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  • How is conversion of float/double to int handled in printf?

    - by Sandip
    Consider this program int main() { float f = 11.22; double d = 44.55; int i,j; i = f; //cast float to int j = d; //cast double to int printf("i = %d, j = %d, f = %d, d = %d", i,j,f,d); //This prints the following: // i = 11, j = 44, f = -536870912, d = 1076261027 return 0; } Can someone explain why the casting from double/float to int works correctly in the first case, and does not work when done in printf? This program was compiled on gcc-4.1.2 on 32-bit linux machine. EDIT: Zach's answer seems logical, i.e. use of format specifiers to figure out what to pop off the stack. However then consider this follow up question: int main() { char c = 'd'; // sizeof c is 1, however sizeof character literal // 'd' is equal to sizeof(int) in ANSI C printf("lit = %c, lit = %d , c = %c, c = %d", 'd', 'd', c, c); //this prints: lit = d, lit = 100 , c = d, c = 100 //how does printf here pop off the right number of bytes even when //the size represented by format specifiers doesn't actually match //the size of the passed arguments(char(1 byte) & char_literal(4 bytes)) return 0; } How does this work?

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  • Python import error: Symbol not found, but the symbol <s>is</s> *is not* present in the file

    - by Autopulated
    I get this error when I try to import ssrc.spread: ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ssrc/_spread.so, 2): Symbol not found: __ZN17ssrcspread_v1_0_67Mailbox11ZeroTimeoutE The file in question (_spread.so) includes the symbol: $ nm _spread.so | grep _ZN17ssrcspread_v1_0_67Mailbox11ZeroTimeoutE U __ZN17ssrcspread_v1_0_67Mailbox11ZeroTimeoutE U __ZN17ssrcspread_v1_0_67Mailbox11ZeroTimeoutE (twice because the file is a fat ppc/x86 binary) EDIT: okay, as James points out, the U means that the symbol is undefined but required by the object file. With some more digging I've noticed (where I should have looked first...) these linker errors during compilation: CC=g++ CXX=g++ g++-4.0 -arch ppc -arch i386 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -O3 -I../.. -I../.. -I/usr/local/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -O2 -I/usr/local/include -std=c++98 -pipe -fno-gnu-keywords -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -o SsrcSpread.o -c SsrcSpread.cc CC=g++ CXX=g++ /bin/sh ../../libtool --tag=CXX --mode=link g++-4.0 -arch ppc -arch i386 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -F/Library/Frameworks -framework Python \ -pthread -D_REENTRANT -pedantic -Wall -Wno-long-long -Winline -Woverloaded-virtual -Wold-style-cast -Wsign-promo -L../../ssrc -lssrcspread -L/usr/local/lib -ltspread-core -o _spread.so SsrcSpread.o mkdir .libs g++-4.0 -arch ppc -arch i386 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -F/Library/Frameworks -framework Python -pthread -D_REENTRANT -pedantic -Wall -Wno-long-long -Winline -Woverloaded-virtual -Wold-style-cast -Wsign-promo -o _spread.so SsrcSpread.o -Wl,-bind_at_load -L/Dev/libssrcspread-1.0.6/ssrc /Dev/libssrcspread-1.0.6/ssrc/.libs/libssrcspread.a -L/usr/local/lib -ltspread-core ld: warning: in ~/Dev/libssrcspread-1.0.6/ssrc/.libs/libssrcspread.a, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (ppc) ld: warning: in /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk/usr/local/lib/libtspread-core.dylib, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (ppc) ld: warning: in /Dev/libssrcspread-1.0.6/ssrc/.libs/libssrcspread.a, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (i386) ld: warning: in /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk/usr/local/lib/libtspread-core.dylib, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (i386) I'm also not entirely sure that the 10.4 sdk is the right one for compiling python modules (but switching to 10.6 didn't seem to help).

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  • Get_user running at kernel mode returns error

    - by Fangkai Yang
    Hi, all, I have a problem with get_user() macro. What I did is as follows: I run the following program int main() { int a = 20; printf("address of a: %p", &a); sleep(200); return 0; } When the program runs, it outputs the address of a, say, 0xbff91914. Then I pass this address to a module running in Kernel Mode that retrieves the contents at this address (at the time when I did this, I also made sure the process didn't terminate, because I put it to sleep for 200 seconds... ): The address is firstly sent as a string, and I cast them into pointer type. int * ptr = (int*)simple_strtol(buffer, NULL,16); printk("address: %p",ptr); // I use this line to make sure the cast is correct. When running, it outputs bff91914, as expected. int val = 0; int res; res= get_user(val, (int*) ptr); However, res is always not 0, meaning that get_user returns error. I am wondering what is the problem.... Thank you!! -- Fangkai

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  • Custom pager in my Gridview 1st time works, next doesn't :

    - by gre3ns0ul
    Hi guys, i'm with one strange problem. I am extending a control from a Gridview, and adding a dropdown to paging to the page i want. In my custom gridview i added a ITemplate than contains 4 image buttons and one dropdownlist (4 images - 1st, prev, next, last) (1 ddl - to page) and add him to my custom gridview.. I added a selectindexchange event to dropdown, to fire when a index is changed The problem is: The first time i load the page with my control it is really ok.. but when i change index, in debug i see to run constructor of control, creating footer template, and guess.. the method of indexchange isn't fired and returns an exception saying: Unable to cast object of type 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.ImageButton' to type 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.Table'. [InvalidCastException: Unable to cast object of type 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.ImageButton' to type 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.Table'.] System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridView.PrepareControlHierarchy() +122 System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridView.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer, Boolean renderPanel) +50 System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridView.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer) +33 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter) +27 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter) +99 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer) +25 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children) +134 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer) +19 System.Web.UI.Control.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer) +10 ... apreciate for the help, thanks

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  • Enforce strong type checking in C (type strictness for typedefs)

    - by quinmars
    Is there a way to enforce explicit cast for typedefs of the same type? I've to deal with utf8 and sometimes I get confused with the indices for the character count and the byte count. So it be nice to have some typedefs: typedef unsigned int char_idx_t; typedef unsigned int byte_idx_t; With the addition that you need an explicit cast between them: char_idx_t a = 0; byte_idx_t b; b = a; // compile warning b = (byte_idx_t) a; // ok I know that such a feature doesn't exist in C, but maybe you know a trick or a compiler extension (preferable gcc) that does that. EDIT: I still don't really like the Hungarian notation in general, I couldn't used it for this problem because of project coding conventions, but I used it now in another similar case, where also the types are the same and the meanings are very similar. And I have to admit: it helps. I never would go and declare every integer with a starting "i", but as in Joel's example for overlapping types, it can be life saving.

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  • How do tools like Hiphop for PHP deal with heterogenous arrays?

    - by Derek Thurn
    I think HipHop for PHP is an interesting tool. It essentially converts PHP code into C++ code. Cross compiling in this manner seems like a great idea, but I have to wonder, how do they overcome the fundamental differences between the two type systems? One specific example of my general question is heterogeneous data structures. Statically typed languages don't tend to let you put arbitrary types into an array or other container because they need to be able to figure out the types on the other end. If I have a PHP array like this: $mixedBag = array("cat", 42, 8.5, false); How can this be represented in C++ code? One option would be to use void pointers (or the superior version, boost::any), but then you need to cast when you take stuff back out of the array... and I'm not at all convinced that the type inferencer can always figure out what to cast to at the other end. A better option, perhaps, would be something more like a union (or boost::variant), but then you need to enumerate all possible types at compile time... maybe possible, but certainly messy since arrays can contain arbitrarily complex entities. Does anyone know how HipHop and similar tools which go from a dynamic typing discipline to a static discipline handle these types of problems?

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  • Having an issue with Nullable MySQL columns in SubSonic 3.0 templates

    - by omegawkd
    Looking at this line in the Settings.ttinclude string CheckNullable(Column col){ string result=""; if(col.IsNullable && col.SysType !="byte[]" && col.SysType !="string") result="?"; return result; } It describes how it determines if the column is nullable based on requirements and returns either "" or "?" to the generated code. Now I'm not too familiar with the ? nullable type operator but from what I can see a cast is required. For instance, if I have a nullable integer MySQL column and I generate the code using the default template files it returns a line similar to this: int? _User_ID; When trying to compile the project I get the error: Cannot implicitly convert type 'int?' to 'int'. An explicit conversion exists (are you missing a cast?) I checked teh Settings files for the other database types and they all seems to have the same routine. So my question is, is this behaviour expected or is this a bug? I need to solve it one way or the other before I can procede. Thanks for your help.

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  • Is it possible to use SqlGeography with Linq to Sql?

    - by cofiem
    I've been having quite a few problems trying to use Microsoft.SqlServer.Types.SqlGeography. I know full well that support for this in Ling to Sql is not great. I've tried numerous ways, beginning with what would the expected way (Database type of geography, CLR type of SqlGeography). This produces the NotSupportedException, which is widely discussed via blogs. I've then gone down the path of treating the geography column as a varbinary(max), as geography is a UDT stored as binary. This seems to work fine (with some binary reading and writing extension methods). However, I'm now running into a rather obscure issue, which does not seem to have happened to many other people. System.InvalidCastException: Unable to cast object of type 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Types.SqlGeography' to type 'System.Byte[]'. This error is thrown from an ObjectMaterializer when iterating through a query. It seems to only occur when the tables containing geography columns are included in a query implicitly (ie. using the EntityRef<> properties to do joins). System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.ObjectReaderCompiler.ObjectReader`2.MoveNext() My question: If I'm retrieving the geography column as varbinary(max), I might expect the reverse error: can't cast byte[] to SqlGeography. That I would understand. This I don't. I do have some properies on the partial LINQ to SQL classes that hide the binary conversion... could those be the issue? Any help appreciated, and I know there's probably not enough information.

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  • Problem with LINQ in C#

    - by David Bonnici
    I am encountering a problem when using LINQ in C#, I am constantly getting "Specified cast is not valid". This is what I am trying to do. I create a class in which I declare all the columns of the table. [Table(Name="tbl_Aff")] public class Affiliate { [Column] public string name; [Column] public string firstname; [Column] public string surname; [Column] public string title; } I then declare a strongly typed DataContext in which I declare all Table collections as members of the context. public partial class Database : DataContext { public Table affiliate; public Database() : base(Settings.getConnectionString()) { } //This method gets the connection string by reading from an XML file. } public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Database database = new Database(); try { var q = from a in database.affiliate select a; foreach (var aff in q) // Here I get the error "Specified cast is not valid" { lblMessage.InnerHtml += aff.name + ""; } } catch (Exception ex) { System.Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } } }

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  • SQL Server - Complex Dynamic Pivot columns

    - by user972255
    I have two tables "Controls" and "ControlChilds" Parent Table Structure: Create table Controls( ProjectID Varchar(20) NOT NULL, ControlID INT NOT NULL, ControlCode Varchar(2) NOT NULL, ControlPoint Decimal NULL, ControlScore Decimal NULL, ControlValue Varchar(50) ) Sample Data ProjectID | ControlID | ControlCode | ControlPoint | ControlScore | ControlValue P001 1 A 30.44 65 Invalid P001 2 C 45.30 85 Valid Child Table Structure: Create table ControlChilds( ControlID INT NOT NULL, ControlChildID INT NOT NULL, ControlChildValue Varchar(200) NULL ) Sample Data ControlID | ControlChildID | ControlChildValue 1 100 Yes 1 101 No 1 102 NA 1 103 Others 2 104 Yes 2 105 SomeValue Output should be in a single row for a given ProjectID with all its Control values first & followed by child control values (based on the ControlCode (i.e.) ControlCode_Child (1, 2, 3...) and it should look like this Also, I tried this PIVOT query and I am able to get the ChildControls table values but I dont know how to get the Controls table values. DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX); DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX); select @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + QUOTENAME(ControlCode + '_Child' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION BY ControlCode ORDER BY ControlChildID) AS Varchar(25))) FROM Controls C INNER JOIN ControlChilds CC ON C.ControlID = CC.ControlID FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') , 1, 1, ''); SELECT @query ='SELECT * FROM ( SELECT (ControlCode + ''_Child'' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION BY ControlCode ORDER BY ControlChildID) AS Varchar(25))) As Code, ControlChildValue FROM Controls AS C INNER JOIN ControlChilds AS CC ON C.ControlID = CC.ControlID ) AS t PIVOT ( MAX(ControlChildValue) FOR Code IN( ' + @cols + ' )' + ' ) AS p ; '; execute(@query); Output I am getting: Can anyone please help me on how to get the Controls table values in front of each ControlChilds table values?

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  • Implicit Type Conversions in Reflection

    - by bradhe
    So I've written a quick bit of code to help quickly convert between business objects and view models. Not to pimp my own blog, but you can find the details here if you're interested or need to know. One issue I've run in to is that I have a custom collection type, ProductCollection, and I need to turn that in to a string[] in on my model. Obviously, since there is no default implicit cast, I'm getting an exception in my contract converter. So, I thought I would write the next little bit of code and that should solve the problem: public static implicit operator string[](ProductCollection collection) { var list = new List<string>(); foreach (var product in collection) { if (product.Id == null) { list.Add(null); } else { list.Add(product.Id.ToString()); } } return list.ToArray(); } However, it still fails with the same cast exception. I'm wondering if it has something to do with being in reflection? If so, is there anything that I can do here?? I'm open to architectural solutions, too!

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  • How do actually castings work at the CLR level?

    - by devoured elysium
    When doing an upcast or downcast, what does really happen behind the scenes? I had the idea that when doing something as: string myString = "abc"; object myObject = myString; string myStringBack = (string)myObject; the cast in the last line would have as only purpose tell the compiler we are safe we are not doing anything wrong. So, I had the idea that actually no casting code would be embedded in the code itself. It seems I was wrong: .maxstack 1 .locals init ( [0] string myString, [1] object myObject, [2] string myStringBack) L_0000: nop L_0001: ldstr "abc" L_0006: stloc.0 L_0007: ldloc.0 L_0008: stloc.1 L_0009: ldloc.1 L_000a: castclass string L_000f: stloc.2 L_0010: ret Why does the CLR need something like castclass string? There are two possible implementations for a downcast: You require a castclass something. When you get to the line of code that does an castclass, the CLR tries to make the cast. But then, what would happen had I ommited the castclass string line and tried to run the code? You don't require a castclass. As all reference types have a similar internal structure, if you try to use a string on an Form instance, it will throw an exception of wrong usage (because it detects a Form is not a string or any of its subtypes). Also, is the following statamente from C# 4.0 in a Nutshell correct? Upcasting and downcasting between compatible reference types performs reference conversions: a new reference is created that points to the same object. Does it really create a new reference? I thought it'd be the same reference, only stored in a different type of variable. Thanks

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  • Java RMI Proxy issue

    - by Antony Lewis
    i am getting this error : java.lang.ClassCastException: $Proxy0 cannot be cast to rmi.engine.Call at Main.main(Main.java:39) my abstract and call class both extend remote. call: public class Call extends UnicastRemoteObject implements rmi.engine.Abstract { public Call() throws Exception { super(Store.PORT, new RClient(), new RServer()); } public String getHello() { System.out.println("CONN"); return "HEY"; } } abstract: public interface Abstract extends Remote { String getHello() throws RemoteException; } this is my main: public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length == 0) { try { System.out.println("We are slave "); InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); Registry rr = LocateRegistry.getRegistry(ip.getHostAddress(), Store.PORT, new RClient()); Object ss = rr.lookup("FILLER"); System.out.println(ss.getClass().getCanonicalName()); System.out.println(((Call)ss).getHello()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } else { if (args[0].equals("master")) { // Start Master try { RMIServer.start(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } Netbeans says the problem is on line 39 which is System.out.println(((Call)ss).getHello()); the output looks like this: run: We are slave Connecting 10.0.0.212:5225 $Proxy0 java.lang.ClassCastException: $Proxy0 cannot be cast to rmi.engine.Call at Main.main(Main.java:39) BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 1 second) i am running a master in cmd listening on port 5225.

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  • LLVM: Passing a pointer to a struct, which holds a pointer to a function, to a JIT function

    - by Rusky
    I have an LLVM (version 2.7) module with a function that takes a pointer to a struct. That struct contains a function pointer to a C++ function. The module function is going to be JIT-compiled, and I need to build that struct in C++ using the LLVM API. I can't seem get the pointer to the function as an LLVM value, let alone pass a pointer to the ConstantStruct that I can't build. I'm not sure if I'm even on the track, but this is what I have so far: void print(char*); vector<Constant*> functions; functions.push_back(ConstantExpr::getIntToPtr( ConstantInt::get(Type::getInt32Ty(context), (int)print), /* function pointer type here, FunctionType::get(...) doesn't seem to work */ )); ConstantStruct* struct = cast<ConstantStruct>(ConstantStruct::get( cast<StructType>(m->getTypeByName("printer")), functions )); Function* main = m->getFunction("main"); vector<GenericValue> args; args[0].PointerVal = /* not sure what goes here */ ee->runFunction(main, args);

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  • OOP C# Question: Making a Fruit a Pear

    - by Adam Kane
    Given that I have an instance of Fruit with some properties set, and I want to get those properties into a new Pear instance (because this particular Fruit happens to have the qualities of a pear), what's the best way to achieve this effect? For example, what we can't do is simple cast a Fruit to a Pear, because not all Fruits are Pears: public static class PearGenerator { public static Pear CreatePear () { // Make a new generic fruit. Fruit genericFruit = new Fruit(); // Upcast it to a pear. (Throws exception: Can't cast a Fruit to a Pear.) Pear pear = (Pear)genericFruit; // Return freshly grown pear. return ( pear ); } } public class Fruit { // some code } public class Pear : Fruit { public void PutInPie () { // some code } } Thanks! Update: I don't control the "new Fruit()" code. My starting point is that I've got a Fruit to work with. I need to get that Fruit into a new Pear somehow. Maybe copy all the properties one by one?

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  • Is there any performance issue using Row_Number to implement table paging in Sql Server 2008?

    - by majkinetor
    I want to implement table paging using this method: SET @PageNum = 2; SET @PageSize = 10; WITH OrdersRN AS ( SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY OrderDate, OrderID) AS RowNum ,* FROM dbo.Orders ) SELECT * FROM OrdersRN WHERE RowNum BETWEEN (@PageNum - 1) * @PageSize + 1 AND @PageNum * @PageSize ORDER BY OrderDate ,OrderID; Is there anything I should be aware of ? Table has millions of records. Thx. EDIT: After using suggested MAXROWS method for some time (which works really really fast) I had to switch back to ROW_NUMBER method because of its greater flexibility. I am also very happy about its speed so far (I am working with View having more then 1M records with 10 columns). To use any kind of query I use following modification: PROCEDURE [dbo].[PageSelect] ( @Sql nvarchar(512), @OrderBy nvarchar(128) = 'Id', @PageNum int = 1, @PageSize int = 0 ) AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON Declare @tsql as nvarchar(1024) Declare @i int, @j int if (@PageSize <= 0) OR (@PageSize > 10000) SET @PageSize = 10000 -- never return more then 10K records SET @i = (@PageNum - 1) * @PageSize + 1 SET @j = @PageNum * @PageSize SET @tsql = 'WITH MyTableOrViewRN AS ( SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY ' + @OrderBy + ') AS RowNum ,* FROM MyTableOrView WHERE ' + @Sql + ' ) SELECT * FROM MyTableOrViewRN WHERE RowNum BETWEEN ' + CAST(@i as varchar) + ' AND ' + cast(@j as varchar) exec(@tsql) END If you use this procedure make sure u prevented sql injection.

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  • Omit return type in C++0x

    - by Clinton
    I've recently found myself using the following macro with gcc 4.5 in C++0x mode: #define RETURN(x) -> decltype(x) { return x; } And writing functions like this: template <class T> auto f(T&& x) RETURN (( g(h(std::forward<T>(x))) )) I've been doing this to avoid the inconvenience having to effectively write the function body twice, and having keep changes in the body and the return type in sync (which in my opinion is a disaster waiting to happen). The problem is that this technique only works on one line functions. So when I have something like this (convoluted example): template <class T> auto f(T&& x) -> ... { auto y1 = f(x); auto y2 = h(y1, g1(x)); auto y3 = h(y1, g2(x)); if (y1) { ++y3; } return h2(y2, y3); } Then I have to put something horrible in the return type. Furthermore, whenever I update the function, I'll need to change the return type, and if I don't change it correctly, I'll get a compile error if I'm lucky, or a runtime bug in the worse case. Having to copy and paste changes to two locations and keep them in sync I feel is not good practice. And I can't think of a situation where I'd want an implicit cast on return instead of an explicit cast. Surely there is a way to ask the compiler to deduce this information. What is the point of the compiler keeping it a secret? I thought C++0x was designed so such duplication would not be required.

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  • Linq-to-XML explicit casting in a generic method

    - by vlad
    I've looked for a similar question, but the only one that was close didn't help me in the end. I have an XML file that looks like this: <Fields> <Field name="abc" value="2011-01-01" /> <Field name="xyz" value="" /> <Field name="tuv" value="123.456" /> </Fields> I'm trying to use Linq-to-XML to get the values from these fields. The values can be of type Decimal, DateTime, String and Int32. I was able to get the fields one by one using a relatively simple query. For example, I'm getting the 'value' from the field with the name 'abc' using the following: private DateTime GetValueFromAttribute(IEnumerable<XElement> fields, String attName) { return (from field in fields where field.Attribute("name").Value == "abc" select (DateTime)field.Attribute("value")).FirstOrDefault() } this is placed in a separate function that simply returns this value, and everything works fine (since I know that there is only one element with the name attribute set to 'abc'). however, since I have to do this for decimals and integers and dates, I was wondering if I can make a generic function that works in all cases. this is where I got stuck. here's what I have so far: private T GetValueFromAttribute<T>(IEnumerable<XElement> fields, String attName) { return (from field in fields where field.Attribute("name").Value == attName select (T)field.Attribute("value").Value).FirstOrDefault(); } this doesn't compile because it doesn't know how to convert from String to T. I tried boxing and unboxing (i.e. select (T) (Object) field.Attribute("value").Value but that throws a runtime Specified cast is not valid exception as it's trying to convert the String to a DateTime, for instance. Is this possible in a generic function? can I put a constraint on the generic function to make it work? or do I have to have separate functions to take advantage of Linq-to-XML's explicit cast operators?

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  • Void* array casting to float, int32, int16, etc.

    - by Griffin
    Hey guys, I've got an array of PCM data, it could be 16 bit, 24 bit packed, 32 bit, etc.. It could be signed, or unsigned, and it could be 32 or 64 bit floating point. It is currently stored as a "void**" matrix, indexed by channel, then by frame. The goal is to allow my library to take in any PCM format and buffer it, without requiring manipulation of the data to fit a designated structure. If the A/D converter spits out 24 bit packed arrays of interleaved PCM, I need to accept it gracefully. I also need to support 16 bit non interleaved, as well as any permutation of the above formats. I know the bit depth and other information at runtime, and I'm trying to code efficiently while not duplicating code. What I need is an effective way to cast the matrix, put PCM data into the matrix, and then pull it out later. I can cast the matrix to int32_t, or int16_t for the 32 and 16 bit signed PCM respectively, I'll probably have to store the 24 bit PCM in an int32_t for 32 bit, 8 bit byte systems as well. Can anyone recommend a good way to put data into this array, and pull it out later? I'd like to avoid large sections of code which look like: switch( mFormat ) { case 1: // unsigned 8 bit for( int i = 0; i < mChannels; i++ ) framesArray = (uint8_t*)pcm[i]; break; case 2: // signed 8 bit for( int i = 0; i < mChannels; i++ ) framesArray = (int8_t*)pcm[i]; break; case 3: // unsigned 16 bit ... Limitations: I'm working in C/C++, no templates, no RTTI, no STL. Think embedded. Things get trickier when I have to port this to a DSP with 16 bit bytes. Does anybody have any useful macros they might be willing to share? Thanks, -Griff

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  • Conditional row count in linq to nhibernate doesn't work

    - by Lucasus
    I want to translate following simple sql query into Linq to NHibernate: SELECT NewsId ,sum(n.UserHits) as 'HitsNumber' ,sum(CASE WHEN n.UserHits > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as 'VisitorsNumber' FROM UserNews n GROUP BY n.NewsId My simplified UserNews class: public class AktualnosciUzytkownik { public virtual int UserNewsId { get; set; } public virtual int UserHits { get; set; } public virtual User User { get; set; } // UserId key in db table public virtual News News { get; set; } // NewsId key in db table } I've written following linq query: var hitsPerNews = (from n in Session.Query<UserNews>() group n by n.News.NewsId into g select new { NewsId = g.Key, HitsNumber = g.Sum(x => x.UserHits), VisitorsNumber = g.Count(x => x.UserHits > 0) }).ToList(); But generated sql just ignores my x => x.UserHits > 0 statement and makes unnecessary 'left outer join': SELECT news1_.NewsId AS col_0_0_, CAST(SUM(news0_.UserHits) AS INT) AS col_1_0_, CAST(COUNT(*) AS INT) AS col_2_0_ FROM UserNews news0_ LEFT OUTER JOIN News news1_ ON news0_.NewsId=news1_.NewsId GROUP BY news1_.NewsId How Can I fix or workaround this issue? Maybe this can be done better with QueryOver syntax?

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  • byte + byte = int... why?

    - by Robert C. Cartaino
    Looking at this C# code... byte x = 1; byte y = 2; byte z = x + y; // ERROR: Cannot implicitly convert type 'int' to 'byte' The result of any math performed on byte (or short) types is implicitly cast back to an integer. The solution is to explicitly cast the result back to a byte, so... byte z = (byte)(x + y); // works What I am wondering is why? Is it architectural? Philosophical? We have: int + int = int long + long = long float + float = float double + double = double So why not: byte + byte = byte short + short = short ? A bit of background: I am performing a long list of calculations on "small numbers" (i.e. < 8) and storing the intermediate results in a large array. Using a byte array (instead of an int array) is faster (because of cache hits). But the extensive byte-casts spread through the code make it that much more unreadable.

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  • How is timezone handled in the lifecycle of an ADO.NET + SQL Server DateTime column?

    - by stimpy77
    Using SQL Server 2008. This is a really junior question and I could really use some elaborate information, but the information on Google seems to dance around the topic quite a bit and it would be nice if there was some detailed elaboration on how this works... Let's say I have a datetime column and in ADO.NET I set it to DateTime.UtcNow. 1) Does SQL Server store DateTime.UtcNow accordingly, or does it offset it again based on the timezone of where the server is installed, and then return it offset-reversed when queried? I think I know that the answer is "of course it stores it without offsetting it again" but want to be certain. So then I query for it and cast it from, say, an IDataReader column to a DateTime. As far as I know, System.DateTime has metadata that internally tracks whether it is a UTC DateTime or it is an offsetted DateTime, which may or may not cause .ToLocalTime() and .ToUniversalTime() to have different behavior depending on this state. So, 2) Does this casted System.DateTime object already know that it is a UTC DateTime instance, or does it assume that it has been offset? Now let's say I don't use UtcNow, I use DateTime.Now, when performing an ADO.NET INSERT or UPDATE. 3) Does ADO.NET pass the offset to SQL Server and does SQL Server store DateTime.Now with the offset metadata? So then I query for it and cast it from, say, an IDataReader column to a DateTime. 4) Does this casted System.DateTime object already know that it is an offset time, or does it assume that it is UTC?

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  • Jersey, JAXB and getting an objectextending an abstract class as a parameter

    - by krajol
    I want to get an object as a parameter of a POST request. I got an abstract superclass that is called Promotion and subclasses Product and Percent. Here's how I try to get a request: @POST @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) @Path("promotion/") public Promotion createPromotion(Promotion promotion) { Product p = (Product) promotion; System.out.println(p.getPriceAfter()); return promotion; } and here's how I use JAXB in classes' definitions: @XmlRootElement(name="promotion") @XmlSeeAlso({Product.class,Percent.class}) public abstract class Promotion { //body } @XmlRootElement(name="promotion") public class Product extends Promotion { //body } @XmlRootElement(name="promotion") public class Percent extends Promotion { //body } So the problem now is when I send a POST request with a body like this: <promotion> <priceBefore>34.5</priceBefore> <marked>false</marked> <distance>44</distance> </promotion> and I try to cast it to Product (as in this case, fields 'marked' and 'distance' are from Promotion class and 'priceBefore' is from Product class) I get an Exception: java.lang.ClassCastException: Percent cannot be cast to Product. It seems like Percent is chosen as a 'default' subclass. Why is that and how can I get an object that is a Product?

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  • Casting pointer to object to void * in C++

    - by JB
    I've been reading StackOverflow too much and started doubting all the code I've ever written, I keep thinking "Is that undefined behavour?" even in code that has been working for ages. So my question - Is it safe and well defined behavour to cast a pointer to an object (In this case abstract interface classes) to a void* and then later on cast them back to the original class and call method using them? I'm fully aware that the code that does this is probably awful. I wouldn't even consider writing it like this now (this is old code which I don't really want to change), so I'm not looking for a discussion of better ways to do this. I already know how to write it better if I ever did this again. But if it's actually broken to rely on this in C++ then I'll have to look at changing the code, if it's merely awful code then changing it won't be a priority. I would have had no doubts about something this simple a year or two ago but as my understanding of C++ increases I actually find I have more and more worries about code being safe under the standards even if it works perfectly well. Perhaps reading too much stack overflow is a bad thing for productivity sometimes :P

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  • Access array of c-structs using Python ctypes

    - by sadris
    I have a C-function that allocates memory at the address passed to and is accessed via Python. The pointer contents does contain an array of structs in the C code, but I am unable to get ctypes to access the array properly beyond the 0th element. How can I get the proper memory offset to be able to access the non-zero elements? Python's ctypes.memset is complaining about TypeErrors if I try to use their ctypes.memset function. typedef struct td_Group { unsigned int group_id; char groupname[256]; char date_created[32]; char date_modified[32]; unsigned int user_modified; unsigned int user_created; } Group; int getGroups(LIBmanager * handler, Group ** unallocatedPointer); ############# python code below: class Group(Structure): _fields_ = [("group_id", c_uint), ("groupname", c_char*256), ("date_created", c_char*32), ("date_modified", c_char*32), ("user_modified", c_uint), ("user_created", c_uint)] myGroups = c_void_p() count = libnativetest.getGroups( nativePointer, byref(myGroups) ) casted = cast( myGroups, POINTER(Group*count) ) for x in range(0,count): theGroup = cast( casted[x], POINTER(Group) ) # this only works for the first entry in the array: print "~~~~~~~~~~" + theGroup.contents.groupname Related: Access c_char_p_Array_256 in Python using ctypes

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