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  • How to restore your production database without needing additional storage

    - by David Atkinson
    Production databases can get very large. This in itself is to be expected, but when a copy of the database is needed the database must be restored, requiring additional and costly storage.  For example, if you want to give each developer a full copy of your production server, you'll need n times the storage cost for your n-developer team. The same is true for any test databases that are created during the course of your project lifecycle. If you've read my previous blog posts, you'll be aware that I've been focusing on the database continuous integration theme. In my CI setup I create a "production"-equivalent database directly from its source control representation, and use this to test my upgrade scripts. Despite this being a perfectly valid and practical thing to do as part of a CI setup, it's not the exact equivalent to running the upgrade script on a copy of the actual production database. So why shouldn't I instead simply restore the most recent production backup as part of my CI process? There are two reasons why this would be impractical. 1. My CI environment isn't an exact copy of my production environment. Indeed, this would be the case in a perfect world, and it is strongly recommended as a good practice if you follow Jez Humble and David Farley's "Continuous Delivery" teachings, but in practical terms this might not always be possible, especially where storage is concerned. It may just not be possible to restore a huge production database on the environment you've been allotted. 2. It's not just about the storage requirements, it's also the time it takes to do the restore. The whole point of continuous integration is that you are alerted as early as possible whether the build (yes, the database upgrade script counts!) is broken. If I have to run an hour-long restore each time I commit a change to source control I'm just not going to get the feedback quickly enough to react. So what's the solution? Red Gate has a technology, SQL Virtual Restore, that is able to restore a database without using up additional storage. Although this sounds too good to be true, the explanation is quite simple (although I'm sure the technical implementation details under the hood are quite complex!) Instead of restoring the backup in the conventional sense, SQL Virtual Restore will effectively mount the backup using its HyperBac technology. It creates a data and log file, .vmdf, and .vldf, that becomes the delta between the .bak file and the virtual database. This means that both read and write operations are permitted on a virtual database as from SQL Server's point of view it is no different from a conventional database. Instead of doubling the storage requirements upon a restore, there is no 'duplicate' storage requirements, other than the trivially small virtual log and data files (see illustration below). The benefit is magnified the more databases you mount to the same backup file. This technique could be used to provide a large development team a full development instance of a large production database. It is also incredibly easy to set up. Once SQL Virtual Restore is installed, you simply run a conventional RESTORE command to create the virtual database. This is what I have running as part of a nightly "release test" process triggered by my CI tool. RESTORE DATABASE WidgetProduction_virtual FROM DISK=N'C:\WidgetWF\ProdBackup\WidgetProduction.bak' WITH MOVE N'WidgetProduction' TO N'C:\WidgetWF\ProdBackup\WidgetProduction_WidgetProduction_Virtual.vmdf', MOVE N'WidgetProduction_log' TO N'C:\WidgetWF\ProdBackup\WidgetProduction_log_WidgetProduction_Virtual.vldf', NORECOVERY, STATS=1, REPLACE GO RESTORE DATABASE mydatabase WITH RECOVERY   Note the only change from what you would do normally is the naming of the .vmdf and .vldf files. SQL Virtual Restore intercepts this by monitoring the extension and applies its magic, ensuring the 'virtual' restore happens rather than the conventional storage-heavy restore. My automated release test then applies the upgrade scripts to the virtual production database and runs some validation tests, giving me confidence that were I to run this on production for real, all would go smoothly. For illustration, here is my 8Gb production database: And its corresponding backup file: Here are the .vldf and .vmdf files, which represent the only additional used storage for the new database following the virtual restore.   The beauty of this product is its simplicity. Once it is installed, the interaction with the backup and virtual database is exactly the same as before, as the clever stuff is being done at a lower level. SQL Virtual Restore can be downloaded as a fully functional 14-day trial. Technorati Tags: SQL Server

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  • How to restore your production database without needing additional storage

    - by David Atkinson
    Production databases can get very large. This in itself is to be expected, but when a copy of the database is needed the database must be restored, requiring additional and costly storage.  For example, if you want to give each developer a full copy of your production server, you’ll need n times the storage cost for your n-developer team. The same is true for any test databases that are created during the course of your project lifecycle. If you’ve read my previous blog posts, you’ll be aware that I’ve been focusing on the database continuous integration theme. In my CI setup I create a “production”-equivalent database directly from its source control representation, and use this to test my upgrade scripts. Despite this being a perfectly valid and practical thing to do as part of a CI setup, it’s not the exact equivalent to running the upgrade script on a copy of the actual production database. So why shouldn’t I instead simply restore the most recent production backup as part of my CI process? There are two reasons why this would be impractical. 1. My CI environment isn’t an exact copy of my production environment. Indeed, this would be the case in a perfect world, and it is strongly recommended as a good practice if you follow Jez Humble and David Farley’s “Continuous Delivery” teachings, but in practical terms this might not always be possible, especially where storage is concerned. It may just not be possible to restore a huge production database on the environment you’ve been allotted. 2. It’s not just about the storage requirements, it’s also the time it takes to do the restore. The whole point of continuous integration is that you are alerted as early as possible whether the build (yes, the database upgrade script counts!) is broken. If I have to run an hour-long restore each time I commit a change to source control I’m just not going to get the feedback quickly enough to react. So what’s the solution? Red Gate has a technology, SQL Virtual Restore, that is able to restore a database without using up additional storage. Although this sounds too good to be true, the explanation is quite simple (although I’m sure the technical implementation details under the hood are quite complex!) Instead of restoring the backup in the conventional sense, SQL Virtual Restore will effectively mount the backup using its HyperBac technology. It creates a data and log file, .vmdf, and .vldf, that becomes the delta between the .bak file and the virtual database. This means that both read and write operations are permitted on a virtual database as from SQL Server’s point of view it is no different from a conventional database. Instead of doubling the storage requirements upon a restore, there is no ‘duplicate’ storage requirements, other than the trivially small virtual log and data files (see illustration below). The benefit is magnified the more databases you mount to the same backup file. This technique could be used to provide a large development team a full development instance of a large production database. It is also incredibly easy to set up. Once SQL Virtual Restore is installed, you simply run a conventional RESTORE command to create the virtual database. This is what I have running as part of a nightly “release test” process triggered by my CI tool. RESTORE DATABASE WidgetProduction_Virtual FROM DISK=N'D:\VirtualDatabase\WidgetProduction.bak' WITH MOVE N'WidgetProduction' TO N'C:\WidgetWF\ProdBackup\WidgetProduction_WidgetProduction_Virtual.vmdf', MOVE N'WidgetProduction_log' TO N'C:\WidgetWF\ProdBackup\WidgetProduction_log_WidgetProduction_Virtual.vldf', NORECOVERY, STATS=1, REPLACE GO RESTORE DATABASE WidgetProduction_Virtual WITH RECOVERY   Note the only change from what you would do normally is the naming of the .vmdf and .vldf files. SQL Virtual Restore intercepts this by monitoring the extension and applies its magic, ensuring the ‘virtual’ restore happens rather than the conventional storage-heavy restore. My automated release test then applies the upgrade scripts to the virtual production database and runs some validation tests, giving me confidence that were I to run this on production for real, all would go smoothly. For illustration, here is my 8Gb production database: And its corresponding backup file: Here are the .vldf and .vmdf files, which represent the only additional used storage for the new database following the virtual restore.   The beauty of this product is its simplicity. Once it is installed, the interaction with the backup and virtual database is exactly the same as before, as the clever stuff is being done at a lower level. SQL Virtual Restore can be downloaded as a fully functional 14-day trial. Technorati Tags: SQL Server

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  • Do Not Optimize Without Measuring

    - by Alois Kraus
    Recently I had to do some performance work which included reading a lot of code. It is fascinating with what ideas people come up to solve a problem. Especially when there is no problem. When you look at other peoples code you will not be able to tell if it is well performing or not by reading it. You need to execute it with some sort of tracing or even better under a profiler. The first rule of the performance club is not to think and then to optimize but to measure, think and then optimize. The second rule is to do this do this in a loop to prevent slipping in bad things for too long into your code base. If you skip for some reason the measure step and optimize directly it is like changing the wave function in quantum mechanics. This has no observable effect in our world since it does represent only a probability distribution of all possible values. In quantum mechanics you need to let the wave function collapse to a single value. A collapsed wave function has therefore not many but one distinct value. This is what we physicists call a measurement. If you optimize your application without measuring it you are just changing the probability distribution of your potential performance values. Which performance your application actually has is still unknown. You only know that it will be within a specific range with a certain probability. As usual there are unlikely values within your distribution like a startup time of 20 minutes which should only happen once in 100 000 years. 100 000 years are a very short time when the first customer tries your heavily distributed networking application to run over a slow WIFI network… What is the point of this? Every programmer/architect has a mental performance model in his head. A model has always a set of explicit preconditions and a lot more implicit assumptions baked into it. When the model is good it will help you to think of good designs but it can also be the source of problems. In real world systems not all assumptions of your performance model (implicit or explicit) hold true any longer. The only way to connect your performance model and the real world is to measure it. In the WIFI example the model did assume a low latency high bandwidth LAN connection. If this assumption becomes wrong the system did have a drastic change in startup time. Lets look at a example. Lets assume we want to cache some expensive UI resource like fonts objects. For this undertaking we do create a Cache class with the UI themes we want to support. Since Fonts are expensive objects we do create it on demand the first time the theme is requested. A simple example of a Theme cache might look like this: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Drawing; struct Theme { public Color Color; public Font Font; } static class ThemeCache { static Dictionary<string, Theme> _Cache = new Dictionary<string, Theme> { {"Default", new Theme { Color = Color.AliceBlue }}, {"Theme12", new Theme { Color = Color.Aqua }}, }; public static Theme Get(string theme) { Theme cached = _Cache[theme]; if (cached.Font == null) { Console.WriteLine("Creating new font"); cached.Font = new Font("Arial", 8); } return cached; } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Theme item = ThemeCache.Get("Theme12"); item = ThemeCache.Get("Theme12"); } } This cache does create font objects only once since on first retrieve of the Theme object the font is added to the Theme object. When we let the application run it should print “Creating new font” only once. Right? Wrong! The vigilant readers have spotted the issue already. The creator of this cache class wanted to get maximum performance. So he decided that the Theme object should be a value type (struct) to not put too much pressure on the garbage collector. The code Theme cached = _Cache[theme]; if (cached.Font == null) { Console.WriteLine("Creating new font"); cached.Font = new Font("Arial", 8); } does work with a copy of the value stored in the dictionary. This means we do mutate a copy of the Theme object and return it to our caller. But the original Theme object in the dictionary will have always null for the Font field! The solution is to change the declaration of struct Theme to class Theme or to update the theme object in the dictionary. Our cache as it is currently is actually a non caching cache. The funny thing was that I found out with a profiler by looking at which objects where finalized. I found way too many font objects to be finalized. After a bit debugging I found the allocation source for Font objects was this cache. Since this cache was there for years it means that the cache was never needed since I found no perf issue due to the creation of font objects. the cache was never profiled if it did bring any performance gain. to make the cache beneficial it needs to be accessed much more often. That was the story of the non caching cache. Next time I will write something something about measuring.

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  • Persisting settings without using Options dialog in Visual Studio

    - by Utkarsh Shigihalli
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/onlyutkarsh/archive/2013/11/02/persisting-settings-without-using-options-dialog-in-visual-studio.aspxIn one of my previous blog post we have seen persisting settings using Visual Studio's options dialog. Visual Studio options has many advantages in automatically persisting user options for you. However, during our latest Team Rooms extension development, we decided to provide our users; ability to use our preferences directly from Team Explorer. The main reason was that we had only one simple option for user and we thought it is cumbersome for user to go to Tools –> Options dialog to change this. Another reason was, we wanted to highlight this setting to user as soon as he is using our extension.   So if you are in such a scenario where you do not want to use VS options window, but still would like to persist the settings, this post will guide you through. Visual Studio SDK provides two ways to persist settings in your extensions. One is using DialogPage as shown in my previous post. Another way is to use by implementing IProfileManager interface which I will explain in this post. Please note that the class implementing IProfileManager should be independent class. This is because, VS instantiates this class during Tools –> Import and Export Settings. IProfileManager provides 2 different sets of methods (total 4 methods) to persist the settings. They are LoadSettingsFromXml and SaveSettingsToXml – Implement these methods to persist settings to disk from VS settings storage. The VS will persist your settings along with other options to disk. LoadSettingsFromStorage and SaveSettingsToStorage – Implement these methods to persist settings to local storage, usually it be registry. VS calls LoadSettingsFromStorage method when it is initializing the package too. We are going to use the 2nd set of methods for this example. First, we are creating a separate class file called UserOptions.cs. Please note that, we also need to implement IComponent, which can be done by inheriting Component along with IProfileManager. [ComVisible(true)] [Guid("XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX")] public class UserOptions : Component, IProfileManager { private const string SUBKEY_NAME = "TForVS2013"; private const string TRAY_NOTIFICATIONS_STRING = "TrayNotifications"; ... } Define the property so that it can be used to set and get from other classes. public bool TrayNotifications { get; set; } Implement the members of IProfileManager. public void LoadSettingsFromStorage() { RegistryKey reg = null; try { using (reg = Package.UserRegistryRoot.OpenSubKey(SUBKEY_NAME)) { if (reg != null) { // Key already exists, so just update this setting. TrayNotifications = Convert.ToBoolean(reg.GetValue(TRAY_NOTIFICATIONS_STRING, true)); } } } catch (TeamRoomException exception) { TrayNotifications = true; ExceptionReporting.Report(exception); } finally { if (reg != null) { reg.Close(); } } } public void LoadSettingsFromXml(IVsSettingsReader reader) { reader.ReadSettingBoolean(TRAY_NOTIFICATIONS_STRING, out _isTrayNotificationsEnabled); TrayNotifications = (_isTrayNotificationsEnabled == 1); } public void ResetSettings() { } public void SaveSettingsToStorage() { RegistryKey reg = null; try { using (reg = Package.UserRegistryRoot.OpenSubKey(SUBKEY_NAME, true)) { if (reg != null) { // Key already exists, so just update this setting. reg.SetValue(TRAY_NOTIFICATIONS_STRING, TrayNotifications); } else { reg = Package.UserRegistryRoot.CreateSubKey(SUBKEY_NAME); reg.SetValue(TRAY_NOTIFICATIONS_STRING, TrayNotifications); } } } catch (TeamRoomException exception) { ExceptionReporting.Report(exception); } finally { if (reg != null) { reg.Close(); } } } public void SaveSettingsToXml(IVsSettingsWriter writer) { writer.WriteSettingBoolean(TRAY_NOTIFICATIONS_STRING, TrayNotifications ? 1 : 0); } Let me elaborate on the method implementation. The Package class provides UserRegistryRoot (which is HKCU\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0 for VS2013) property which can be used to create and read the registry keys. So basically, in the methods above, I am checking if the registry key exists already and if not, I simply create it. Also, in case there is an exception I return the default values. If the key already exists, I update the value. Also, note that you need to make sure that you close the key while exiting from the method. Very simple right? Accessing and settings is simple too. We just need to use the exposed property. UserOptions.TrayNotifications = true; UserOptions.SaveSettingsToStorage(); Reading settings is as simple as reading a property. UserOptions.LoadSettingsFromStorage(); var trayNotifications = UserOptions.TrayNotifications; Lastly, the most important step. We need to tell Visual Studio shell that our package exposes options using the UserOptions class. For this we need to decorate our package class with ProvideProfile attribute as below. [ProvideProfile(typeof(UserOptions), "TForVS2013", "TeamRooms", 110, 110, false, DescriptionResourceID = 401)] public sealed class TeamRooms : Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.Package { ... } That's it. If everything is alright, once you run the package you will also see your options appearing in "Import Export settings" window, which allows you to export your options.

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  • How to restore your production database without needing additional storage

    - by David Atkinson
    Production databases can get very large. This in itself is to be expected, but when a copy of the database is needed the database must be restored, requiring additional and costly storage.  For example, if you want to give each developer a full copy of your production server, you'll need n times the storage cost for your n-developer team. The same is true for any test databases that are created during the course of your project lifecycle. If you've read my previous blog posts, you'll be aware that I've been focusing on the database continuous integration theme. In my CI setup I create a "production"-equivalent database directly from its source control representation, and use this to test my upgrade scripts. Despite this being a perfectly valid and practical thing to do as part of a CI setup, it's not the exact equivalent to running the upgrade script on a copy of the actual production database. So why shouldn't I instead simply restore the most recent production backup as part of my CI process? There are two reasons why this would be impractical. 1. My CI environment isn't an exact copy of my production environment. Indeed, this would be the case in a perfect world, and it is strongly recommended as a good practice if you follow Jez Humble and David Farley's "Continuous Delivery" teachings, but in practical terms this might not always be possible, especially where storage is concerned. It may just not be possible to restore a huge production database on the environment you've been allotted. 2. It's not just about the storage requirements, it's also the time it takes to do the restore. The whole point of continuous integration is that you are alerted as early as possible whether the build (yes, the database upgrade script counts!) is broken. If I have to run an hour-long restore each time I commit a change to source control I'm just not going to get the feedback quickly enough to react. So what's the solution? Red Gate has a technology, SQL Virtual Restore, that is able to restore a database without using up additional storage. Although this sounds too good to be true, the explanation is quite simple (although I'm sure the technical implementation details under the hood are quite complex!) Instead of restoring the backup in the conventional sense, SQL Virtual Restore will effectively mount the backup using its HyperBac technology. It creates a data and log file, .vmdf, and .vldf, that becomes the delta between the .bak file and the virtual database. This means that both read and write operations are permitted on a virtual database as from SQL Server's point of view it is no different from a conventional database. Instead of doubling the storage requirements upon a restore, there is no 'duplicate' storage requirements, other than the trivially small virtual log and data files (see illustration below). The benefit is magnified the more databases you mount to the same backup file. This technique could be used to provide a large development team a full development instance of a large production database. It is also incredibly easy to set up. Once SQL Virtual Restore is installed, you simply run a conventional RESTORE command to create the virtual database. This is what I have running as part of a nightly "release test" process triggered by my CI tool. RESTORE DATABASE WidgetProduction_virtual FROM DISK=N'C:\WidgetWF\ProdBackup\WidgetProduction.bak' WITH MOVE N'WidgetProduction' TO N'C:\WidgetWF\ProdBackup\WidgetProduction_WidgetProduction_Virtual.vmdf', MOVE N'WidgetProduction_log' TO N'C:\WidgetWF\ProdBackup\WidgetProduction_log_WidgetProduction_Virtual.vldf', NORECOVERY, STATS=1, REPLACE GO RESTORE DATABASE mydatabase WITH RECOVERY   Note the only change from what you would do normally is the naming of the .vmdf and .vldf files. SQL Virtual Restore intercepts this by monitoring the extension and applies its magic, ensuring the 'virtual' restore happens rather than the conventional storage-heavy restore. My automated release test then applies the upgrade scripts to the virtual production database and runs some validation tests, giving me confidence that were I to run this on production for real, all would go smoothly. For illustration, here is my 8Gb production database: And its corresponding backup file: Here are the .vldf and .vmdf files, which represent the only additional used storage for the new database following the virtual restore.   The beauty of this product is its simplicity. Once it is installed, the interaction with the backup and virtual database is exactly the same as before, as the clever stuff is being done at a lower level. SQL Virtual Restore can be downloaded as a fully functional 14-day trial. Technorati Tags: SQL Server

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  • Merge replication stopping without errors in SQL 2008 R2

    - by Rob Farley
    A non-SQL MVP friend of mine, who also happens to be a client, asked me for some help again last week. I was planning on writing this up even before Rob Volk (@sql_r) listed his T-SQL Tuesday topic for this month. Earlier in the year, I (well, LobsterPot Solutions, although I’d been the person mostly involved) had helped out with a merge replication problem. The Merge Agent on the subscriber was just stopping every time, shortly after it started. With no errors anywhere – not in the Windows Event Log, the SQL Agent logs, not anywhere. We’d managed to get the system working again, but didn’t have a good reason about what had happened, and last week, the problem occurred again. I asked him about writing up the experience in a blog post, largely because of the red herrings that we encountered. It was an interesting experience for me, also because I didn’t end up touching my computer the whole time – just tapping on my phone via Twitter and Live Msgr. You see, the thing with replication is that a useful troubleshooting option is to reinitialise the thing. We’d done that last time, and it had started to work again – eventually. I say eventually, because the link being used between the sites is relatively slow, and it took a long while for the initialisation to finish. Meanwhile, we’d been doing some investigation into what the problem could be, and were suitably pleased when the problem disappeared. So I got a message saying that a replication problem had occurred again. Reinitialising wasn’t going to be an option this time either. In this scenario, the subscriber having the problem happened to be in a different domain to the publisher. The other subscribers (within the domain) were fine, just this one in a different domain had the problem. Part of the problem seemed to be a log file that wasn’t being backed up properly. They’d been trying to back up to a backup device that had a corruption, and the log file was growing. Turned out, this wasn’t related to the problem, but of course, any time you’re troubleshooting and you see something untoward, you wonder. Having got past that problem, my next thought was that perhaps there was a problem with the account being used. But the other subscribers were using the same account, without any problems. The client pointed out that that it was almost exactly six months since the last failure (later shown to be a complete red herring). It sounded like something might’ve expired. Checking through certificates and trusts showed no sign of anything, and besides, there wasn’t a problem running a command-prompt window using the account in question, from the subscriber box. ...except that when he ran the sqlcmd –E –S servername command I recommended, it failed with a Named Pipes error. I’ve seen problems with firewalls rejecting connections via Named Pipes but letting TCP/IP through, so I got him to look into SQL Configuration Manager to see what kind of connection was being preferred... Everything seemed fine. And strangely, he could connect via Management Studio. Turned out, he had a typo in the servername of the sqlcmd command. That particular red herring must’ve been reflected in his cheeks as he told me. During the time, I also pinged a friend of mine to find out who I should ask, and Ted Kruger (@onpnt) ‘s name came up. Ted (and thanks again, Ted – really) reconfirmed some of my thoughts around the idea of an account expiring, and also suggesting bumping up the logging to level 4 (2 is Verbose, 4 is undocumented ridiculousness). I’d just told the client to push the logging up to level 2, but the log file wasn’t appearing. Checking permissions showed that the user did have permission on the folder, but still no file was appearing. Then it was noticed that the user had been switched earlier as part of the troubleshooting, and switching it back to the real user caused the log file to appear. Still no errors. A lot more information being pushed out, but still no errors. Ted suggested making sure the FQDNs were okay from both ends, in case the servers were unable to talk to each other. DNS problems can lead to hassles which can stop replication from working. No luck there either – it was all working fine. Another server started to report a problem as well. These two boxes were both SQL 2008 R2 (SP1), while the others, still working, were SQL 2005. Around this time, the client tried an idea that I’d shown him a few years ago – using a Profiler trace to see what was being called on the servers. It turned out that the last call being made on the publisher was sp_MSenumschemachange. A quick interwebs search on that showed a problem that exists in SQL Server 2008 R2, when stored procedures have more than 4000 characters. Running that stored procedure (with the same parameters) manually on SQL 2005 listed three stored procedures, the first of which did indeed have more than 4000 characters. Still no error though, and the problem as listed at http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2539378 describes an error that should occur in the Event log. However, this problem is the type of thing that is fixed by a reinitialisation (because it doesn’t need to send the procedure change across as a transaction). And a look in the change history of the long stored procs (you all keep them, right?), showed that the problem from six months earlier could well have been down to this too. Applying SP2 (with sufficient paranoia about backups and how to get back out again if necessary) fixed the problem. The stored proc changes went through immediately after the service pack was applied, and it’s been running happily since. The funny thing is that I didn’t solve the problem. He had put the Profiler trace on the server, and had done the search that found a forum post pointing at this particular problem. I’d asked Ted too, and although he’d given some useful information, nothing that he’d come up with had actually been the solution either. Sometimes, asking for help is the most useful thing you can do. Often though, you don’t end up getting the help from the person you asked – the sounding board is actually what you need. @rob_farley

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  • Debian 3.1 (Sarge) init.d boot order

    - by Adam Lewis
    I am using a TS-7800 single board computer from Technologic Systems that ships with Debian 3.1 (Sarge). I have updated it to Squeeze, but due to various driver issues I have been forced to roll back to Sarge. I am attempting to configure the various drivers and configurations needed for my application services before they start. Ideally I would call one init.d script that contains the drivers / configurations then call the other init.d scripts (one for each process). I am left scratching my head on how to guarantee the boot sequence. I know in later versions of Debian I could use the lbs-header to achieve this; but is there anything comparable to the LBS header in Sarge?

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  • Debian 3.1 (Sarge) init.d boot order

    - by Adam Lewis
    I am using a TS-7800 single board computer from Technologic Systems that ships with Debian 3.1 (Sarge). I have updated it to Squeeze, but due to various driver issues I have been forced to roll back to Sarge. I am attempting to configure the various drivers and configurations needed for my application services before they start. Ideally I would call one init.d script that contains the drivers / configurations then call the other init.d scripts (one for each process). I am left scratching my head on how to guarantee the boot sequence. I know in later versions of Debian I could use the lbs-header to achieve this; but is there anything comparable to the LBS header in Sarge?

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  • Looking for updated BIOS for '99 Gateway in order to format/recognize >127 GB HD

    - by Jeff
    I have a '99 Gateway that's apparently too old for even Gateway to acknowledge it exists. Want to use it as a media hub and put in a 320GB HD, but it will not format above 127GB even running Win XP SP3. Read somewhere that upgrading the BIOS may do the trick, but I can't find the correct BIOS, and GW has been no help. Hoping I can just upgrade the BIOS, which is 11 years old. Any help would be much appreciated! I don't know where to look, and searches have been fruitless. System info: OS Name Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition Version 5.1.2600 Service Pack 3 Build 2600 OS Manufacturer Microsoft Corporation System Name xxxx System Manufacturer Gateway System Model TABOR_II System Type X86-based PC Processor x86 Family 6 Model 7 Stepping 3 GenuineIntel ~596 Mhz BIOS Version/Date Intel Corp. 4W4SB0X0.15A.0015.P10, 9/28/1999 SMBIOS Version 2.1 BIOS info (from a free app I located): BIOS Type: Phoenix BIOS Date: September 28th 1999 BIOS ID: 4W4SB0X0.15A.0015.P10.9909281445-None BIOS OEM: 4W4SB0X0.15A.0015.P10 Chipset: Intel 440BX/ZX rev 3 SuperIO: SMC 70x or 80x rev 0 at port 0370 Manufacturer: Gateway Motherboard: WS440BX

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  • How to configure apache and mod_proxy_ajp in order to forward ssl client certificate

    - by giovanni.cuccu
    I've developed a java application that need a ssl client certificate and in the staging environment with apache 2.2 and mod_jk it is working fine. In production the configuration is not using mod_jk but mod_proxy_ajp. I'm looking for an apache configuration example that configure ssl and mod_proxy_ajp for sending the ssl client certificate to the java application server (which listens with the ajp protocol). Thanks a lot

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  • order of operations for environment variables

    - by alyda
    I want to understand how environment variables are set and reset (overridden). I'm running Apache/2.2.24 (Unix) PHP/5.4.14 on a mac . My theory is this: Environment vars can be set in bash, then they can be overwritten with httpd.conf preceding a VirtualHost directive that precedes php.ini, which can then be overwritten by .htaccess (if allowable) and finally by PHP I tried the following: setting environment variable in bash: I added export ENVIRONMENT='local' to my ~/.bashrc file, restarted apache and did not get any output from print_r($_ENV); (in a simple index.php file at the root of my webserver). I also tried putting ENVIRONMENT='local' into /etc/environment, and restarting apache, nothing, as well as /etc/bashrc, restart apache. still nothing. setting environment variable in httpd.conf: I added SetEnv ENVIRONMENT 'local-httpd to the end of my /etc/apache2/httpd.conf file (but before I load other conf files, such as virtual host [Include /private/etc/apache2/other/*.conf]). I now see the variable in the array print_r($_SERVER); but not print_r($_ENV);. setting environment variable in httpd-vhosts.conf: I added SetEnv ENVIRONMENT 'local-vhost to my /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf file in my generic directive that points to my default document root. I now see the variable has been overwritten (to local-vhost from local-httpd, so I know where the variable is getting set). setting environment variable in php.ini: while searching for a proper place to put my environment variable, I noticed that variables_order = "GPCS" was set to the production value rather than EGPCS. I changed it, restarted my server and found that I was now getting output for print_r($_ENV); but not my expected custom variable. It also appears that I am not able to set a custom variable in this file. Please tell me if I am wrong setting environment variable in .htaccess: I added SetEnv ENVIRONMENT 'local-htaccess'. This worked as expected, overwriting all other values that were set. setting / overwriting environment variable in PHP: if (...) { putenv('ENVIRONMENT=local'); } I'm asking this question because I have a lot of local and remote testing servers, some of which may or may not allow me access to modify httpd, httpd-vhost, php.ini or environment variables. I want to understand what is best for those difference scenarios (shared hosting, heroku, local servers, etc) I obviously don't know how to properly set the environment variable in bash in a way that php can use it, I'd like to know how to do that (as I think Heroku does something similar with heroku config set...)

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  • how to correctly mount fat32 partition in Ubuntu in order to preserve case

    - by Dean
    I've found there are couple of problems might be related how my FAT32 partition was mounted. I hope you can help me to solve the problem. I also included the command I used to help others when they find this post, sorry to those might feel I should use less space. I've the following file structures on my disk dean@notebook:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x08860886 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS In the etc/fstab I've got UUID=91c57a65-dc53-476b-b219-28dac3682d31 / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=BEA2A8AFA2A86D99 /media/NTFS ntfs-3g quiet,defaults,locale=en_US.utf8,umask=0 0 0 UUID=0C0C-9BB3 /media/FAT32 vfat user,auto,utf8,fmask=0111,dmask=0000,uid=1000 0 0 /dev/sda5 swap swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda1 /media/sda1 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 /dev/sda2 /media/sda2 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 I checked my id using id and I've got dean@notebook:~$ id uid=1000(dean) gid=1000(dean) groups=4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),46(plugdev),103(fuse),104(lpadmin),115(admin),120(sambashare),1000(dean) I don't know why with these settings I still have problem of using svn like in this one Thank you for your help!

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  • Downloading Python 2.5.4 (from official website) in order to install it

    - by brilliant
    I was quite hesitant about whether I should post this question here on "StackOverflow" or on "SuperUser", but finally decided to post it here as Python is more a programming language rather than a piece of software. I've been recently using Python 2.5.4 that is installed on my computer, but at the moment I am not at home (and won't be for about two weeks from now), so I need to install the same version of Python on another computer. This computer has Windows XP installed – just like the one that I have at home. The reason why I need Python 2.5.4 is because I am using “Google App Engine”, and I was told that it only supports Python 2.5 However, when I went to the official Python page for the download, I discovered that certain things have changed, and I don’t quite remember where exactly from that site I had downloaded Python 2.5.4 on my computer at home. I found this page: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5.4/ Here is how it looks: (If you can’t see it here, please check it out at this address: http://brad.cwahi.net/some_pictures/python_page.jpg ) A few things here are not clear to me. It says: For x86 processors: python-2.5.4.msi For Win64-Itanium users: python-2.5.4.ia64.msi For Win64-AMD64 users: python-2.5.4.amd64.msi First of all, I don’t know what processor I am using – whether mine is “x86” or not; and also, I don’t know whether I am an “Win64-Itanium” or an “Win64-AMD64” user. Are Itanium and AMD64 also processors? Later it says: Windows XP and later already have MSI; many older machines will already have MSI installed. I guess, it is my case, but then I am totally puzzled as to which link I should click as it seems now that I don’t need those three previous links (as MSI is already installed on Windows XP), but there is no fourth link provided for those who use “Windows XP” or older machines. Of course, there are these words after that: Windows users may also be interested in Mark Hammond's win32all package, available from Sourceforge. but it seems to me that it is something additional rather than the main file. So, my question is simple: Where in the official Python website I can download Python 2.5.4, precisely, which link I should click?

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  • How to configure apache and mod_proxy_ajp in order to forward ssl client certificate

    - by giovanni.cuccu
    Hi, I've developed a java application that need a ssl client certificate and in the staging environment with apache 2.2 and mod_jk it is working fine. In production the configuration is not using mod_jk but mod_proxy_ajp. I'm looking for an apache configuration example that configure ssl and mod_proxy_ajp for sending the ssl client certificate to the java application server (which listens with the ajp protocol). Thanks a lot

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  • forwarding port 3306 on macosx in order to connect to a remote mysql db

    - by Jonathan Mayhak
    I'm on macosx 10.6.2 trying to connect to ubuntu server 8.04.1 at linode. ssh -L 127.0.0.1:3306:[[remote ip]]:3306 user@server -N I want to set up ssh tunneling so that I can access a remote mysql server. First of all, I'm told bind: Address already in use. This is only after I've tried the command before. How do I manually close a port forwarding session? Second, when I change the command to be ssh -L 127.0.0.1:3310:[[remote ip]]:3306 user@server -N (I changed the local port to listen on). I'm told channel 1: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused when I try to connect to the mysql server via mysql workbench or sequel pro. To connect through mysql workbench I use the following settings: host: 127.0.0.1 port: 3310 (if 3306 is in use) username: mysql username password: mysql password database: I don't put anything in

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  • Forwarding port 3306 on Mac OS X in order to connect to a remote MySQL Database

    - by Jonathan Mayhak
    I'm on Mac OS X 10.6.2 trying to connect to ubuntu server 8.04.1 at linode. ssh -L 127.0.0.1:3306:[[remote ip]]:3306 user@server -N I want to set up ssh tunneling so that I can access a remote mysql server. First of all, I'm told bind: Address already in use. This is only after I've tried the command before. How do I manually close a port forwarding session? Second, when I change the command to be ssh -L 127.0.0.1:3310:[[remote ip]]:3306 user@server -N (I changed the local port to listen on). I'm told channel 1: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused when I try to connect to the MySQL server via MySQL workbench or sequel pro. To connect through MySQL workbench I use the following settings: host: 127.0.0.1 port: 3310 (if 3306 is in use) username: mysql username password: mysql password database: I don't put anything in

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  • how to correctly mount fat32 partition in Ubuntu in order to preserve case

    - by Dean
    I've found there are couple of problems might be related how my FAT32 partition was mounted. I hope you can help me to solve the problem. I also included the command I used to help others when they find this post, sorry to those might feel I should use less space. I've the following file structures on my disk dean@notebook:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x08860886 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS In the etc/fstab I've got UUID=91c57a65-dc53-476b-b219-28dac3682d31 / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=BEA2A8AFA2A86D99 /media/NTFS ntfs-3g quiet,defaults,locale=en_US.utf8,umask=0 0 0 UUID=0C0C-9BB3 /media/FAT32 vfat user,auto,utf8,fmask=0111,dmask=0000,uid=1000 0 0 /dev/sda5 swap swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda1 /media/sda1 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 /dev/sda2 /media/sda2 ntfs nls=iso8859-1,ro,noauto,umask=000 0 0 I checked my id using id and I've got dean@notebook:~$ id uid=1000(dean) gid=1000(dean) groups=4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),46(plugdev),103(fuse),104(lpadmin),115(admin),120(sambashare),1000(dean) I don't know why with these settings I still have problem of using svn like in this one Thank you for your help!

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  • ssh over a tunnel in order to configure auto login

    - by Vihaan Verma
    I m trying to copy the id_rsa.pub key to the server. The server in my case also has a virutal machine called dev which runs on the host machine. I copied the id_rsa.pub key to the host for auto log in using this command. ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub vickey@host which worked fine and I can auto log in to host. I also wanted to auto log in to the dev machine. I know I can just copy the contents of authorized_keys from the host machine to the dev machine but I m looking for a command line of doing things. Creating a tunnel seemed like the solution ssh vickey@host -L 2000:dev:22 -N now when I tried ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub vickey@localhost -P 2000 the password that worked here was of my local machine , I expected it to ask me password of my dev machine. The above command adds the pub key to the local machine and not to the dev machine. However this commands asks me for the dev password and copies the files. scp -P 2000 vickey@localhost:/home/vickey/trash/vim . vickey@localhost's password: vim 100% 111 0.1KB/s 00:00 How do I do the same with ssh-copy-id ?

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  • Add shortcut SQL management studio 2008 to select top 1000 order by PK desc

    - by JP Hellemons
    Hello, when I right click a table I can select select top 1000 rows and edit top 200 rows I'd like to add an option select bottom 1000 rows I am pretty sure that I've seen it somewhere online how to do this. But I can't remember where... already found this: http://sqlserver-training.com/how-to-change-default-value-of-select-or-edit-top-rows-in-ssms-2008/- but it seems impossible to add a template query...

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  • Joining H264 *without* re-encoding

    - by jdmuys
    Hi, I have two halves of a single show in two .MP4 files, encoded in H264. I would like to join them without re-encoding. Is this possible? I managed to create a joined video as a Quicktime file (.mov) using Quicktime Pro, but then Quicktime Pro will not convert it back to .MP4 without re-encoding. This may be because looking inside the .mov file, the two H264 videos are in there still separated as individual "objects". I am also struggling with MPEG StreamClip without reaching a real solution. But I may have missed something. Note that I have the same issue with MPEG2 files. I can export them to a .MPEG container or a .TS file for example, but I don't know how to join them without re-encoding. Any suggestion welcome, preferably using Mac software.

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  • Order of mod_rewrite rules in .htaccess not being followed

    - by user39461
    We're trying to enforce HTTPS on certain URLs and HTTP on others. We are also rewriting URLs so all requests go through our index.php. Here is our .htaccess file. # enable mod_rewrite RewriteEngine on # define the base url for accessing this folder RewriteBase / # Enforce http and https for certain pages RewriteCond %{HTTPS} on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/(en|fr)/(customer|checkout)(.*)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(en|fr)/(customer|checkout)(.*)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301] # rewrite all requests for file and folders that do not exists RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?query=$1 [L,QSA] If we don't include the last rule (RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?query=$1 [L,QSA]), the HTTPS and HTTP rules work perfectly however; When we add the last three lines our other rules stop working properly. For example if we try to goto https:// www.domain.com/en/customer/login, it redirects to http:// www.domain.com/index.php?query=en/customer/login. It's like the last rule is being applied before the redirection is done and after the [L] flag indicating the the redirection is the last rule to apply.

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  • What's up with IE7's Ctrl-Tab order?

    - by torbengb
    I'm using WinXP + IE7.x at work, and no chance of anything else. From any other Windows application, and Firefox, and whatnot, I'm used to the Ctrl+Tab combination. But IE 7 is really strange... Ctrl+Tab seems to follow no clear sequence, and Shift+Ctrl+Tab doesn't even work, or rather, does the exact same thing, not reverse as expected. Can anyone please explain to me how this key combo works in IE7, because I can't figure it out. Thanks!

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  • Is a ext3 Linux filesystem byte order independent

    - by Lothar
    I have a good old HP-C3700 Workstation with PA-RISC CPU here that I would like to use as a subversion server for a very large repository. I just worry what happens if the workstation dies (everybody who knows this computer knows that it is running like an Abrams tank and unlikely to happen in the next decade). I'm using Debian Linux on this system. If the mainboard dies can I just plug the SCSI drive into a PC and read the files from a normal Intel Linux PC? Which software RAID levels would be safe?

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  • Target to browse in order to insert a file

    - by Abid
    I have created an application using PHP and HTML. I insert it in my Linux server. I open it from my windows machine using the browser. I should in this application insert a file. When i click "insert file", instead of i have a window that browse the Linux server , i get a window that browse my local machine. And when i click insert , nothing is copied to the server. The code to insert file is: Filename: <input type="file" name="file" id="file"> So what should i do to force this application to browse the Linux machine when i open it from my local machine?

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