsLoadingData) { return; } // Comment this if you want the popup to stay open after the button is clicked. this.ClosePopup(); // Since this.domainDataSource.AutoLoad is false, this will take into // account all filtering changes that the user has made since the last // Load() and pull the new data to the client. this.DomainDataSource.Load(); } private void OnClearFiltersButtonClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (this.DomainDataSource.IsLoadingData) { return; } // We want to remove ONLY those filters from the DomainDataSource // that this control is responsible for. this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors .Where(fd => fd.PropertyPath == this.dataMemberName) // Only "our" filters. .ToList() .ForEach(fd => this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Remove(fd)); // Bye-bye! // Comment this if you want the popup to stay open after the button is clicked. this.ClosePopup(); // After we did our housekeeping, get the new data to the client. this.DomainDataSource.Load(); } private void OnAddFilterButtonClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (this.DomainDataSource.IsLoadingData) { return; } // Let the user enter his/or her requirements for a new filter. this.filtersGrid.BeginInsert(); this.filtersGrid.UpdateLayout(); } private void OnRemoveFilterButtonClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (this.DomainDataSource.IsLoadingData) { return; } // Find the currently selected filter and destroy it. System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor filterToRemove = this.filtersGrid.SelectedItem as System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor; if (filterToRemove != null && this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Contains(filterToRemove)) { this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Remove(filterToRemove); } } private void ClosePopup() { System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Popup popup = this.ParentOfType<System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Popup>(); if (popup != null) { popup.IsOpen = false; } } } } Finally, we need to tell RadGridViews Columns to use this custom control instead of the default one. Here is how to do it: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Animation; using System.Windows.Shapes; using System.Windows.Data; using Telerik.Windows.Data; using Telerik.Windows.Controls; using Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView; namespace PureServerSideFiltering { public partial class MainPage : UserControl { public MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); this.grid.AutoGeneratingColumn += this.OnGridAutoGeneratingColumn; // Uncomment this if you want the DomainDataSource to start pre-filtered. // You will notice how our custom filtering controls will correctly read this information, // populate their UI with the respective filters and lit-up the funnel to indicate that // filtering is active. Go ahead and try it. this.employeesDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Add(new System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor("Title", System.Windows.Data.FilterOperator.Contains, "Assistant")); this.employeesDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Add(new System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor("HireDate", System.Windows.Data.FilterOperator.IsGreaterThan, new DateTime(1998, 12, 31))); this.employeesDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Add(new System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor("HireDate", System.Windows.Data.FilterOperator.IsLessThanOrEqualTo, new DateTime(1999, 12, 31))); this.employeesDataSource.Load(); } /// <summary> /// First of all, we will need to replace the default filtering control /// of each column with out custom filtering control DomainDataSourceFilteringControl /// </summary> private void OnGridAutoGeneratingColumn(object sender, GridViewAutoGeneratingColumnEventArgs e) { GridViewBoundColumnBase dataColumn = e.Column as GridViewBoundColumnBase; if (dataColumn != null) { // We do not like ugly dates. if (dataColumn.DataType == typeof(DateTime)) { dataColumn.DataFormatString = "{0:d}"; // Short date pattern. // Notice how this format will be later transferred to the Value column // of the grid that we have inside the DomainDataSourceFilteringControl. } // Replace the default filtering control with our. dataColumn.FilteringControl = new DomainDataSourceFilteringControl() { // Let the control know about the DDS, after all it will work directly on it. DomainDataSource = this.employeesDataSource }; // Finally, lit-up the filtering funnel through the IsActive dependency property // in case there are some filters on the DDS that match our column member. string dataMemberName = dataColumn.GetDataMemberName(); dataColumn.FilteringControl.IsActive = this.employeesDataSource.FilterDescriptors .Where(fd => fd.PropertyPath == dataMemberName) .Count() > 0; } } } } The best part is that we are not only writing filters for the DomainDataSource we can read and load them. If the DomainDataSource has some pre-existing filters (like I have created in the code above), our control will read them and will populate its UI accordingly. Even the filtering funnel will light-up! Remember, the funnel is controlled by the IsActive property of our control. While this is just a basic implementation, the source code is absolutely yours and you can take it from here and extend it to match your specific business requirements. Below the main grid there is another debug grid. With its help you can monitor what filter descriptors are added and removed to the domain data source. Download Source Code. (You will have to have the AdventureWorks sample database installed on the default SQLExpress instance in order to run it.) Enjoy!Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files

- by user12620111

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Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files Introduction Working in Oracle Platform Integration gives an engineer opportunities to work on a wide array of technologies. My team’s goal is to make Oracle applications run best on the Solaris/SPARC platform. When looking for bottlenecks in a modern applications, one needs to be aware of not only how the CPUs and operating system are executing, but also network, storage, and in some cases, the Java Virtual Machine. I was recently presented with about 1.5 GB of Java Garbage First Garbage Collector log file data. If you’re not familiar with the subject, you might want to review Garbage First Garbage Collector Tuning by Monica Beckwith. The customer had been running Java HotSpot 1.6.0_31 to host a web application server. I was told that the Solaris/SPARC server was running a Java process launched using a commmand line that included the following flags: -d64 -Xms9g -Xmx9g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=80 -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:+PrintGC -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 Several sources on the internet indicate that if I were to print out the 1.5 GB of log files, it would require enough paper to fill the bed of a pick up truck. Of course, it would be fruitless to try to scan the log files by hand. Tools will be required to summarize the contents of the log files. Others have encountered large Java garbage collection log files. There are existing tools to analyze the log files: IBM’s GC toolkit The chewiebug GCViewer gchisto HPjmeter Instead of using one of the other tools listed, I decide to parse the log files with standard Unix tools, and analyze the data with R. Data Cleansing The log files arrived in two different formats. I guess that the difference is that one set of log files was generated using a more verbose option, maybe -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC, and the other set of log files was generated without that option. Format 1 In some of the log files, the log files with the less verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, looks like this: {Heap before GC invocations=12280 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7499918K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 1 young (4096K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. 2014-05-14T07:24:00.988-0700: 60586.353: [GC pause (young) 7324M->7320M(9216M), 0.1567265 secs] Heap after GC invocations=12281 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7496533K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 0 young (0K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. } A simple grep can be used to extract a summary: $ grep "\[ GC pause (young" g1gc.log 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700: 3.109: [GC pause (young) 20M->5029K(9216M), 0.0146328 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700: 3.459: [GC pause (young) 9125K->6077K(9216M), 0.0086723 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700: 5.599: [GC pause (young) 25M->8470K(9216M), 0.0203820 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700: 10.704: [GC pause (young) 44M->15M(9216M), 0.0288848 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700: 16.958: [GC pause (young) 51M->20M(9216M), 0.0491244 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700: 24.066: [GC pause (young) 92M->26M(9216M), 0.0525368 secs] 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700: 62.383: [GC pause (young) 602M->68M(9216M), 0.1721173 secs] But that format wasn't easily read into R, so I needed to be a bit more tricky. I used the following Unix command to create a summary file that was easy for R to read. $ echo "SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime" $ grep "\[GC pause (young" g1gc.log | grep -v mark | sed -e 's/[A-SU-z,]/ /g' -e 's/->/ /' -e 's/: / /g' | more SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700 3.109 20 5029 9216 0.0146328 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700 3.459 9125 6077 9216 0.0086723 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700 5.599 25 8470 9216 0.0203820 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700 10.704 44 15 9216 0.0288848 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700 16.958 51 20 9216 0.0491244 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700 24.066 92 26 9216 0.0525368 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700 62.383 602 68 9216 0.1721173 Format 2 In some of the log files, the log files with the more verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, was more complicated than Format 1. Here is a text file with an example of a single G1GC trace in the second format. As you can see, it is quite complicated. It is nice that there is so much information available, but the level of detail can be overwhelming. I wrote this awk script (download) to summarize each trace on a single line. #!/usr/bin/env awk -f BEGIN { printf("SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize\n") } ###################### # Save count data from lines that are at the start of each G1GC trace. # Each trace starts out like this: # {Heap before GC invocations=14 (full 0): # garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 325496K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) ###################### /{Heap.*full/{ gsub ( "\\)" , "" ); nf=split($0,a,"="); split(a[2],b," "); getline; if ( match($0, "first") ) { G1GC=1; IncrementalCount=b[1]; FullCount=substr( b[3], 1, length(b[3])-1 ); } else { G1GC=0; } } ###################### # Pull out time stamps that are in lines with this format: # 2014-05-12T14:02:06.025-0700: 94.312: [GC pause (young), 0.08870154 secs] ###################### /GC pause/ { DateTime=$1; SecondsSinceLaunch=substr($2, 1, length($2)-1); } ###################### # Heap sizes are in lines that look like this: # [ 4842M->4838M(9216M)] ###################### /\[ .*]$/ { gsub ( "\\[" , "" ); gsub ( "\ \]" , "" ); gsub ( "->" , " " ); gsub ( "\$ " , " " ); gsub ( "\ $" , " " ); split($0,a," "); if ( split(a[1],b,"M") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[1],b,"K") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[2],b,"M") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[2],b,"K") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[3],b,"M") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[3],b,"K") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1];} } ###################### # Emit an output line when you find input that looks like this: # [Times: user=1.41 sys=0.08, real=0.24 secs] ###################### /\[Times/ { if (G1GC==1) { gsub ( "," , "" ); split($2,a,"="); UserTime=a[2]; split($3,a,"="); SysTime=a[2]; split($4,a,"="); RealTime=a[2]; print DateTime,SecondsSinceLaunch,IncrementalCount,FullCount,UserTime,SysTime,RealTime,BeforeSize,AfterSize,TotalSize; G1GC=0; } } The resulting summary is about 25X smaller that the original file, but still difficult for a human to digest. SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ... 2014-05-12T18:36:34.669-0700: 3985.744 561 0 0.57 0.06 0.16 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:34.839-0700: 3985.914 562 0 0.51 0.06 0.19 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.069-0700: 3986.144 563 0 0.60 0.04 0.27 1724416 1721344 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.354-0700: 3986.429 564 0 0.33 0.04 0.09 1725440 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.545-0700: 3986.620 565 0 0.58 0.04 0.17 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.726-0700: 3986.801 566 0 0.43 0.05 0.12 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.856-0700: 3986.930 567 0 0.30 0.04 0.07 1726464 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.947-0700: 3987.023 568 0 0.61 0.04 0.26 1727488 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:36.228-0700: 3987.302 569 0 0.46 0.04 0.16 1731584 1724416 9437184 Reading the Data into R Once the GC log data had been cleansed, either by processing the first format with the shell script, or by processing the second format with the awk script, it was easy to read the data into R. g1gc.df = read.csv("summary.txt", row.names = NULL, stringsAsFactors=FALSE,sep="") str(g1gc.df) ## 'data.frame': 8307 obs. of 10 variables: ## $ row.names : chr "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ... ## $ SecondsSinceLaunch: num 1.16 1.47 1.97 3.83 6.1 ... ## $ IncrementalCount : int 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... ## $ FullCount : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... ## $ UserTime : num 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.26 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.56 ... ## $ SysTime : num 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.09 ... ## $ RealTime : num 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 ... ## $ BeforeSize : int 8192 5496 5768 22528 24576 43008 34816 53248 55296 93184 ... ## $ AfterSize : int 1400 1672 2557 4907 7072 14336 16384 18432 19456 21504 ... ## $ TotalSize : int 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 ... head(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 1 2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700: 1.161 0 ## 2 2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700: 1.472 1 ## 3 2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700: 1.969 2 ## 4 2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700: 3.830 3 ## 5 2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700: 6.103 4 ## 6 2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700: 9.720 5 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 1 0 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 9437184 ## 2 0 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 9437184 ## 3 0 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 9437184 ## 4 0 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 9437184 ## 5 0 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 9437184 ## 6 0 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 9437184 Basic Statistics Once the data has been read into R, simple statistics are very easy to generate. All of the numbers from high school statistics are available via simple commands. For example, generate a summary of every column: summary(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## Length:8307 Min. : 1 Min. : 0 Min. : 0.0 ## Class :character 1st Qu.: 9977 1st Qu.:2048 1st Qu.: 0.0 ## Mode :character Median :12855 Median :4136 Median : 12.0 ## Mean :12527 Mean :4156 Mean : 31.6 ## 3rd Qu.:15758 3rd Qu.:6262 3rd Qu.: 61.0 ## Max. :55484 Max. :8391 Max. :113.0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize ## Min. :0.040 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 5476 ## 1st Qu.:0.470 1st Qu.:0.0300 1st Qu.: 0.1 1st Qu.:5137920 ## Median :0.620 Median :0.0300 Median : 0.1 Median :6574080 ## Mean :0.751 Mean :0.0355 Mean : 0.3 Mean :5841855 ## 3rd Qu.:0.920 3rd Qu.:0.0400 3rd Qu.: 0.2 3rd Qu.:7084032 ## Max. :3.370 Max. :1.5600 Max. :488.1 Max. :8696832 ## AfterSize TotalSize ## Min. : 1380 Min. :9437184 ## 1st Qu.:5002752 1st Qu.:9437184 ## Median :6559744 Median :9437184 ## Mean :5785454 Mean :9437184 ## 3rd Qu.:7054336 3rd Qu.:9437184 ## Max. :8482816 Max. :9437184 Q: What is the total amount of User CPU time spent in garbage collection? sum(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 6236 As you can see, less than two hours of CPU time was spent in garbage collection. Is that too much? To find the percentage of time spent in garbage collection, divide the number above by total_elapsed_time*CPU_count. In this case, there are a lot of CPU’s and it turns out the the overall amount of CPU time spent in garbage collection isn’t a problem when viewed in isolation. When calculating rates, i.e. events per unit time, you need to ask yourself if the rate is homogenous across the time period in the log file. Does the log file include spikes of high activity that should be separately analyzed? Averaging in data from nights and weekends with data from business hours may alias problems. If you have a reason to suspect that the garbage collection rates include peaks and valleys that need independent analysis, see the “Time Series” section, below. Q: How much garbage is collected on each pass? The amount of heap space that is recovered per GC pass is surprisingly low: At least one collection didn’t recover any data. (“Min.=0”) 25% of the passes recovered 3MB or less. (“1st Qu.=3072”) Half of the GC passes recovered 4MB or less. (“Median=4096”) The average amount recovered was 56MB. (“Mean=56390”) 75% of the passes recovered 36MB or less. (“3rd Qu.=36860”) At least one pass recovered 2GB. (“Max.=2121000”) g1gc.df$Delta = g1gc.df$BeforeSize - g1gc.df$AfterSize summary(g1gc.df$Delta) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0 3070 4100 56400 36900 2120000 Q: What is the maximum User CPU time for a single collection? The worst garbage collection (“Max.”) is many standard deviations away from the mean. The data appears to be right skewed. summary(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0.040 0.470 0.620 0.751 0.920 3.370 sd(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 0.3966 Basic Graphics Once the data is in R, it is trivial to plot the data with formats including dot plots, line charts, bar charts (simple, stacked, grouped), pie charts, boxplots, scatter plots histograms, and kernel density plots. Histogram of User CPU Time per Collection I don't think that this graph requires any explanation. hist(g1gc.df$UserTime, main="User CPU Time per Collection", xlab="Seconds", ylab="Frequency") Box plot to identify outliers When the initial data is viewed with a box plot, you can see the one crazy outlier in the real time per GC. Save this data point for future analysis and drop the outlier so that it’s not throwing off our statistics. Now the box plot shows many outliers, which will be examined later, using times series analysis. Notice that the scale of the x-axis changes drastically once the crazy outlier is removed. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(dominated by a crazy outlier)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") crazy.outlier.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime > 400,] g1gc.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime < 400,] boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(crazy outlier excluded)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Here is the crazy outlier for future analysis: crazy.outlier.df ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 8233 2014-05-12T23:15:43.903-0700: 20741 8316 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 8233 112 0.55 0.42 488.1 8381440 8235008 9437184 ## Delta ## 8233 146432 R Time Series Data To analyze the garbage collection as a time series, I’ll use Z’s Ordered Observations (zoo). “zoo is the creator for an S3 class of indexed totally ordered observations which includes irregular time series.” require(zoo) ## Loading required package: zoo ## ## Attaching package: 'zoo' ## ## The following objects are masked from 'package:base': ## ## as.Date, as.Date.numeric head(g1gc.df[,1]) ## [1] "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" ## [3] "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ## [5] "2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700:" options("digits.secs"=3) times=as.POSIXct( g1gc.df[,1], format="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%OS%z:") g1gc.z = zoo(g1gc.df[,-c(1)], order.by=times) head(g1gc.z) ## SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 1.161 0 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 1.472 1 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 1.969 2 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 3.830 3 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 6.103 4 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9.720 5 0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 ## TotalSize Delta ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 9437184 6792 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 9437184 3824 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 9437184 3211 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 9437184 17621 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 9437184 17504 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9437184 28672 Example of Two Benchmark Runs in One Log File The data in the following graph is from a different log file, not the one of primary interest to this article. I’m including this image because it is an example of idle periods followed by busy periods. It would be uninteresting to average the rate of garbage collection over the entire log file period. More interesting would be the rate of garbage collect in the two busy periods. Are they the same or different? Your production data may be similar, for example, bursts when employees return from lunch and idle times on weekend evenings, etc. Once the data is in an R Time Series, you can analyze isolated time windows. Clipping the Time Series data Flashing back to our test case… Viewing the data as a time series is interesting. You can see that the work intensive time period is between 9:00 PM and 3:00 AM. Lets clip the data to the interesting period: par(mfrow=c(2,1)) plot(g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Complete Log File", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") clipped.g1gc.z=window(g1gc.z, start=as.POSIXct("2014-05-12 21:00:00"), end=as.POSIXct("2014-05-13 03:00:00")) plot(clipped.g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Limited to Benchmark Execution", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count Here is the cumulative incremental and full GC count. When the line is very steep, it indicates that the GCs are repeating very quickly. Notice that the scale on the Y axis is different for full vs. incremental. plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c(2:3)], main="Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count", xlab="Time of Day", col="#1b9e77") GC Analysis of Benchmark Execution using Time Series data In the following series of 3 graphs: The “After Size” show the amount of heap space in use after each garbage collection. Many Java objects are still referenced, i.e. alive, during each garbage collection. This may indicate that the application has a memory leak, or may indicate that the application has a very large memory footprint. Typically, an application's memory footprint plateau's in the early stage of execution. One would expect this graph to have a flat top. The steep decline in the heap space may indicate that the application crashed after 2:00. The second graph shows that the outliers in real execution time, discussed above, occur near 2:00. when the Java heap seems to be quite full. The third graph shows that Full GCs are infrequent during the first few hours of execution. The rate of Full GC's, (the slope of the cummulative Full GC line), changes near midnight. plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","RealTime","FullCount")], xlab="Time of Day", col=c("#1b9e77","red","#1b9e77")) GC Analysis of heap recovered Each GC trace includes the amount of heap space in use before and after the individual GC event. During garbage coolection, unreferenced objects are identified, the space holding the unreferenced objects is freed, and thus, the difference in before and after usage indicates how much space has been freed. The following box plot and bar chart both demonstrate the same point - the amount of heap space freed per garbage colloection is surprisingly low. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", horizontal = TRUE, col="red") hist(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", breaks=100, col="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") This graph is the most interesting. The dark blue area shows how much heap is occupied by referenced Java objects. This represents memory that holds live data. The red fringe at the top shows how much data was recovered after each garbage collection. barplot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","Delta")], col=c("#7570b3","#e7298a"), xlab="Time of Day", border=NA) legend("topleft", c("Live Objects","Heap Recovered on GC"), fill=c("#7570b3","#e7298a")) box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") When I discuss the data in the log files with the customer, I will ask for an explaination for the large amount of referenced data resident in the Java heap. There are two are posibilities: There is a memory leak and the amount of space required to hold referenced objects will continue to grow, limited only by the maximum heap size. After the maximum heap size is reached, the JVM will throw an “Out of Memory” exception every time that the application tries to allocate a new object. If this is the case, the aplication needs to be debugged to identify why old objects are referenced when they are no longer needed. The application has a legitimate requirement to keep a large amount of data in memory. The customer may want to further increase the maximum heap size. Another possible solution would be to partition the application across multiple cluster nodes, where each node has responsibility for managing a unique subset of the data. Conclusion In conclusion, R is a very powerful tool for the analysis of Java garbage collection log files. The primary difficulty is data cleansing so that information can be read into an R data frame. Once the data has been read into R, a rich set of tools may be used for thorough evaluation.

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Cacti: "An internal Net-Snmp error condition detected in Cacti snmp_count"

- by Recc

There's the odd forum topic about an error similarly obscure as this, but I haven't seen any for snmp_count in particular. Also I don't see graphing problems, though I can't simply go and eyeball all graphs. However the poller does time out and has to be stopped by its internal process preventing overruns. If I filter out the flood of this error in the log I dont get anything else except the poller timeout: 06/12/2014 12:48:00 PM - POLLER: Poller[0] Maximum runtime of 58 seconds exceeded. Exiting. 06/12/2014 12:48:00 PM - SYSTEM STATS: Time:58.8566 Method:spine Processes:1 Threads:40 Hosts:1923 HostsPerProcess:1923 DataSources:61584 RRDsProcessed:0 06/12/2014 12:48:00 PM - SPINE: Poller[0] ERROR: Spine Timed Out While Processing Hosts Internal I saw in the running processes /usr/local/spine/spine 0 2053 that's always left behind. When I kill it the flooding of the error stops. Of course it's the same on the next poll run as it goes through the devices. 2053 is apparently the DB ID for a device. I deleted it completely to see if that stops it. It doesn't, instead 2052 is seen there. I suspect It'll be the same if I keep deleting devices which I will not do. This started happening midday when I wasn't doing anything to the cacti server. I have tried reducing Maximum Threads per Process to 1 and Number of PHP Script Servers to 1. I've been running it at 10 script servers / 40 threads for months with poll cycle time of about 20 sec. I just found out Running snmpwalk on any host would begin returning the values but then timeout halfway through. This doesn't happen from different servers on the network this Cacti is suggesting still that it's a problem with it locally. Any suggestions? For one polling cycle I changed to use cmd.php instead. then I started getting errors like CMDPHP: Poller[0] Host[45] DS[541] WARNING: Result from SNMP not valid. Partial Result: U Perhaps as expected. Looking closely I see that every snmpwalk I do is interrupted at the same place as if some byte limit is hit and the connection torn down.

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A problem with the asp.net create user control

- by Sir Psycho

Hi, I've customised the asp.net login control and it seems to create new accounts fine, but if I duplicate the user id thats already registered or enter an email thats already used, the error messages arn't displaying. Its driving me crazy. The page just refreshes without showing an error. I've included the as instructed on the MSDN site but nothing. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178342.aspx <asp:CreateUserWizard ErrorMessageStyle-BorderColor="Azure" ID="CreateUserWizard1" runat="server" ContinueDestinationPageUrl="~/home.aspx"> <WizardSteps> <asp:CreateUserWizardStep ID="CreateUserWizardStep1" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <asp:Literal ID="ErrorMessage" runat="server"></asp:Literal> <div class="fieldLine"> <asp:Label ID="lblFirstName" runat="server" Text="First Name:" AssociatedControlID="tbxFirstName"></asp:Label> <asp:Label ID="lblLastName" runat="server" Text="Last Name:" AssociatedControlID="tbxLastName"></asp:Label> </div> <div class="fieldLine"> <asp:TextBox ID="tbxFirstName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> <asp:TextBox ID="tbxLastName" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> </div> <asp:Label ID="lblEmail" runat="server" Text="Email:" AssociatedControlID="Email"></asp:Label> <asp:TextBox ID="Email" runat="server" CssClass="wideInput"></asp:TextBox><br /> <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server" CssClass="aspValidator" Display="Dynamic" ControlToValidate="Email" ErrorMessage="Required"></asp:RequiredFieldValidator> <asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="RegularExpressionValidator1" runat="server" Display="Dynamic" CssClass="aspValidator" ControlToValidate="Email" SetFocusOnError="true" ValidationExpression="^(?:[a-zA-Z0-9_'^&/+-])+(?:\.(?:[a-zA-Z0-9_'^&/+-])+)*@(?:(?:\[?(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\]?)|(?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.)+(?:[a-zA-Z]){2,}\.?)$" ErrorMessage="Email address not valid"></asp:RegularExpressionValidator> <asp:Label ID="lblEmailConfirm" runat="server" Text="Confirm Email Address:" AssociatedControlID="tbxEmailConfirm"></asp:Label> <asp:TextBox ID="tbxEmailConfirm" runat="server" CssClass="wideInput"></asp:TextBox><br /> <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator2" runat="server" CssClass="aspValidator" Display="Dynamic" ControlToValidate="tbxEmailConfirm" ErrorMessage="Required"></asp:RequiredFieldValidator> <asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="RegularExpressionValidator2" runat="server" Display="Dynamic" CssClass="aspValidator" ControlToValidate="tbxEmailConfirm" SetFocusOnError="true" ValidationExpression="^(?:[a-zA-Z0-9_'^&/+-])+(?:\.(?:[a-zA-Z0-9_'^&/+-])+)*@(?:(?:\[?(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\]?)|(?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.)+(?:[a-zA-Z]){2,}\.?)$" ErrorMessage="Email address not valid"></asp:RegularExpressionValidator> <asp:CompareValidator ID="CompareValidator1" runat="server" Display="Dynamic" SetFocusOnError="true" CssClass="aspValidator" ControlToCompare="Email" ControlToValidate="tbxEmailConfirm" ErrorMessage="Email address' do not match"></asp:CompareValidator> <asp:Label ID="lblUsername" runat="server" Text="Username:" AssociatedControlID="UserName"></asp:Label> <asp:TextBox ID="UserName" runat="server" MaxLength="12"></asp:TextBox><br /> <asp:CustomValidator ID="CustomValidatorUserName" runat="server" Display="Dynamic" SetFocusOnError="true" CssClass="aspValidator" ValidateEmptyText="true" ControlToValidate="UserName" ErrorMessage="Username can be between 6 and 12 characters." ClientValidationFunction="ValidateLength" OnServerValidate="ValidateUserName"></asp:CustomValidator> <div class="fieldLine"> <asp:Label ID="lblPassword" runat="server" Text="Password:" AssociatedControlID="Password"></asp:Label> <asp:Label ID="lblPasswordConfirm" runat="server" Text="Confirm Password:" AssociatedControlID="ConfirmPassword" CssClass="confirmPassword"></asp:Label> </div> <div class="fieldLine"> <asp:TextBox ID="Password" runat="server" TextMode="Password"></asp:TextBox> <asp:TextBox ID="ConfirmPassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password"></asp:TextBox><br /> <asp:CustomValidator ID="CustomValidatorPassword" runat="server" Display="Dynamic" SetFocusOnError="true" CssClass="aspValidator" ControlToValidate="Password" ValidateEmptyText="true" ErrorMessage="Password can be between 6 and 12 characters" ClientValidationFunction="ValidateLength" OnServerValidate="ValidatePassword"></asp:CustomValidator> <asp:CustomValidator ID="CustomValidatorConfirmPassword" runat="server" Display="Dynamic" SetFocusOnError="true" CssClass="aspValidator" ControlToValidate="ConfirmPassword" ValidateEmptyText="true" ErrorMessage="Password can be between 6 and 12 characters" ClientValidationFunction="ValidateLength" OnServerValidate="ValidatePassword"></asp:CustomValidator> <asp:CompareValidator ID="CompareValidator2" runat="server" Enabled="false" Display="Dynamic" SetFocusOnError="true" CssClass="aspValidator" ControlToCompare="Password" ControlToValidate="ConfirmPassword" ErrorMessage="Passwords do not match"></asp:CompareValidator> </div> <asp:Label ID="lblCaptch" runat="server" Text="Captcha:" AssociatedControlID="imgCaptcha"></asp:Label> <div class="borderBlue" style="width:200px;"> <asp:Image ID="imgCaptcha" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/JpegImage.aspx" /><br /> </div> <asp:TextBox ID="tbxCaptcha" runat="server" CssClass="captchaText"></asp:TextBox> <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ControlToValidate="tbxCaptcha" CssClass="aspValidator" ID="RequiredFieldValidator3" runat="server" ErrorMessage="Required"></asp:RequiredFieldValidator> <asp:CustomValidator ID="CustomValidator1" ControlToValidate="tbxCaptcha" runat="server" OnServerValidate="ValidateCaptcha" ErrorMessage="Captcha incorrect"></asp:CustomValidator> </ContentTemplate> <CustomNavigationTemplate> <div style="float:left;"> <asp:Button ID="CreateUser" runat="server" Text="Register Now!" CausesValidation="true" CommandName="CreateUser" OnCommand="CreateUserClick" CssClass="registerButton" /> </div> </CustomNavigationTemplate> </asp:CreateUserWizardStep> <asp:CompleteWizardStep ID="CompleteWizardStep1" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <table border="0" style="font-size: 100%; font-family: Verdana" id="TABLE1" > <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; color: white; background-color: #5d7b9d; height: 18px;"> Complete</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Your account has been successfully created.<br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" colspan="2"> <asp:Button ID="Button1" PostBackUrl="~/home.aspx" runat="server" Text="Button" /> </td> </tr> </table> </ContentTemplate> </asp:CompleteWizardStep> </WizardSteps> </asp:CreateUserWizard>

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Backup VM : Copy virtual disk xxx.vmdk The virtual disk is either corrupted or not a supported forma

- by boiteavinc

Hi I'm french. I'm student and I use ESXI4 for my studies. When I try backup my VMs, with ghettoVCBg2.pl and vSphere Management Assistant, I get the following error message on Vsphere Client : "Copy virtual disk xxx.vmdk The virtual disk is either corrupted or not a supported format". I have no error in the log VCB ; 03-23-2010 08:31:56 -- debug: Main: Login by vi-fastpass to: esxi 03-23-2010 08:31:56 -- debug: copyTask: Task START 03-23-2010 08:31:56 -- debug: copyTask: waiting for next job and sleep ... 03-23-2010 08:32:00 -- info: Initiate backup for AD_DNS_DHCP found on esxi 03-23-2010 08:32:09 -- debug: AD_DNS_DHCP original powerState: poweredOn 03-23-2010 08:32:09 -- debug: Creating Snapshot "ghettoVCBg2-snapshot-2010-03-23" for AD_DNS_DHCP 03-23-2010 08:33:19 -- info: AD_DNS_DHCP has 1 VMDK(s) 03-23-2010 08:33:19 -- debug: backupVMDK: Backing up "Raptor1 AD_DNS_DHCP/AD_DNS_DHCP.vmdk" to "Backup_VM VM/AD_DNS_DHCP/AD_DNS_DHCP-2010-03-23/$ 03-23-2010 08:33:19 -- debug: backupVMDK: Signal copyThread to start 03-23-2010 08:33:19 -- debug: backupVMDK: Backup progress: Elapsed time 0 min 03-23-2010 08:33:19 -- debug: copyTask: Wake up and follow the white rabbit, with status: doCopy 03-23-2010 08:33:19 -- debug: CopyThread: Start backing up VMDK(s) ... 03-23-2010 08:33:25 -- debug: copyTask: send copySuccess message ... 03-23-2010 08:33:25 -- debug: copyTask: waiting for next job and sleep ... 03-23-2010 08:34:20 -- debug: backupVMDK: Successfully completed backup for Raptor1 AD_DNS_DHCP/AD_DNS_DHCP.vmdk Elapsed time: 1 min 03-23-2010 08:34:22 -- debug: Removing Snapshot "ghettoVCBg2-snapshot-2010-03-23" for AD_DNS_DHCP 03-23-2010 08:34:24 -- debug: checkVMBackupRotation: Starting ... 03-23-2010 08:34:26 -- debug: Purging Backup_VM VM/AD_DNS_DHCP/AD_DNS_DHCP-2010-03-23--1 due to rotation max 03-23-2010 08:34:28 -- info: Backup completed for AD_DNS_DHCP! 03-23-2010 08:34:28 -- debug: Main: Disconnect from: esxi 03-23-2010 08:34:28 -- debug: Main: Calling final clean up 03-23-2010 08:34:28 -- debug: cleanUP: Thread clean up starting ... 03-23-2010 08:34:28 -- debug: cleanUp: Send exit to copyThread 03-23-2010 08:34:28 -- debug: copyTask: Wake up and follow the white rabbit, with status: exit 03-23-2010 08:34:28 -- debug: copyTask: die ... 03-23-2010 08:34:28 -- debug: cleanUp: Join passed 03-23-2010 08:34:28 -- info: ============================== ghettoVCBg2 LOG END ============================== My ghetto conf file is : VM_BACKUP_DATASTORE = "Backup_VM" VM_BACKUP_DIRECTORY = "VM" VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT = "3" DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT = "thin" ADAPTER_FORMAT = "lsilogic" POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP = "0" VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY = "1" VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE = "1" LOG_LEVEL = "info" VM_VMDK_FILES = "all" I tried several I tried several DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT, I have same error. Despite the error, even when I get files on the NFS share. But when I try to open the vmx file with vmware workstation. I get this error: Can not open the disk 'G: \ Backup ESX \ VM \ AD_DNS_DHCP \ AD_DNS_DHCP-2010-03-23 - 1 \ AD_DNS_DHCP.vmdk' or one of the snapshot disks it depends on. Reason: The called function can not be performed on partial chains. Please open the parent virtual disk. I have no snapshot on my VM on ESXi. Can you help me ?

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Unclear pricing of Windows Azure

- by Dirk

How do you people think about the Windows Azure pricing model and the way it is presented to the user? I just found out that Azure keeps charging hours for STOPPED instances. I just received a bill from more than 100 euro for 3 STOPPED instances (not) running "HelloAzure". I the past I also played around with Amazon Web Services. Amazon doesn't charge for stopped instances. I was wondering: "Should I have known this before, or is Microsoft doing a bad job in clear communication in the pricing model?" Quote from http://www.microsoft.com/windowsazure/pricing/ : Compute time, measured in service hours: Windows Azure compute hours are charged only for when your application is deployed. When developing and testing your application, developers will want to remove the compute instances that are not being used to minimize compute hour billing. Partial compute hours are billed as full hours. I read this, so I stopped all instances after a few hours playing around. Now it seems I should have deleted them, not just "stopped". Strictly speaking, all depends on the definition of the word "deployed". If you upload an application, but it is not running, can it still be regarded as being "deployed"? May be, but when you read this for the first time, with AWS experience in mind, I don't think it's 100% clear what this means. Technically speaking, an uploaded application only uses (read: should only use / needs only) a few MB harddrive space. It doesn't require any CPU time. If Azure wants to reserve CPU's for not running instances.. well, that's Azure's choice, not mine. I don't want to spread a hate campaign at all, but I do want to know how people think about this subject. Should Microsoft be more clear about their pricing model or do you think it's clear enough? Second question: did anyone got refunded for a similar case? Thanks in advance! UPDATE 27-01-2011 I sent an email to customer support a few days ago, but I guess that didn't reach anu human being because I didn't hear anything from it. So, I made a telephone call today with a Dutch customer support representative (I live in Holland). She totally understood the problem and she's trying to get a refund for me. However, she mentioned that "usually these refund requests are denied", but she's going to try. She also mentioned that I'm not the first one with this (or similar) problem. UPDATE 28-01-2011 I just received a phonecall from Microsoft support. The lady told me some good news: the money will refunded. However, the invoice has not been made yet, and my creditcard will first be chardged, after which it will be refunded, but hey, that's no problem for me! I'm glad the way it's solved! Thanks everybody!

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xml to xsl transformation

- by amirin

Hi, I have a requirement to extract the uniquie values from the different nodes of the given xml using xsl transformation. XML FILE:- var IPClaimCausesNice = ""; function changeIPClaimCause(){ if(CommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause == "Diagnosis") { IPClaimCausesNice = "diagnosis" } if(CommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause == "Illness") { IPClaimCausesNice = "illness" } if(CommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause == "Accident") { IPClaimCausesNice = "accident" } return IPClaimCausesNice; } <section id="1903879316" name="Logos"> <fraglink id="605609862" resid="1235000151"> <argvalue name="CommJob"> <var name="CommJob" type="Th_1235001170_CommJob" /> </argvalue> </fraglink> </section> <section id="13483397" name="Address Block"> <fraglink id="563800610" resid="986000123"> <argvalue name="PersonInformation"> <var name="AddresseePersonInformation" type="Th_1235000929_PersonInformation" /> </argvalue> </fraglink> </section> <section id="1093480468" name="Details"> <fraglink id="460316501" resid="1195000163"> <argvalue name="currentDateTime"> <var name="getSystemVariables.getCurrentDate" type="date" /> </argvalue> <argvalue name="CommJob"> <var name="CommJob" type="Th_1235000929_CommJob" /> </argvalue> <argvalue name="ShowDOB" /> <argvalue name="ShowYourRef" /> <argvalue name="YourRefLabel" /> </fraglink> <fraglink id="1026044336" resid="1235000070"> <argvalue name="brandKey"> <var name="CommJob.commJobDetails.brandingKey" type="string" /> </argvalue> <argvalue name="brandSponsor"> <var name="CommJob.client.policy.policyDetails.brandSponsor" type="string" /> </argvalue> </fraglink> </section> <section id="2092948772" name="Important info"> <frag id="1180564368" name="frag" no-match="error" type="text"> <edition id="1178777425" name="Any" withdrawn="False"> <edition-content> <p style="bodyTableHeader" align="left" xml:space="preserve">Important information</p> <p style="body" xml:space="preserve">In accordance with the terms and conditions of your policy, your claim has been classified as a <iif><expression><script language="JavaScript">CommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause == "Diagnosis" || CommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause == "Ill health"</script><description>the IPClaimCause of the CommJob's client policy insurances Insurance Coverages IPCover Claim equals "Diagnosis" or the IPClaimCause of the CommJob's client policy insurances Insurance Coverages IPCover Claim equals "Ill health"sicknessCommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause == "Accident"the IPClaimCause of the CommJob's client policy insurances Insurance Coverages IPCover Claim equals "Accident"accident. Please assist us Please quote your policy and claim numbers / when returning your forms. Your claim has been received Your Thank you for sending your Initial Claim Form which we received on . We are sorry to hear of your recent . Our assessmentThe attending doctor’s statement indicates you are claiming benefits as a result of , CommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause == "Diagnosis"the IPClaimCause of the CommJob's client policy Insurance Coverages first Coverage Claim equals "Diagnosis"which was diagnosedCommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause == "Accident"the IPClaimCause of the CommJob's client policy Insurance Coverages first Coverage Claim equals "Accident"which first occuredCommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause == "Ill health"the IPClaimCause of the CommJob's client policy Insurance Coverages first Coverage Claim equals "Ill health"with symptoms commencing on . We note you ceased all work on and consulted your doctor IsNotMissing(CommJob.placeHolders.date.date5)the date5 of the CommJob's placeHolders date is not missingon this day also regarding your condition. Further information is required We’ve enclosed the following forms. Please complete these and return them to us so that we can continue assessing your claim. Progress claim form Attached questionnaire Authority to the Health Insurance Commission Medical authority <<other/ free format>> <<other/ free format>> Please be advised we’ve CommJob.placeHolders._boolean.boolean1 == truethe CommJob's placeHolders boolean is boolean1also requested the following information: Medical report from Dr Medicare history report from the Health Insurance Commission <<other/ free format>> <<other/ free format>> As your claim forms have been submitted months after you ceased work, our ability to properly assess your claim may have been prejudiced. In order to complete our assessment of your claim, the following information is required within 30 days of this letter: Reason for late lodgement of claim. Reason(s) you ceased work on (eg redundancy or due to medical condition). Name and contact details of all doctors and specialists you have consulted since you ceased work. Copies of any medical, radiology, pathology or other reports in your possession. Details of all treatment you have received since you ceased work. Whether you returned to work (paid or unpaid) in either a full-time or part-time capacity. If so, please provide the dates you worked, hours you worked, duties you performed and any income you received. Financial information for any other related entities (if applicable). If you are unable to supply the above information, please contact us by WriteText(FormatDateTime(DateAdd(getSystemVariables.getCurrentDate,"day",30),"dd MMMM yyyy")). To help in the ongoing assessment of your claim, you are required to be under the regular care and attendance of a medical practitioner. We’ve enclosed a Progress Claim Form which needs to be completed and returned to us by . False False False CC: Different nodes to pick the values:- 1. 2.path form 5. Values to be picked form the xml node and display in HTML is like CommJob.client.policy.Insurance.Coverages.Coverage[0].Claim.IPClaimCause CommJob.commJobDetails.stockType CommJob.commJobDetails.targetClient.targetClientName CommJob.client.policy.policyDetails.policyStatus CommJob.client.policy.policyDetails.productType CommJob.commJobDetails.targetClient.targetClientName ........etc can any one help me to provide the solution. This xsl transformation doesn't pick correctly only the values <xsl:template match="@*"/> Any help on this will great.

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XSLT 1.0 recursion

- by DashaLuna

I'm stuck with recursion, was wondering if anyone can help me out with it. I have <Receipts> and <Deposits> elements, that are not verbose, i.e. that a <Receipts> element doesn't have an attribute to show what <Deposit> it is towards. I need to figure out <Deposits> "still amount due" and when a last receipt towards it was paid if any. I'm trying to do it with the following code: The idea was to take 1st deposit and see if there are receipts. If the deposit isn't fully paid and there are more receipts - call that recorsive function with all the same params except now count in following receipt. If there aren't any more receipts or deposit is payed - process it correctly (add required attributes). Otherwise proceed with 2nd deposit. And so on. However, the XSLT crashes with error message that "a processor stack has overflowed - possible cause is infinite template recursion" I would really appreciate any help/teps... I'm not that great with recursion and can't understand why mine here doesn't work. Thanks! :)  <xsl:variable name="depositsClassified"> <xsl:call-template name="classifyDeposits">  <xsl:with-param name="depositsAll" select="$deposits"/> <xsl:with-param name="depositPrevAmount" select="'0'"/>  <xsl:with-param name="receiptsAll" select="$receiptsAsc"/> <xsl:with-param name="receiptCount" select="'1'"/> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:variable> <xsl:template name="classifyDeposits"> <xsl:param name="depositsAll"/> <xsl:param name="depositPrevAmount" select="'0'"/> <xsl:param name="receiptsAll"/> <xsl:param name="receiptCount"/> <xsl:if test="$deposits">  <xsl:variable name="depositFirst" select="$depositsAll[1]"/> <xsl:variable name="receiptSum"> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="$receiptsAll"> <xsl:value-of select="sum($receiptsAll[position() <= $receiptCount]/@ActionAmount)"/> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise>0</xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </xsl:variable> <xsl:variable name="diff" select="$depositPrevAmount + $depositFirst/@DepositTotalAmount - $receiptSum"/> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="$diff > 0 and $receiptCount < $receiptsQuantityOf"> <xsl:call-template name="classifyDeposits"> <xsl:with-param name="depositsAll" select="$depositsAll"/> <xsl:with-param name="depositPrevAmount" select="$depositPrevAmount"/> <xsl:with-param name="receiptsAll" select="$receiptsAll"/> <xsl:with-param name="receiptCount" select="$receiptCount + 1"/> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise>  <xsl:apply-templates select="$depositFirst" mode="defineDeposit"> <xsl:with-param name="diff" select="$diff"/> <xsl:with-param name="latestReceiptForDeposit" select="$receiptsAll[position() = $receiptCount]"/> </xsl:apply-templates>  <xsl:call-template name="classifyDeposits"> <xsl:with-param name="depositsAll" select="$depositsAll[position() > 1]"/> <xsl:with-param name="depositPrevAmount" select="$depositPrevAmount + $depositFirst/@DepositTotalAmount"/> <xsl:with-param name="receiptsAll" select="$receiptsAll"/> <xsl:with-param name="receiptCount" select="'1'"/> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </xsl:if> </xsl:template>  <xsl:template match="Deposits" mode="defineDeposit"> <xsl:param name="diff"/> <xsl:param name="latestReceiptForDeposit"/> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="$diff <= 0"> <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="addAttrs"> <xsl:with-param name="status" select="'paid'"/> <xsl:with-param name="dueAmount" select="'0'"/> <xsl:with-param name="receipt" select="$latestReceiptForDeposit"/> </xsl:apply-templates> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="$diff = ./@DepositTotalAmount"> <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="addAttrs"> <xsl:with-param name="status" select="'due'"/> <xsl:with-param name="dueAmount" select="$diff"/> </xsl:apply-templates> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="$diff < ./@DepositTotalAmount"> <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="addAttrs"> <xsl:with-param name="status" select="'outstanding'"/> <xsl:with-param name="dueAmount" select="$diff"/> <xsl:with-param name="receipt" select="$latestReceiptForDeposit"/> </xsl:apply-templates> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise/> </xsl:choose> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="Deposits" mode="addAttrs"> <xsl:param name="status"/> <xsl:param name="dueAmount"/> <xsl:param name="receipt" select="''"/>  <xsl:copy> <xsl:copy-of select="./@*"/> <xsl:attribute name="Status"><xsl:value-of select="$status"/></xsl:attribute> <xsl:attribute name="DueAmount"><xsl:value-of select="$dueAmount"/></xsl:attribute> <xsl:if test="$receipt"> <xsl:attribute name="latestReceiptDate"> <xsl:value-of select="$receipt/@ActionDate"/> </xsl:attribute> </xsl:if> <xsl:copy-of select="./*"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>

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What sort of loop structure to compare checkbox matrix with Google Maps markers?

- by Kirkman14

I'm trying to build a map of trails around my town. I'm using an XML file to hold all the trail data. For each marker, I have categories like "surface," "difficulty," "uses," etc. I have seen many examples of Google Maps that use checkboxes to show markers by category. However these examples are usually very simple: maybe three different checkboxes. What's different on my end is that I have multiple categories, and within each category there are several possible values. So, a particular trail might have "use" values of "hiking," "biking," "jogging," and "equestrian" because all are allowed. I put together one version, which you can see here: http://www.joshrenaud.com/pd/trails_withcheckboxes3.html In this version, any trail that has any value checked by the user will be displayed on the map. This version works. (although I should point out there is a bug where despite only one category being checked on load, all markers display anyway. After your first click on any checkbox, the map will work properly) However I now realize it's not quite what I want. I want to change it so that it will display only markers that match ALL the values that are checked (rather than ANY, which is what the example above does). I took a hack at this. You can see the result online, but I can't type a link to it because I am new user. Change the "3" in the URL above to a "4" to see it. My questions are about this SECOND url. (trails_withcheckboxes4.html) It doesn't work. I am pretty new to Javascript, so I am sure I have done something totally wrong, but I can't figure out what. My specific questions: Does anyone see anything glaringly obvious that is keeping my second example from working? If not, could someone just suggest what sort of loop structure I would need to build to compare the several arrays of checkboxes with the several arrays of values on any given marker? Here is some of the relevant code, although you can just view source on the examples above to see the whole thing: function createMarker(point,surface,difficulty,use,html) { var marker = new GMarker(point,GIcon); marker.mysurface = surface; marker.mydifficulty = difficulty; marker.myuse = use; GEvent.addListener(marker, "click", function() { marker.openInfoWindowHtml(html); }); gmarkers.push(marker); return marker; } function show() { hide(); var surfaceChecked = []; var difficultyChecked = []; var useChecked = []; var j=0; // okay, let's run through the checkbox elements and make arrays to serve as holders of any values the user has checked. for (i=0; i<surfaceArray.length; i++) { if (document.getElementById('surface'+surfaceArray[i]).checked == true) { surfaceChecked[j] = surfaceArray[i]; j++; } } j=0; for (i=0; i<difficultyArray.length; i++) { if (document.getElementById('difficulty'+difficultyArray[i]).checked == true) { difficultyChecked[j] = difficultyArray[i]; j++; } } j=0; for (i=0; i<useArray.length; i++) { if (document.getElementById('use'+useArray[i]).checked == true) { useChecked[j] = useArray[i]; j++; } } //now that we have our 'xxxChecked' holders, it's time to go through all the markers and see which to show. for (var k=0; k<gmarkers.length; k++) { // this loop runs thru all markers var surfaceMatches = []; var difficultyMatches = []; var useMatches = []; var surfaceOK = false; var difficultyOK = false; var useOK = false; for (var l=0; l<surfaceChecked.length; l++) { // this loops runs through all checked Surface categories for (var m=0; m<gmarkers[k].mysurface.length; m++) { // this loops through all surfaces on the marker if (gmarkers[k].mysurface[m].childNodes[0].nodeValue == surfaceChecked[l]) { surfaceMatches[l] = true; } } } for (l=0; l<difficultyChecked.length; l++) { // this loops runs through all checked Difficulty categories for (m=0; m<gmarkers[k].mydifficulty.length; m++) { // this loops through all difficulties on the marker if (gmarkers[k].mydifficulty[m].childNodes[0].nodeValue == difficultyChecked[l]) { difficultyMatches[l] = true; } } } for (l=0; l<useChecked.length; l++) { // this loops runs through all checked Use categories for (m=0; m<gmarkers[k].myuse.length; m++) { // this loops through all uses on the marker if (gmarkers[k].myuse[m].childNodes[0].nodeValue == useChecked[l]) { useMatches[l] = true; } } } // now it's time to loop thru the Match arrays and make sure they are all completely true. for (m=0; m<surfaceMatches.length; m++) { if (surfaceMatches[m] == true) { surfaceOK = true; } else if (surfaceMatches[m] == false) {surfaceOK = false; break; } } for (m=0; m<difficultyMatches.length; m++) { if (difficultyMatches[m] == true) { difficultyOK = true; } else if (difficultyMatches[m] == false) {difficultyOK = false; break; } } for (m=0; m<useMatches.length; m++) { if (useMatches[m] == true) { useOK = true; } else if (useMatches[m] == false) {useOK = false; break; } } // And finally, if each of the three OK's is true, then let's show the marker. if ((surfaceOK == true) && (difficultyOK == true) && (useOK == true)) { gmarkers[i].show(); } } }

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a hidden program (virus) send hundred e-mail - Can you have any experience on something similar ?

- by Aristos

In one tablet computer yesterday I make the usually automatic updates from ms. This tablet have comodo firewall, and and old nod32. After that I notice very soon, that something start sending hundred smtp e-mail the moment the tablet computer is connected to the internet. Also the previous t time I have make updates, some 'virus' gets on the computer but I find very easy and stop it from run. I find using the autostart from sysinternals, and the process explorer. This virus has also break the automatic update from ms, and lost a lot of time to fix it. This is my usually practice when some call me to delete a virus from xp, I use the process explorer and autostart to locate the program, and delete it from everywhere. How ever the last one is so hard to locate. 0.I delete everything from temp directorys and search for suspicious files everywhere, run the nod32, 1.I use the TCPView to see witch program sending the smpt (I see hundred open smpt connections sending emails) but the SMTP was opened by the main service program. 2. I use the process monitor to locate whats happens but find again the main service that do the job. 3.I start delete many thinks on process explorer, but did not found the one that send the emails 4.I open many times the autorun but did not find there also something suspicion, I stop some thinks, but nothing happends. 5.From the last time that I suspect that this virus come to my computer and I partial remove it, he has broke my windows update, to fix it I lost a lot of time, searching on Internet for the error - it was just a register to a dll. 6.From what I suspect something is trigger after the ms update. 7.For the moment I block the email ports, and try to find a way to locate it. I like to notice here that everything is genius - and I mean everything. I believe that this virus pass from a page, or from an e-mail that this computer receive it in the past. Any help or information are appreciate. If you know anything similar, if you know how this virus send emails and how can I locate it, if you know any anti-virus anti-spyware program that maybe can find it. If you know how a virus gets after the ms updates. Million thanks.

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Class member functions instantiated by traits [policies, actually]

- by Jive Dadson

I am reluctant to say I can't figure this out, but I can't figure this out. I've googled and searched Stack Overflow, and come up empty. The abstract, and possibly overly vague form of the question is, how can I use the traits-pattern to instantiate member functions? [Update: I used the wrong term here. It should be "policies" rather than "traits." Traits describe existing classes. Policies prescribe synthetic classes.] The question came up while modernizing a set of multivariate function optimizers that I wrote more than 10 years ago. The optimizers all operate by selecting a straight-line path through the parameter space away from the current best point (the "update"), then finding a better point on that line (the "line search"), then testing for the "done" condition, and if not done, iterating. There are different methods for doing the update, the line-search, and conceivably for the done test, and other things. Mix and match. Different update formulae require different state-variable data. For example, the LMQN update requires a vector, and the BFGS update requires a matrix. If evaluating gradients is cheap, the line-search should do so. If not, it should use function evaluations only. Some methods require more accurate line-searches than others. Those are just some examples. The original version instantiates several of the combinations by means of virtual functions. Some traits are selected by setting mode bits that are tested at runtime. Yuck. It would be trivial to define the traits with #define's and the member functions with #ifdef's and macros. But that's so twenty years ago. It bugs me that I cannot figure out a whiz-bang modern way. If there were only one trait that varied, I could use the curiously recurring template pattern. But I see no way to extend that to arbitrary combinations of traits. I tried doing it using boost::enable_if, etc.. The specialized state information was easy. I managed to get the functions done, but only by resorting to non-friend external functions that have the this-pointer as a parameter. I never even figured out how to make the functions friends, much less member functions. The compiler (VC++ 2008) always complained that things didn't match. I would yell, "SFINAE, you moron!" but the moron is probably me. Perhaps tag-dispatch is the key. I haven't gotten very deeply into that. Surely it's possible, right? If so, what is best practice? UPDATE: Here's another try at explaining it. I want the user to be able to fill out an order (manifest) for a custom optimizer, something like ordering off of a Chinese menu - one from column A, one from column B, etc.. Waiter, from column A (updaters), I'll have the BFGS update with Cholesky-decompositon sauce. From column B (line-searchers), I'll have the cubic interpolation line-search with an eta of 0.4 and a rho of 1e-4, please. Etc... UPDATE: Okay, okay. Here's the playing-around that I've done. I offer it reluctantly, because I suspect it's a completely wrong-headed approach. It runs okay under vc++ 2008. #include <boost/utility.hpp> #include <boost/type_traits/integral_constant.hpp> namespace dj { struct CBFGS { void bar() {printf("CBFGS::bar %d\n", data);} CBFGS(): data(1234){} int data; }; template<class T> struct is_CBFGS: boost::false_type{}; template<> struct is_CBFGS<CBFGS>: boost::true_type{}; struct LMQN {LMQN(): data(54.321){} void bar() {printf("LMQN::bar %lf\n", data);} double data; }; template<class T> struct is_LMQN: boost::false_type{}; template<> struct is_LMQN<LMQN> : boost::true_type{}; // "Order form" struct default_optimizer_traits { typedef CBFGS update_type; // Selection from column A - updaters }; template<class traits> class Optimizer; template<class traits> void foo(typename boost::enable_if<is_LMQN<typename traits::update_type>, Optimizer<traits> >::type& self) { printf(" LMQN %lf\n", self.data); } template<class traits> void foo(typename boost::enable_if<is_CBFGS<typename traits::update_type>, Optimizer<traits> >::type& self) { printf("CBFGS %d\n", self.data); } template<class traits = default_optimizer_traits> class Optimizer{ friend typename traits::update_type; //friend void dj::foo<traits>(typename Optimizer<traits> & self); // How? public: //void foo(void); // How??? void foo() { dj::foo<traits>(*this); } void bar() { data.bar(); } //protected: // How? typedef typename traits::update_type update_type; update_type data; }; } // namespace dj int main() { dj::Optimizer<> opt; opt.foo(); opt.bar(); std::getchar(); return 0; }

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Proxy / Squid 2.7 / Debian Wheezy 6.7 / lots of TCP Timed-out

- by Maroon Ibrahim

i'm facing a lot of TCP timed-out on a busy cache server and here below my sysctl.conf configuration as well as an output of "netstat -st" Kernel 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.57-3 x86_64 GNU/Linux Any advice or help would be highly appreciated #################### Sysctl.conf cat /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 fs.file-max = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_low_latency = 1 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 fs.aio-max-nr = 131072 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 60 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 10 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3 kernel.threads-max = 131072 kernel.msgmax = 32768 kernel.msgmni = 64 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 kernel.shmall = 4294967296 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.ip_dynaddr = 1 vm.swappiness = 0 vm.drop_caches = 3 net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 131072 net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 32768 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 131072 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 6085248 16227328 67108864 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 131072 33554432 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 174760 33554432 net.core.rmem_default = 33554432 net.core.rmem_max = 33554432 net.core.wmem_default = 33554432 net.core.wmem_max = 33554432 net.core.somaxconn = 10000 # ################ Netstat results /# netstat -st IcmpMsg: InType0: 2 InType3: 233754 InType8: 56251 InType11: 23192 OutType0: 56251 OutType3: 437 OutType8: 4 Tcp: 20680741 active connections openings 63642431 passive connection openings 1126690 failed connection attempts 2093143 connection resets received 13059 connections established 2649651696 segments received 2195445642 segments send out 183401499 segments retransmited 38299 bad segments received. 14648899 resets sent UdpLite: TcpExt: 507 SYN cookies sent 178 SYN cookies received 1376771 invalid SYN cookies received 1014577 resets received for embryonic SYN_RECV sockets 4530970 packets pruned from receive queue because of socket buffer overrun 7233 packets pruned from receive queue 688 packets dropped from out-of-order queue because of socket buffer overrun 12445 ICMP packets dropped because they were out-of-window 446 ICMP packets dropped because socket was locked 33812202 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer 622 TCP sockets finished time wait in slow timer 573656 packets rejects in established connections because of timestamp 133357718 delayed acks sent 23593 delayed acks further delayed because of locked socket Quick ack mode was activated 21288857 times 839 times the listen queue of a socket overflowed 839 SYNs to LISTEN sockets dropped 41 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue. 79166 bytes directly in process context from backlog 24 bytes directly received in process context from prequeue 2713742130 packet headers predicted 84 packets header predicted and directly queued to user 1925423249 acknowledgments not containing data payload received 877898013 predicted acknowledgments 16449673 times recovered from packet loss due to fast retransmit 17687820 times recovered from packet loss by selective acknowledgements 5047 bad SACK blocks received Detected reordering 11 times using FACK Detected reordering 1778091 times using SACK Detected reordering 97955 times using reno fast retransmit Detected reordering 280414 times using time stamp 839369 congestion windows fully recovered without slow start 4173098 congestion windows partially recovered using Hoe heuristic 305254 congestion windows recovered without slow start by DSACK 933682 congestion windows recovered without slow start after partial ack 77828 TCP data loss events TCPLostRetransmit: 5066 2618430 timeouts after reno fast retransmit 2927294 timeouts after SACK recovery 3059394 timeouts in loss state 75953830 fast retransmits 11929429 forward retransmits 51963833 retransmits in slow start 19418337 other TCP timeouts 2330398 classic Reno fast retransmits failed 2177787 SACK retransmits failed 742371590 packets collapsed in receive queue due to low socket buffer 13595689 DSACKs sent for old packets 50523 DSACKs sent for out of order packets 4658236 DSACKs received 175441 DSACKs for out of order packets received 880664 connections reset due to unexpected data 346356 connections reset due to early user close 2364841 connections aborted due to timeout TCPSACKDiscard: 1590 TCPDSACKIgnoredOld: 241849 TCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo: 1636687 TCPSpuriousRTOs: 766073 TCPSackShifted: 74562088 TCPSackMerged: 169015212 TCPSackShiftFallback: 78391303 TCPBacklogDrop: 29 TCPReqQFullDoCookies: 507 TCPChallengeACK: 424921 TCPSYNChallenge: 170388 IpExt: InBcastPkts: 351510 InOctets: -609466797 OutOctets: -1057794685 InBcastOctets: 75631402 #

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Remove DRM from *.pdb e-book that I own - while maintaining footnotes, etc.?

- by ziesemer

Background: I've already reviewed Remove DRM from ePub Files? and How can I remove DRM from Kindle books? - the answers to which have already brought me partial process. The challenge is that I have a few purchased *.pdb e-books that I purchased in years past, e.g. 2006. In particular, they were purchased from the palm eBook Store (ebooks.palm.com - now defunct, possibly part of http://www.ereader.com / Barnes & Noble?) - originally for use on a Palm Treo that has since died. Of particular note is that I have a revision / publication of a book that is no longer published, and not available as an e-book from anywhere else that I've been able to find. (I feel fortunate to have even found the *.pdb files on backup.) I have a copy of the electronic invoice for it - which includes the details necessary for unlocking - the "Purchaser's Name" and the "Unlock Code" - which is the digits of my credit card # that I had used to purchase it. Given the above information, I was surprised to be able to open the book using the Windows eReader software and unlock it. Here I am able to view the complete contents and functionality of the book as I had done on the Palm Treo - including viewing of linked annotations / footnotes, etc. Following the full spirit of Remove DRM from ePub Files?, I want to ensure that I can access this on any device of my choosing - especially now and in the future, and as new technologies arrive and disappear. Ideally, I'm just looking to accomplish the minimum necessary to allow import into calibre. Outstanding Issue: I've found a few solutions that have given me "90%" success - all based on various versions of some Python scripts - including versions 0.21 and 0.11 of "erdr2pml.py" (based on "ereader2html"). Unfortunately, unless I'm missing something, these programs are attempting to also "convert" - instead of just "decrypting". As such, the outputs are missing embedded images and/or footnotes. I.E., there is a linked, underlined, and super-scripted "a" after some text - but the content of the footnote no longer exists. I can validate this by inspecting the generated *.pmlz file, and nowhere does it contain the original footnotes that are still visible in the original *.pdb file. I'm hoping to find a process that focuses on the decryption only, instead of attempting any type of a content conversion - or if a content conversion is required / involved, that it maintains all of the features and content of the original. (Again, I'm confident that if/once a version is obtained that calibre can import, I'll be able to fulfill the rest of my requirements.)

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How to remove a node based on contents of a subnode and then convert to CSV with headers intact

- by Morris Cox

I'm downloading a 10MB zipped XML file with wget, unzipping it to 40MB, trying to weed out test and expired entries (if the text of a certain node is "This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!" or if is in the past), and then convert to CSV. However, I get this error: PHP Notice: Array to string conversion in /home/morris/projects/grantsgov/xml2csv.php on line 46 I get Array errors because some entries in the XML file have more than one occurrence of a node (different text contents). The test entries are still present. Contents of grantsgov.sh: #!/bin/bash wget --clobber "http://www.grants.gov/search/downloadXML.do;jsessionid=1n7GNpNF2tKZnRGLyQqf7Tl32hFJ1zndhfQpLrJJD11TTNzWMwDy!368676377?fname=GrantsDBExtract$(date +'%Y%m%d').zip" -O GrantsDBExtract$(date +"%Y%m%d").zip unzip GrantsDBExtract$(date +"%Y%m%d").zip php xml2csv.php zip GrantsDBExtracted$(date +"%Y%m%d").zip GrantsDBExtracted$(date +"%Y%m%d").csv Contents of xml2csv.php: <? $current_date = date("Ymd"); //$getfile=fopen("http://www.grants.gov/search/downloadXML.do;jsessionid=GqJNNmdLyJyMlsQqTzS2KdzgT5NMdhPp0QhG946JTmHzRltNTpMQ!368676377?fname=GrantsDBExtract$current_date.zip", "r"); $zip = zip_open("GrantsDBExtract$current_date.zip"); if(is_resource($zip)) { while ($zip_entry = zip_read($zip)) { $fp = fopen("./".zip_entry_name($zip_entry), "w"); if (zip_entry_open($zip, $zip_entry, "r")) { $buf = zip_entry_read($zip_entry, zip_entry_filesize($zip_entry)); fwrite($fp,"$buf"); zip_entry_close($zip_entry); fclose($fp); } } zip_close($zip); } // For future potential use $xml = new DOMDocument('1.0', 'ascii'); $xpath = new DOMXpath($xml); $xslFile = "feddata.xsl"; $filexml="GrantsDBExtract$current_date.xml"; if (file_exists($filexml)) { $xml = simplexml_load_file($filexml); echo "Loaded $filexml\n"; $xslt = new XSLTProcessor(); $xsl = new DOMDocument(); //$XSL->load('feddata.xsl', LIBXML_NOCDATA); $xsl->load($xslFile, LIBXML_NOCDATA); $xslt->importStylesheet($xsl); $xslt->transformToXML($xml); $f = fopen("GrantsDBExtracted$current_date.csv", 'w'); // create the CSV header row on the first time here $first = FALSE; $fields = array(); foreach($record as $key => $value) { $fields[] = $key; } fwrite($f,implode(";",$fields)."\n"); foreach ($xml->FundingOppSynopsis as $fos) { fputcsv($f, get_object_vars($fos),',','"'); } } fclose($f); } else { exit('Failed to open file.'); } ?> Contents of feddata.xsl: <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="xml"/> <xsl:template match="node()|@*"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="FundingOppSynopsis[AgencyMailingAddress = 'This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!']"> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet><xsl:strip-space elements="*"/> Part of the XML file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE Grants SYSTEM "http://www.grants.gov/search/dtd/XMLExtract.dtd"> <Grants> <FundingOppSynopsis> <PostDate>08312007</PostDate> <UserID>None</UserID> <Password>None</Password> <FundingInstrumentType>CA</FundingInstrumentType> <FundingActivityCategory>DPR</FundingActivityCategory> <OtherCategoryExplanation>This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!</OtherCategoryExplanation> <NumberOfAwards>5</NumberOfAwards> <EstimatedFunding>4</EstimatedFunding> <AwardCeiling>2</AwardCeiling> <AwardFloor>1</AwardFloor> <AgencyMailingAddress>This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!</AgencyMailingAddress> <FundingOppTitle>This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!</FundingOppTitle> <FundingOppNumber>IVV-08312007-RG-OPP5</FundingOppNumber> <ApplicationsDueDate>09102007</ApplicationsDueDate> <ApplicationsDueDateExplanation>This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!</ApplicationsDueDateExplanation> <ArchiveDate>10102007</ArchiveDate> <Location>None</Location> <Office>None</Office> <Agency>None</Agency> <FundingOppDescription>This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!</FundingOppDescription> <CFDANumber>000000</CFDANumber> <EligibilityCategory>21</EligibilityCategory> <AdditionalEligibilityInfo>This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!</AdditionalEligibilityInfo> <CostSharing>N</CostSharing> <ObtainFundingOppText FundingOppURL="">Not Available</ObtainFundingOppText> <AgencyContact AgencyEmailDescriptor="This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!" AgencyEmailAddress="This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!">This is a test opportunity. Please DO NOT apply!</AgencyContact> </FundingOppSynopsis> How can I fix the error and remove expired entries (based on ArchiveDate)? I suspect the second to last line in feddata.xsl needs to be fixed.

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Need Help Customizing a Grammar Checking Replace Rule in Java

- by user567785

Hello, I am currently adding the Khmer (Cambodian) language to LanguageTool, an opensource grammar checker for OpenOffice (http://www.languagetool.org). I don't know enough Java to customize one of the scripts and wanted to make a request here asking if anyone would be willing to customize it for me (I can put link to your website at http://www.sbbic.org/lang/en-us/volunteer/ if you help). Here is the script that needs customization KhmerWordCoherencyRule.java: /* LanguageTool, a natural language style checker * Copyright (C) 2005 Daniel Naber (http://www.danielnaber.de) * * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * Lesser General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 * USA */ package de.danielnaber.languagetool.rules.km; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Locale; import java.util.Map; import java.util.ResourceBundle; import de.danielnaber.languagetool.AnalyzedSentence; import de.danielnaber.languagetool.AnalyzedToken; import de.danielnaber.languagetool.AnalyzedTokenReadings; import de.danielnaber.languagetool.JLanguageTool; import de.danielnaber.languagetool.tools.StringTools; import de.danielnaber.languagetool.rules.Category; import de.danielnaber.languagetool.rules.RuleMatch; /** * A Khmer rule that matches words or phrases which should not be used and suggests * correct ones instead. Loads the relevant words from * <code>rules/km/coherency.txt</code>, where km is a code of the language. * * @author Andriy Rysin */ public abstract class KhmerWordCoherencyRule extends KhmerRule { private static final String FILE_ENCODING = "utf-8"; private Map<String, String> wrongWords; // e.g. "????? -> "?????" private static final String FILE_NAME = "/km/coherency.txt"; public abstract String getFileName(); public String getEncoding() { return FILE_ENCODING; } /** * Indicates if the rule is case-sensitive. Default value is <code>true</code>. * @return true if the rule is case-sensitive, false otherwise. */ //in Khmer there is no case public boolean isCaseSensitive() { return false; } /** * @return the locale used for case conversion when {@link #isCaseSensitive()} is set to <code>false</code>. */ public Locale getLocale() { return Locale.getDefault(); } public KhmerWordCoherencyRule(final ResourceBundle messages) throws IOException { if (messages != null) { super.setCategory(new Category(messages.getString("category_misc"))); } wrongWords = loadWords(JLanguageTool.getDataBroker().getFromRulesDirAsStream(getFileName())); } public String getId() { return "KM_WORD_COHERENCY"; } public String getDescription() { return "Checks for wrong words/phrases"; } public String getSuggestion() { return " does not match your previous spelling of the word, use "; } public String getShort() { return "Use a consistant spelling throughout"; } public final RuleMatch[] match(final AnalyzedSentence text) { final List<RuleMatch> ruleMatches = new ArrayList<RuleMatch>(); final AnalyzedTokenReadings[] tokens = text.getTokensWithoutWhitespace(); for (int i = 1; i < tokens.length; i++) { final String token = tokens[i].getToken(); final String origToken = token; final String replacement = isCaseSensitive()?wrongWords.get(token):wrongWords.get(token.toLowerCase(getLocale())); if (replacement != null) { final String msg = token + getSuggestion() + replacement; final int pos = tokens[i].getStartPos(); final RuleMatch potentialRuleMatch = new RuleMatch(this, pos, pos + origToken.length(), msg, getShort()); if (!isCaseSensitive() && StringTools.startsWithUppercase(token)) { potentialRuleMatch.setSuggestedReplacement(StringTools.uppercaseFirstChar(replacement)); } else { potentialRuleMatch.setSuggestedReplacement(replacement); } ruleMatches.add(potentialRuleMatch); } } return toRuleMatchArray(ruleMatches); } private Map<String, String> loadWords(final InputStream file) throws IOException { final Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); InputStreamReader isr = null; BufferedReader br = null; try { isr = new InputStreamReader(file, getEncoding()); br = new BufferedReader(isr); String line; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { line = line.trim(); if (line.length() < 1) { continue; } if (line.charAt(0) == '#') { // ignore comments continue; } final String[] parts = line.split(";"); if (parts.length != 2) { throw new IOException("Format error in file " + JLanguageTool.getDataBroker().getFromRulesDirAsUrl(getFileName()) + ", line: " + line); } map.put(parts[0], parts[1]); } } finally { if (br != null) { br.close(); } if (isr != null) { isr.close(); } } return map; } public void reset() { } } Here is what I need the SimpleReplaceRule.java to do: 1 - Be able to have more than two spelling variations in the coherency.txt file (right now it can only be Word1;Word2). 2 - Find the first use of ANY of the spelling variations in a document that are found in coherency.txt and then make sure only that spelling is used throughout the document (ex. in the coherency.txt I have Word1;Word2;Word3 then in my document on the first line I write Word2. then on next line I write Word1 and Word 3 - then the grammar checker will flag Word1 and Word3 saying that I should use the spelling "Word2" instead...etc.). If anyone can help I would be grateful! Thanks for your time, Nathan

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Why is it that, table is not printing in the xsl-fo here? please help me guys.

- by atrueguy

This is my xml file <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="currency.xsl"?> <currencylist> <title>Currencies By Country</title> <countries> <country>Australia</country> <currency>Australian Dollar</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Austria</country> <currency>Schilling</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Belgium</country> <currency>Belgium Franc</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Canada</country> <currency>Canadian Dollar</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>England</country> <currency>Pound</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Fiji</country> <currency>Fijian Dollar</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>France</country> <currency>Franc</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Germany</country> <currency>DMark</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Hong Kong</country> <currency>Hong Kong Dollar</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Italy</country> <currency>Lira</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Japan</country> <currency>Yen</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Netherlands</country> <currency>Guilder</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>Switzerland</country> <currency>SFranc</currency> </countries> <countries> <country>USA</country> <currency>Dollar</currency> </countries> </currencylist> This is my xsl-fo file: <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"> <fo:layout-master-set> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="Letter" page-height="11in" page-width="8.5in"> <fo:region-body region-name="only_region" margin="0.7in" margin-top="1.2in" margin-left="1.1in"/> <fo:region-before region-name="xsl-region-before" extent="1.5in" /> <fo:region-after region-name="xsl-region-after" extent="1.5in" /> <fo:region-start region-name="xsl-region-after" extent="1.5in" /> </fo:simple-page-master> </fo:layout-master-set> <fo:page-sequence master-reference="Letter"> <fo:flow flow-name="only_region"> <fo:block text-align="left"><xsl:call-template name="show_title"/></fo:block> <fo:table-and-caption> <fo:table> <fo:table-column column-width="25mm"/> <fo:table-column column-width="25mm"/> <fo:table-column column-width="25mm"/> <fo:table-header> <fo:table-row> <fo:table-cell> <fo:block font-weight="bold">SI No</fo:block> </fo:table-cell> <fo:table-cell> <fo:block font-weight="bold">Country</fo:block> </fo:table-cell> <fo:table-cell> <fo:block font-weight="bold">Currency</fo:block> </fo:table-cell> </fo:table-row> </fo:table-header> <fo:table-body> <xsl:for-each select="currencylist/countries"> <fo:table-row> <fo:table-cell> <fo:block> <xsl:value-of select="position()"/> </fo:block> </fo:table-cell> <fo:table-cell> <fo:block> <xsl:value-of select="country"/> </fo:block> </fo:table-cell> <fo:table-cell> <fo:block> <xsl:value-of select="currency"/> </fo:block> </fo:table-cell> </fo:table-row> </xsl:for-each> </fo:table-body> </fo:table> </fo:table-and-caption> </fo:flow> </fo:page-sequence> </fo:root> </xsl:template> <xsl:template name="show_title" match="currencylist"> <xsl:value-of select="currencylist/title"/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Table structure is not printing, but the values are printing, please help guys.

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Bizarre Son of Suckerfish ie6/ie7 problem - 2 letters from right-most dropdown menu also appearing o

- by Kevin Burke

I'm interning for an NGO in India and trying to fix their website, including updating their menu so it's not the last item on the page to load, and it's centered on the screen. Everything works well enough but when I try out my new menu in IE6, I get this weird error where the content below the menu is padded an extra 30px or so and the material in the right-most drop down appears on the far left of the screen, always visible. When I drop down the rightmost link ("Publications") the content appears both in the correct location and in the same spot on the far left of the screen, and changes color when I hover as well. It's tough to describe, so it would probably be best if you took a look: visit http://sevamandir.org/a30/aboutus.htm in your IE6/IE7 browser to see for yourself. I really appreciate your help. Also I'm using a 1000px wide monitor, if there's more hijinks going on outside that space I'd like to know about that too. I took a look at the problem again and it's even weirder than I thought. Only two letters of the bottom-most drop down menu item are shown, no matter how many items are in the left-most drop down menu. When I delete the left-most drop down menu, the bottom item from the next left-most item shows up in the same space. The padding between the menu and the content is always the same. When I hover over the real menu item, the two letters on the left hand side change color to match the hover color. Unfortunately many people that visit our website are using old browsers so IE6 support is pretty crucial, this problem is really weird though, and I would appreciate some help. I uploaded a file with the entire style.css sheet in the and HTML code below, at http://sevamandir.org/a30/aboutus.htm. Here's the relevant code: in the html head: <script> sfHover = function() { var sfEls = document.getElementById("nav").getElementsByTagName("LI"); for (var i=0; i<sfEls.length; i++) { sfEls[i].onmouseover=function() { this.className+=" sfhover"; } sfEls[i].onmouseout=function() { this.className=this.className.replace(new RegExp(" sfhover\\b"), ""); } } } if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onload", sfHover); </script> text surrounding the menu - the menu is simply <ul id="nav"><li></li></ul> etc.  <div style="float:left; height:27px; width:520px; margin:0px; font:16px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight:bold; color:#769841;"> Transforming lives through democratic & participatory development </div> <?php include("menu.php"); ?> </div>  <div id="maincontent"> Relevant menu CSS: #nav, #nav ul { font:bold 11px Verdana, sans-serif; float: left; width: 980px; list-style: none; line-height: 1; background: white; font-weight: bold; padding: 0; border: solid #769841; border-width: 0; margin: 0 0 1em 0; } #nav a { display: block; width: 140px; /*this is the total width of the upper menu*/ w\idth: 120px; /*this is the width less horizontal padding */ padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; /*horiz padding is the 2nd & 4th items here - goes Top Right Bottom Left */ color: #ffffff; background:#b6791e; text-decoration: none; } #nav a.daddy { background: url(rightarrow2.gif) center right no-repeat; } #nav li { float: left; padding: 0; width: 140px; /*this needs to be updated to match top #nav a */ background:#b6791e; } #nav li:hover, #nav li a:hover, #nav li:hover a { background:#769841; } #nav li:hover li a { background:#ffffff; color:#769841; } #nav li ul { position: absolute; left: -999em; height: auto; width: 14.4em; w\idth: 13.9em; font-weight: bold; border-width: 0.25em; /*green border around dropdown menu*/ margin: 0; } #nav li ul a { background:#ffffff; color:#769841; } #nav li li { padding-right: 1em; width: 13em; background:#ffffff; } #nav li ul a { width: 13em; w\idth: 9em; } #nav li ul ul { margin: -1.75em 0 0 14em; } #nav li:hover ul ul, #nav li:hover ul ul ul, #nav li.sfhover ul ul, #nav li.sfhover ul ul ul { left: -999em; } #nav li:hover ul, #nav li li:hover ul, #nav li li li:hover ul, #nav li.sfhover ul, #nav li li.sfhover ul, #nav li li li.sfhover ul { left: auto; } #nav li:hover, #nav li.sfhover, { background: #769841; color:#ffe400; } #nav li a:hover, #nav li li a:hover, #nav li:hover li:hover, #nav li.sfhover a:hover { background: #769841; color:#ffe400; }

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