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  • Apache not Forwarding Client x509 Certificate to Tomcat via mod_proxy

    - by hooknc
    Hi Everyone, I am having difficulties getting a client x509 certificate to be forwarded to Tomcat from Apache using mod_proxy. From observations and reading a few logs it does seem as though the client x509 certificate is being accepted by Apache. But, when Apache makes an SSL request to Tomcat (which has clientAuth="want"), it doesn't look like the client x509 certificate is passed during the ssl handshake. Is there a reasonable way to see what Apache is doing with the client x509 certificate during its handshake with Tomcat? Here is the environment I'm working with: Apache/2.2.3 Tomcat/6.0.29 Java/6.0_23 OpenSSL 0.9.8e Here is my Apache VirtualHost SSL config: <VirtualHost xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:443> ServerName xxx ServerAlias xxx SSLEngine On SSLProxyEngine on ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On ErrorLog logs/ssl_error_log TransferLog logs/ssl_access_log LogLevel debug SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT:!SSLv2:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/certificates/xxx.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/certificates/xxx.key SSLCertificateChainFile /usr/local/certificates/xxx.crt SSLVerifyClient optional_no_ca SSLOptions +ExportCertData CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \ "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b" <Proxy *> AddDefaultCharset Off Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass / https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8443/ ProxyPassReverse / https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8443/ </VirtualHost> Then here is my Tomcat SSL Connector: <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true" address="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" keystoreFile="/usr/local/certificates/xxx.jks" keypass="xxx_pwd" clientAuth="want" sslProtocol="TLSv1" proxyName="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" proxyPort="443" /> Could there possibly be issues with SSL Renegotiation? Could there be problems with the Truststore in our Tomcat instance? (We are using a non-standard Truststore that has partner organization CAs.) Is there better logging for what is happening internally with Apache for SSL? Like what is happening to the client cert or why it isn't forwarding the certificate when tomcats asks for one? Any reasonable assistance would be greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time.

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  • An XEvent a Day (20 of 31) – Mapping Extended Events to SQL Trace

    - by Jonathan Kehayias
    One of the biggest problems that I had with getting into Extended Events was mapping the Events available in Extended Events to the Events that I knew from SQL Trace. With so many Events to choose from in Extended Events, and a different organization of the Events, it is really easy to get lost when trying to find things. Add to this the fact that Event names don’t match up to Trace Event names in SQL Server 2008 and 2008 R2, and not all of the Events from Trace are implemented in SQL Server 2008...(read more)

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  • SQL SERVER – Select and Delete Duplicate Records – SQL in Sixty Seconds #036 – Video

    - by pinaldave
    Developers often face situations when they find their column have duplicate records and they want to delete it. A good developer will never delete any data without observing it and making sure that what is being deleted is the absolutely fine to delete. Before deleting duplicate data, one should select it and see if the data is really duplicate. In this video we are demonstrating two scripts – 1) selects duplicate records 2) deletes duplicate records. We are assuming that the table has a unique incremental id. Additionally, we are assuming that in the case of the duplicate records we would like to keep the latest record. If there is really a business need to keep unique records, one should consider to create a unique index on the column. Unique index will prevent users entering duplicate data into the table from the beginning. This should be the best solution. However, deleting duplicate data is also a very valid request. If user realizes that they need to keep only unique records in the column and if they are willing to create unique constraint, the very first requirement of creating a unique constraint is to delete the duplicate records. Let us see how to connect the values in Sixty Seconds: Here is the script which is used in the video. USE tempdb GO CREATE TABLE TestTable (ID INT, NameCol VARCHAR(100)) GO INSERT INTO TestTable (ID, NameCol) SELECT 1, 'First' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'Second' UNION ALL SELECT 3, 'Second' UNION ALL SELECT 4, 'Second' UNION ALL SELECT 5, 'Second' UNION ALL SELECT 6, 'Third' GO -- Selecting Data SELECT * FROM TestTable GO -- Detecting Duplicate SELECT NameCol, COUNT(*) TotalCount FROM TestTable GROUP BY NameCol HAVING COUNT(*) > 1 ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC GO -- Deleting Duplicate DELETE FROM TestTable WHERE ID NOT IN ( SELECT MAX(ID) FROM TestTable GROUP BY NameCol) GO -- Selecting Data SELECT * FROM TestTable GO DROP TABLE TestTable GO Related Tips in SQL in Sixty Seconds: SQL SERVER – Delete Duplicate Records – Rows SQL SERVER – Count Duplicate Records – Rows SQL SERVER – 2005 – 2008 – Delete Duplicate Rows Delete Duplicate Records – Rows – Readers Contribution Unique Nonclustered Index Creation with IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON – A Transactional Behavior What would you like to see in the next SQL in Sixty Seconds video? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology, Video Tagged: Excel

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  • SQL SERVER – Working with FileTables in SQL Server 2012 – Part 1 – Setting Up Environment

    - by pinaldave
    Filestream is a very interesting feature, and an enhancement of FileTable with Filestream is equally exciting. Today in this post, we will learn how to set up the FileTable Environment in SQL Server. The major advantage of FileTable is it has Windows API compatibility for file data stored within an SQL Server database. In simpler words, FileTables remove a barrier so that SQL Server can be used for the storage and management of unstructured data that are currently residing as files on file servers. Another advantage is that the Windows Application Compatibility for their existing Windows applications enables to see these data as files in the file system. This way, you can use SQL Server to access the data using T-SQL enhancements, and Windows can access the file using its applications. So for the first step, you will need to enable the Filestream feature at the database level in order to use the FileTable. -- Enable Filestream EXEC sp_configure filestream_access_level, 2 RECONFIGURE GO -- Create Database CREATE DATABASE FileTableDB ON PRIMARY (Name = FileTableDB, FILENAME = 'D:\FileTable\FTDB.mdf'), FILEGROUP FTFG CONTAINS FILESTREAM (NAME = FileTableFS, FILENAME='D:\FileTable\FS') LOG ON (Name = FileTableDBLog, FILENAME = 'D:\FileTable\FTDBLog.ldf') WITH FILESTREAM (NON_TRANSACTED_ACCESS = FULL, DIRECTORY_NAME = N'FileTableDB'); GO Now, you can run the following code and figure out if FileStream options are enabled at the database level. -- Check the Filestream Options SELECT DB_NAME(database_id), non_transacted_access, non_transacted_access_desc FROM sys.database_filestream_options; GO You can see the resultset of the above query which returns resultset as the following image shows. As you can see , the file level access is set to 2 (filestream enabled). Now let us create the filetable in the newly created database. -- Create FileTable Table USE FileTableDB GO CREATE TABLE FileTableTb AS FileTable WITH (FileTable_Directory = 'FileTableTb_Dir'); GO Now you can select data using a regular select table. SELECT * FROM FileTableTb GO It will return all the important columns which are related to the file. It will provide details like filesize, archived, file types etc. You can also see the FileTable in SQL Server Management Studio. Go to Databases >> Newly Created Database (FileTableDB) >> Expand Tables Here, you will see a new folder which says “FileTables”. When expanded, it gives the name of the newly created FileTableTb. You can right click on the newly created table and click on “Explore FileTable Directory”. This will open up the folder where the FileTable data will be stored. When you click on the option, it will open up the following folder in my local machine where the FileTable data will be stored: \\127.0.0.1\mssqlserver\FileTableDB\FileTableTb_Dir In tomorrow’s blog post as Part 2, we will go over two methods of inserting the data into this FileTable. Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Filestream

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  • SQL SERVER – Download Free eBook – Introducing Microsoft SQL Server 2012

    - by pinaldave
    Database Administration and Business Intelligence is indeed very key area of the SQL Server. My very good friend Ross Mistry and Stacia Misner has recently wrote book which is for SQL Server 2012. The best part of the book is it is totally FREE! Well, this book assumes that you have certain level of SQL Server Administration as well Business Intelligence understanding. So if you are absolutely beginner I suggest you read other books of Ross as well attend Pluralsight course of Stacia Misner. Personally I read this book in last 10 days and I find it very easy to read and very comprehensive as well. Part I Database Administration (by Ross Mistry) 1. SQL Server 2012 Editions and Engine Enhancements 2. High-Availability and Disaster-Recovery Enhancements 3. Performance and Scalability 4. Security Enhancements 5. Programmability and Beyond-Relational Enhancements Part II Business Intelligence Development (by Stacia Misner) 6. Integration Services 7. Data Quality Services 8. Master Data Services 9. Analysis Services and PowerPivot 10. Reporting Services Here are various versions of the eBook. PDF ePub Mobi Amazon Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Download, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – Cleaning Up SQL Server Indexes – Defragmentation, Fillfactor – Video

    - by pinaldave
    Storing data non-contiguously on disk is known as fragmentation. Before learning to eliminate fragmentation, you should have a clear understanding of the types of fragmentation. When records are stored non-contiguously inside the page, then it is called internal fragmentation. When on disk, the physical storage of pages and extents is not contiguous. We can get both types of fragmentation using the DMV: sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats. Here is the generic advice for reducing the fragmentation. If avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 5% and < 30%, then use ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE: This statement is replacement for DBCC INDEXDEFRAG to reorder the leaf level pages of the index in a logical order. As this is an online operation, the index is available while the statement is running. If avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 30%, then use ALTER INDEX REBUILD: This is replacement for DBCC DBREINDEX to rebuild the index online or offline. In such case, we can also use the drop and re-create index method.(Ref: MSDN) Here is quick video which covers many of the above mentioned topics. While Vinod and I were planning about Indexing course, we had plenty of fun and learning. We often recording few of our statement and just left it aside. Afterwords we thought it will be really funny Here is funny video shot by Vinod and Myself on the same subject: Here is the link to the SQL Server Performance:  Indexing Basics. Here is the additional reading material on the same subject: SQL SERVER – Fragmentation – Detect Fragmentation and Eliminate Fragmentation SQL SERVER – 2005 – Display Fragmentation Information of Data and Indexes of Database Table SQL SERVER – De-fragmentation of Database at Operating System to Improve Performance Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Index, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology, Video

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  • SQL SERVER – Download SQL Server Product Documentation

    - by pinaldave
    Today I just returned from Bangalore User Group Meeting. Attending User Group meeting is indeed fun and really great experience. The best part of the User Group is meeting like minded people and have a great conversation with them. During the meeting I was asked why one has to go online to access SQL Server Product Documentation. I can clearly see there can be many reasons for why one wants the documentation to be available offline. The reasons can be anything but not limited to Company Firewall No Internet (power failure, on road or disaster) Internet Bandwidth Limitatoin Company Proxy Issues … and much more… In this kind of situation one needs documentation which is offline and easily available in local computer. The Microsoft SQL Server 2012 setup installs only the Help Viewer and related components for managing Help settings. Setup does not directly install any documentation. All of the SQL Server documentation is available online. Well, Microsoft has recently released Production Documentation available for offline users as well. You just have to download the executable file and follow all the instructions. Please follow the link below for download of the file. There is detailed instruction on how to download and install the documentation offline. Product Documentation for Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Documentation, SQL Download, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • How To Set Up A Loadbalanced High-Availability Apache Cluster On Windows

    - by bReAd
    Setting up a two-node Apache web server cluster that provides high-availability. In front of the Apache cluster we create a load balancer that splits up incoming requests between the two Apache nodes. Because we do not want the load balancer to become another “Single Point Of Failure”, we must provide high-availability for the load balancer, too. Therefore our load balancer will in fact consist out of two load balancer nodes that monitor each other using heartbeat, and if one load balancer fails, the other takes over silently. The following setup is proposed: Apache node 1: webserver1.example.com (webserver1) – IP address: 192.168.0.101; Apache document root: /var/www Apache node 2: webserver2.example.com (webserver2) – IP address: 192.168.0.102; Apache document root: /var/www Load Balancer node 1: loadb1.example.com (loadb1) – IP address: 192.168.0.103 Load Balancer node 2: loadb2.example.com (loadb2) – IP address: 192.168.0.104 Virtual IP Address: 192.168.0.105 (used for incoming requests) Currently, there are many solutions for Linux machines and there aren't any on windows. I've tried searching a long time for solutions on Windows platform How do I create the virtual IP in windows and perform monitoring and make the load balancer listen to the virtual IP Address?

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  • apache permission errors

    - by Wilduck
    I'm trying to set up Apache on a arch-linux box as a testing environment (I'm only using the localhost, not trying to serve anything to the greater web). When setting up Django with mod_wsgi, it recommended that I set up a WSGIScriptAlias from / to /usr/local/django/mysite/apache/django.wsgi . I've done this, as well as added the /usr/.../apache directory to my httpd.conf. When I try to access http://localhost I get a 403 forbidden error. I have no idea why this is happening. Things I've tried so far: 1) chown -R http .../apache 2) chmod -R 777 .../apache 3) using a simple Alias directive to host a static file from that directory. None of these have worked. I'm at a loss for what I'm doing wrong. Below is a relevant excerpt from my httpd.conf: Alias / /usr/local/django/mysite/apache <Directory "/usr/local/django/mysite/apache"> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> So my question is: what am I doing wrong?

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  • SQL SERVER – Fun Post – Connecting Same SQL Server using Different Methods

    - by pinaldave
    Yesterday I had faced error when I was connecting SQL Server using 127.0.0.1. I had immediately checked if SQL Server is working perfectly by connecting to it by specifiing my local box computer. While I was doing this suddenly I realize that it is indeed interesting to know how many different way we can connect to SQL Server which is installed in the local box. I created list of 5 different way but I am sure there are many more ways and I would like to document there here. Here is my setup. I am attempting to connect to the default instance of SQL Server from the same system where it is installed. Method 1: Connecting using local host IP 127.0.0.1 Method 2: Connecting using just a single dot (.) Method 3: Connecting using (local) Method 4: Connecting using localhost Method 5: Connecting using computer name – in my case it is BIG Here are my two questions for you? (Scroll below the image) 1) Which is your favorite method? 2) What are other methods you are familiar with to connect to local host? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com)     Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – NTFS File System Performance for SQL Server

    - by pinaldave
    Note: Before practicing any of the suggestion of this article, consult your IT Infrastructural Admin, applying the suggestion without proper testing can only damage your system. Question: “Pinal, we have 80 GB of data including all the database files, we have our data in NTFS file system. We have proper backups are set up. Any suggestion for our NTFS file system performance improvement. Our SQL Server box is running only SQL Server and nothing else. Please advise.” When I receive questions which I have just listed above, it often sends me deep thought. Honestly, I know a lot but there are plenty of things, I believe can be built with community knowledge base. Today I need you to help me to complete this list. I will start the list and you help me complete it. NTFS File System Performance Best Practices for SQL Server Disable Indexing on disk volumes Disable generation of 8.3 names (command: FSUTIL BEHAVIOR SET DISABLE8DOT3 1) Disable last file access time tracking (command: FSUTIL BEHAVIOR SET DISABLELASTACCESS 1) Keep some space empty (let us say 15% for reference) on drive is possible (Only on Filestream Data storage volume) Defragement the volume Add your suggestions here… The one which I often get a pretty big debate is NTFS allocation size. I have seen that on the disk volume which stores filestream data, when increased allocation to 64K from 4K, it reduces the fragmentation. Again, I suggest you attempt this after proper testing on your server. Every system is different and the file stored is different. Here is when I would like to request you to share your experience with related to NTFS allocation size. If you do not agree with any of the above suggestions, leave a comment with reference and I will modify it. Please note that above list prepared assuming the SQL Server application is only running on the computer system. The next question does all these still relevant for SSD – I personally have no experience with SSD with large database so I will refrain from comment. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • An XEvent A Day: 31 days of Extended Events

    - by Jonathan Kehayias
    Back in April, Paul Randal ( Blog | Twitter ) did a 30 day series titled A SQL Server Myth a Day , where he covered a different myth about SQL Server every day of the month. At the same time Glenn Alan Berry ( Blog |Twitter) did a 30 day series titled A DMV a Day , where he blogged about a different DMV every day of the month. Being so inspired by these two guys, I have decided to attempt a month long series on Extended Events that I am going to call A XEvent a Day . I originally wanted to do this...(read more)

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  • Comparing Nginx+PHP-FPM to Apache-mod_php

    - by Rushi
    I'm running Drupal and trying to figure out the best stack to serve it. Apache + mod_php or Nginx + PHP-FPM I used ApacheBench (ab) and Siege to test both setups and I'm seeing Apache performing better. This surprises me a little bit since I've heard a lot of good things about Nginx + PHP-FPM. My current Nginx setup is something that is a bit out of the box, and the same goes for PHP-FPM What optimizations I can make to speed up the Nginx + PHP-FPM combo over Apache and mo_php ? In my tests using ab, Apache is outperforming Nginx significantly (higher requets/second and finishing tests much faster) I've googled around a bit, but since I've never using Nginx, PHP-FPM or FastCGI, I don't exactly know where to start PHP v5.2.13, Drupal v6, latest PHP-FPM and Nginx compiled from source. Apache v2.0.63 ApacheBench Nginx + PHP-FPM Server Software: nginx/0.7.67 Server Hostname: test2.com Server Port: 80 Concurrency Level: 25 ---> Time taken for tests: 158.510008 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 ---> Requests per second: 6.31 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 3962.750 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 158.510 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 181.38 [Kbytes/sec] received ApacheBench Apache using mod_php Server Software: Apache/2.0.63 Server Hostname: test1.com Server Port: 80 Concurrency Level: 25 --> Time taken for tests: 63.556663 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 --> Requests per second: 15.73 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 1588.917 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 63.557 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 103.94 [Kbytes/sec] received

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  • Can't get simple Apache VHost up and running

    - by TK Kocheran
    Unfortunately, I can't seem to get a simple Apache VHost online. I used to simply have one VHost which bound to all: <VirtualHost *:80>, but this isn't appropriate for security anymore. I need to have one VHost for localhost requests (ie my dev server) and one for incoming requests via my domain name. Here's my new VHost: NameVirtualHost domain1.com <VirtualHost domain1.com:80> DocumentRoot /var/www ServerName domain1.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost domain2.com:80> DocumentRoot /var/www ServerName domain2.com </VirtualHost> After I restart my server, I see the following errors in my log: [Wed Feb 16 11:26:36 2011] [error] [client ####.###.###.###] File does not exist: /htdocs [Wed Feb 16 11:26:36 2011] [error] [client ####.###.###.###] File does not exist: /htdocs What am I doing wrong? EDIT As per the answer give below, I have modified my configuration. Here are my configuration files: /etc/apache2/ports.conf: Listen 80 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> # If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change # the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl # to <VirtualHost *:443> # Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not # supported by MSIE on Windows XP. Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> Here are my actual defined sites: /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-localhost: NameVirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80 <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80> ServerAdmin ######### DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> RewriteEngine On RewriteLog "/var/log/apache2/mod_rewrite.log" RewriteLogLevel 9 <Location /> <Limit GET POST PUT> order allow,deny allow from all deny from 65.34.248.110 deny from 69.122.239.3 deny from 58.218.199.147 deny from 65.34.248.110 </Limit> </Location> </VirtualHost> /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/001-rfkrocktk.dyndns.org: NameVirtualHost rfkrocktk.dyndns.org:80 <VirtualHost rfkrocktk.dyndns.org:80> DocumentRoot /var/www ServerName rfkrocktk.dyndns.org </VirtualHost> And, just for kicks, my main file: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf: # # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about # the directives. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections: # 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a # whole (the 'global environment'). # 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server, # which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host. # These directives also provide default values for the settings # of all virtual hosts. # 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to # different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the # same Apache server process. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "/var/log/apache2/foo.log" # with ServerRoot set to "" will be interpreted by the # server as "//var/log/apache2/foo.log". # ### Section 1: Global Environment # # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it # can find its configuration files. # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.1/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" # # The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # #<IfModule !mpm_winnt.c> #<IfModule !mpm_netware.c> LockFile /var/lock/apache2/accept.lock #</IfModule> #</IfModule> # # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. # This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars # PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 15 ## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## # prefork MPM # StartServers: number of server processes to start # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # worker MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # event MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_event_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn # Include module configuration: Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.load Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.conf # Include all the user configurations: Include /etc/apache2/httpd.conf # Include ports listing Include /etc/apache2/ports.conf # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # If you are behind a reverse proxy, you might want to change %h into %{X-Forwarded-For}i # LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # # Define an access log for VirtualHosts that don't define their own logfile CustomLog /var/log/apache2/other_vhosts_access.log vhost_combined # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see README.Debian for details. # Include generic snippets of statements Include /etc/apache2/conf.d/ # Include the virtual host configurations: Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ what else do I need to do to fix it? Should I be telling apache to listen on 127.0.0.1:80, or isn't it already listening there?

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  • SQL SERVER – A Cool Trick – Restoring the Default SQL Server Management Studio – SSMS

    - by pinaldave
    “I do not know where my windows went!” “I just closed my object explorer and now I cannot find it.” “How do I get my original windows layout back in SQL Server Management Studio?” “How do I get the window which was there in left side back again?” Since last 2-3 years, every single day I receive more than 5 emails on SSMS and its layout. For the beginners it is very common to get confused when they attempt to change SQL Server Management Studio’s windows layout. They often change the layout and are not able to get the original layout back. Often people do not change the layout whole of their life, leading to uncomfortable feeling when they go to another’s computer where the windows are differently placed. Today’s blog post is dedicated all the beginners in SQL Server. It is extremely simple to reset the SSMS layout to default layout. The default layout involves 2 major things 1) Object Explorer on left side 2) Query Windows on right side (80% screen estate). Personally I am so used to this as well that if there is any other changes in the same, I do not enjoy working on the environment. Well, the solution to rest the SSMS layout is very simple. One can do it in split seconds.  To restore the default configuration, on the Window menu, click Reset Window Layout. Have you ever used this feature? Do you feel uncomfortable when SSMS layout is not in default state? How do you address this situation? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – How to Roll Back SQL Server Database Changes

    - by Pinal Dave
    In a perfect scenario, no unexpected and unplanned changes occur. There are no unpleasant surprises, no inadvertent changes. However, even with all precautions and testing, there is sometimes a need to revert a structure or data change. One of the methods that can be used in this situation is to use an older database backup that has the records or database object structure you want to revert to. For this method, you have to have the adequate full database backup and a tool that will help you with comparison and synchronization is preferred. In this article, we will focus on another method: rolling back the changes. This can be done by using: An option in SQL Server Management Studio T-SQL, or ApexSQL Log The first two solutions have been described in this article The disadvantages of these methods are that you have to know when exactly the change you want to revert happened and that all transactions on the database executed in a specific time range are rolled back – the ones you want to undo and the ones you don’t. How to easily roll back SQL Server database changes using ApexSQL Log? The biggest challenge is to roll back just specific changes, not all changes that happened in a specific time range. While SQL Server Management Studio option and T-SQL read and roll forward all transactions in the transaction log files, I will show you a solution that finds and scripts only the specific changes that match your criteria. Therefore, you don’t need to worry about all other database changes that you don’t want to roll back. ApexSQL Log is a SQL Server disaster recovery tool that reads transaction logs and provides a wide range of filters that enable you to easily rollback only specific data changes. First, connect to the online database where you want to roll back the changes. Once you select the database, ApexSQL Log will show its recovery model. Note that changes can be rolled back even for a database in the Simple recovery model, when no database and transaction log backups are available. However, ApexSQL Log achieves best results when the database is in the Full recovery model and you have a chain of subsequent transaction log backups, back to the moment when the change occurred. In this example, we will use only the online transaction log. In the next step, use filters to read only the transactions that happened in a specific time range. To remove noise, it’s recommended to use as many filters as possible. Besides filtering by the time of the transaction, ApexSQL Log can filter by the operation type: Table name: As well as transaction state (committed, aborted, running, and unknown), name of the user who committed the change, specific field values, server process IDs, and transaction description. You can select only the tables affected by the changes you want to roll back. However, if you’re not certain which tables were affected, you can leave them all selected and once the results are shown in the main grid, analyze them to find the ones you to roll back. When you set the filters, you can select how to present the results. ApexSQL Log can automatically create undo or redo scripts, export the transactions into an XML, HTML, CSV, SQL, or SQL Bulk file, and create a batch file that you can use for unattended transaction log reading. In this example, I will open the results in the grid, as I want to analyze them before rolling back the transactions. The results contain information about the transaction, as well as who and when made it. For UPDATEs, ApexSQL Log shows both old and new values, so you can easily see what has happened. To create an UNDO script that rolls back the changes, select the transactions you want to roll back and click Create undo script in the menu. For the DELETE statement selected in the screenshot above, the undo script is: INSERT INTO [Sales].[PersonCreditCard] ([BusinessEntityID], [CreditCardID], [ModifiedDate]) VALUES (297, 8010, '20050901 00:00:00.000') When it comes to rolling back database changes, ApexSQL Log has a big advantage, as it rolls back only specific transactions, while leaving all other transactions that occurred at the same time range intact. That makes ApexSQL Log a good solution for rolling back inadvertent data and schema changes on your SQL Server databases. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL Tagged: ApexSQL

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  • An XEvent a Day (28 of 31) – Tracking Page Compression Operations

    - by Jonathan Kehayias
    The Database Compression feature in SQL Server 2008 Enterprise Edition can provide some significant reductions in storage requirements for SQL Server databases, and in the right implementations and scenarios performance improvements as well.  There isn’t really a whole lot of information about the operations of database compression that is documented as being available in the DMV’s or SQL Trace.  Paul Randal pointed out on Twitter today that sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats() provides...(read more)

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  • October 2012 Cumulative Updates are available - SQL Server 2008 R2 & SQL Server 2012

    - by AaronBertrand
    Microsoft released new cumulative updates for SQL Server; they announced them on their blog several hours ago . SQL Server 2012 RTM Cumulative Update # 4 KB Article: KB #2758687 25 fixes are listed at the time of publication Build number is 11.0.2383 Relevant for @@VERSION 11.0.2100 through 11.0.2382 SQL Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Cumulative Update # 9 KB Article: KB #2756574 14 fixes are listed at the time of publication Build number is 10.50.2866 Relevant for @@VERSION 10.50.2500 through 10.50.2865...(read more)

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  • Setting up a LAMP VM server for Development and Testing?

    - by TdotThomas
    Info: I would like to set up a VM server on my local computer which will serve pages in the exact same way as my current hosting (but only to me on my local computer). I currently pay a big web hosting company to host my website & web store and they are doing a great job, but I would like to be able to work on my Web site and its corresponding MySQL DB, HTML, and PHP code without being at risk of messing something completely up on the live servers. My current plan of action: Set up a VM webserver with Debian, MySQL, PHP, Apache. Copy web store (PHP/HTML) code to VM server. Copy my current MySQL databases from my hosting provider and install on VM server. Modify and test new features on VM server. Upload MySQL DB and HTML/PHP code back to web host's server where it should work as before but with new modifications. Questions: Now I'm pretty sure I have steps one and two down correctly but I can't for the life of me figure out how to proceed next, so here are my questions. I have my /etc/host file set up so www.MySite.test redirects to the IP address of the local VM webserver. Once I import my PHP/HTML files and MySQL file whats the best way to navigate around the fact that all of my files and DBs will reference www.MySite.com. I can export my MySQL dbs but do I also have to export my MySQL users and passwords to access those db or are those coded into my html/php code?

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  • How to redirect http requests to http (nginx)

    - by spuder
    There appear to be many questions and guides out there that instruct how to setup nginx to redirect http requests to https. Many are outdated, or just flat out wrong. server { listen *:80; server_name <%= @fqdn %>; #root /nowhere; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri permanent; #return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://192.168.33.10$request_uri; return 301 http://$host$request_uri; } server { listen *:443 ssl default_server; server_name <%= @fqdn %>; server_tokens off; root <%= @git_home %>/gitlab/public; ssl on; ssl_certificate <%= @gitlab_ssl_cert %>; ssl_certificate_key <%= @gitlab_ssl_key %>; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers AES:HIGH:!ADH:!MDF; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { # serve static files from defined root folder;. # @gitlab is a named location for the upstream fallback, see below try_files $uri $uri/index.html $uri.html @gitlab; } # if a file, which is not found in the root folder is requested, # then the proxy pass the request to the upsteam (gitlab puma) location @gitlab { proxy_read_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_connect_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_redirect off; ect.... I've restarted after every configuration change, and yet I still only get the 'Welcome to nginx' page when visiting http://192.168.33.10. whereas https://192.168.33.10 works perfectly. Why will nginx still not redirect http requests to https? tailf /var/log/nginx/access.log 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:41:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:44:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 133 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" tailf /var/log/nginx/gitlab_error.lob 2013/10/22 02:29:14 [crit] 27226#0: *1 connect() to unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.33.1, server: gitlab.localdomain, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket:/", host: "192.168.33.10" Resources http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls How to make nginx redirect How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx? nginx ssl redirect Nginx & Https Redirection https://www.tinywp.in/301-redirect-wordpress/ How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx?

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  • Server load is spiking from 2 to 250

    - by Hakzona
    Hello, I'am using Wordpress 2.9. Webserver 8GB from Hostgator. I'am fighting with this problem for long time but still can not find the solution. Php switched to run as an apache module, Php 5 in DSO, Apache suEXEC, eaccelerator installed, but this configuration started making huge server load on server. Server load spiking from 1 to 250 (4 cpus) and server stops, after period of time its back again and stops in about 10 minutes. It started happening when hostgator support team installed eaccelerator on server. What can make this problem and how can I fix it?

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  • Server speed: sharing one script.php or using many copies the same script.php

    - by Marco Demaio
    Let's assume: I have thousands of domains on same Apache server. Each domain is in a folder under server public_html document folder, so it can be accessed by calling "www.somedomain.com" or by calling "www.serverdomain.com/somedomain_folder" In each domain there is a website who needs a certain script.php (identical for each domain). From a coding point view, its obvious that it's better to use a unique script.php, so when i update it with new features/bug fixes etc, I need to update on server only one file and it will work for all domains. But from a server point of view? If i use a unique script all domains will access it at the same time, will the server run slower compared to the situation where each domain called its own script?

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  • SQL SERVER – Generate Report for Index Physical Statistics – SSMS

    - by pinaldave
    Few days ago, I wrote about SQL SERVER – Out of the Box – Activity and Performance Reports from SSSMS (Link). A user asked me a question regarding if we can use similar reports to get the detail about Indexes. Yes, it is possible to do the same. There are similar type of reports are available at Database level, just like those available at the Server Instance level. You can right click on Database name and click Reports. Under Standard Reports, you will find following reports. Disk Usage Disk Usage by Top Tables Disk Usage by Table Disk Usage by Partition Backup and Restore Events All Transactions All Blocking Transactions Top Transactions by Age Top Transactions by Blocked Transactions Count Top Transactions by Locks Count Resource Locking Statistics by Objects Object Execute Statistics Database Consistency history Index Usage Statistics Index Physical Statistics Schema Change history User Statistics Select the Reports with name Index Physical Statistics. Once click, a report containing all the index names along with other information related to index will be visible, e.g. Index Type and number of partitions. One column that caught my interest was Operation Recommended. In some place, it suggested that index needs to be rebuilt. It is also possible to click and expand the column of partitions and see additional details about index as well. DBA and Developers who just want to have idea about how your index is and its physical statistics can use this tool. Click to Enlarge Note: Please note that I will rebuild my indexes just because this report is recommending it. There are many other parameters you need to consider before rebuilding indexes. However, this tool gives you the accurate stats of your index and it can be right away exported to Excel or PDF writing by clicking on the report. Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Index, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Utility, T SQL, Technology

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  • Introducing SSIS Reporting Pack for SQL Server code-named Denali

    - by jamiet
    In recent blog posts I have introduced the new SSIS Catalog that is forthcoming in SQL Server Code-named Denali: What's new in SSIS in Denali Introduction to SSIS Projects in Denali Parameters in SSIS In Denali SSIS Server, Catalogs, Environments and Environment Variables in SSIS in Denali The SSIS Catalog is responsible for executing SSIS packages and also for capturing the metadata from those executions. However, at the time of writing there is no mechanism provided to view analyse and drill into that metadata and that is the reason that I am, in this blog post, introducing a suite of SSIS Catalog reports called the SSIS Reporting Pack which you can download from my SkyDrive at http://cid-550f681dad532637.office.live.com/self.aspx/Public/SSIS%20Reporting%20Pack/SSISReportingPack%20v0.1.zip. In this first release the SSIS Reporting Pack includes five reports: Catalog – A high-level summary of all activity in the Catalog Folders – A summary of activity in each Catalog Folder Folder – Project-level activity per single Folder Executions – A visualisation of all executions per Folder/Project/Package/Environment or subset thereof Execution – Information about an individual execution Here is a screenshot of the Executions report: Notice that the SSIS Reporting Pack provides a visual overview of all executions in the Catalog. Each execution is represented as a bar on the bar chart, the success or otherwise of each execution is indicated by the colour of the bar and the execution time is indicated by the bar height. I have recorded a video that gives an overview of the SSIS Reporting which I have embedded below. If you are having any trouble viewing the video go see it at http://vimeo.com/17617974 I must stress that this is a very early version of the SSIS Reporting Pack and I am expecting it to change a lot over the coming year. I am very keen to get some feedback about this, specifically: let me know if anything does not work as you expect give me your feature requests The easiest way to get hold of of me for now is within the comments section of this blog post. That’s all for now. I hope the SSIS Reporting Pack proves useful and I look forward to hearing your feedback. Lastly, that download link again: http://cid-550f681dad532637.office.live.com/self.aspx/Public/SSIS%20Reporting%20Pack/SSISReportingPack%20v0.1.zip. @jamiet

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  • How to install mod_ssl for Apache

    - by Nick Foote
    Ok So I installed Apache httpd a while ago and have recently come back to it to try setup SSL and get it serving several different tomcat servers. At the moment I have two completely separate tomcat instances serving up to slightly different versions (one for dev and one for demo say) my web app to two different ports; mydomain.com:8081 and mydomain.com:8082 I've successfully (back in Jan) used mod_jk to get httpd to serve those same tomcat instances to http://www.mydomain.com:8090/dev and http://www.mydomain.com:8090/demo (8090 cos I've got another app running on 8080 via Jetty at this stage) using the following code in httpd.conf; LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel debug <VirtualHost *:8090> JkMount /devd* tomcatDev JkMount /demo* tomcatDemo </VirtualHost> What I'm not trying to do is enable SSL I've added the following to httpd.conf Listen 443 <VirtualHost _default_:443> JkMount /dev* tomcatDev JkMount /demo* tomcatDemo SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile "/opt/httpd/conf/localhost.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "/opt/httpd/conf/keystore.key" </VirtualHost> But when I try to restart Apache with "apachectl restart" (yes after shutting down that other app I mentioned so it doesn't toy with https connections) I continuously get the error; "Invalid command 'SSLEngine', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration. httpd not running, trying to start" I've looked in the httpd/modules dir and indeed there is no mod_ssl, only mod_jk.so and httpd.exp. I've tried using yum to install mod_ssl, it says its already installed. Indeed I can locate mod_ssl.so in /usr/lib/httpd/modules but this is NOT the path to where I've installed httpd which is /opt/httpd and in fact /usr/lib/httpd contains nothing but the modules dir. Can anyone tell me how to install mod_ssl properly for my installed location of httpd so I can get past this error:

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