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• Order of execution and style of coding in Python

  - by Jason

  Hi guys. I am new to Python so please don't flame me if the question is too basic :) I have read that Python is executed from top - to - bottom. If this is the case, why do programs go like this: def func2(): def func1(): #call func2() def func() #call func1() if __name__ == '__main__': call func() So from what I have seen, the main function goes at last and the other functions are stacked on top of it. Am I wrong in saying this? If no, why isn't the main function or the function definitions written from top to bottom?

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• it is possible to "group by" without losing the original rows?

  - by toPeerOrNotToPeer

  i have a query like this: ID | name | commentsCount 1 | mysql for dummies | 33 2 | mysql beginners guide | 22 SELECT ..., commentsCount // will return 33 for first row, 22 for second one FROM mycontents WHERE name LIKE "%mysql%" also i want to know the total of comments, of all rows: SELECT ..., SUM(commentsCount) AS commentsCountAggregate // should return 55 FROM mycontents WHERE name LIKE "%mysql%" but this one obviously returns a single row with the total. now i want to merge these two queries in one single only, because my actual query is very heavy to execute (it uses boolean full text search, substring offset search, and sadly lot more), then i don't want to execute it twice is there a way to get the total of comments without making the SELECT twice? !! custom functions are welcome !! also variable usage is welcome, i never used them...

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• Is there any declare for toggle() that if its open do this, closed to that?

  - by Dejan.S

  Im doing some jquery stuff with toggle(), I'm doing different actions depending on if the current div is closing or showing, i know i can easy check if a div hasClass() or is(':visible') for what i want to do, but I'm thinking maybe there is somehow that i can reduce the amount of code or just do it more efficient? like declare the toggle() with two functions that this is for when its showing and this is for when its closing, is this possible? hope you get what i mean? like this, or check a jsfiddle $('#click_me').on('click', function() { $('#contain').toogle('blind', 300, function (){ alert('open'); }, function (){ alert('close'); }); });

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• How to define a new type (class) in Python using C API?

  - by ~mech

  Hi, I am trying to use the Python C API to define a new class inside a module that would expose certain functionality written in C to Python code. I specifically want to have it in the form of a class and not a set of module functions. However, I can't find anything regarding this particular task in the official documentation. The closest I could find is PyClass_New function (in the Python.h header) but it is not mentioned anywhere in the official docs, so I assume it is not supposed to be used. So, what is the proper way to define a new Python class from C code? Thanks.

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• Possible to exclude or reorder a column from `*` ?

  - by Earlz

  Is it possible to exclude a column from a select * from table statement with SQL Server? I have a need for this and this is my only option other than parsing a raw SQL string to get out the required field names (I really don't want to do that). Just to be bold. When the query is made I do not have access to the list of fields needed from the table but I do know which field I do not need. This is part of a complex multi-part query. Surely there must be some way even if it's "hackish" such as using table variables or views My other option is to reorder the columns. My problem is with ExecuteScalar SQL functions which get the first row and first column.

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• Assign grid.arrange to object

  - by Tyler Rinker

  I want to arrange plots with grid.arrange to make more complex coplots and then use grid.arrange to combine these complex coplots. I am using the following solution (http://stackoverflow.com/a/13295880/1000343) in this task to arrange mutliple plots and ensure they have equal widths. Here is a demo of the code: library(ggplot2); library(gridExtra) gA <- ggplotGrob(A) gB <- ggplotGrob(B) maxWidth = grid::unit.pmax(gA$widths[2:5], gB$widths[2:5]) gA$widths[2:5] <- as.list(maxWidth) gB$widths[2:5] <- as.list(maxWidth) x <- grid.arrange(gA, gB, ncol=1) y <- grid.arrange(gA, gB, ncol=1) grid.arrange(x, y, ncol=2) To be clear in my case x and y are slightly different plots with different values. I know grid.arrange isn't returning the plot as other grid based functions.

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• New form on a different thread

  - by Dan

  So I have a thread in my application, which purpose is to listen to messages from the server and act according to what it recieves. I ran into a problem when I wanted to fire off a message from the server, that when the client app recieves it, the client app would open up a new form. However this new form just freezes instantly. I think what's happening is that the new form is loaded up on the same thread as the thread listening to the server, which of course is busy listening on the stream, in turn blocking the thread. Normally, for my other functions in the clients listening thread, I'd use invokes to update the UI of the main form, so I guess what I'm asking for is if here's a way to invoke a new form on the main form.

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• printf'ing a matrix

  - by Flavius

  I'm trying to implement an all-purpose function for printing 2D data. What I've come up with is: int mprintf(FILE* f, char* fmt, void** data, size_t cols, size_t rows) The challenge is determining how many bits to read at once from data, based on fmt. The format fmt is going to be the stdlib's-specific format for printf() and alike. Do you have any knowledge of already-existing features from stdlibc (GNU GCC C's) I could use to ease this up? I try avoiding having to do it all manually, because I know "I am stupid" (I don't want to introduce stupid bugs). Thus, reusing code would be the bug-freest way. Thanks Addendum I see there's a /usr/include/printf.h. Can't I use any of those functions to do it right and ease my job at the same time?

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• Why does the assignment operator return a value and not a reference?

  - by Nick Lowman

  I saw the example below explained on this site and thought both answers would be 20 and not the 10 that is returned. He wrote that both the comma and assignment returns a value, not a reference. I don't quite understand what that means. I understand it in relation to passing variables into functions or methods i.e primitive types are passed in by value and objects by reference but I'm not sure how it applies in this case. I also understand about context and the value of 'this' (after help from stackoverflow) but I thought in both cases I would still be invoking it as a method, foo.bar() which would mean foo is the context but it seems both result in a function call bar(). Why is that and what does it all mean? var x = 10; var foo = { x: 20, bar: function () {return this.x;} }; (foo.bar = foo.bar)();//returns 10 (foo.bar, foo.bar)();//returns 10

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• Can I replace a method on a jQuery UI object? How?

  - by Cheeso

  If I want to tweak some of the capability of a jQuery UI object, by replacing one of the functions, how would I go about doing that? Example: suppose I wanted to modify the way the jQuery autocomplete widget rendered the suggestions. There's a method on the autocomplete object that looks like this: _renderItem: function( ul, item) { return $( "<li></li>" ) .data( "item.autocomplete", item ) .append( "<a>" + item.label + "</a>" ) .appendTo( ul ); }, Could I replace this? How? What syntax would I use?

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• writing structs and classes to disk

  - by Phenom

  The following function writes a struct to a file. int btwrite(short rrn, BTPAGE *page_ptr) { long addr; addr = (long) rrn * (long) PAGESIZE + HEADERSIZE; lseek(btfd, addr, 0); return (write(btfd, page_ptr, PAGESIZE)); } The following is the struct. typedef struct { short keycount; /* number of keys in page */ int key[MAXKEYS]; /* the actual keys */ int value[MAXKEYS]; /* the actual values */ short child[MAXKEYS+1]; /* ptrs to rrns of descendants */ } BTPAGE; What would happen if I changed the struct to a class, would it still work the same? If I added class functions, would the size it takes up on disk increase?

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• is there a flag "M_FAST" in FreeBSD kernel for Malloc Call ?

  - by KaluSingh Gabbar

  if you know there is one, can you let me know what its for ? if not please say so : ) thanks. Signature : void * malloc(unsigned long size, struct malloc_type type, int flags); for example. other flags are... M_ZERO Causes the allocated memory to be set to all zeros. M_WAITOK Indicates that it is OK to wait for resources. If the request cannot be immediately fulfilled, the current process is put to sleep to wait for resources to be released by other processes. The malloc(), realloc(), and reallocf() functions cannot return NULL if M_WAITOK is specified.** This is the root of my confusion EDIT: The clarification for M_FAST is made in my answer below.

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• Jquery - How to make $.post() use contentType=application/json?

  - by JK

  I've noticed that when using $.post() in jquery that the default contentType is application/x-www-form-urlencoded - when my asp.net mvc code needs to have contentType=application/json (See this question for why I must use application/json: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2792603/aspnet-mvc-why-is-modelstate-isvalid-false-the-x-field-is-required-when-that) How can I make $.post() send contentType=application/json? I already have a large number of $.post() functions, so I don't want to change to $.ajax() because it would take too much time If I try $.post(url, data, function(), "json") It still has contentType=application/x-www-form-urlencoded. So what exactly does the "json" param do if it does not change the contenttype to json? If I try $.ajaxSetup({ contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" }); That works but affects every single $.get and $.post that I have and causes some to break. So is there some way that I can change the behavior of $.post() to send contentType=application/json?

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• Searching for range overlaps in Ruby hashes

  - by mbm

  Say you have the following Ruby hash, hash = {:a => [[1, 100..300], [2, 200..300]], :b => [[1, 100..300], [2, 301..400]] } and the following functions, def overlaps?(range, range2) range.include?(range2.begin) || range2.include?(range.begin) end def any_overlaps?(ranges) # This calls to_proc on the symbol object; it's syntactically equivalent to # ranges.sort_by {|r| r.begin} ranges.sort_by(&:begin).each_cons(2).any? do |r1, r2| overlaps?(r1, r2) end end and it's your desire to, for each key in hash, test whether any range overlaps with any other. In hash above, I would expect hash[:a] to make me mad and hash[:b] to not. How is this best implemented syntactically?

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• time(NULL) returning different time

  - by cornerback84

  I am trying to get current time in C using time_t current_time = time(NULL). As I understand, it would return me the current time of system. I am later trying to convert it into GMT time using struct tm* gmt = gmtime(&current_time). I print both times using ctime() and asctime() functions. The current time on my system is GMT + 1. But gmtime() returns me the same time as current_time is. I could not understand why gmtime() is returning me same time. Any help will be appreciated.

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• undefined reference to "func" when complied with GCC

  - by hotlemontea

  I implement a link list in two files in linklist.h and linklist.c, and I call some functions defined in linklist.h in main function of main.c. linklist.h is included in both linklist.c and main.c. When I compile this program by GCC with Makefile, the error named "undefined reference to xxx" occurs. I think my Makefile is written correctly as below. So what is the possible reason for this linking error CC=gcc CFLAGS= -g -O2 TARGET=target OBJECTS=main.o linklist.o TARGET: $(OBJECTS) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) -o $(TARGET) clean: rm target $(OBJECTS) main.o:linklist.h linklist.o:linklist.h

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• Confused as to why my PHP include isn't working

  - by Sam

  I had a prototype of my website working correctly, meaning it connected to the database correctly. This was done with just one file called "connect.php" which had mysql_connect() and such inside it. I then separated the connect information into to separate files, one containing the account information (account.php) and one containing the connect function (connect.php), with correct information (I triple checked) and it isn't connecting properly. All I can think of is that I'm not including it the right way. This is what I have in a file: <?php include('account.php'); include('connect.php'); include('functions.php'); ..... ?>

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• JclLastExceptStackListToStrings produces an empty string list

  - by Max

  I've installed JCL into Delphi 2010. In the following code try raise Exception.Create('Error Message'); except on E: Exception do begin ResultStatus := JclLastExceptStackListToStrings(sl, True, True, True, True); end; end; Also I have this call in the initialization section: initialization JclStartExceptionTracking; ResultStatus is false and sl is empty. I have set options to generate map and .jdbg files. Other functions, like ProcByLevel work fine. Is there something else I need to do to make JclLastExceptStackListToStrings work? From JclDebug.pas file: Last modified: $Date:: 2010-09-07 19:43:19 +0200 (mar., 07 sept. 2010) Revision: $Rev:: 3331

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• why include() don't allow to work setcookie?

  - by Syom

  i need to set cookies in my page, but it returns Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home1/bsam/public_html/24kadr/index.php:1) in /home1/bsam/public_html/24kadr/basic_login.php on line 35 on line 1 i have include 'basic_login.php'; but even if i remoove include, ir returns the same warning on session_start, or mysql_connect. so i think these all functions use header when calling, but what can i do? at least i need to connect to database, and just after it i need to use setcookie(). so what can i do? thanks

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• Looking for a standard way to manage documents in a WPF application

  - by user322383

  Hi! I'm writing a WPF application that uses one document at a time. Is there any standard way to implement the management of the current document? What I mean are the following functions: New document: if there are not saved changes in the current document, a dialog box opens ('Do you want to save changes to {0}?') with Yes/No/Cancel buttons. If Cancel is hit, the operation stops. Open document: same dialog box as at new document, and an Open dialog opens after Save document: if the current document hasn't been saved, a Save dialog opens Save as: you can imagine... So, is there anything standard in the .NET framework like this or do I have to manually implement it?

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• Loading jQuery gallery after the Ajax call

  - by TiiMoo

  I am trying to put a jQuery gallery after the Ajax call. On my main site, I create a div which wrap the main content (e.g site_content). When users click on one of the hyperlink on the main page, the "site_content" will get updated and display other content which is saved at other HTML file and I am using AJAX to avoid the whole page refresh. However I having a problem of running the JavaScript/jQuery gallery because the JavaScript won't work after the AJAX call. I understand that because the browser does not know there will be some functions to call after the content (from the other HTML file) is successfully displayed. I tried to use the jQuery getScript method but it is still not working. Could anyone give me some ideas how can I run the javaScript/jQuery gallery after the AJAX call? Thanks

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• How to call C++ function from C?

  - by claws

  I know this. Calling C function from C++: If my application was in C++ and I had to call functions from a library written in C. Then I would have used //main.cpp extern "C" void C_library_function(int x, int y);//prototype C_library_function(2,4);// directly using it. This wouldn't mangle the name C_library_function and linker would find the same name in its input *.lib files and problem is solved. Calling C++ function from C??? But here I'm extending a large application which is written in C and I need to use a library which is written in C++. Name mangling of C++ is causing trouble here. Linker is complaining about the unresolved symbols. Well I cannot use C++ compiler over my C project because thats breaking lot of other stuff. What is the way out? By the way I'm using MSVC

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• how to use replace_regex_copy() from boost::algorithm library?

  - by Vincenzo

  This is my code: #include <string> #include <boost/algorithm/string/regex.hpp> string f(const string& s) { using namespace boost::algorithm; return replace_regex_copy(s, "\\w", "?"); } This is what compiler says: no matching function for call to ‘replace_regex_copy(const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, std::string, std::string) The link to the library: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_43_0/doc/html/boost/algorithm/replace_regex_copy.html Could anyone please help? Thanks! ps. Boost library is in place, since other functions from it work fine.

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• Is PThread a good choice for multi-platorm C/C++ multi-threading program?

  - by RogerV

  Been doing mostly Java and smattering of .NET for last five years and haven't written any significant C or C++ during that time. So have been away from that scene for a while. If I want to write a C or C++ program today that does some multi-threading and is source code portable across Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux/Unix - is PThread a good choice? The C or C++ code won't be doing any GUI, so won't need to worry with any of that. For the Windows platform, I don't want to bring a lot of Unix baggage, though, in terms of unix emulation runtime libraries. Would prefer a PThread API for Windows that is a thin-as-possible wrapper over existing Windows threading APIs. ADDENDUM EDIT: Am leaning toward going with boost:thread - I also want to be able to use C++ try/catch exception handling too. And even though my program will be rather minimal and not particularly OOPish, I like to encapsulate using class and namespace - as opposed to C disembodied functions.

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• I have some basic questions setting up a PHP daemon

  - by mike

  I will be writing my first daemon in php and I have a couple really basic questions that I need help with. 1) What packages need to be installed on my linux server and Does anything in PHP need to be enabled? So far I have gotten this - http://pear.php.net/package/System_Daemon/download 2) Where on server do I save my daemon files? 3) I have a number of files that need to be included within the daemon that contain classes and functions for gathering emails and attachments through IMAP. All of these files are currently in my web public directory, how do I include these files within my daemon? I think that is everything I need to get started. Thanks so much!

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