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• minimum required bandwidth for remote database server

  - by user66734

  I want to build a small warehousing application for my company. We have a central warehouse which distributes to 8 sales points across the country. They insist on an in-house solution. I am thinking to setup a central mySQL db Linux server and have the branches connect to it to store sales. Queries to the db from the branches will be minimum, maybe 10 per hour. However I need all the branches to be able to store each sale data ( product ID, customer ID ) in the central db at peak time at most once every five minutes. My question is can I get away with simple 24mbps/768kbps DSL lines? If not what is the bandwith requirement? Can I rely on a load balancing router to combine additional lines if needed? Can you propose some server hardware specs?

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• Where's my tab completion and up-arrow behavior? (Ubuntu 10.04)

  - by pastorius

  I'm new to Linux, trying Ubuntu 10.04, preconfigured by host. When I log in (SSH) using the preconfigured account, the shell prompt is: user@hostname:~$ The up arrow scrolls through the list of recent shell commands, and tab-completion works as expected. However, when I create an account and log in (SSH) using that account, the shell prompt is simply "$", and the up arrow just prints a control character (^[[A). Can anyone tell me how to get my prompt, tab-completion, and up-arrow behavior set up? The fact that I'm getting control characters when I up-arrow makes me think that my account (or session) is in some mode I'm unfamiliar with. I know there is tab-completion code stored in bashrc that I can uncomment, but that doesn't seem to have any effect, even after logging out and logging back in. Am I in some strange mode when I SSH in with the new account, or are there just some session/account settings I need to set up, and can find information for anywhere on the Internet if I just knew what to look for?

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• I suspect that my HDD is causing hardlocks, as all other components have been replaced. How can I check this theory and solve the potential cause?

  - by user867814

  I have had this problem over quite a while now, thorough multiple Linux kernel versions and distributions, as well as replacement of all components, aside from my main HDD - RAM, GPU(twice), mother board, CPU, power supply. What happens is, at one point during the operation of the PC, it will hardlock - everything stops working, external HDD is not shut down correctly and continues to spin until I plug it out and in, there are no system/kernel logs of any kind, and no otherwise nothing that would suggest a cause. Another reason for my suspicion is that the failures happen almost exclusively during HDD read/write activity - shutdown(happens nearly 1/3 of the time so far, it's only been few days though), launching programs, and once during operation of apt. I hope the post is descriptive enough, if you need any additional info, ask(and tell me how to prepare/obtain it), and I will provide. If I'm wrong, point me in the right direction. Thanks in advance.

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• I installed XAMPP on Ubuntu, and its running without any of its files.

  - by CDeanMartin

  I installed XAMPP on Ubuntu, and its running without any of its files. Well, not really, but it sure seems that way. I followed the directions on the Apache Friends website to the letter. XAMPP works fine, it's sample apps run like a charm. But I have no idea how it is running. The installation should have created an otf folder, or a XAMPP folder, or an htdoc file according to the tutorials. But there is no trace of any of these files or folders anywhere in the file browser. Are there any linux utilities as good as the Windows Explorer that can find my missing files? I particularly need to find the var/www folder to put my .php files in.

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• PuTTY: how to properly emulate -t option

  - by John Sonderson

  On Linux the ssh command has a -t option whose man page reads: Force pseudo-tty allocation. This can be used to execute arbitrary screen-based programs on a remote machine, which can be very useful, e.g. when implementing menu services. Multiple -t options force tty allocate, even if ssh has no local tty. I would like to use this same option with PuTTY on Windows. In particular, I can see that PuTTY has a bunch of options under: Category - Connection - SSH - TTY and suspect it might be possible to achieve the same behavior via some of the (NUMEROUS!) settings found on this screen. Anyone know how to configure the following command: ssh -t USER,[email protected] create Thanks!

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• Installing Ubuntu on an External Drive

  - by Dom

  I am trying to install ububtu on an external drive. I am a programmer who wants to start using Linux. I downloaded the usb installer from the ubuntu website and followed all the steps. But when I get to the part where I have to setup the partitioning, it says an error when moving forward "No root file system is defined". I've been doing some research and I think that I have to partition the external drive but do not know how to do so. The problem is that I only want 20gb used from that external drive and let the rest be used for storage. I am also a musician and use Pro tools so I would like to keep all my files there, but I dont want ubuntu on my main hardrive since the external one is portable. I'd appreciate it also if you could provide me the steps.

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• Running Ubuntu off a USB drive?

  - by Solignis

  I was wondering if a USB 2.0 Thumb drive has enough bandwidth to act as a primary system drive in an Ubuntu Linux server. More specifically an SAN server. I am running an iSCSI target, ZFS and NFS-kernel-server, BIND9 (Slave), and Openldap (Slave). I was thinking of resorting to a thumb drive because my new motherboard only has 4 SATA ports and I have 5 disks. 4 (ZFS Pool) 1 (System). And unless I get an expansion card there is no way to get more SATA ports. This "server" leans more twords a home server. I use in my lab with my VMware server. It provides storage, or atleast it did until it died. Would it still be better to go with the SATA hard disk?

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• Is there a difference in page fault rates between CPU bound and I/O bound processes?

  - by user198864

  I was thinking, should there be any difference in expectation of the page fault rate on CPU-bound vs I/O bound processes? At first I thought maybe we could, since CPU-bound processes would likely be using more memory accesses per time quantum, so I expect it would move from locality to locality faster. At the same time, the CPU-bound process is probably given a larger working set... but this doesn't affect the fault overhead as it hits a new locality IF this wasn't pre-paged in. Is there actually any real difference in the page fault rates or am I just musing about something nonexistent? And if there is, how would it impact a real-world OS like linux?

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• LAN full of public ipv4 addresses - How to filter it?

  - by sparc86

  The answer to my question maybe is not that hard but anyways, I do not know what to do. So, I just got in a new job in a Univerisity and I found out that the network (the LAN) is full of public IP addresses. Seriously, the whole LAN (probably more than 150 hosts) has it' own internet IP address and I don't know how to manage it. I have a very good experience using iptables (Linux firewall) in a NAT'ed environment. But then how should I proceed in an environment where all my LAN is working with a bunch of public IP addresses? Should I just use the "forward" rules and ignore the NAT rules or is there any other issue in such environment which I should take care? Can I add a firewall between the router and the LAN in order to produce packet filtering for these public IP addresses in my LAN or will this just not work? Thanks!

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• How to NFSv4 share a ZFS file system on FreeBSD?

  - by Sandra

  Using FreeBSD 9, and created a ZFS file system like so zfs create tank/project1 zfs set sharenfs=on tank/project1 There are many howto's on setting up NFSv3 on FreeBSD on the net, but I can't find any one NFSv4 and when the NFS share is done with ZFS. E.g. this howto say I have to restart the (NFSv3) by nfsd -u -t -n 4, but I don't even have nfsd. When I do # echo /usr/ports/*/*nfs* /usr/ports/net-mgmt/nfsen /usr/ports/net/nfsshell /usr/ports/net/pcnfsd /usr/ports/net/unfs3 /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-chironfs /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-funionfs /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-unionfs # I don't see any NFSv4 servers, which I could install with pkg_add. Question How do I install and setup NFSv4, so I can mount the share from e.g. a Linux host?

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• enable tcp_syncookies even after reboot

  - by Tim

  I'm running Scientific Linux 6.1 and would like to set net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1. I've set that in /etc/sysctl.conf and, if I do a sysctl -p then sysctl -q net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies it shows it's properly set. Sadly, if I reboot the machine, and sysctl -q again, it goes back to 0. I've tried to grep around and see if something else is resetting it to 0 during the boot process but haven't turned up anything. I've googled and everything points to sysctl.conf. The only thing I can think of is maybe networking isn't up by the time that file gets read but, honestly, I'm a developer and well beyond my natural skills here:) I'm tempted to just set it directly in /etc/init.d/network but then that feels hackish and so, I thought better of it and I'm here in search of the "right" way to do it. Any pointers?

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• nm-applet and nmcli don't work in arch

  - by user1780765

  I installed arch linux about two weeks ago. But I still can't use Network Manager. When I use nm-applet command, I get this error: https://gist.github.com/4129816 And when I use nmcli con command, I get this: https://gist.github.com/4129837 sudo doesn't help me neither. D-Bus look fine, I can use dbus-monitor. I installed gnome, but I still can't use NM. I 'm using openbox now. I have another problem too: what should do so I can use nm-connection-editor with non-root users?

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• Mystery process crashing machine by using all of the RAM - how to identify?

  - by wd40

  I have a Linux machine which runs ~10 in house written processes. Every other day(!) the machine completely runs out of RAM, goes into swap and becomes unresponsive. This happens quickly over a period of a couple of seconds, so it's not feasible to sit watching the machine until it dies. It's a sudden leak, not a gradual one, so top(1) doesn't give any indications something bad may about to happen. What is the best way of identifying which process(es) are causing the trouble?

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• List files recursively and sort by modification time

  - by Problemaniac

  How do I list all files under a directory recursively and sort the output by modification time? I normally use ls -lhtc but it doesn't find all files recursively. I am using Linux and Mac. ls -l on Mac OS X can give -rw-r--r-- 1 fsr user 1928 Mar 1 2011 foo.c -rwx------ 1 fsr user 3509 Feb 25 14:34 bar.c where the date part isn't consistent or aligned, so a solution have to take this into account. Partial solution stat -f "%m%t%Sm %N" ./* | sort -rn | head -3 | cut -f2- works, but not recursively.

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• Data storage solutions for rapidly running out of space

  - by Grimlockz

  I have 2 web servers (1 live and other backup), the issue I have is our storage is rapidly running out. All the data on the server is used by our customers and new documents are uploaded to the server daily. So nothing can be deleted as it's always in use. We use a flat file structure with no database. I'm seeking solutions or ideas for the best place to move the our data to. The data has to be secure and needs to run on a linux environment. Not sure where to start - clusters, vmware, or they such solutions for huge file servers?

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• Iptable Rule to redirect all traffic requesting a specific domain

  - by user548971

  I'm on a simple linux proxy. I'd like to add iptable rules to drop all requests for a specific domain. I figured I run a dig command to get the ip addresses for the domain and then add an iptable rule for each one. It seems, however, that it doesn't work to bind to more than one ip address. So, it seems I need to add ip ranges like this... iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp -m iprange --dst-range 66.220.144.0-66.220.159.255 --dport 443 -j DROP That seems to work. However, it has proven pretty problematic to parse the output of dig and correctly create the appropriate iptable rules. Is there a better way? Thanks! EV

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• How to perform a nested mount when using chroot?

  - by user55542

  Note that this question is prompted by the circumstances detailed by me (as Xl1NntniNH7F) in http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-desktop-74/boot-failure-upon-updating-e2fsprogs-in-ubuntu-10-10-a-947328/. Thus if you could address the underlying cause of the boot failure, I would very much appreciate it. I'm trying to replicate the environment in my ubuntu installation (where the home folder is on a separate partition) in order to run make uninstall. I'm using a live cd. How to mount a dir in one partition (sda2, mounted in ubuntu as the home folder) into a directory on another mounted partition (sda3)? I did chroot /mnt/sda2 but I don't know how to mount sda3 to /home, and my various attempts didn't work. As I am unfamiliar with chroot, my approach could be wrong, so it would be great if you could suggest what I should do, given my circumstances.

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• process ksoftirqd consumes permanent 15% CPU load [closed]

  - by markus

  Possible Duplicate: Anyone else experiencing high rates of Linux server crashes during a leap second day? The process ksoftirqd/0 uses permanent 15% CPU on our debian squeeze server. 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 15.0 0.0 850:59.17 ksoftirqd/0 I already read that this can have various reason like Full harddisk or high network traffic. In our case we do have more or less low network traffic and enough space on hard disk. How can I analyse what causes ksoftirqd/0 to use permanently 15% CPU?

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• what are the following keyboard shortcuts in a terminal?

  - by kloop

  I am trying to figure out a few keyboard shortcuts in a terminal in mac osx (and Linux): In the command line: go to the next word go to the previous word go to the end of the line go to the beginning of the line This will make it easier to change commands.. Right now, I am using the left/right arrow keys, which is time consuming. I used bind -p as suggested below. EDIT: What do the following key bindings mean? "\e\e[D": backward-word "\e[1;5D": backward-word "\e[5D": backward-word "\eb": backward-word and: "\e\e[C": forward-word "\e[1;5C": forward-word "\e[5C": forward-word "\ef": forward-word

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• Disabling the shell of user "daemon" (/bin/false)

  - by BurninLeo

  on a Linux system there are lot's of users by default: daemon, bin, sys, games, etc. According to my /etc/passwd most of these users have a shell assigned (/bin/sh) which seems some kind of insecure to me. My naive thinking would say: Only give those users a shell that may login to the server. Is my thinking wrong? If not completely wrong: Can I disable the shell for "daemon" and "www-data" without having side effects (e.g. the system wont start or the Apache PHP cannot excute system calls)? Thanks for your hints!

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• cd ~ dumps me in a seemingly empty directory

  - by Davidos

  This is on a Linux mint box. I'm told everywhere to use the command cd ~ To switch to the root directory before doing some command line magic. For some reason though, it dumps me in a directory named ~ where ls gives nothing and I can't get back to my home directory; I have to restart the terminal session to get out of the empty root directory. I'm positive that everything is just hidden to me, but even as a super-user I can't get the folders to show themselves. I usually just fall back to using a graphical file browser to roam those forbidden files, but I've recently just been shut out of my root directory, and the machine refuses to allow me to change the permissions on the stupid thing even when I type the root password in. It may just be some over-rigorous end-user shielding on the part of the mint team, but it's getting to be really frustrating now.

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• How to set a character set per application in *nix?

  - by SimmaDoWN

  I am attempting to set a character set of IBM850 on slackware linux for a particular application (epic5). Im using rxvt-unicode and have setup LANG/LC_*=en_US. Now if I set the encoding to IBM850 in kde's konsole program im able to display certain characters correctly. I'd rather not use IBM850 for everything; is there a way to set/alias a command for a per application execution? Ive tried things like: LC_CTYPE=IBM850 epic5 LC_ALL=IBM850 epic5 No success. Any help would be appreciated

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• Preparing a hyper-v VM image

  - by Anteru

  We have a Hyper-V Windows Server 2k3, and we're hosting multiple VMs on it. However, right now, we always start the VM creation right on the server, i.e. when preparing a new Ubuntu image, I just install it into a new VM and set it up and when I'm happy we store the disk image. I wonder if there is a way to prepare a hyper-v image locally on my desktop machine instead? I'm running Windows 7, and I would love to be able to set up a VM so that we can copy the image over to the server and be done with it. This is for linux images only, and we definitely need the hyperv network integration. Is there a recommended way how to prepare hyperv images without running a hyperv instance somewhere?

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• Keyboard no longer works when entering BIOS

  - by Tommy

  I am trying to boot from USB so I can install a couple different Linux distros. I can enter the BIOS, but as soon as I enter the BIOS the keyboard lights switch off (Num Lock and Caps Lock) and I cannot use the keyboard to do anything in the BIOS or even exit or restart the PC using Ctrl+Alt+Del or do anything at all with the keyboard. But as soon as I boot back into Windows, everything is fine... I've never had this problem before and some Googling hasn't helped. I've tried using a few other keyboards and simply unplugging/replugging the keyboards, but it didn't work. Is there anything I can do in Windows to maybe find out why the keyboard isn't working in the BIOS screen? In the Device Manager, all the drivers are up to date and there are no conflicts.

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• Which IMAP servers support both messages and subfolders in a folder?

  - by user43516

  Hi, I currently have a POP server for email, which is delivered to a Thunderbird client. This Thunderbird client stores email locally into a hierarchy of subfolders containing both emails and subfolders. I now want to access this locally stored email from other clients. My first solution was to create an IMAP mailbox and move all the messages to the IMAP server. I wasn't able to do it because my IMAP server refused to create subfolders in folders already containing email. As the original hierarchy is quite complex, I can't modify it to try to get along with this limitation. Are there any Linux IMAP server that would accept having both messages and subfolders in a folder?

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