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• Critical (Unixlike) Distros for Sysadmin Hopefuls to Have Experience With

  - by Interwebs

  Hi All, I'm trying to learn to be a Unix/Linux Sysadmin, and am hoping to get some hands-on experience by setting up a few installs (VMs, old comps, and the like) at home and practicing administering them. I was wondering, in the experience of those on this site, which distros are critical to be comfortable with. Obviously, to a certain extent, they're all similar, but there are substantial enough differences between administering, say, Debian, OpenSolaris, FreeBSD, and CentOS. So, which distros are most important to practice with in your opinion? Which have had most demand/come up most often in actual work situations? Thanks!

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• How to make a secure MongoDB server?

  - by Earlz

  Hello, I'm wanting my website to use MongoDB as it's datastore. I've used MongoDB in my development environment with no worries, but I'm worried about security with a public server. My server is a VPS running Arch Linux. The web application will also be running on it, so it only needs to accept connections from localhost. And no other users(by ssh or otherwise) will have direct access to my server. What should I do to secure my instance of MongoDB?

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• Top causes of slow ssh logins

  - by Peter Lyons

  I'd love for one of you smart and helpful folks to post a list of common causes of delays during an ssh login. Specifically, there are 2 spots where I see a range from instantaneous to multi-second delays. Between issuing the ssh command and getting a login prompt and between entering the passphrase and having the shell load Now, specifically I'm looking at ssh details only here. Obviously network latency, speed of the hardware and OSes involved, complex login scripts, etc can cause delays. For context I ssh to a vast multitude of linux distributions and some Solaris hosts using mostly Ubuntu, CentOS, and MacOS X as my client systems. Almost all of the time, the ssh server configuration is unchanged from the OS's default settings. What ssh server configurations should I be interested in? Are there OS/kernel parameters that can be tuned? Login shell tricks? Etc?

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• What are USB device resets?

  - by ILIV

  I have this brand-new software RAID-1 built with two WD Elements external USB drives, and I can see that Linux repeats the following message quite a bit: ... [302148.036912] usb 1-3.1: reset high-speed USB device number 19 using ehci_hcd [302153.052029] usb 1-3.3: reset high-speed USB device number 20 using ehci_hcd [302186.031481] usb 1-3.3: reset high-speed USB device number 20 using ehci_hcd [302217.050210] usb 1-3.3: reset high-speed USB device number 20 using ehci_hcd [302281.043543] usb 1-3.3: reset high-speed USB device number 20 using ehci_hcd [302312.090158] usb 1-3.3: reset high-speed USB device number 20 using ehci_hcd [302351.076851] usb 1-3.1: reset high-speed USB device number 19 using ehci_hcd ... So, what does it say? Is this normal? Is this a problem that I should try to fix?

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• Enlarge partition on SD card

  - by chenwj

  I have followed Cloning an SD card onto a larger SD card to clone a 2G SD card to a 32G SD card, and the file system is ext4. However, on the 32G SD card I only can see 2G space available. Is there a way to maximize it out? Here is the output of fdisk: Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32026656768 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 30543 cylinders, total 62552064 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e015a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 32 147455 73712 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdb2 147456 3994623 1923584 83 Linux I want to make /dev/sdb2 use up the remaining space. I try resize2fs /dev/sdb after dd, but get message below: $ sudo resize2fs /dev/sdb resize2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. Any idea on what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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• Invalid user names when creating a LDAP account

  - by h1d

  I'm trying to set up a system where a visitor can enter any user name in a form to create a new user and in the end it gets built on LDAP directory and I'm planning that to be mapped as a UNIX account as well (on Ubuntu Linux) by making the system look up for system accounts on the LDAP. Doing so is fine, but I feel that many user names should be avoided, one of the obvious being 'root' and all the other user names taken for daemons etc. How do you tackle at this problem? Do you make up a list of disallowed user names by checking /etc/passwd? I was thinking that if, internally, the user names could be prepended as 'ldap_' or something, it will avoid any naming conflicts but that seems hard when the LDAP entry name is 'joe' but the system account will look like 'ldap_joe'. Not even sure how that can be achieved.

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• Manually forcing TCP connection to retry

  - by Vi

  I have a TCP connection (SSH session to some computer for example) Network suddenly goes down and drops all packets (disconnected cable, out of range). TCP resends packets again and again, retrying with increasing delays. I see the problem and plug the cable back (or restore network somehow). TCP connection finally successfully resends some packet and continues. The problem is that I need to wait for a some timeout on point 5. I want to use my opened SSH session now and not wait for 5-10 seconds until it finds out that connection is working again. How to force all TCP connections to resend data without now in GNU/Linux?

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• What is shrink_slab, and why is it showing up in /var/log/messages?

  - by Steve Kehlet

  I'm investigating some application issues on a Linux system and noticed this around the time of the most recent problem, but not close enough to be definitively related: Jun 7 17:51:49 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-155456000 Jun 7 17:51:49 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-157859400 Jun 7 17:51:49 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-157833400 Jun 8 06:20:23 localhost kernel: shrink_slab: nr=-284172800 What is this? Googling isn't helping, I get that it's something with VM, but why is it suddenly showing up in /var/log/messages? Edit: I take it it's showing this because the number of pages it could free ("nr") is negative. Which is presumably a bad thing. I found patches for newer kernels that display a more useful message to this effect. Still not sure what this means though, or what I need to do about it.

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• Cannot find grldr in all devices

  - by blockhead

  I'm running wubi on XP machine. Started out originally with 8.04, and gradually upgraded to 10.04. Recently, I was creating linux bootable USB drive, and put it in my system to see if it would work. After booting the LiveOS, and rebooting my machine, I know get the error Cannot find grldr in all devices when booting Ubuntu. I don't know what grldr is, but I assume it is the GRUB Loader. Did booting the LiveOS screw with my MBR perhaps? How can I fix this, and if not, is it possible to reinstall wubi, without losing anything of what I have now?

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• asymetric encryption of directory

  - by ftiaronsem

  Hello alltogether Currently I am wondering whether it is possible to apply asymetric encryption of a directory in Linux. I would like to achieve the following: Write log files to /var/log/secret Everything written to /var/log/secret is instantly encrypted by a public RSA key (or something similar) The encryption programms I know, i.e. ecryptfs do not support asymetric encryption of files, at least as far as I know. (Correct me if I am wrong). Therefore I am asking here whether you know of any possibility to implement this. Thanks in advance

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• Cannot access Nagios Web Interface

  - by Dominiqs

  After successfully installing Nagios core 3.4.1 (i also installed plug-in1.4.11) on our linux rhel 5.3 server i cannot login to the nagios web interface.I am running apache 2.2.3 I am using internet explorer 8 and also firefox 3.6.3 When i try to enter the url http//localhost/nagios/ on a desktop (on the same network as the Nagios server)it does seem to like it but if i try http//x.x.x.x/nagios/ (where x.x.x.x is the IP address of my nagios server) it likes it but then the authentication popup appears after entering the password and username(nagiosadmin) it throws the errors below The server x.x.x.x at Nagios access requires a username and password Warning this server is requesting that your username and password be sent in an insecure manner(basic authentication without a secure connection) After a few attempts i get error 401 authentication required error from internet explorer ;this server could not verify that you are authorized to access the document requested. Either you supplied the wrong credentials or your browser doesnt understand how to supply the credentials required. Help Please anyone..seems like an authentication issue

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• How do I get the current date according to an NTP server without setting it locally?

  - by Zac B

  I want to get the current date and time according to a remote NTP server, using Linux. I don't want to change the local time as a result; I just want to get the remote date, adjusted for the local time zone, printed out. The date returned must comply with the following criteria: It needs to be reasonably accurate. It needs to be adjusted for the timezone on the local system making the request. It needs to be formatted in an easily-readable or interpretable way (standard date format, or seconds since epoch). What I've Tried: I can call ntpdate -q my.ntp.server and get the offset between the local time and the server's time, but that doesn't return the date according to the NTP server; it just returns the offset and the local date. Is there some easy way/command I can use to say: "Print out the date according to a given NTP server, adjusted for my current timezone"?

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• who delete my files?

  - by akalter

  I have some linux server. on two of our server we have mysql. we have daily backup on both machine. but the script different. i saw both scripts. on one of them i saw the "delete older files" algorithm, but in the other this is happening but not from the script. i trying to know who dletes my files, because of that i want to use same script on both machine because of that in the script with the deletion i also copy the files to the another server, and i want to do that in both servers. Who have an idea who delete my older backups? Thank you!

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• debian installation without internet connection

  - by Gobliins

  Hi i want to install some Debian distributions (Grip, Crush, Lenny...) for arm / armel architectures. www.emdebian.org/ i refer to this guide www.aurel32.net/info/debian_arm_qemu.php The Problem i have is that i dont have internet connection with My Linux VM or Qemu i am behind a Proxy. I want to know is there a way where i can dl all the needed files and save them to disk that i don´t need an i.c. during the installation? I am working under Windows now. my regards

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• Why is my portable WD MY PASSPORT drive is not recognized?

  - by kloop

  My "MY PASSPORT" (Western Digital) portable drive is not recognized OSx. It used to be recognized, but not anymore. It does not appear in /Volumes. The hard drive is recognized by a Linux machine. I am not sure what happened -- any ideas how to fix that? Thanks. EDIT: ` #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *750.2 GB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD 749.3 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Recovery HD 650.0 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1 1: DOS_FAT_32 MY PASSPORT 1.0 TB disk1s1 `

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• How to batch edit a list of files?

  - by user43144

  I have a list of files where I need to remove some lines that have been added yesterday by a spambot. The section I want to remove looks like this: ^M <script>[...] bunch of malware code [...]</script> That section seems to have been appended to the files, so I can be relatively sure it's the last lines of each file that contain this part. Now I know a bit of Linux, but not enough to do this via a command. How would I go about and do this?

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• Can I split one RAID1 partition in two?

  - by Prosys

  I have a linux box with CentOS 6.2 and a RAID1 (2x 2Tb) configuration: /dev/md1 -> / (10G) /dev/md2 -> /home (1.9T) I want to split the md2 in two different partitions, so I can get the following configuration: /dev/md1 -> / (10G) /dev/md2 -> /home (1T) /dev/md3 -> /example (900G) How can I achieve this? I already know that I can resize the partition, but that doesn't alter the real partition table (only the md device), so how can I do this?

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• How To Check My Current Version of FFMPEG

  - by aamiri

  I have FFMPEG installed on 2 different servers. On one of the servers, i run into an issue every time i try to convert m4v files where ffmpeg just processes the file indefinitely. When I take the same source file and try to run it on the other server it seems to work just fine. Both servers are running the same version of GNU/Linux. Some one suggested i check to see if the same version of ffmpeg is installed on the servers, so my question to you all is, "how do i check my ffmpeg version?" Thanks!

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• writting becomes slow after few writes

  - by user1566277

  I am running an embedded Linux on arm with a SD-Card. While writing huge amounts of data I see bizarre effects. E.g, when I dd a 15 MB file few times, it writes the file (normally) in less than 2 Secs. But After lets say 3-4 times it takes sometimes 15 to 30 Seconds to write the same file. If I sync after writing the file, then this does not happen but sync takes long time too. If there is enough gap between writing two files than presumably kernel syncs itself. How can I optimize the whole performance so that write should always finish inside 2 Seconds. The File system I am using is ext3. Any pointers?

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• Can't access to a iSCSI volume

  - by jmiguel.rodriguez

  I have a iSCSI target on a customer place I'm using from an old Fedora (Core6) server. I configured it and formatted as ext3 (mistake, now I know) and I've been working with it for some time. Now I need to access this volume from other machine. As far as I've read, I can't do it safely from two machines at the same time (yep, that's the first thing I tried). So I've umount it from original server and tried to mount it on the new server (I did it at first with Ubuntu 10 LTS but when I was unable to do it I installed another Fedora with the same configuration) with no success. The problem: I can see all target on NAS but when I do a "fdisk -l" to see all devices and know which mount I see all targets as SFS filesystem. From the original server I see all SFS (after all, they belong to my customer and don't know what he have in) except the one I manage which I see as 'Linux'. What can I do? Thank you in advanced, regards, jmiguel

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• How do I bridge connections in Debian?

  - by Josh

  In windows I can select Local Area Connection and Wireless Network Connection, right click and select Bridge Connections How can I achieve the same effect in Linux? (Debian to be exact) Pretty much I want Computer B to connect to Computer A via ethernet cable. Well Computer A is connected wirelessly. Allowing Computer B to get on the internet. == UPDATE == I've enabled IP forwarding and used the following iptables command: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE I'm still unable to access the internet from Computer B though.

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• Get name (address) of computer from which from which SSH login was made.

  - by amicitas

  After logging onto a linux machine via SSH, I would like to be able to retrieve the name of the computer from which the connection was made. Ideally I am looking for some command like hostname or uname but that would retrieve the name of the client instead of the host. This information must be accessible somewhere, since when I log on I get a message that contains the clinent name from the last login: Last login: Thu Mar 11 18:42:01 2010 from my.address.com The reason for wanting to do this is to be able to take different action in my .login file depending on which computer I am using for connection is from.

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• Iptables to lock down compromised server to a single ip

  - by ollybee

  I have a Linux server which is compromised, I can see nasty looking perl scripts executing with root privileges. I want to get some data off it before I wipe it. How can I block all inbound and outbound traffic except for my ip? It's a Centos server I assume i can do this with iptables? I'm aware a the server is rooted there is a possibility that attackers could have made changes on the server that would prevent this from working. Ill be testing to make sure and only have the server online for a couple of hours before it is nuked.

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• Updating and deleting java (red hat / centos)

  - by JochemTheSchoolKid

  I am a total noob with linux. So please explain clearly if you have a solution for me. I have an VPS and I want to update JAVA. I found a guide on the Java site which says: rpm -e < package_name I searched for the packages: [root@srv1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep java java_cup-0.10k-5.el6.x86_64 java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64 Than I tried to do the delete command [root@srv1 ~]# rpm -e java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64 error: Failed dependencies: java-gcj-compat is needed by (installed) java_cup-1:0.10k-5.el6.x86_64 java-gcj-compat >= 1.0.70 is needed by (installed) sinjdoc-0.5-9.1.el6.x86_64 What should I do now?

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• Hylafax with serial over IP modem

  - by zero_r

  I'm looking into virtualizing a Hylafax server which currently runs on a dedicated hardware running CentOS with a Divalogic card. The main issue obviously is, how to connect the modem to the VM. There are serial over IP devices available at digi.com. Maybe there are others? Regarding digi.com devices, as far as I understood one can install the RealPort software and then have a /dev/ttySx device presented to the Linux server. This device then can be used as serial connection to the modem. Does someone have such a configuration in place? Or does someone have another idea to virtualize a Hylafax server (outbound faxes only). Thank you in advance

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