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• Automate RAC Cluster Upgrades using EM12c

  - by HariSrinivasan

  One of the most arduous processes  in DB maintenance is upgrading Databases across major versions, especially for complex RAC Clusters.With the release of Database Plug-in  (12.1.0.5.0), EM12c Rel 3 (12.1.0.3.0)  now supports automated upgrading of RAC Clusters in addition to Standalone Databases. This automation includes: Upgrade of the complete Cluster across the nodes. ( Example: 11.1.0.7 CRS, ASM, RAC DB  ->   11.2.0.4 or 12.1.0.1 GI, RAC DB)  Best practices in tune with your operations, where you can automate upgrade in steps: Step 1: Upgrade the Clusterware to Grid Infrastructure (Allowing you to wait, test and then move to DBs). Step 2: Upgrade RAC DBs either separately or in group (Mass upgrade of RAC DB's in the cluster). Standard pre-requisite checks like Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) and RAC checks Division of Upgrade process into Non-downtime activities (like laying down the new Oracle Homes (OH), running checks) to Downtime Activities (like Upgrading Clusterware to GI, Upgrading RAC) there by lowering the downtime required. Ability to configure Back up and Restore options as a part of this upgrade process. You can choose to : a. Take Backup via this process (either Guaranteed Restore Point (GRP) or RMAN) b. Set the procedure to pause just before the upgrade step to allow you to take a custom backup c. Ignore backup completely, if there are external mechanisms already in place.  High Level Steps: Select the Procedure "Upgrade Database" from Database Provisioning Home page. Choose the Target Type for upgrade and the Destination version Pick and choose the Cluster, it picks up the complete topology since the clusterware/GI isn't upgraded already Select the Gold Image of the destination version for deploying both the GI and RAC OHs Specify new OH patch, credentials, choose the Restore and Backup options, if required provide additional pre and post scripts Set the Break points in the procedure execution to isolate Downtime activities Submit and track the procedure's execution status.  The animation below captures the steps in the wizard.  For step by step process and to understand the support matrix check this documentation link. Explore the functionality!! In the next blog, will talk about automating rolling Upgrades of Databases in Physical Standby Data Guard environment using Transient Logical Standby.

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• Is it good to review programs with seniors and boss even if it is working fine?

  - by Himanshu

  In my company, before delivery of any project, my boss asks my seniors to review programs written by me or other team members or sometimes boss also sits with us for review. I think it is a good way of getting knowledge, but sometimes when programs are working fine, they don't work same after review and I need to look again into my program. They says that review helps to optimize program and query execution, but can we prefer optimization over actual functioning of program?

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• Upcoming events : Hotsos Symposium 2011

  - by Maria Colgan

  This year for the first time, I will present at the Hotsos Symposium in Dallas Texas, March 7 - 9. I will present on two topics Top tips for Optimal SQL Execution and Implement Best Practices for Extreme Performance with Oracle Data Warehousing. I am really looking forward to attending some excellent sessions at the conference from folks like Tom Kyte, Cary Millsap, Doug Burns, and Dan Fink. Hope to see you there!

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• Microsoft leader des plateformes d'Informatique Décisionnelle d'après Gartner

  Microsoft leader des plateformes d'Informatique Décisionnelle d'après Gartner Le cabinet Gartner vient de publier son rapport annuel sur « le Carré Magique des Plateformes de l'Informatique Décisionnelle ». Conclusion, Microsoft conforte sa position de leader dans le domaine. Microsoft Business Intelligence est une gamme d'outils décisionnels « complète pour les collaborateurs, les équipes et les entreprises, afin d'améliorer les processus de prise de décision », explique Microsoft. En plus de figurer dans le carré des leaders depuis quelques années, Microsoft se distingue dans l'indice « capacité d'exécution » où l'éditeur surpasse ses concurrents Oracle, Mi...

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• Is it okay to call exception-triggered debugging "post-mortem debugging"?

  - by cool-RR

  I heard the term "post-mortem debugging", and Wikipedia says it's debugging done after the program has crashed. I often debug Python apps using a debugger that stops execution once an important-enough exception has been raised. Then I can use the debug probe to investigate. Does this count as "post-mortem debugging"? Because the program doesn't really crash. EDIT: If the answer is no, then what name would you use for the kind of debugging that I described?

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• Blogging locally and globally–my experience

  - by DigiMortal

  In Baltic MVP Summit 2011 there was discussion about having two blogs - one for local and another for global audience – and how to publish once written information in these blogs. There are many ways how to optimize your blogging activities if you have more than one audience and here you can find my experiences, best practices and advices about this topic. My two blogs I have to working blogs: this one here technology and programming blog for local market My local blog is almost five years old and it makes it one of the oldest company blogs in Estonia. It is still active and I write there as much as I have time for it. This blog here is active since September 2007, so it is about 3.5 years old right now. Both of these blogs are  my major hits in my MVP carrier and they have very good web statistics too. My local blog My local blog is about programming, web and technology. It has way wider target audience then this blog here has. By example, in my local blog I blog also about local events, cool new concept phones, different webs providing some interesting services etc. But local guys can find there also my postings about how to solve one or another programming problem and postings about Microsoft technologies I am playing with. This far my local blog has a lot of readers for such a small country that Estonia is. This blog has made me a lot of cool contacts and I have had there a lot of interesting discussions about different technical topics. Why I started this blog? Living in small country is different than living in big country. In small country you have less people and therefore smaller audience so you have to target more than one technical topic to find enough readers. In a same time you are still interested in your main topics and you want to reach to more people who are sharing same interests with you. Practically one day y will grow out from local market and you go global. This is how this blog was born. Was it worth to create, promote and mess with it? Every second I have put on my time to this blog has been worth of it. Thanks to this blog I have found new good friends and without them I think it is more boring to work on different problems and solutions. Defining target audiences One thing you should always do when having more than one blog is defining target audiences. If you are just technomaniac interested in sharing your stuff and make some new friends and have something to write to your MVP nomination form then you don’t have to go through complex targeting process. You can do it simple way and same effectively. Here is how I defined target audiences to my blogs: local blog – reader of my local blog is IT professional, software developer, technology innovator or just some guy who is interested in technology,   this blog – reader of this blog is experienced professional software developer who works on Microsoft technologies or software developer who is open minded and open to new technologies and interesting solutions to development problems. You can see how local blog – due to small market with less people – has wider definition for audience while this blog is heavily targeted to Microsoft technologies and specially to software development. On practical side these decisions are also made well I think because it is very hard to build up popular common IT blog. On global level it is better to target some specific niche and find readers who are professionals on your favorite topics. Thanks to this blog I have found new friends who are professional developers and I am very happy about all the discussions I have had with them. Publishing content to different blogs My local blog and this blog have some overlapping topics like .NET, databases and SEO. Due to this overlapping there is question: when I write posting to my local blog then should I have to publish same thing in my global blog? And if I write something to my global blog then should I publish same thing also in my local blog? Well, it really depends on the definition of your target audiences. If they match then of course it is good idea to translate you post and publish it also to another blog. But if you have different audiences then you may need to modify your posting before publishing it. The questions you have to answer are: is target audience interested in this topic? is target audience expecting more specific and deeper handling of this topic or are they expecting more general handling of topic? is the problem you are discussing actual for target audience or not? You have to answer these questions and after that make your decision. If you need to modify your original posting then take some time and do it. Provide quality to all your readers because they will respect you if you respect them. Cross-posting and referencing It is tempting to save time that preparing some blog post takes and if you have are done with posting in one blog it may seem like good idea to make short posting to another blog and add reference to first one where topic is discussed longer. Well, don’t do it – all your readers expect good quality content from you and jumping from one blog post to another is disturbing for them. Of course, there is problem with differences between target audiences. You may have wider target audience and some people may be interested in more specific handling of topic. In this case feel free to refer your blog you are writing in english. This is not working very well in opposite direction because almost all my global blog readers understand english but not estonian. By example, estonian language is complex one and online translating tools make very poor translations from estonian language. This is why I don’t even plan to publish postings here that refer to my local blog for more information. I am keeping these two blogs as two different worlds and if there is posting that fits well to both blogs I will write my posting to one blog and then answer previous three questions before posting same thing to another blog. Conclusion Growing out of your local market is not anything mysterious if you are living in small country. As it is harder to find people there who are interested in same topics with you then sooner or later you will start finding these new contacts from global audience. Global audience is bigger and to be visible there you must provide high quality content to your audience. It is something you will learn over time and you will learn every day something new when you are posting to your global blog. You may ask: if global blog is much more complex thing to do then is it worth to do at all? My answer is: yes, do it for sure. It is not easy thing to do when you start but if you work on your global blog and improve it over time you will get over all obstacles pretty soon. Just don’t forget one thing – content is king and your readers expect high quality from you.

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• La préversion du pilote ODBC SQL Server pour Linux disponible, avec des outils pour SQLCMD et pour importer et exporter des données

  La préversion du pilote ODBC SQL Server pour Linux disponible avec des outils pour importer, exporter des données et exécuter des requêtes et scripts Comme l'avait annoncé Microsoft lors de son salon Pass Summit 2011, la préversion (CTP1) de son pilote ODBC (Open Database Connectity) SQL Server pour les systèmes d'exploitation Linux est disponible. Ce driver devrait permettre aux développeurs C et C++ de se connecter à SQL Server à partir des plateformes Linux et fournir un mécanisme pour que les applications et bibliothèques d'exécution (runtimes) puissent accéder à SQL Server. Pour l'instant, cett...

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• Make pygame's frame rate faster

  - by Smashery

  By profiling my game, I see that the vast majority of the execution time of my hobby game is between the blit and the flip calls. Currently, it's only running at around 13fps. My video card is fairly decent, so my guess is that pygame is not using it. Does anyone know of any graphics/display options I need to set in pygame to make this faster? Or is this just something that I have to live with since I've chosen pygame?

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• Grid Computing Simplified: Accelerating Sequential Processes Using XGE

  Many routine processes like unit-test scripts, builds and others still take an unreasonably long time to execute. This article describes how to speed up execution of complex builds, scripts and custom applications by converting them into distributed, parallel processes

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• Watch an End to End Value Chain Demo

  - by Pam Petropoulos

  Ever wonder how Oracle’s Value Chain solutions can deliver end to end value? Check out this demo video which outlines how Oracle solutions can improve business processes from product development through planning and across logistics for flawless execution. Click here to watch the video.     Click here to learn more about Oracle Supply Chain Management solutions.  

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• How are Reads Distributed in a Workload

  - by Bill Graziano

  People have uploaded nearly one millions rows of trace data to TraceTune.  That’s enough data to start to look at the results in aggregate.  The first thing I want to look at is logical reads.  This is the easiest metric to identify and fix. When you upload a trace, I rank each statement based on the total number of logical reads.  I also calculate each statement’s percentage of the total logical reads.  I do the same thing for CPU, duration and logical writes.  When you view a statement you can see all the details like this: This single statement consumed 61.4% of the total logical reads on the system while we were tracing it.  I also wanted to see the distribution of reads across statements.  That graph looks like this: On average, the highest ranked statement consumed just under 50% of the reads on the system.  When I tune a system, I’m usually starting in one of two modes: this “piece” is slow or the whole system is slow.  If a given piece (screen, report, query, etc.) is slow you can usually find the specific statements behind it and tune it.  You can make that individual piece faster but you may not affect the whole system. When you’re trying to speed up an entire server you need to identity those queries that are using the most disk resources in aggregate.  Fixing those will make them faster and it will leave more disk throughput for the rest of the queries. Here are some of the things I’ve learned querying this data: The highest ranked query averages just under 50% of the total reads on the system. The top 3 ranked queries average 73% of the total reads on the system. The top 10 ranked queries average 91% of the total reads on the system. Remember these are averages across all the traces that have been uploaded.  And I’m guessing that people mainly upload traces where there are performance problems so your mileage may vary. I also learned that slow queries aren’t the problem.  Before I wrote ClearTrace I used to identify queries by filtering on high logical reads using Profiler.  That picked out individual queries but those rarely ran often enough to put a large load on the system. If you look at the execution count by rank you’d see that the highest ranked queries also have the highest execution counts.  The graph would look very similar to the one above but flatter.  These queries don’t look that bad individually but run so often that they hog the disk capacity. The take away from all this is that you really should be tuning the top 10 queries if you want to make your system faster.  Tuning individually slow queries will help those specific queries but won’t have much impact on the system as a whole.

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• What standards to use in Business Process Modelling?

  - by user1268690

  There are several approaches on how to model a business process in software applications (BPM software). For instance, a processes can be described in BPMN, EPC, IDEF0, SOMF, etc. Additionally, different process execution languages such as BPEL, RPC, Wf-XML are available. If I were to develop software for the BPM-market, which standards should I implement or focus on? Which standards are most suitable if my BPM software was going to be implemented in my client's IT-System?

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• Event Driven Behavior Tree: deterministic traversal order with parallel

  - by Heisenbug

  I've studied several articles and listen some talks about behavior trees (mostly the resources available on AIGameDev by Alex J. Champandard). I'm particularly interested on event driven behavior trees, but I have still some doubts on how to implement them correctly using a scheduler. Just a quick recap: Standard Behavior Tree Each execution tick the tree is traversed from the root in depth-first order The execution order is implicitly expressed by the tree structure. So in the case of behaviors parented to a parallel node, even if both children are executed during the same traversing, the first leaf is always evaluated first. Event Driven BT During the first traversal the nodes (tasks) are enqueued using a scheduler which is responsible for updating only running ones every update The first traversal implicitly produce a depth-first ordered queue in the scheduler Non leaf nodes stays suspended mostly of the time. When a leaf node terminate(either with success or fail status) the parent (observer) is waked up allowing the tree traversing to continue and new tasks will be enqueued in the scheduler Without parallel nodes in the tree there will be up to 1 task running in the scheduler Without parallel nodes, the tasks in the queue(excluding dynamic priority implementation) will be always ordered in a depth-first order (is this right?) Now, from what is my understanding of a possible implementation, there are 2 requirements I think must be respected(I'm not sure though): Now, some requirements I think needs to be guaranteed by a correct implementation are: The result of the traversing should be independent from which implementation strategy is used. The traversing result must be deterministic. I'm struggling trying to guarantee both in the case of parallel nodes. Here's an example: Parallel_1 -->Sequence_1 ---->leaf_A ---->leaf_B -->leaf_C Considering a FIFO policy of the scheduler, before leaf_A node terminates the tasks in the scheduler are: P1(suspended),S1(suspended),leaf_A(running),leaf_C(running) When leaf_A terminate leaf_B will be scheduled (at the end of the queue), so the queue will become: P1(suspended),S1(suspended),leaf_C(running),leaf_B(running) In this case leaf_B will be executed after leaf_C at every update, meanwhile with a non event-driven traversing from the root node, the leaf_B will always be evaluated before leaf_A. So I have a couple of question: do I have understand correctly how event driven BT work? How can I guarantee the depth first order is respected with such an implementation? is this a common issue or am I missing something?

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• What is SOA ?

  - by llaszews

  First, let’s mention what SOA is not: • SOA is not the same thing as web services. Web Services implies the use of standard such as Java/JAX-RPC, .NET or REST. Web Services also implies the use of a WSDL, SOAP, and/or J2EE Connector Architecture (J2EE CA) and HTTP. SOA architectures can be implemented using J2EE CA, XML file transfer or Remote Procedural Call (RPC) over File Transfer Protocol (FTP), TCP/IP, Remote Method Invocation (RMI) or other protocols. In other words, Web Services are a very specific set of technologies. SOA is a concept and can be implemented in many different ways. Some very rudimentary, such as transfering flat files between applications. • SOA will not solve all of your problems. It will make your business more agile, increase business visibility, reduce integration costs and provide better reuse. However, if you don’t need help in these area or expect SOA to cure all of your IT problems, you are looking in the wrong place. • The concepts behind SOA are not new, but SOA is also not mature. SOA as it stands today has really only been around for 5 years. The concepts of standards based protocol handlers, predefined communication schemas and remote method invocation have been around for decades. So, what is SOA? SOA is an architectural blueprint, a way of developing applications, and a set of best practices. SOA is not an ‘out of the box’ solution you buy, install and then have up and running in a matter of months. SOA is a journey to a better way of doing business and the technology architecture to support this better way of doing business. SOA is also a broader set of technologies including more then just web services. Techologies like an Enterpirse Service Bus (ESB), Business Processs Execution Language (BPEL), message queues and Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) all are part of a SOA architecture. So, what is SOA? SOA is an architectural blueprint, a way of developing applications, and a set of best practices. SOA is not an ‘out of the box’ solution you buy, install and then have up and running in a matter of months. SOA is a journey to a better way of doing business and the technology architecture to support this better way of doing business. SOA is also a broader set of technologies including more then just web services. Techologies like an Enterpirse Service Bus (ESB), Business Processs Execution Language (BPEL), message queues and Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) all are part of a SOA architecture. Read more here: Oracle Modernization Solutions

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• SQL Saturday 194 - Exeter

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  Many kudos goes to Jonathan and Annette Allen and the others on the team for confirming SQL Saturday 194 in Exeter on the 8th and 9th of March.  The event home page is here http://www.sqlsaturday.com/194/eventhome.aspx and I delighted that myself and Dave Morrison will be presenting a full day pre-con on the 8th on favourite subjects “TSQL and Internals”. Here is the full abstract : TSQL and internals - When faced with performance issues there are many lines of attack. Tuning the engine itself can get you so far, however for maximum effect you need to understand how the engine and how it translates SQL statements into performable actions. This is not a simple task, it is a massive task to deal with a multi-table join and the number of permutations can be immense. To back up this knowledge, we can create better performing TSQL and understand the impact that is has upon the engine and recognize the pitfalls and gotcha’s that exist in SQLServer. Ultimately, there is no ‘best way’ to perform a single task only many variations of ‘it depends’ , but now we can pick the most appropriate option for the required dataload. Over the years, there have been many myths and misconceptions have grown around the product, some have basis in older versions and some are just wrong. Continuing to build on the knowledge given so far these issue will be explored and broken down and proved or disproved. Finally we will look to the future and explore SQL Server 2012 and the new functionality that that brings and some of the common uses that we will be able to address. After completion of this days pre-con, attendees will have a more complete knowledge of execution plans, and how they relate to the physical and logical actions that SQLServer will be executing on their behalf. The attendees will also have a more rounded and fuller knowledge of TSQL and the implications of incorrectly defining a query. Dave is a fountain of knowledge on execution plans and optimizer internals and ,though i may flatter myself, I’m no shrinking violet when it comes to TSQL and such matters.  I hope that if you cant join us, then there are other pre-cons available from other experts in their fields that may ‘float you boat’ too.  The pre-con page is http://sqlsouthwest.co.uk/SQLSaturday_precon.htm Also, excitingly, this pre-con day is sponsored by Fusion-IO which is a great boon for the day. If you want a more of this then i am offering a 2 day TSQL course starting on the 19th of March. More details on this are available here

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• Stairway to SQLCLR Level 3: Security (General and SAFE Assemblies)

  In the third level of our Stairway to SQLCLR, we look at the various mechanisms in place to help us control Security. In this Level we will focus on SAFE mode and see how secure SQLCLR is by default. Free eBook - Performance Tuning with DMVsThis free eBook provides you with the core techniques and scripts to monitor your query execution, index usage, session and transaction activity, disk IO, and more. Download the free eBook.

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• Making the Move to PeopleSoft Projects (ESA) 9.1

  The PeopleSoft Projects (ESA) 9.1 release is built to enable the successful selection and execution of projects. With distinct attention to both user and IT productivity, PeopleSoft Projects 9.1 unveils a new Web 2.0 user interface, facilities to enable rapid business process re-configuration, and tools to strengthen project governance. Join us to hear more about these topics and the industry-specific functionality that are compelling customers to make the move to PeopleSoft Projects 9.1.

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• SSIS Dashboard 0.5.2 and Live Demo Website

  - by Davide Mauri

  In the last days I’ve worked again on the SQL Server Integration Service Dashboard and I did some updates: Beta Added support for "*" wildcard in project names. Now you can filter a specific project name using an url like: http://<yourserver>/project/MyPro* Added initial support for Package Execution History. Just click on a package name and you'll see its latest 15 executions and I’ve also created a live demo website for all those who want to give it a try before downloading and using it: http://ssis-dashboard.azurewebsites.net/

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• Google I/O 2012 - Go Concurrency Patterns

  Google I/O 2012 - Go Concurrency Patterns Rob Pike Concurrency is the key to designing high performance network services. Go's concurrency primitives (goroutines and channels) provide a simple and efficient means of expressing concurrent execution. In this talk we see how tricky concurrency problems can be solved gracefully with simple Go code. For all I/O 2012 sessions, go to developers.google.com From: GoogleDevelopers Views: 169 2 ratings Time: 51:27 More in Science & Technology

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• Organizing single page code well with Notepad++

  - by Hudson

  I've a c# file that will contain, most likely 10,000+ lines of code. I'd like to break this file into tabbed segments, so I can organize each method into a certain tab and label the tab something like : initial setup, helper functions,execution logic,list structures,global variables, etc. If I were using PHP I would have separate files and use include(); to include the separate files. What can be done, following the same style, with c#?

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• Improved Maven Embedded GlassFish - deploy multiple apps

  - by alexismp

  Bhavani has some new over at java.net about the Maven Plugin for GlassFish and how it now supports the ability to deploy multiple applications. He also has a Tips, Tricks and Troubleshooting entry. Multiple deployments are done during the Maven pre-integration-test phase but with a goal-specific configuration for app, contextRoot, etc... The :run (all-in-one) execution also now supports admin and deploy goals. Note that these improvements will require a recent work-in-progress 4.0 version of GlassFish.

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• Spring AOP advice order

  - by Chetter Hummin

  In Spring AOP, I can add an aspect at the following locations before a method executes (using MethodBeforeAdvice) after a method executes (using AfterReturningAdvice) around a method (both before and after a method executes) (using MethodInterceptor) If I have all three types of advice, is the order of execution always as follows? Around (before part) Before Method itself After Around (after part)

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• SQL TuneIn Zagreb 2014 – Session material

  - by Hugo Kornelis

  I spent the last few days in Zagreb, Croatie, at the third edition of the SQL TuneIn conference , and I had a very good time here. Nice company, good sessions, and awesome audiences. I presented my “Understanding Execution Plans” precon to a small but interested audience on Monday. Participants have received a download link for the slide deck. On Tuesday I had a larger crowd for my session on cardinality estimation. The slide deck and demo code used for that presentation will be available through...(read more)

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• Téléchargez gratuitement la suite LEONARDI V8.2, l'environnement open-source pour les applications métier

  Téléchargez gratuitement la suite LEONARDI V8.2 L'environnement open-source pour les applications métier LEONARDI est une suite logicielle complète, composée d'un atelier de conception graphique et d'un moteur d'exécution. Elle permet de créer rapidement et d'exécuter des applications sur mesure, qu'elles soient autonomes ou déployées sur le web. [IMG]http://demo.lyria.com/freeversion/images/leonardi.gif[/IMG] LEONARDI permet aux développeurs de se concentrer sur le fonctionnel métier plutôt que sur la technologie, en procédant d'abord par modélisation et par configuration, puis par programmation Java ciblée quand cela s'avère nécessaire. Le nom...

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• Organization &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 13

  - by MarkPearl

  Learning Outcomes Explain the advantages of using a large number of registers Discuss the way in which compilers optimize register usage Discuss the evolution of CISC machines Describe the characteristics of RISC architecture Discuss the RISC vs. CISC controversy Describe the way in which RISC and CISC design principles can be combined Instruction Execution Characteristics To understand the the line of reasoning of RISC advocates, we need a brief overview of instruction execution characteristics. These include… Operations Operands Procedure Calls These three sections can be studied in depth in the textbook at pages 503 - 505 A number of groups have come up with the conclusion that the attempt to make the instruction set architecture closer to HLLs (High Level Languages) is not the most effective design strategy. Rather HLL’s can be best supported by optimizing performance of the most time-consuming features of typical HLL programs. Generally 3 main characteristics came up to improve performance… Use a large number of registers or use a compiler to optimize register usage Careful attention needs to be paid to the design of instruction pipelines A simplified (reduced) instruction set is indicated The use of a large register optimization One of the most important design principles of RISC machines is the use of a large number of registers. The concept of register windows and the use of a large register file versus the use of cache memory are discussed. On the face of it, the use of a large set of registers should decrease the need to access memory. The design task is to organize the registers in such a fashion that this goal is realized. Read page 507 – 510 for a detailed explanation. Compiler-based register optimization   Reduced Instructions Set Architecture There are two advantages to smaller programs… Because the program takes up less memory, there is a savings in that resource (this was more compelling when memory was more expensive) Smaller programs should improve performance, and this will happen in two ways – fewer instructions means fewer instruction bytes to be fetched and in a paging environment smaller programs occupy fewer pages, reducing page faults. Certain characteristics are common to RISC processors… One instruction per cycle Register-to-register operations Simple addressing modes Simple instruction formats RISC vs. CISC After initial enthusiasm for RISC machines, there has been a growing realization that RISC designs may benefit from the inclusion of some CISC features CISC designs may benefit from the inclusion of some RISC features

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