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• Using symbolic links with git

  - by Alfredo Palhares

  I used to have my system configuration files all in one directory for better management but now i need to use some version control on it. But the problem is that git doesn't understand symbolic links that point to outside of the repository, and i can't invert the role ( having the real files on the repository and the symbolic links on their proper path ) since some files are read before the kernel loads. I think that I can use unison to sync the files in the repo and and the their paths, but it's just not practical. And hard links will probably be broken. Any idea ?

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• Can you specify git-shell in .ssh/authorized_keys to restrict access to only git commands via ssh?

  - by Matt Connolly

  I'd like to be able to use a ssh key for authentication, but still restrict the commands that can be executed over the ssh tunnel. With Subversion, I've achieved this by using a .ssh/authorized_keys file like: command="/usr/local/bin/svnserve -t --tunnel-user matt -r /path/to/repository",no-port-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIetc... I've tried this with "/usr/bin/git-shell" in the command, but I just get the funky old fatal: What do you think I am? A shell? error message.

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• How to properly store dotfiles in a centralized git repository

  - by asmeurer

  I'd like to put all my dotfiles (like .profile, .gitconfig, etc.) in a central git repository, so I can more easily keep track of the changes. I did this, but I would like to know how to properly handle keeping them in sync with the actual ones in ~/. I thought that you could just hard link the two using ln, but this does not seem to work as I expected, i.e., if I edit one file, the other does not change. Maybe I misused the ln command, or else I misunderstand how hard links work. How do people usually do this? Judging by GitHub, it's a pretty popular thing to do, so surely there's a seamless way to do it that someone has come up with. By the way, I'm on Mac OS X 10.6.

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• Git for Application Settings

  - by devians

  I use a lot of tools at work and at home, and im constantly tweaking them in one location or the other. It's somewhat common practice for people to use Git to version their .vim, .vimrc, and other . files, since you can host your config files on github and have the share-ability and all the other advantages that implies. Being able to version and branch my configs sounds like a grand idea, since I'm always messing about with them. I'd like to discuss the best practice for doing this on a slightly wider scope. How would you implement it? Have your configfiles repo in ~/Library/Configs or similar, and symlink the appropriate files? How to handle preference files for Applications, ie iTerm2. These files are recreated every time, so you'd have to symlink 'backwards' and put a link in the repo? rather than symlinking to the repo, since it would just delete the symlink.

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• Configure Git to use Beyond Compare for image diff

  - by Barney

  Because we work with a number of sprites, the kind of specialised diff views provided by Beyond Compare would be ideal to see which one of 2 versions I'm after when conflicts arise. I've already configured Git to use Beyond Compare as my primary diff and merge tool as described in their integration guide — it specifically goes into how to configure TortoiseSVN to use it for images, and I've found these articles talking about .gitattributes in general and how to script interactions from a *nix shell — but it's not obvious to me how I can use the advice provided by these guides to make a simple change that would say "use the default diff & merge bindings for files determined to be images, too". For the record, I'm doing all this on Windows :P

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• git - recover deleted files from a prior commit

  - by Walter White

  I accidentally deleted some files in a prior commit and would like to recover them. How can I do this? I ran this and found exactly what I was looking for: git whatchanged --diff-filter=D At the time I made the commit, I should have committed the new/changed files only and ran a reset --hard then to recover the missing files. I have about 100 files that I need to restore. I don't want to do a straight revert as that will also undo the changes in that commit. Any ideas?

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• Clarify git stash for me in switching branches

  - by EmmyS

  I've been working on branch A. My work there is not finished, but I need to switch to branch B for a while. It looks like stash is the command to use. I've found a number of references showing how to use stash to save your changes, but I'm a bit confused. All of the references say something like, when you're ready to go back, just do git stash pop. They don't, however, tell me if I need to switch back to branch A before doing that, though. So, do I manually go back to branch A before running stash pop, or do I stay in branch B, and the actual act of running stash pop will send me back to branch A where I left off with it?

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• Setting up central git repo on local Mac network

  - by Dashman

  We are a team of three, all working on our local machines on the same internal network. We will all be working on websites in local working copies of the same Git repo hosted on Github. We have an internal staging machine here (dev.internal), and I am looking for a way for us to be able to push to this machine. At each milestone in the development cycle. In essence, all I really want us to be able to do is add the dev.internal machine as a remote, and push to this whenever we are ready. Could somebody please point me in the right direction to get this set up?

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• Git-based storage and publishing, infrastructure advice

  - by Joel Martinez

  I wanted to get some advice on moving a system to "the cloud" ... specifically, I'm looking to move into some of Windows Azure's managed services, as right now I'm managing a VM. Basically, the system operates on some data stored in a github git repository. I'll describe the current architecture: Current system (all hosted on a single server): GitHub - configured with a webhook pointing at ... ASP.NET MVC application - to accept the webhook from git. It pushes a message onto ... Azure service bus Queue - which is drained by ... Windows Service - pulls the message from the queue and ... Fetches the latest data from the git repository (using GitLib2Sharp) onto the local disk and finally ... Operates on the data in git to produce a static HTML website hosted/served by IIS. The system works really well, actually ... but I would like to get out of the business of managing the VM, and move to using some combination of Azure web and worker roles. But because the system relies so heavily on the git repository on the local filesystem, I'm finding it difficult to figure out how to architect in the cloud. I know you can get file system access, so in theory I could just fetch the repository if there's nothing on disk ... but the performance/responsiveness of the system sort of depends on the repository being available and only having to fetch diffs, which is relatively quick. As opposed to periodically having to fetch the entire (somewhat large) git repository if the web or worker role was recycled, or something. So I would love some advice on how you would architect such a system :) Ultimately, the only real requirement is to be able to serve HTML content that's been produced from the contents of a git repository (in a relatively responsive manner, from a publishing perspective) ... please feel free to ask any clarifying questions if there's something I omitted. Thanks!

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• In git, how can I get the diff between two dates?

  - by Weidenrinde

  Basically, I am looking for something equivalent to cvs diff -D"1 day ago" -D"2010-02-29 11:11". While collecting more and more information, I found a solution. I paste it here, for others that might have similar problems. Things I have tried: In git, how can I get the diff between all the commits that occured between two dates? was ansered here with: git whatchanged --since="1 day ago" -p But this gives a diff for each commit, even if there are multiple commits in one file. I know that "date" is a bit of a loose concept in git, I thought there must be some way to do this. git diff 'master@{1 day ago}..master gives some warning warning: Log for 'master' only goes back to Tue, 16 Mar 2010 14:17:32 +0100. and does not show old diffs. git format-patch --since=yesterday --stdout does not give anything. revs=$(git log --pretty="format:%H" --since="1 day ago");git diff $(echo "$revs"|tail -n1) $(echo "$revs"|head -n1) works somehow, but seems complicated and does not restrict to the current branch. git diff $(git rev-list -n1 --before="1 day ago" master) seems to work and a default way to do similar things, although more complicated than I thought. Funnily, git-cvsserver does not support "cvs diff -D" (without that it is documented somewhere).

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• Why does git remember changes, but not let me stage them?

  - by Andres Jaan Tack

  I have a list of modifications when I run git status, but I cannot stage them or commit them. How can I fix this? This occurred after pulling the kernelmode directory from a bare repository somewhere in one huge commit. % git status # On branch master # Changed but not updated: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # # modified: kernelmode/linux-2.6.33/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt # ... $ git add . $ git status # On branch master # Changed but not updated: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # # modified: kernelmode/linux-2.6.33/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt # ...

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• How do I change a file's path in git's history?

  - by carleeto

  Here is what I have - a git repo of my code: projects |-proj1 (no git repo here yet) |-subproj1 <- current git repo here Here is what I want - a git repo which is now tracking a new project that uses my code: projects |-proj1 <-git repo moved to here, but still tracking files in subproj1 |-subproj1 (no git repo here) I'd like to keep the history intact and therefore the new repository will be referring to files that are one level deeper than the original. What is the most pain free way to do this?

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• How do you Remove an Invalid Remote Branch Reference from Git?

  - by Casey

  In my current repo I have the following output: $ git branch -a * master remotes/origin/master remotes/public/master I want to delete 'remotes/public/master' from the branch list: $ git branch -d remotes/public/master error: branch 'remotes/public/master' not found. Also, the output of 'git remote' is strange, since it does not list 'public': $ git remote show origin How can I delete 'remotes/public/master' from the branch list? Update, tried the 'git push' command: $ git push public :master fatal: 'public' does not appear to be a git repository fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly Solution: The accepted answer had the solution at the bottom! git gc --prune=now

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• git: setting a single tracking remote from a public repo.

  - by Gauthier

  I am confused with remote branches. My local repo: (local) ---A---B---C-master My remote repo (called int): (int) ---A---B---C---D---E-master What I want to do is to setup the local repo's master branch to follow that of int. Local repo: (local) ---A---B---C---D---E-master-remotes/int/master So that when int changes to: (int) ---A---B---C---D---E---F-master I can run git pull from the local repo's master and get (local) ---A---B---C---D---E---F-master-remotes/int/master Here's what I have tried: git fetch int gets me all the branches of int into remote branches. This can get messy since int might have hundreds of branches. git fetch int master gets me the commits, but no ref to it, only FETCH_HEAD. No remote branch either. git fetch int master:new_master works but I don't want a new name every time I update, and no remote branch is setup. git pull int master does what I want, but there is still no remote branch setup. I feel that it is ok to do so (that's the best I have now), but I read here and there that with the remote setup it is enough with git pull. git branch --track new_master int/master, as per http://www.gitready.com/beginner/2009/03/09/remote-tracking-branches.html . I get "not a valid object name: int/master". git remote -v does show me that int is defined and points at the correct location (1. worked). What I miss is the int/master branch, which is precisely what I want to get. git fetch in master:int/master. Well, int/master is created, but is no remote. So to summarize, I've tried some stuff with no luck. I would expect 2 to give me the remote branch to master in the repo int. The solution I use now is option 3. I read somewhere that you could change some config file by hand, but isn't that a bit cumbersome? The "cumbersome" way of editting the config file did work: [branch "master"] remote = int merge = master It can be done from command line: $ git config branch.master.remote int $ git config branch.master.merge master Any reason why option 2 above wouldn't do that automatically? Even in that case, git pull fetches all branches from the remote.

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• I accidentally created a git local branch called --track, how can I delete it?

  - by Rich

  I mistyped a git command which resulted in the creation of a local branch called, '--track'. I've tried the following: git branch -m --track delme (this renames the current branch to delme, not the branch called --track) git checkout --track > fatal: --track needs a branch name git branch -d --track (does nothing, reports nothing) git branch -D --track (also does nothing) git branch -d "--track" (also does nothing How can I delete this branch?

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• git - how do I clone into a non-empty directory?

  - by shovas

  I have directory A with files matching directory B. Directory A may have other needed files. Directory B is a git repo. I want to clone directory B to directory A but git-clone won't allow me to since the directory is non-empty. I was hoping it would just clone .git and since all the files match I could go from there? I can't clone into an empty directory because I have files in directory A that are not in directory B and I want to keep them. Copying .git is not an option since I want refs to push/pull with and I don't want to set them up manually. Is there any way to do this? Update: I think this works, can anyone see any problems? -- cd a git clone --no-hardlinks --no-checkout ../b a.tmp mv a.tmp/.git . rm -rf a.tmp git unstage # apparently git thinks all the files are deleted if you don't do this

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• how do I start GIT daemon automatically under CentOS 4.8 ?

  - by ck2

  Apparently my server is running CentOS 4.8 with Cpanel uname -a 2.6.9-023stab048.6-enterprise #1 SMP MSK 2008 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 4.8 (Final) I'd prefer to install it as a service but I cannot seem to install "yum git-daemon" there is no package available for CentOS 4.8 (when I try to include another repos for it I get too many dependency failures) So what's the easiest way to just start it? Typically this is how I do it from CLI git daemon --detach --user=git --group=git Thanks for any help!

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• GIT and Django Projects

  - by Garfonzo

  I have two servers, a Dev server and a Production server. The Production server runs a live Django site, while the Dev server has a copy of the Django project. I use the Dev server to work on the Django site, make improvements, fix bugs, etc. Once I am satisfied with how the Dev version is working, I move the whole Django directory from the Dev server and replace the same directory on the Production server. The two servers are not on the same LAN so the process is not straight forward. There are a few issues with this that I am having so far. Moving the whole directory is laborious and time consuming If I only change a few files, it is even move tedious to replace a few files than the whole directory since the project is getting fairly large and I worry that I'll miss something I often run into permission issues after I've moved things It's super inefficient, and, due to lack of time, I haven't bothered figuring out a new method. Now it's just getting out of hand and i need to address the situation. I am thinking I need to move to a GIT repository for this process. But my question is how would I set this all up? Do I host the repository on the Production server, pull from the Dev server, do work, then commit? Then I would pull from the Production server (same server the repo is hosted on) to run the current working version? Do I host the repo on the Dev Server, pulling from the same server to do work on the repo, then pull a working version onto the Production server? Should I be hosting the repo on a different server than the Production server and the Dev server (a third server)? Are there any special considerations with Django and repos that I need to worry about? Thanks for the help :)

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• Configure (or mimic) svn:externals to include code from Github in a svn-hosted project

  - by Dylan Beattie

  We use Subversion locally, and we're working on a project that uses a fork of Fluent NHibernate, which is hosted on Github. I'd like it set up so that a single svn checkout will retrieve everything necessary to build the project, but maintain the ability to fetch HEAD updates from github. Is there any way I can pull code from the Git repository as though it was an svn:external dependency? Can I just check the .git folder into our Subversion repository and just run git fetch when I need to, then svn commit the results?

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• Is Version control with GIT useful to work in small projects fon an individual developer? [closed]

  - by chefnelone

  I work as website developer. I develop with Drupal CSM. I have a drupal base installation which has some settings which are sort of default for all my proyects. This drupal installation is my drupal-base folder Every time I start a new project I just duplicate the `drupal-base- folder and start coding the new features I need for the new proyect. The problem is that sometimes I work in more than one projects at the same time and I get a new feature in one of the project that I'd like to commit to my drupal base installation and also to the other projects. Then keeping the sync of all this is nightmare. I thought that Version Control with GIT could help me with this and I went into a tutorial about it. But now I'm not sure if this will be usefull for me. Then my question is: I think that GIT is just usefull for big projects where a team is working all together in the same files. But it is not usefull to work in small and individual projects. Am I right?

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• How to open-source a project whose git repository has copyrighted media in the history?

  - by phyzome

  I want to release an audio fingerprinting software project under a free license, but the repository contains copyrighted audio files. The test cases also currently use these files. How do I release the code to the public with maximum version history but without violating copyright? Details: The code is versioned under git. We will collapse it all back into one branch before release. There are 400 MB of audio data. Some files are free-licensed music from e.g. Jamendo, others are MP3s from our personal collections. No matter what approach we take, we'll always keep an immutable copy of the original repo, so as not to destroy project history. Main question: How to handle the public release? Expunge all history of the files in question from the git repository and release the altered repo. (v64 pointed out a way to do this.) Alternatively, take a snapshot of the current state of the code and don't even bother having a public history of the pre-release code. Side question: How could we have avoided this dilemma in the first place, given that sometimes private code or media is needed for the early stages of a project?

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• Free APress e-book on GIT!

  - by TATWORTH

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/TATWORTH/archive/2013/07/24/free-apress-e-book-on-git.aspxA free e-book in PDF, mobi and ePub formats is available at http://git-scm.com/book"Programmers or project leaders will learn to use Git, the version control system developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development. You'll discover the world of distributed version control and learn how to build a Git development workflow, with expert guidance from Scott Chacon."

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• GIT repository layout for server with multiple projects

  - by Paul Alexander

  One of the things I like about the way I have Subversion set up is that I can have a single main repository with multiple projects. When I want to work on a project I can check out just that project. Like this \main \ProductA \ProductB \Shared then svn checkout http://.../main/ProductA As a new user to git I want to explore a bit of best practice in the field before committing to a specific workflow. From what I've read so far, git stores everything in a single .git folder at the root of the project tree. So I could do one of two things. Set up a separate project for each Product. Set up a single massive project and store products in sub folders. There are dependencies between the products, so the single massive project seems appropriate. We'll be using a server where all the developers can share their code. I've already got this working over SSH & HTTP and that part I love. However, the repositories in SVN are already many GB in size so dragging around the entire repository on each machine seems like a bad idea - especially since we're billed for excessive network bandwidth. I'd imagine that the Linux kernel project repositories are equally large so there must be a proper way of handling this with Git but I just haven't figured it out yet. Are there any guidelines or best practices for working with very large multi-project repositories?

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• git merge with renamed files

  - by Kevin

  I have a large website that I am moving into a new framework and in the process adding git. The current site doesn't have any version control on it. I started by copying the site into a new git repository. I made a new branch and made all of the changes that were needed to make it work with the new framework. One of those steps was changing the file extension of all of the pages. Now in the time that I have been working on the new site changes have been made to files on the old site. So I switched to master and copied all of those changes in. The problem is when I merge the branch with the new framework back onto master there is a conflict on every file that was changed on the master branch. I wouldn't be to worried about it but there are a couple of hundred files with changes. I have tried git rebase and git rebase --merge with no luck. How can I merge these 2 branches without dealing with every file?

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• Managing large binary files with git

  - by pi

  Hi there. I am looking for opinions of how to handle large binary files on which my source code (web application) is dependent. We are currently discussing several alternatives: Copy the binary files by hand. Pro: Not sure. Contra: I am strongly against this, as it increases the likelihood of errors when setting up a new site/migrating the old one. Builds up another hurdle to take. Manage them all with git. Pro: Removes the possibility to 'forget' to copy a important file Contra: Bloats the repository and decreases flexibility to manage the code-base and checkouts/clones/etc will take quite a while. Separate repositories. Pro: Checking out/cloning the source code is fast as ever, and the images are properly archived in their own repository. Contra: Removes the simpleness of having the one and only git repository on the project. Surely introduces some other things I haven't thought about. What are your experiences/thoughts regarding this? Also: Does anybody have experience with multiple git repositories and managing them in one project? Update: The files are images for a program which generates PDFs with those files in it. The files will not change very often(as in years) but are very relevant to a program. The program will not work without the files. Update2: I found a really nice screencast on using git-submodule at GitCasts.

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