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• Practiaal rules for Django MiddleWare ordering?

  - by o_O Tync

  The official documentation is a bit messy: 'before' & 'after' are used for ordering MiddleWare in a tuple, but in some places 'before'&'after' refers to request-response phases. Also, 'should be first/last' are mixed and it's not clear which one to use as 'first'. I do understand the difference.. however it seems to complicated for a newbie in Django. Can you suggest some correct ordering for builtin MiddleWare classes (assuming we enable all of them) and — most importantly — explain WHY one goes before/after other ones? here's the list, with the info from docs I managed to find: UpdateCacheMiddleware Before those that modify 'Vary:' SessionMiddleware, GZipMiddleware, LocaleMiddleware GZipMiddleware Before any MW that may change or use the response body After UpdateCacheMiddleware: Modifies 'Vary:' ConditionalGetMiddleware Before CommonMiddleware: uses its 'Etag:' header when USE_ETAGS=True SessionMiddleware After UpdateCacheMiddleware: Modifies 'Vary:' Before TransactionMiddleware: we don't need transactions here LocaleMiddleware, One of the topmost, after SessionMiddleware, CacheMiddleware After UpdateCacheMiddleware: Modifies 'Vary:' After SessionMiddleware: uses session data CommonMiddleware Before any MW that may change the response (it calculates ETags) After GZipMiddleware so it won't calculate an E-Tag on gzipped contents Close to the top: it redirects when APPEND_SLASH or PREPEND_WWW CsrfViewMiddleware AuthenticationMiddleware After SessionMiddleware: uses session storage MessageMiddleware After SessionMiddleware: can use Session-based storage XViewMiddleware TransactionMiddleware After MWs that use DB: SessionMiddleware (configurable to use DB) All *CacheMiddleWare is not affected (as an exception: uses own DB cursor) FetchFromCacheMiddleware After those those that modify 'Vary:' if uses them to pick a value for cache hash-key After AuthenticationMiddleware so it's possible to use CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ANONYMOUS_ONLY FlatpageFallbackMiddleware Bottom: last resort Uses DB, however, is not a problem for TransactionMiddleware (yes?) RedirectFallbackMiddleware Bottom: last resort Uses DB, however, is not a problem for TransactionMiddleware (yes?) (I will add suggestions to this list to collect all of them in one place)

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• Django forms: how to dynamically create ModelChoiceField labels

  - by Henri

  I would like to create dynamic labels for a forms.ModelChoiceField and I'm wondering how to do that. I have the following form class: class ProfileForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, data=None, ..., language_code='en', family_name_label='Family name', horoscope_label='Horoscope type', *args, **kwargs): super(ProfileForm, self).__init__(data, *args, **kwargs) self.fields['family_name'].label = family_name_label . . self.fields['horoscope'].label = horoscope_label self.fields['horoscope'].queryset = Horoscope.objects.all() class Meta: model = Profile family_name = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'size':'80', 'class': 'contact_form'})) . . horoscope = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset = Horoscope.objects.none(), widget=forms.RadioSelect(), empty_label=None) The default labels are defined by the unicode function specified in the Profile definition. However the labels for the radio buttons created by the ModelChoiceField need to be created dynamically. First I thought I could simply override ModelChoiceField as described in the Django documentation. But that creates static labels. It allows you to define any label but once the choice is made, that choice is fixed. So I think I need to adapt add something to init like: class ProfileForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, data=None, ..., language_code='en', family_name_label='Family name', horoscope_label='Horoscope type', *args, **kwargs): super(ProfileForm, self).__init__(data, *args, **kwargs) self.fields['family_name'].label = family_name_label . . self.fields['horoscope'].label = horoscope_label self.fields['horoscope'].queryset = Horoscope.objects.all() self.fields['horoscope'].<WHAT>??? = ??? Anyone having any idea how to handle this? Any help would be appreciated very much.

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• Django Template For Loop Removing <img> Self-Closing

  - by Zack

  Django's for loop seems to be removing all of my <img> tag's self-closing...ness (/>). In the Template, I have this code: {% for item in item_list %} <li> <a class="left" href="{{ item.url }}">{{ item.name }}</a> <a class="right" href="{{ item.url }}"> <img src="{{ item.icon.url }}" alt="{{ item.name }} Logo." /> </a> </li> {% endfor %} It outputs this: <li> <a class="left" href="/some-url/">This is an item</a> <a class="right" href="/some-url/"> <img src="/media/img/some-item.jpg" alt="This is an item Logo."> </a> </li> As you can see, the <img> tag is no longer closed, and thus the page doesn't validate. This isn't a huge issue since it'll still render properly in all browsers, but I'd like to know how to solve it. I've tried wrapping the whole for loop in {% autoescape off %}...{% endautoescape %} but that didn't change anything. All other self-closed <img> tags in the document outside the for loop still properly close.

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• Custom Django Field is deciding to work as ForiegnKey for no reason

  - by Joe Simpson

  Hi, i'm making a custom field in Django. There's a problem while trying to save it, it's supposed to save values like this 'user 5' and 'status 9' but instead in the database these fields show up as just the number. Here is the code for the field: def find_key(dic, val): return [k for k, v in dic.items() if v == val][0] class ConnectionField(models.TextField): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase serialize = False description = 'Provides a connection for an object like User, Page, Group etc.' def to_python(self, value): if type(value) != unicode: return value value = value.split(" ") if value[0] == "user": return User.objects.get(pk=value[1]) else: from social.models import connections return get_object_or_404(connections[value[0]], pk=value[1]) def get_prep_value(self, value): from social.models import connections print value, "prep" if type(value) == User: return "user %s" % str(value.pk) elif type(value) in connections.values(): o= "%s %s" % (find_key(connections, type(value)), str(value.pk)) print o, "return" return o else: print "CONNECTION ERROR!" raise TypeError("Value is not connectable!") Connection is just a dictionary with the "status" text linked up to the model for a StatusUpdate. I'm saving a model like this which is causing the issue: Relationship.objects.get_or_create(type="feedback",from_user=request.user,to_user=item) Please can someone help, Many Thanks Joe *_*

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• Suggestions for a django db structure

  - by rh0dium

  Hi Say I have the unknown number of questions. For example: Is the sky blue [y/n] What date were your born on [date] What is pi [3.14] What is a large integ [100] Now each of these questions poses a different but very type specific answer (boolean, date, float, int). Natively django can happily deal with these in a model. class SkyModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("Is the sky blue") answer = models.BooleanField(default=False) class BirthModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("What date were your born on") answer = models.DateTimeField(default=today) class PiModel(models.Model) question = models.CharField("What is pi") answer = models.FloatField() But this has the obvious problem in that each question has a specific model - so if we need to add a question later I have to change the database. Yuck. So now I want to get fancy - How do a set up a model where by the answer type conversion happens automagically? ANSWER_TYPES = ( ('boolean', 'boolean'), ('date', 'date'), ('float', 'float'), ('int', 'int'), ('char', 'char'), ) class Questions(models.model): question = models.CharField(() answer = models.CharField() answer_type = models.CharField(choices = ANSWER_TYPES) default = models.CharField() So in theory this would do the following: When I build up my views I look at the type of answer and ensure that I only put in that value. But when I want to pull that answer back out it will return the data in the format specified by the answer_type. Example 3.14 comes back out as a float not as a str. How can I perform this sort of automagic transformation? Or can someone suggest a better way to do this? Thanks much!!

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• Django Many-to-Many Question

  - by DZ

  My questions seems like a common problem that when I have seen any questions on it is never really asked right or not answered. So Im going to try to get the question right, and maybe someone knows how to resolve the issue, or correct my understanding. The problem: When you have a many-to-many relation ship (related_name not through) and you are trying to use the admin interface you are required to input one of the rleationships even though it does not have to exsist for you to create the first entry. Meaning you have to assign a group to an event to create the group. Wow that sounds complicated. So I can see why the question is not getting answered. Lets try the non code explanation example... First and important versions: Django 1.1.1 Phython 2.6 So I have a model where I created a many-to-many realtionship and Im using the related_name Im creating an app that is an event organizer, for simplicty lets say events although they could be anytype). For this first post Im going to stay away from the code and just try to explain. A few keys: (explaining comment) ** - many-to-many So in the model we have 1) The Main Event (this is main model) 2) Groups (link to events and their can be many events for a group) a) Events** I have simplified this example a little becuase I recognize that what does it matter. Just create the event first... But there are specific varations where that will not work. What the many-to-many related_name does it created another table with the indecies of the two other tables. Nothing says that this extra table HAS to be populated. Becuase if I look in the database and work within myPHPadmin I can create a group with out registering an event, since the connection between the two is a seperate table the DB does not care. How do I make the admin interface this realize it? Ok I know thats a lot so I hope I have explained it clearly. Thank you anyone for your comments/thoughts/advice

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• Reordering fields in Django model

  - by Alex Lebedev

  I want to add few fields to every model in my django application. This time it's created_at, updated_at and notes. Duplicating code for every of 20+ models seems dumb. So, I decided to use abstract base class which would add these fields. The problem is that fields inherited from abstract base class come first in the field list in admin. Declaring field order for every ModelAdmin class is not an option, it's even more duplicate code than with manual field declaration. In my final solution, I modified model constructor to reorder fields in _meta before creating new instance: class MyModel(models.Model): # Service fields notes = my_fields.NotesField() created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class Meta: abstract = True last_fields = ("notes", "created_at", "updated_at") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): new_order = [f.name for f in self._meta.fields] for field in self.last_fields: new_order.remove(field) new_order.append(field) self._meta._field_name_cache.sort(key=lambda x: new_order.index(x.name)) super(TwangooModel, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class ModelA(MyModel): field1 = models.CharField() field2 = models.CharField() #etc ... It works as intended, but I'm wondering, is there a better way to acheive my goal?

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• Django Admin Running Same Query Thousands of Times for Model

  - by Tom

  Running into an odd . . . loop when trying to view a model in the Django admin. I have three related models (code trimmed for brevity, hopefully I didn't trim something I shouldn't have): class Association(models.Model): somecompany_entity_id = models.CharField(max_length=10, db_index=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=200) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class ResidentialUnit(models.Model): building = models.CharField(max_length=10) app_number = models.CharField(max_length=10) unit_number = models.CharField(max_length=10) unit_description = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True) association = models.ForeignKey(Association) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) def __unicode__(self): return '%s: %s, Unit %s' % (self.association, self.building, self.unit_number) class Resident(models.Model): unit = models.ForeignKey(ResidentialUnit) type = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True, default='') lookup_key = models.CharField(max_length=200) jenark_id = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True) user = models.ForeignKey(User) is_association_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False, db_index=True) show_in_contact_list = models.BooleanField(default=False, db_index=True) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) _phones = {} home_phone = None work_phone = None cell_phone = None app_number = None account_cache_key = None def __unicode__(self): return '%s' % self.user.get_full_name() It's the last model that's causing the problem. Trying to look at a Resident in the admin takes 10-20 seconds. If I take 'self.association' out of the __unicode__ method for ResidentialUnit, a resident page renders pretty quickly. Looking at it in the debug toolbar, without the association name in ResidentialUnit (which is a foreign key on Resident), the page runs 14 queries. With the association name put back in, it runs a far more impressive 4,872 queries. The strangest part is the extra queries all seem to be looking up the association name. They all come from the same line, the __unicode__ method for ResidentialUnit. Each one is the exact same thing, e.g., SELECT `residents_association`.`id`, `residents_association`.`jenark_entity_id`, `residents_association`.`name` FROM `residents_association` WHERE `residents_association`.`id` = 1096 ORDER BY `residents_association`.`name` ASC I assume I've managed to create a circular reference, but if it were truly circular, it would just die, not run 4000x and then return. Having trouble finding a good Google or StackOverflow result for this.

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• Refactoring a custom User model to user UserProfile: Should I create a custom UserManager or add use

  - by BryanWheelock

  I have been refactoring an app that had customized the standard User model from django.contrib.auth.models by creating a UserProfile and defining it with AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE. The problem is the attributes in UserProfile are used throughout the project to determine the User sees. I had been creating tests and putting in this type of statement repeatedly: user = User.objects.get(pk=1) user_profile = user.get_profile() if user_profile.karma > 10: do_some_stuff() This is tedious and I'm now wondering if I'm violating the DRY principle. Would it make more sense to create a custom UserManager that automatically loads the UserProfile data when the user is requested. I could even iterate over the UserProfile attributes and append them to the User model. This would save me having to update all the references to the custom model attributes that litter the code. Of course, I'd have to reverse to process for to allow the User and UserProfile models to be updated correctly. Which approach is more Django-esque?

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• Parameterized Django models

  - by mgibsonbr

  In principle, a single Django application can be reused in two or more projects, providing functionality relevent to both. That implies that the same database structure (tables and relations) will be re-created identically in different databases, and most times this is not a problem (assuming the projects/databases are unrelated - for instance when someone downloads a complete app to use in their own projects). Sometimes, however, the models must be "tweaked" a little to better fit the problem needs. This can be accomplished by forking the app, but I wondered if there wouldn't be a better option in cases where the app designer can anticipate the most common customizations. For instance, if I have a model that could relate to another as one-to-one or one-to-many, I could specify the unique property as a parameter, that can be specified in the project's settings: class This(models.Model): other = models.ForeignKey(Other, unique=settings.OTHER_TO_THIS) Or if a model can relate to many others, I could create an intermediate table for each of them (thus enforcing referential integrity) instead of using generic fks: for related in settings.MODELS_RELATED_TO_OTHER: model_name = '%s_Other' % related globals()[model_name] = type(model_name, (models.Model,) { me:models.ForeignKey(find_model_class(related)), other:models.ForeignKey(Other), # Some other properties all intersection tables must have }) Etc. Let me stress out that I'm not proposing to change the models at runtime nor anything like that; once the parameters were defined and syncdb called for the first time, those parameters are not to be changed again (unless you're doing a schema migration). Is this a good design? Are there better ways to accomplish the same thing, or maybe drawbacks I coulnd't anticipate? This technique is meant to be used sparingly (only on apps meant to be reused in wildly different contexts, and only when a specific need of customization can be detected while the app model is being designed).

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• Authenticate with Django 1.5

  - by gorjuce

  I'm currently testing django 1.5 and a custom User model, but I've some problems. I've created a User class in my account app, which looks like: class User(AbstractBaseUser): email = models.EmailField() activation_key = models.CharField(max_length=255) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=False) is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' I can correctly register a user, who is stored in my account_user table. Now, how can I log in? I've tried with: def login(request): form = AuthenticationForm() if request.method == 'POST': form = AuthenticationForm(request.POST) email = request.POST['username'] password = request.POST['password'] user = authenticate(username=email, password=password) if user is not None: if user.is_active: login(user) else: message = 'disabled account, check validation email' return render( request, 'account-login-failed.html', {'message': message} ) return render(request, 'account-login.html', {'form': form}) I can correctly register a new User My forms.py which contains my register form class RegisterForm(forms.ModelForm): """ a form to create user""" password = forms.CharField( label="Password", widget=forms.PasswordInput() ) password_confirm = forms.CharField( label="Password Repeat", widget=forms.PasswordInput() ) class Meta: model = User exclude = ('last_login', 'activation_key') def clean_password_confirm(self): password = self.cleaned_data.get("password") password_confirm = self.cleaned_data.get("password_confirm") if password and password_confirm and password != password_confirm: raise forms.ValidationError("Password don't math") return password_confirm def clean_email(self): if User.objects.filter(email__iexact=self.cleaned_data.get("email")): raise forms.ValidationError("email already exists") return self.cleaned_data['email'] def save(self): user = super(RegisterForm, self).save(commit=False) user.password = self.cleaned_data['password'] user.activation_key = generate_sha1(user.email) user.save() return user My question is: Why does authenticate give me None? I know I'm trying to authenticate() with an email as username but is that not one of the reasons to use a custom User model?

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• Adding a generic image field onto a ModelForm in django

  - by Prairiedogg

  I have two models, Room and Image. Image is a generic model that can tack onto any other model. I want to give users a form to upload an image when they post information about a room. I've written code that works, but I'm afraid I've done it the hard way, and specifically in a way that violates DRY. Was hoping someone who's a little more familiar with django forms could point out where I've gone wrong. Update: I've tried to clarify why I chose this design in comments to the current answers. To summarize: I didn't simply put an ImageField on the Room model because I wanted more than one image associated with the Room model. I chose a generic Image model because I wanted to add images to several different models. The alternatives I considered were were multiple foreign keys on a single Image class, which seemed messy, or multiple Image classes, which I thought would clutter my schema. I didn't make this clear in my first post, so sorry about that. Seeing as none of the answers so far has addressed how to make this a little more DRY I did come up with my own solution which was to add the upload path as a class attribute on the image model and reference that every time it's needed. # Models class Image(models.Model): content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') image = models.ImageField(_('Image'), height_field='', width_field='', upload_to='uploads/images', max_length=200) class Room(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) image_set = generic.GenericRelation('Image') # The form class AddRoomForm(forms.ModelForm): image_1 = forms.ImageField() class Meta: model = Room # The view def handle_uploaded_file(f): # DRY violation, I've already specified the upload path in the image model upload_suffix = join('uploads/images', f.name) upload_path = join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, upload_suffix) destination = open(upload_path, 'wb+') for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) destination.close() return upload_suffix def add_room(request, apartment_id, form_class=AddRoomForm, template='apartments/add_room.html'): apartment = Apartment.objects.get(id=apartment_id) if request.method == 'POST': form = form_class(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): room = form.save() image_1 = form.cleaned_data['image_1'] # Instead of writing a special function to handle the image, # shouldn't I just be able to pass it straight into Image.objects.create # ...but it doesn't seem to work for some reason, wrong syntax perhaps? upload_path = handle_uploaded_file(image_1) image = Image.objects.create(content_object=room, image=upload_path) return HttpResponseRedirect(room.get_absolute_url()) else: form = form_class() context = {'form': form, } return direct_to_template(request, template, extra_context=context)

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• Django admin fails when using includes in urlpatterns

  - by zenWeasel

  I am trying to refactor out my application a little bit to keep it from getting too unwieldily. So I started to move some of the urlpatterns out to sub files as the documentation proposes. Besides that fact that it just doesn't seem to be working (the items are not being rerouted) but when I go to the admin, it says that 'urlpatterns has not been defined'. The urls.py I have at the root of my application is: if settings.ENABLE_SSL: urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^checkout/orderform/onepage/(\w*)/$','checkout.views.one_page_orderform',{'SSL':True},'commerce.checkout.views.single_product_orderform'), ) else: urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^checkout/orderform/onepage/(\w*)/$','commerce.checkout.views.single_product_orderform'), ) urlpatterns+= patterns('', (r'^$', 'alchemysites.views.route_to_home'), (r'^%s/' % settings.DAJAXICE_MEDIA_PREFIX, include('dajaxice.urls')), (r'^/checkout/', include('commerce.urls')), (r'^/offers',include('commerce.urls')), (r'^/order/',include('commerce.urls')), (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), (r'^accounts/login/$', login), (r'^accounts/logout/$', logout), (r'^(?P<path>.*)/$','alchemysites.views.get_path'), (r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), The urls I have moved out so far are the checkout/offers/order which are all subapps of 'commerce' where the urls.py for the apps are so to be clear. /urls.py in questions (included here) /commerce/urls.py where the urls.py I want to include is: order_info = { 'queryset': Order.objects.all(), } urlpatterns+= patterns('', (r'^offers/$','offers.views.start_offers'), (r'^offers/([a-zA-Z0-9-]*)/order/(\d*)/add/([a-zA-Z0-9-]*)/(\w*)/next/([a-zA-Z0-9-)/$','offers.views.show_offer'), (r'^reports/orders/$', list_detail.object_list,order_info), ) and the applications offers lies under commerce. And so the additional problem is that admin will not work at all, so I'm thinking because I killed it somewhere with my includes. Things I have checked for: Is the urlpatterns variable accidentally getting reset somewhere (i.e. urlpatterns = patterns, instead of urlpatterns+= patterns) Are the patterns in commerce.urls valid (yes, when moved back to root they work). So from there I am stumped. I can move everything back into the root, but was trying to get a little decoupled, not just for theoretical reason but for some short terms ones. Lastly if I enter www.domainname/checkout/orderform/onepage/xxxjsd I get the correct page. However, entering www.domainname/checkout/ gets handled by the alchemysites.views.get_path. If not the answer (because this is pretty darn specific), then is there a good way for troubleshoot urls.py? It seems to just be trial and error. Seems there should be some sort of parser that will tell you what your urlpatterns will do.

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• Why a graduate program in South Africa?

  - by anca.rosu

  South Africa, like many other countries, is desperate for skills. Good, solid, technical skills – together with a get-up-and-go attitude – and the desire to work for a world-class organization that is leading the way! In addition, we have made a commitment in South Africa that we need to transform our organization and develop and empower Black individuals who historically have not had the opportunity to participate in the global economy. It is through this investment in our country's people that we contribute to the development of a nation capable of competing on the global stage. This makes for an exciting recipe! We have: Plenty of young and talented individuals who are eager to get stuck in and learn. Formal, recognized qualifications that form the basis for further development. A huge big global organization – Oracle – that is committed to developing these graduates and giving them an opportunity that is out of this world! Mix the above ‘ingredients’ together Tackle and remove potential “lumps & bumps” along the way as we learn and grow together Nurture and care for each other in a warm but tough environment What have we achieved? In most cases, the outcome is an awesome bunch of new talent that is well equipped to face the IT world. Where we have the opportunity and suitable headcount available to employ these graduates at Oracle we snap them up – alternatively our business partners and customers are always eager to recruit Oracle graduates into their organizations! These individuals go through real-life work place experience whilst at Oracle. In some cases they get to travel internationally. The excitement and buzz gets into their system and their blood becomes truly RED! Oracle RED! This is valuable talent and expertise to have in our eco-system and it’s an exciting program to be a part of not only as a graduate but as an Oracle employee too!   If you have any questions related to this article feel free to contact  [email protected].  You can find our job opportunities via http://campus.oracle.com. Technorati Tags: South Africa,technical skills,graduate program,opportunity,global organization,new talent

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• Apprentice Boot Camp in South Africa (Part 1)

  - by Tim Koekkoek

  By Maximilian Michel (DE), Jorge Garnacho (ES), Daniel Maull (UK), Adam Griffiths (UK), Guillermo De Las Nieves (ES), Catriona McGill (UK), Ed Dunlop (UK) The Boot Camp in South Africa was an amazing experience for all of us. The minute we landed, we were made to feel at home from our host Patrick Fitzgerald. The whole family who run the Guest House were also very friendly and always keen to help us. Since we had people from South Africa to show us all the amazing sights and their traditional ways to live their lives, the two weeks were very enjoyable for all of us and we came much closer together as a group. You can read this in the following parts of this report. Enjoy! The first group of Apprentices in Oracle (from left to right): Maximilian Michel (DE), Jorge Garnacho (ES), Daniel Maull (UK), Adam Griffiths (UK), Guillermo De Las Nieves (ES), Catriona McGill (UK), Ed Dunlop (UK) The Training Well, it’s time to talk about the main purpose of our trip to South Africa: the training. Two weeks, two courses. Servers and Storage. Two weeks to learn as much as possible and get the certificate. First week: Eben Pretorius with Servers Boot Camp. Learning about: • Machines: T1000, T2000, T3, T4, M series; • How to connect to the machines: serial and network connections; • Levels of software: ALOM, ILOM, OBP and of course the operating system, Solaris Combined with the practical part (screwdriver in one hand, and antistatic wristband on the other) makes quite a lot of stuff! But fortunately, Eben was able to tell us about everything without making our brains explode. For the second week: Storage Boot Camp with Deon Van Vuuren. Taking a look at the content: • Storage machines; • Connectors and protocols: SCSi, SAS, SATA Fiber Channel. Again, huge amounts of information, but Deon definitely did a great job and helped us learn it all. At the end, there was just one question left. Were we able to pass the exam and get the certificate? Well, what can we say? Just take a closer look at the picture above and make your conclusions! Our lovely Oracle office in Woodmead (near Johannesburg) We are all very proud to receive certification in “Server and Storage Support Fundamentals” together with our trainer Deon Van Vuuren. In summary, in case that you don't remember any of the above, the allies for a field engineer are: • System Handbook • EIS-DVD • A proper toolkit With these tools by our side, we’ll be unbeatable!  In the next article later this week, you can find part 2 of our experiences!

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• Unit testing in Django

  - by acjohnson55

  I'm really struggling to write effective unit tests for a large Django project. I have reasonably good test coverage, but I've come to realize that the tests I've been writing are definitely integration/acceptance tests, not unit tests at all, and I have critical portions of my application that are not being tested effectively. I want to fix this ASAP. Here's my problem. My schema is deeply relational, and heavily time-oriented, giving my model object high internal coupling and lots of state. Many of my model methods query based on time intervals, and I've got a lot of auto_now_add going on in timestamped fields. So take a method that looks like this for example: def summary(self, startTime=None, endTime=None): # ... logic to assign a proper start and end time # if none was provided, probably using datetime.now() objects = self.related_model_set.manager_method.filter(...) return sum(object.key_method(startTime, endTime) for object in objects) How does one approach testing something like this? Here's where I am so far. It occurs to me that the unit testing objective should be given some mocked behavior by key_method on its arguments, is summary correctly filtering/aggregating to produce a correct result? Mocking datetime.now() is straightforward enough, but how can I mock out the rest of the behavior? I could use fixtures, but I've heard pros and cons of using fixtures for building my data (poor maintainability being a con that hits home for me). I could also setup my data through the ORM, but that can be limiting, because then I have to create related objects as well. And the ORM doesn't let you mess with auto_now_add fields manually. Mocking the ORM is another option, but not only is it tricky to mock deeply nested ORM methods, but the logic in the ORM code gets mocked out of the test, and mocking seems to make the test really dependent on the internals and dependencies of the function-under-test. The toughest nuts to crack seem to be the functions like this, that sit on a few layers of models and lower-level functions and are very dependent on the time, even though these functions may not be super complicated. My overall problem is that no matter how I seem to slice it, my tests are looking way more complex than the functions they are testing.

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• django+uploadify - don't working

  - by Erico

  Hi, I'm trying to use an example posted on the "github" the link is http://github.com/tstone/django-uploadify. And I'm having trouble getting work. can you help me? I followed step by step, but does not work. Accessing the "URL" / upload / the only thing is that returns "True" part of settings.py import os PROJECT_ROOT_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(file)) MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT_PATH, 'media') TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT_PATH, 'templates')) urls.py from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from django.conf import settings from teste.uploadify.views import * from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'upload/$', upload, name='uploadify_upload'), ) views.py from django.http import HttpResponse import django.dispatch upload_received = django.dispatch.Signal(providing_args=['data']) def upload(request, *args, **kwargs): if request.method == 'POST': if request.FILES: upload_received.send(sender='uploadify', data=request.FILES['Filedata']) return HttpResponse('True') models.py from django.db import models def upload_received_handler(sender, data, **kwargs): if file: new_media = Media.objects.create( file = data, new_upload = True, ) new_media.save() upload_received.connect(upload_received_handler, dispatch_uid='uploadify.media.upload_received') class Media(models.Model): file = models.FileField(upload_to='images/upload/', null=True, blank=True) new_upload = models.BooleanField() uploadify_tags.py from django import template from teste import settings register = template.Library() @register.inclusion_tag('uploadify/multi_file_upload.html', takes_context=True) def multi_file_upload(context, upload_complete_url): """ * filesUploaded - The total number of files uploaded * errors - The total number of errors while uploading * allBytesLoaded - The total number of bytes uploaded * speed - The average speed of all uploaded files """ return { 'upload_complete_url' : upload_complete_url, 'uploadify_path' : settings.UPLOADIFY_PATH, # checar essa linha 'upload_path' : settings.UPLOADIFY_UPLOAD_PATH, } template - uploadify/multi_file_upload.html {% load uploadify_tags }{ multi_file_upload '/media/images/upload/' %} <script type="text/javascript" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}js/swfobject.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}js/jquery.uploadify.js"></script> <div id="uploadify" class="multi-file-upload"><input id="fileInput" name="fileInput" type="file" /></div> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $(document).ready(function() { $('#fileInput').uploadify({ 'uploader' : '/media/swf/uploadify.swf', 'script' : '{% url uploadify_upload %}', 'cancelImg' : '/media/images/uploadify-remove.png/', 'auto' : true, 'folder' : '/media/images/upload/', 'multi' : true, 'onAllComplete' : allComplete }); }); function allComplete(event, data) { $('#uploadify').load('{{ upload_complete_url }}', { 'filesUploaded' : data.filesUploaded, 'errorCount' : data.errors, 'allBytesLoaded' : data.allBytesLoaded, 'speed' : data.speed }); // raise custom event $('#uploadify') .trigger('allUploadsComplete', data); } // ]]</script>

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• django: can't adapt error when importing data from postgres database

  - by Oleg Tarasenko

  Hi, I'm having strange error with installing fixture from dumped data. I am using psycopg2, and django1.1.1 silver:probsbox oleg$ python manage.py loaddata /Users/oleg/probs.json Installing json fixture '/Users/oleg/probs' from '/Users/oleg/probs'. Problem installing fixture '/Users/oleg/probs.json': Traceback (most recent call last): File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py", line 153, in handle obj.save() File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/core/serializers/base.py", line 163, in save models.Model.save_base(self.object, raw=True) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 495, in save_base result = manager._insert(values, return_id=update_pk) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 177, in _insert return insert_query(self.model, values, **kwargs) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1087, in insert_query return query.execute_sql(return_id) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/subqueries.py", line 320, in execute_sql cursor = super(InsertQuery, self).execute_sql(None) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 2369, in execute_sql cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py", line 19, in execute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) ProgrammingError: can't adapt First I've checked similar issues on internet. This one seemed to be very related: http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/5996, as my data has many non ASCII symbols But actually I've checked my django installation and it's ok there Could you advice what is wrong

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• django+mod_wsgi on virtualenv not working

  - by jwesonga

  I've just finished setting up a django app on virtualenv, deployment went smoothly using a fabric script, but now the .wsgi is not working, I've tried every variation on the internet but no luck. My .wsgi file is: import os import sys import django.core.handlers.wsgi # put the Django project on sys.path root_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__) + '../') sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(root_path, 'kcdf')) sys.path.insert(0, root_path) os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'kcdf.settings' application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler() I keep getting the same error: [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] mod_wsgi (pid=16938): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/kcdfweb/webapps/kcdf.web/releases/current/kcdf/apache/kcdf.wsgi'. [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] Traceback (most recent call last): [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 230, in __call__ [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] self.load_middleware() [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 33, in load_middleware [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] for middleware_path in settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES: [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 269, in __getattr__ [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] self._setup() [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 40, in _setup [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module) [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 75, in __init__ [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] raise ImportError, "Could not import settings '%s' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): %s" % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e) [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] ImportError: Could not import settings 'kcdf.settings' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named kcdf.settings my virtual environment is on /home/user/webapps/kcdfweb my app is /home/user/webapps/kcdf.web/releases/current/project_name my wsgi file home/user/webapps/kcdf.web/releases/current/project_name/apache/project_name.wsgi

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• Trying to get django app to work with mod_wsgi on CentOS 5

  - by David

  I'm running CentOS 5, and am trying to get a django application working with mod_wsgi. I'm using .wsgi settings I got working on Ubuntu. Here is the error: [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] SystemError: dynamic module not initialized properly [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] mod_wsgi (pid=23630): Target WSGI script '/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] mod_wsgi (pid=23630): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi'. [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] Traceback (most recent call last): [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi", line 8, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] import django.core.handlers.wsgi [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 1, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from threading import Lock [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/threading.py", line 13, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from functools import wraps [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/functools.py", line 10, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from _functools import partial, reduce [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] SystemError: dynamic module not initialized properly And here is my .wsgi file import os import sys os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = '/tmp/django/' os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'cube.settings' sys.path.append('/data/hosting/cubedev') import django.core.handlers.wsgi application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

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• Error in django using Apache & mod_wsgi

  - by Ignacio

  Hey, I've been doing some changes to my django develpment env, as some of you suggested. So far I've managed to configure and run it successfully with postgres. Now I'm trying to run the app using apache2 and mod_wsgi, but I ran into this little problem after I followed the guidelines from the django docs. When I access localhost/myapp/tasks this error raises: Request Method: GET Request URL: http://localhost/myapp/tasks/ Exception Type: TemplateSyntaxError Exception Value: Caught an exception while rendering: argument 1 must be a string or unicode object Original Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/template/debug.py", line 71, in render_node result = node.render(context) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/template/defaulttags.py", line 126, in render len_values = len(values) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 81, in __len__ self._result_cache = list(self.iterator()) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 238, in iterator for row in self.query.results_iter(): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 287, in results_iter for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 2369, in execute_sql cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/backends/util.py", line 19, in execute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) TypeError: argument 1 must be a string or unicode object ... ... ... And then it highlights a {% for t in tasks %} template tag, like the source of the problem is there, but it worked fine on the built-in server. The view associated with that page is really simple, just fetch all Task objects. And the template just displays them on a table. Also, some pages get rendered ok. Don't want to fill this Question with code, so if you need some more info I'd be glad to provide it. Thanks

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• Building a formset dynamically

  - by vorpyg

  I initially wrote code to build a form dynamically, based on data from the DB, similar to what I described in my previous SO post. As SO user Daniel Roseman points out, he would use a formset for this, and now I've come to the realization that he must be completely right. :) My approach works, basically, but I can't seem to get validation across the entire form to be working properly (I believe it's possible, but it's getting quite complex, and there has to be a smarter way of doing it = Formsets!). So now my question is: How can I build a formset dynamically? Not in an AJAX way, I want each form's label to be populated with an FK value (team) from the DB. As I have a need for passing parameters to the form, I've used this technique from a previous SO post. With the former approach, my view code is (form code in previous link): def render_form(request): teams = Team.objects.filter(game=game) form_collection = [] for team in teams: f = SuggestionForm(request.POST or None, team=team, user=request.user) form_collection.append(f) Now I want to do something like: def render_form(request): teams = Team.objects.filter(game=game) from django.utils.functional import curry from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory formset = formset_factory(SuggestionForm) for team in teams: formset.form.append(staticmethod(curry(SuggestionForm, request.POST or None, team=team, user=request.user))) But the append bit doesn't work. What's the proper way of doing this? Thanks!

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• Deploying Django at Dreamhost

  - by Imran

  I'm trying to get the Poll tutorial working at my Dreamhost account (I don't have any prior experience of deploying Django). I downloaded the script I found here (http://gabrielfalcao.com/2008/12/02/hosting-and-deploying-django-apps-on-dreamhost/) at my home directory and executed it. Now I have Python 2.5 and Django in ~/.myroot/ and my Django projects directory is ~/projects/ Here's the content of ~/projects/ directory (I copied the polls/ and and templates/polls/ directories myself). projects/ |-- admin_media -> /home/imran2140/.myroot/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media |-- dispatch.fcgi |-- polls | |-- __init__.py | |-- __init__.pyc | |-- admin.py | |-- admin.pyc | |-- models.py | |-- models.pyc | |-- polls.db | |-- urls.py | |-- urls.pyc | |-- views.py | `-- views.pyc |-- script_templates | |-- dispatch.template | `-- htaccess.template `-- templates `-- polls |-- detail.html |-- index.html `-- results.html 5 directories, 17 files Now what should I do to get the Polls app working? Update I finally got a "Hello World" Django app working with Passanger WSGI. It worked fine with both Server's default Python 2.3.5 and my installed Python 2.5.2. Passanger WSGI - Django at Dreamhost Wiki

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• django internationalization and translations problem

  - by Zayatzz

  I have a problem with django translations. Problem 1 - i updated string in django.po file, but the change does not appear on the webpage. Problem 2 - i have created my own locale file with django-admin.py makemessages -l et, added the translation string into file, but they too do not appear on the page. I do not think this is setting problem, because the translations from django.po file do appear on the website, its just the changes and the translations from my own generated file that do not appear. Edit: My settings.py contains this: gettext = lambda s: s LANGUAGE_CODE = 'et' LANGUAGES = ( ('et', gettext('Estonian')), ) my own locale files are in /path/to/project/locale/et/LC_MESSAGES/ and the files are django.mo and django.po the file i refer to in problem 1 is django own et transaltion, which i changed.

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• Why can't I use 'django-admin.py makemessages -l cn'

  - by zjm1126

  print : D:\zjm_code\register2>python D:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\django-adm in.py makemessages -l cn Error: This script should be run from the Django SVN tree or your project or app tree. If you did indeed run it from the SVN checkout or your project or applica tion, maybe you are just missing the conf/locale (in the django tree) or locale (for project and application) directory? It is not created automatically, you ha ve to create it by hand if you want to enable i18n for your project or applicati on. 2.i made a locale directory ,and D:\zjm_code\register2>python D:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\django-adm in.py makemessages -l cn processing language cn Error: errors happened while running xgettext on __init__.py 'xgettext' ?????????,????????? ??????? D:\Python25\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py:234: RuntimeWarning : tp_compare didn't return -1 or -2 for exception sys.exit(1) 3. ok http://hi.baidu.com/zjm1126/blog/item/f28e09deced15353ccbf1a82.html

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