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• How to write a Python 2.6+ script that does gracefully fail with older pyhton?

  - by Sorin Sbarnea

  I'm using the new print from Python 3.x and I observed that the following code does not compile due to the end=' '. from __future__ import print_function import sys if sys.hexversion < 0x02060000: raise Exception("py too old") ... print("x",end=" ") # fails to compile with py24 How can I continue using the new syntax but make the script fails nicely? Is it mandatory to call another script and use only safe syntax in this one?

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• Python stdout, \r progress bar and sshd with Putty not updating regularly

  - by Kyle MacFarlane

  I have a dead simple progress "bar" using something like the following: import sys from time import sleep current = 0 limit = 50 while current <= limit: sys.stdout.write('\rSynced %s/%s orders' % (current, limit)) current_order += 1 sleep(1) Works fine, except over ssh with Putty. Putty only updates every 3 minutes or if a line ends with \n. Is this a Putty setting, sshd_config, or can I code around it?

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• More compact layout

  - by Jesse Aldridge

  In the following code, I'd like to get rid of the margin around the buttons. I'd like to have the buttons stretch all the way to the edge of the frame. How can I do that? import sys from PyQt4.QtGui import * from PyQt4.QtCore import * app = QApplication(sys.argv) window = QWidget() layout = QVBoxLayout() layout.setSpacing(0) window.setLayout(layout) for i in range(2): layout.addWidget(QPushButton()) window.show() app.exec_()

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• Python: Streaming Input with Subprocesses

  - by beary605

  Since input and raw_input() stop the program from running anymore, I want to use a subprocess to run this program... while True: print raw_input() and get its output. This is what I have as my reading program: import subprocess process = subprocess.Popen('python subinput.py', stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) while True: output=process.stdout.read(12) if output=='' and process.poll()!=None: break if output!='': sys.stdout.write(output) sys.stdout.flush() When I run this, the subprocess exits almost as fast as it started. How can I fix this?

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• python interpreter waits for child process to die

  - by Moulik Kallupalam

  Contents of check.py: from multiprocessing import Process import time import sys def slp(): time.sleep(30) f=open("yeah.txt","w") f.close() if __name__=="__main__" : x=Process(target=slp) x.start() sys.exit() In windows 7, from cmd, if I call python check.py, it doesn't immediately exit, but instead waits for 30 seconds. And if I kill cmd, the child dies too- no "yeah.txt" is created. How do I make ensure the child continues to run even if parent is killed and also that the parent doesn't wait for child process to end?

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• SQL Server: How to tell if a database is a system database?

  - by Vinko Vrsalovic

  I know that so far (until MSSQL 2005 at least), system databases are master, model, msdb and tempdb. Thing is, as far as I can tell, this is not guaranteed to be preserved in the future. And neither the sys.databases view nor the sys.sysdatabases view tell me if a database is considered as a system database. Is there someplace where this information (whether a database is considered a system database or not) can be obtained?

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• Openquery - unable to begin a distrubuted transaction

  - by dc2

  I am trying to use open query to run a stored procedure in a remote database, and insert it into a table in my local database: -- this works exec remotesvr.sys.dbo.golden_table 'some', 'parameters' While the above works out, I try the following: insert into my_local_table exec remotesvr.sys.dbo.golden_table 'some', 'parameters' I get a SQL error to the effect of 'unable to begin a distributed transaction'. Is there any way around this?, i.e. can I execute take the results of a remote stored procedure and put its contents in a local table?

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• SQL Syntax for testing objects before creating views & functions

  - by Scott Weinstein

  I'm trying to figure out the syntax for creating a view (or function) but only if a dependent CLR assembly exits. I've tried both IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.assemblies WHERE name = 'MyCLRAssembly') begin create view dbo.MyView as select GETDATE() as C1 end and IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.assemblies WHERE name = 'MyCLRAssembly') create view dbo.MyView as select GETDATE() as C1 go Neither work. I get Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2 Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'view'. How can this be done?

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• NZEC in spoj FACKT

  - by frodo

  I was trying to solve this problem http://www.spoj.pl/problems/FACKT/, and I keep getting a Non-Zero Exit Code (NZEC). How exactly do I figure out what to change in the code to overcome this? Here is the code import math import sys def cal_num(n): i = 1 f = 1 while f<n: f *= i i = i + 1 return i-1 while 1: line = sys.stdin.readline() if line == "": break n = int(line) x = cal_num(n) y = math.factorial(2*x) l = int(math.ceil(math.log(y,10))) print (x,l) Any suggestion would be welcome.

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• What is 'type' in systypes?

  - by cruzy

  In sys.systypes ... what exactly is 'type'? What exactly does .... bigint int varchar ... order mean when I execute select * from sys.systypes order by type desc

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• install python2.7.3 + numpy + scipy + matplotlib + scikits.statsmodels + pandas0.7.3 correctly

  - by boldnik

  ...using Linux (xubuntu). How to install python2.7.3 + numpy + scipy + matplotlib + scikits.statsmodels + pandas0.7.3 correctly ? My final aim is to have them working. The problem: ~$ python --version Python 2.7.3 so i already have a system-default 2.7.3, which is good! ~$ dpkg -s python-numpy Package: python-numpy Status: install ok installed and i already have numpy installed! great! But... ~$ python Python 2.7.3 (default, Oct 23 2012, 01:07:38) [GCC 4.6.1] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import numpy as nmp Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named numpy this module couldn't be find by python. The same with scipy, matplotlib. Why? ~$ sudo apt-get install python-numpy [...] Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done python-numpy is already the newest version. [...] why it does not see numpy and others ? update: >>> import sys >>> print sys.path ['', '/usr/local/lib/python27.zip', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages'] >>> so i do have /usr/local/lib/python2.7 ~$ pip freeze Warning: cannot find svn location for distribute==0.6.16dev-r0 BzrTools==2.4.0 CDApplet==1.0 [...] matplotlib==1.0.1 mutagen==1.19 numpy==1.5.1 [...] pandas==0.7.3 papyon==0.5.5 [...] pytz==2012g pyxdg==0.19 reportlab==2.5 scikits.statsmodels==0.3.1 scipy==0.11.0 [...] zope.interface==3.6.1 as you can see, those modules are already installed! But! ls -la /usr/local/lib/ gives ONLY python2.7 dir. And still ~$ python -V Python 2.7.3 and import sys sys.version '2.7.3 (default, Oct 23 2012, 01:07:38) \n[GCC 4.6.1]' updated: Probably I've missed another instance... One at /usr/Python-2.7.3/ and second (seems to be installed "by hands" far far ago) at /usr/python2.7.3/Python-2.7.3/ But how two identical versions can work at the same time??? Probably, one of them is "disabled" (not used by any program, but I don't know how to check if any program uses it). ~$ ls -la /usr/bin/python* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2011-11-01 11:11 /usr/bin/python -> python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2476800 2012-09-28 19:48 /usr/bin/python2.6 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1452 2012-09-28 19:45 /usr/bin/python2.6-config -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2586060 2012-07-21 01:42 /usr/bin/python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1652 2012-07-21 01:40 /usr/bin/python2.7-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2011-10-05 23:53 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 2011-09-06 02:04 /usr/bin/python3.2 -> python3.2mu -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2852896 2011-09-06 02:04 /usr/bin/python3.2mu lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2011-10-08 19:50 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2.7-config there is a symlink python-python2.7, maybe I can ln -f -s this link to exact /usr/Python-2.7.3/python destination without harm ?? And how correctly to remove the 'copy' of 2.7.3?

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• Apache doesn't run multiple requests

  - by Reinderien

  I'm currently running this simple Python CGI script to test rudimentary IPC: #!/usr/bin/python -u import cgi, errno, fcntl, os, os.path, sys, time print("""Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 <!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>IPC test</title> </head> <body> """) ftempname = '/tmp/ipc-messages' master = not os.path.exists(ftempname) if master: fmode = 'w' else: fmode = 'r' print('<p>Opening file</p>') sys.stdout.flush() ftemp = open(ftempname, fmode) print('<p>File opened</p>') if master: print('<p>Operating as master</p>') sys.stdout.flush() for i in range(10): print('<p>' + str(i) + '</p>') sys.stdout.flush() time.sleep(1) ftemp.close() os.remove(ftempname) else: print('<p>Operating as a slave</p>') ftemp.close() print(""" </body> </html>""") The 'server-push' portion works; that is, for the first request, I do see piecewise updates. However, while the first request is being serviced, subsequent requests are not started, only to be started after the first request has finished. Any ideas on why, and how to fix it? Edit: I see the same non-concurrent behaviour with vanilla PHP, running this: <!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <!-- $Id: $--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>IPC test</title> </head> <body> <p> <?php function echofl($str) { echo $str . "</b>\n"; ob_flush(); flush(); } define('tempfn', '/tmp/emailsync'); if (file_exists(tempfn)) $perms = 'r+'; else $perms = 'w'; assert($fsync = fopen(tempfn, $perms)); assert(chmod(tempfn, 0600)); if (!flock($fsync, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB, $wouldblock)) { assert($wouldblock); $master = false; } else $master = true; if ($master) { echofl('Running as master.'); assert(fwrite($fsync, 'content') != false); assert(sleep(5) == 0); assert(flock($fsync, LOCK_UN)); } else { echofl('Running as slave.'); echofl(fgets($fsync)); } assert(fclose($fsync)); echofl('Done.'); ?> </p> </body> </html>

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• Windows 7: How to place SuperFetch cache on an SSD?

  - by Ian Boyd

  I'm thinking of adding a solid state drive (SSD) to my existing Windows 7 installation. I know I can (and should) move my paging file to the SSD: Should the pagefile be placed on SSDs? Yes. Most pagefile operations are small random reads or larger sequential writes, both of which are types of operations that SSDs handle well. In looking at telemetry data from thousands of traces and focusing on pagefile reads and writes, we find that Pagefile.sys reads outnumber pagefile.sys writes by about 40 to 1, Pagefile.sys read sizes are typically quite small, with 67% less than or equal to 4 KB, and 88% less than 16 KB. Pagefile.sys writes are relatively large, with 62% greater than or equal to 128 KB and 45% being exactly 1 MB in size. In fact, given typical pagefile reference patterns and the favorable performance characteristics SSDs have on those patterns, there are few files better than the pagefile to place on an SSD. What I don't know is if I even can put a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost cache) on the solid state drive. I want to get the benefit of Windows being able to cache gigabytes of frequently accessed data on a relativly small (e.g. 30GB) solid state drive. This is exactly what SuperFetch+ReadyBoost (or SuperFetch+ReadyDrive) was designed for. Will Windows offer (or let) me place a ReadyBoost cache on a solid state flash drive connected via SATA? A problem with the ReadyBoost cache over the ReadyDrive cache is that the ReadyBoost cache does not survive between reboots. The cache is encrypted with a per-session key, making its existing contents unusable during boot and SuperFetch pre-fetching during login. Update One I know that Windows Vista limited you to only one ReadyBoost.sfcache file (I do not know if Windows 7 removed that limitation): Q: Can use use multiple devices for EMDs? A: Nope. We've limited Vista to one ReadyBoost per machine Q: Why just one device? A: Time and quality. Since this is the first revision of the feature, we decided to focus on making the single device exceptional, without the difficulties of managing multiple caches. We like the idea, though, and it's under consideration for future versions. I also know that the 4GB limit on the cache file was a limitation of the FAT filesystem used on most USB sticks - an SSD drive would be formatted with NTFS: Q: What's the largest amount of flash that I can use for ReadyBoost? A: You can use up to 4GB of flash for ReadyBoost (which turns out to be 8GB of cache w/ the compression) Q: Why can't I use more than 4GB of flash? A: The FAT32 filesystem limits our ReadyBoost.sfcache file to 4GB Can a ReadyBoost cache on an NTFS volume be larger than 4GB? Update Two The ReadyBoost cache is encrypted with a per-boot session key. This means that the cache has to be re-built after each boot, and cannot be used to help speed boot times, or latency from login to usable. Windows ReadyDrive technology takes advantage of non-volatile (NV) memory (i.e. flash) that is incorporated with some hybrid hard drives. This flash cache can be used to help Windows boot, or resume from hibernate faster. Will Windows 7 use an internal SSD drive as a ReadyBoost/*ReadyDrive*/SuperFetch cache? Is it possible to make Windows store a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost) on a non-removable SSD? Is it possible to not encrypt the ReadyBoost cache, and if so will Windows 7 use the cache at boot time? See also SuperUser.com: ReadyBoost + SSD = ? Windows 7 - ReadyBoost & SSD drives? Support and Q&A for Solid-State Drives Using SDD as a cache for HDD, is there a solution? Performance increase using SSD for paging/fetch/cache or ReadyBoost? (Win7) Windows 7 To Boost SSD Performance How to Disable Nonvolatile Caching

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• can't login to new install of SQL 2008 x64 via SSMS

  - by tpcolson

  I have performed a fresh install of SQL 2008 x64 on a fresh install of Server 2008 R2 x64 in an AD environment. Upon install completion, I cannot login to the SQL Instance via SSMS, with the following error: Login failed for user domain\user. Reason: Token-based server access validation failed with an infrastructure error. Check for previous errors. [CLIENT: ]. Background: the server is correctly joined to the AD Domain, the install was performed with defaults, windows authentication only (per organizational rules), the SQL install completes with no errors, domain\user was added as SQL Amin during setup account provisioning, I am logged into to console as domain\user when this error occurs, windows firewall is OFF, UAC is ON (an will never be turned off in accordance with organizational policy). To troubleshoot this error I have tried: Run SSMS as administrator: fail; Start SQL in single user mode, run SSMS: fail Start SQL in single user mode, run SSMS as administrator: Success Start SQL in single user mode, run SSMS as administrator, remove domain\user from sysadmin group, re-add, run SSMS: fail; Any combination and permutation of log off and log on, reboot, and chant gregorian prayers: fail; Reimage server with 2008 x64, slipstream SP2 into SQL 2008 install, all above troubleshooting steps are repeatable exactly, so I've narrowed this down to not being a SP issue; (this is NOT 2008 SQL R2) Any suggestion on how to grant management access to this fresh install of SQL 2008 via SSMS? Our organizational policy is no console access to servers, management will be done via management tools intalled on client workstations. domain\user is a group of 8 users whom will have SSMS installed on workstations. However, we can't even access SQL via SSMS from the console! We cannot deploy this in an environment where these 8 users will have to sneak into the server closet on the weekends and have console access to SQL and run SSMS as administrator. EDIT: domain\group is a replacement for the actual object; the queries indicate that domain\group does indeed have the right privelges....!?! 1> EXEC xp_logininfo 'domain\group' go account name type privilege mapped login name permission path 'domain\group' group admin 'domain\group' NULL xp_logininfo seems to show 'domain\group' in the sql admin group; 1> SELECT A.name AS 'Role', B.name AS 'Login' 3> FROM sys.server_role_members C 5> INNER JOIN sys.server_principals A ON A.principal_id = C.role_principal_id 7> INNER JOIN sys.server_principals B ON B.principal_id = C.member_principal _id 9> go Role Login sysadmin sa sysadmin NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM sysadmin NT SERVICE\MSSQLSERVER sysadmin NT SERVICE\SQLSERVERAGENT sysadmin domain\group 1> SELECT PRINCIPAL_ID AS [Principal ID], 2> NAME AS [User], 3> TYPE_DESC AS [Type Description], 4> IS_DISABLED AS [Status] 5> FROM sys.server_principals 6> GO Principal ID User Type Description Status ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------------------ ------ 1 sa SQL_LOGIN 1 2 public SERVER_ROLE 0 3 sysadmin SERVER_ROLE 0 4 securityadmin SERVER_ROLE 0 5 serveradmin SERVER_ROLE 0 6 setupadmin SERVER_ROLE 0 7 processadmin SERVER_ROLE 0 8 diskadmin SERVER_ROLE 0 9 dbcreator SERVER_ROLE 0 10 bulkadmin SERVER_ROLE 0 101 ##MS_SQLResourceSigningCertificate## CERTIFICATE_MAPPED _LOGIN 0 102 ##MS_SQLReplicationSigningCertificate## CERTIFICATE_MAPPED _LOGIN 0 103 ##MS_SQLAuthenticatorCertificate## CERTIFICATE_MAPPED _LOGIN 0 105 ##MS_PolicySigningCertificate## CERTIFICATE_MAPPED _LOGIN 0 257 ##MS_PolicyTsqlExecutionLogin## SQL_LOGIN 1 259 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM WINDOWS_LOGIN 0 260 NT SERVICE\MSSQLSERVER WINDOWS_GROUP 0 262 NT SERVICE\SQLSERVERAGENT WINDOWS_GROUP 0 263 ##MS_PolicyEventProcessingLogin## SQL_LOGIN 1 264 ##MS_AgentSigningCertificate## CERTIFICATE_MAPPED _LOGIN 0 265 domain\group WINDOWS_GROUP 0 (21 rows affected)

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• How to place SuperFetch cache on an SSD?

  - by Ian Boyd

  I'm thinking of adding a solid state drive (SSD) to my existing Windows 7 installation. I know I can (and should) move my paging file to the SSD: Should the pagefile be placed on SSDs? Yes. Most pagefile operations are small random reads or larger sequential writes, both of which are types of operations that SSDs handle well. In looking at telemetry data from thousands of traces and focusing on pagefile reads and writes, we find that Pagefile.sys reads outnumber pagefile.sys writes by about 40 to 1, Pagefile.sys read sizes are typically quite small, with 67% less than or equal to 4 KB, and 88% less than 16 KB. Pagefile.sys writes are relatively large, with 62% greater than or equal to 128 KB and 45% being exactly 1 MB in size. In fact, given typical pagefile reference patterns and the favorable performance characteristics SSDs have on those patterns, there are few files better than the pagefile to place on an SSD. What I don't know is if I even can put a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost cache) on the solid state drive. I want to get the benefit of Windows being able to cache gigabytes of frequently accessed data on a relativly small (e.g. 30GB) solid state drive. This is exactly what SuperFetch+ReadyBoost (or SuperFetch+ReadyDrive) was designed for. Will Windows offer (or let) me place a ReadyBoost cache on a solid state flash drive connected via SATA? A problem with the ReadyBoost cache over the ReadyDrive cache is that the ReadyBoost cache does not survive between reboots. The cache is encrypted with a per-session key, making its existing contents unusable during boot and SuperFetch pre-fetching during login. Update One I know that Windows Vista limited you to only one ReadyBoost.sfcache file (I do not know if Windows 7 removed that limitation): Q: Can use use multiple devices for EMDs? A: Nope. We've limited Vista to one ReadyBoost per machine Q: Why just one device? A: Time and quality. Since this is the first revision of the feature, we decided to focus on making the single device exceptional, without the difficulties of managing multiple caches. We like the idea, though, and it's under consideration for future versions. I also know that the 4GB limit on the cache file was a limitation of the FAT filesystem used on most USB sticks - an SSD drive would be formatted with NTFS: Q: What's the largest amount of flash that I can use for ReadyBoost? A: You can use up to 4GB of flash for ReadyBoost (which turns out to be 8GB of cache w/ the compression) Q: Why can't I use more than 4GB of flash? A: The FAT32 filesystem limits our ReadyBoost.sfcache file to 4GB Can a ReadyBoost cache on an NTFS volume be larger than 4GB? Update Two The ReadyBoost cache is encrypted with a per-boot session key. This means that the cache has to be re-built after each boot, and cannot be used to help speed boot times, or latency from login to usable. Windows ReadyDrive technology takes advantage of non-volatile (NV) memory (i.e. flash) that is incorporated with some hybrid hard drives. This flash cache can be used to help Windows boot, or resume from hibernate faster. Will Windows 7 use an internal SSD drive as a ReadyBoost/*ReadyDrive*/SuperFetch cache? Is it possible to make Windows store a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost) on a non-removable SSD? Is it possible to not encrypt the ReadyBoost cache, and if so will Windows 7 use the cache at boot time? See also SuperUser.com: ReadyBoost + SSD = ? Windows 7 - ReadyBoost & SSD drives? Support and Q&A for Solid-State Drives Using SDD as a cache for HDD, is there a solution? Performance increase using SSD for paging/fetch/cache or ReadyBoost? (Win7) Windows 7 To Boost SSD Performance How to Disable Nonvolatile Caching

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• Router 2wire, Slackware desktop in DMZ mode, iptables policy aginst ping, but still pingable

  - by user135501

  I'm in DMZ mode, so I'm firewalling myself, stealthy all ok, but I get faulty test results from Shields Up that there are pings. Yesterday I couldn't make a connection to game servers work, because ping block was enabled (on the router). I disabled it, but this persists even due to my firewall. What is the connection between me and my router in DMZ mode (for my machine, there is bunch of others too behind router firewall)? When it allows router affecting if I'm pingable or not and if router has setting not blocking ping, rules in my iptables for this scenario do not work. Please ignore commented rules, I do uncomment them as I want. These two should do the job right? iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all Here are my iptables: #!/bin/sh # Begin /bin/firewall-start # Insert connection-tracking modules (not needed if built into the kernel). #modprobe ip_tables #modprobe iptable_filter #modprobe ip_conntrack #modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp #modprobe ipt_state #modprobe ipt_LOG # allow local-only connections iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # free output on any interface to any ip for any service # (equal to -P ACCEPT) iptables -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # permit answers on already established connections # and permit new connections related to established ones (eg active-ftp) iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT #Gamespy&NWN #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp -m multiport --ports 5120:5129 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 6667 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 28910 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 29900 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 29901 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 29920 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m multiport --ports 5120:5129 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 6500 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 27900 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 27901 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 29910 -j ACCEPT # Log everything else: What's Windows' latest exploitable vulnerability? iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-prefix "FIREWALL:INPUT" # set a sane policy: everything not accepted > /dev/null iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP # be verbose on dynamic ip-addresses (not needed in case of static IP) echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr # disable ExplicitCongestionNotification - too many routers are still # ignorant echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ecn #ping death echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all # If you are frequently accessing ftp-servers or enjoy chatting you might # notice certain delays because some implementations of these daemons have # the feature of querying an identd on your box for your username for # logging. Although there's really no harm in this, having an identd # running is not recommended because some implementations are known to be # vulnerable. # To avoid these delays you could reject the requests with a 'tcp-reset': #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 113 -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset #iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 113 -m state --state RELATED -j ACCEPT # To log and drop invalid packets, mostly harmless packets that came in # after netfilter's timeout, sometimes scans: #iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp -m state --state INVALID -j LOG --log-prefix \ "FIREWALL:INVALID" #iptables -I INPUT 2 -p tcp -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # End /bin/firewall-start

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• Issues with signal handling [closed]

  - by user34790

  I am trying to actually study the signal handling behavior in multiprocess system. I have a system where there are three signal generating processes generating signals of type SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR1. I have two handler processes that handle a particular type of signal. I have another monitoring process that also receives the signals and then does its work. I have a certain issue. Whenever my signal handling processes generate a signal of a particular type, it is sent to the process group so it is received by the signal handling processes as well as the monitoring processes. Whenever the signal handlers of monitoring and signal handling processes are called, I have printed to indicate the signal handling. I was expecting a uniform series of calls for the signal handlers of the monitoring and handling processes. However, looking at the output I could see like at the beginning the monitoring and signal handling processes's signal handlers are called uniformly. However, after I could see like signal handler processes handlers being called in a burst followed by the signal handler of monitoring process being called in a burst. Here is my code and output #include <iostream> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <signal.h> #include <cstdio> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/shm.h> #define NUM_SENDER_PROCESSES 3 #define NUM_HANDLER_PROCESSES 4 #define NUM_SIGNAL_REPORT 10 #define MAX_SIGNAL_COUNT 100000 using namespace std; volatile int *usrsig1_handler_count; volatile int *usrsig2_handler_count; volatile int *usrsig1_sender_count; volatile int *usrsig2_sender_count; volatile int *lock_1; volatile int *lock_2; volatile int *lock_3; volatile int *lock_4; volatile int *lock_5; volatile int *lock_6; //Used only by the monitoring process volatile int monitor_count; volatile int usrsig1_monitor_count; volatile int usrsig2_monitor_count; double time_1[NUM_SIGNAL_REPORT]; double time_2[NUM_SIGNAL_REPORT]; //Used only by the main process int total_signal_count; //For shared memory int shmid; const int shareSize = sizeof(int) * (10); double timestamp() { struct timeval tp; gettimeofday(&tp, NULL); return (double)tp.tv_sec + tp.tv_usec / 1000000.; } pid_t senders[NUM_SENDER_PROCESSES]; pid_t handlers[NUM_HANDLER_PROCESSES]; pid_t reporter; void signal_catcher_1(int); void signal_catcher_2(int); void signal_catcher_int(int); void signal_catcher_monitor(int); void signal_catcher_main(int); void terminate_processes() { //Kill the child processes int status; cout << "Time up terminating the child processes" << endl; for(int i=0; i<NUM_SENDER_PROCESSES; i++) { kill(senders[i],SIGKILL); } for(int i=0; i<NUM_HANDLER_PROCESSES; i++) { kill(handlers[i],SIGKILL); } kill(reporter,SIGKILL); //Wait for the child processes to finish for(int i=0; i<NUM_SENDER_PROCESSES; i++) { waitpid(senders[i], &status, 0); } for(int i=0; i<NUM_HANDLER_PROCESSES; i++) { waitpid(handlers[i], &status, 0); } waitpid(reporter, &status, 0); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if(argc != 2) { cout << "Required parameters missing. " << endl; cout << "Option 1 = 1 which means run for 30 seconds" << endl; cout << "Option 2 = 2 which means run until 100000 signals" << endl; exit(0); } int option = atoi(argv[1]); pid_t pid; if(option == 2) { if(signal(SIGUSR1, signal_catcher_main) == SIG_ERR) { perror("1"); exit(1); } if(signal(SIGUSR2, signal_catcher_main) == SIG_ERR) { perror("2"); exit(1); } } else { if(signal(SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR) { perror("1"); exit(1); } if(signal(SIGUSR2, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR) { perror("2"); exit(1); } } if(signal(SIGINT, signal_catcher_int) == SIG_ERR) { perror("3"); exit(1); } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////// Initializing the shared memory ///////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// cout << "Initializing the shared memory" << endl; if ((shmid=shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,shareSize,IPC_CREAT|0660))< 0) { perror("shmget fail"); exit(1); } usrsig1_handler_count = (int *) shmat(shmid, NULL, 0); usrsig2_handler_count = usrsig1_handler_count + 1; usrsig1_sender_count = usrsig2_handler_count + 1; usrsig2_sender_count = usrsig1_sender_count + 1; lock_1 = usrsig2_sender_count + 1; lock_2 = lock_1 + 1; lock_3 = lock_2 + 1; lock_4 = lock_3 + 1; lock_5 = lock_4 + 1; lock_6 = lock_5 + 1; //Initialize them to be zero *usrsig1_handler_count = 0; *usrsig2_handler_count = 0; *usrsig1_sender_count = 0; *usrsig2_sender_count = 0; *lock_1 = 0; *lock_2 = 0; *lock_3 = 0; *lock_4 = 0; *lock_5 = 0; *lock_6 = 0; cout << "End of initializing the shared memory" << endl; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////// End of initializing the shared memory /////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////Registering the signal handlers/////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// cout << "Registering the signal handlers" << endl; for(int i=0; i<NUM_HANDLER_PROCESSES; i++) { if((pid = fork()) == 0) { if(i%2 == 0) { struct sigaction action; action.sa_handler = signal_catcher_1; sigset_t block_mask; action.sa_flags = 0; sigaction(SIGUSR1,&action,NULL); if(signal(SIGUSR2, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR) { perror("2"); exit(1); } } else { if(signal(SIGUSR1 ,SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR) { perror("1"); exit(1); } struct sigaction action; action.sa_handler = signal_catcher_2; action.sa_flags = 0; sigaction(SIGUSR2,&action,NULL); } if(signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL) == SIG_ERR) { perror("2"); exit(1); } while(true) { pause(); } exit(0); } else { //cout << "Registerd the handler " << pid << endl; handlers[i] = pid; } } cout << "End of registering the signal handlers" << endl; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////End of registering the signal handlers ////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////Registering the monitoring process ////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// cout << "Registering the monitoring process" << endl; if((pid = fork()) == 0) { struct sigaction action; action.sa_handler = signal_catcher_monitor; sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask); sigset_t block_mask; sigemptyset(&block_mask); sigaddset(&block_mask,SIGUSR1); sigaddset(&block_mask,SIGUSR2); action.sa_flags = 0; action.sa_mask = block_mask; sigaction(SIGUSR1,&action,NULL); sigaction(SIGUSR2,&action,NULL); if(signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL) == SIG_ERR) { perror("2"); exit(1); } while(true) { pause(); } exit(0); } else { cout << "Monitor's pid is " << pid << endl; reporter = pid; } cout << "End of registering the monitoring process" << endl; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////End of registering the monitoring process//////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //Sleep to make sure that the monitor and handler processes are well initialized and ready to handle signals sleep(5); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////Registering the signal generators/////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// cout << "Registering the signal generators" << endl; for(int i=0; i<NUM_SENDER_PROCESSES; i++) { if((pid = fork()) == 0) { if(signal(SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR) { perror("1"); exit(1); } if(signal(SIGUSR2, SIG_IGN) == SIG_ERR) { perror("2"); exit(1); } if(signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL) == SIG_ERR) { perror("2"); exit(1); } srand(i); while(true) { int signal_id = rand()%2 + 1; if(signal_id == 1) { killpg(getpgid(getpid()), SIGUSR1); while(__sync_lock_test_and_set(lock_4,1) != 0) { } (*usrsig1_sender_count)++; *lock_4 = 0; } else { killpg(getpgid(getpid()), SIGUSR2); while(__sync_lock_test_and_set(lock_5,1) != 0) { } (*usrsig2_sender_count)++; *lock_5=0; } int r = rand()%10 + 1; double s = (double)r/100; sleep(s); } exit(0); } else { //cout << "Registered the sender " << pid << endl; senders[i] = pid; } } //cout << "End of registering the signal generators" << endl; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////End of registering the signal generators/////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //Either sleep for 30 seconds and terminate the program or if the number of signals generated reaches 10000, terminate the program if(option = 1) { sleep(90); terminate_processes(); } else { while(true) { if(total_signal_count >= MAX_SIGNAL_COUNT) { terminate_processes(); } else { sleep(0.001); } } } } void signal_catcher_1(int the_sig) { while(__sync_lock_test_and_set(lock_1,1) != 0) { } (*usrsig1_handler_count) = (*usrsig1_handler_count) + 1; cout << "Signal Handler 1 " << *usrsig1_handler_count << endl; __sync_lock_release(lock_1); } void signal_catcher_2(int the_sig) { while(__sync_lock_test_and_set(lock_2,1) != 0) { } (*usrsig2_handler_count) = (*usrsig2_handler_count) + 1; __sync_lock_release(lock_2); } void signal_catcher_main(int the_sig) { while(__sync_lock_test_and_set(lock_6,1) != 0) { } total_signal_count++; *lock_6 = 0; } void signal_catcher_int(int the_sig) { for(int i=0; i<NUM_SENDER_PROCESSES; i++) { kill(senders[i],SIGKILL); } for(int i=0; i<NUM_HANDLER_PROCESSES; i++) { kill(handlers[i],SIGKILL); } kill(reporter,SIGKILL); exit(3); } void signal_catcher_monitor(int the_sig) { cout << "Monitoring process " << *usrsig1_handler_count << endl; } Here is the initial segment of output Monitoring process 0 Monitoring process 0 Monitoring process 0 Monitoring process 0 Signal Handler 1 1 Monitoring process 2 Signal Handler 1 2 Signal Handler 1 3 Signal Handler 1 4 Monitoring process 4 Monitoring process Signal Handler 1 6 Signal Handler 1 7 Monitoring process 7 Monitoring process 8 Monitoring process 8 Signal Handler 1 9 Monitoring process 9 Monitoring process 9 Monitoring process 10 Signal Handler 1 11 Monitoring process 11 Monitoring process 12 Signal Handler 1 13 Signal Handler 1 14 Signal Handler 1 15 Signal Handler 1 16 Signal Handler 1 17 Signal Handler 1 18 Monitoring process 19 Signal Handler 1 20 Monitoring process 20 Signal Handler 1 21 Monitoring process 21 Monitoring process 21 Monitoring process 22 Monitoring process 22 Monitoring process 23 Signal Handler 1 24 Signal Handler 1 25 Monitoring process 25 Signal Handler 1 27 Signal Handler 1 28 Signal Handler 1 29 Here is the segment when the signal handler processes signal handlers are called in a burst Signal Handler 1 456 Signal Handler 1 457 Signal Handler 1 458 Signal Handler 1 459 Signal Handler 1 460 Signal Handler 1 461 Signal Handler 1 462 Signal Handler 1 463 Signal Handler 1 464 Signal Handler 1 465 Signal Handler 1 466 Signal Handler 1 467 Signal Handler 1 468 Signal Handler 1 469 Signal Handler 1 470 Signal Handler 1 471 Signal Handler 1 472 Signal Handler 1 473 Signal Handler 1 474 Signal Handler 1 475 Signal Handler 1 476 Signal Handler 1 477 Signal Handler 1 478 Signal Handler 1 479 Signal Handler 1 480 Signal Handler 1 481 Signal Handler 1 482 Signal Handler 1 483 Signal Handler 1 484 Signal Handler 1 485 Signal Handler 1 486 Signal Handler 1 487 Signal Handler 1 488 Signal Handler 1 489 Signal Handler 1 490 Signal Handler 1 491 Signal Handler 1 492 Signal Handler 1 493 Signal Handler 1 494 Signal Handler 1 495 Signal Handler 1 496 Signal Handler 1 497 Signal Handler 1 498 Signal Handler 1 499 Signal Handler 1 500 Signal Handler 1 501 Signal Handler 1 502 Signal Handler 1 503 Signal Handler 1 504 Signal Handler 1 505 Signal Handler 1 506 Here is the segment when the monitoring processes signal handlers are called in a burst Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Monitoring process 140 Why isn't it uniform afterwards. Why are they called in a burst?

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• Mailman Error / Cpanel

  - by Faith In Unseen Things

  Mailman is giving off this error when any changes are made to the list: ======================= Bug in Mailman version 2.1.14 We're sorry, we hit a bug! Please inform the webmaster for this site of this problem. Printing of traceback and other system information has been explicitly inhibited, but the webmaster can find this information in the Mailman error logs. Ran: /usr/local/cpanel/bin/mailman-install --force Then it says at the end: Updating Usenet watermarks - nothing to update here Nothing to do. updating old qfiles cp: cannot remove `/usr/local/cpanel/img-sys/gnu-head-tiny.jpg': Permission denied cp: cannot remove `/usr/local/cpanel/img-sys/mailman-large.jpg': Permission denied cp: cannot remove `/usr/local/cpanel/img-sys/mailman.jpg': Permission denied cp: cannot remove `/usr/local/cpanel/img-sys/mm-icon.png': Permission denied cp: cannot remove `/usr/local/cpanel/img-sys/PythonPowered.png': Permission denied directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/.cpanel (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/ca (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/uk (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/it (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/es (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/en (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/da (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/eu (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/no (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/pl (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/sv (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/tr (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/zh_CN (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/nl (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/fi (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/ast (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/zh_TW (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/ko (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/sk (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/ro (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/ja (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/pt (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/ru (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/ia (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/gl (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/vi (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/lt (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/cs (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/sl (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/pt_BR (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/he (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/hr (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/ar (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/et (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/de (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/fr (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/hu (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/templates/sr (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/.cpanel/caches (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/.cpanel/caches/config (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/ca (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/uk (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/it (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/es (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/da (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/eu (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/no (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/pl (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/sv (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/tr (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/zh_CN (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/nl (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/fi (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/ast (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/zh_TW (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/ko (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/sk (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/ro (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/ja (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/pt (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/ru (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/ia (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/gl (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/vi (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/lt (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/cs (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/sl (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/pt_BR (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/he (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/hr (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/ar (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/et (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/de (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/fr (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/hu (fixing) directory permissions must be 02775: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/messages/sr (fixing) Warning: Private archive directory is other-executable (o+x). This could allow other users on your system to read private archives. If you're on a shared multiuser system, you should consult the installation manual on how to fix this. Problems found: 76 Re-run as mailman (or root) with -f flag to fix must be privileged to use -u must be privileged to use -u Unable to touch file /var/cpanel/mailman2: Permission denied at /usr/local/cpanel/bin/mailman-install line 275. [2012-04-13 19:33:55 -0500] warn [restartsrv_mailman] 2254: Unable to set RLIMIT_RSS to infinity 2254: Unable to set RLIMIT_AS to infinity at /usr/local/cpanel/Cpanel/Rlimit.pm line 113 Cpanel::Rlimit::set_rlimit_to_infinity() called at /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv_mailman line 18 eval {...} called at /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv_mailman line 15 warn [restartsrv_mailman] 2254: Unable to set RLIMIT_RSS to infinity 2254: Unable to set RLIMIT_AS to infinity [2012-04-13 19:33:55 -0500] warn [Cpanel::SafeDir::MK] mkdir /var/run/restartsrv/startup failed: Permission denied at /usr/local/cpanel/Cpanel/SafeDir/MK.pm line 153 Cpanel::SafeDir::MK::safemkdir('/var/run/restartsrv/startup', 0700) called at /usr/local/cpanel/Cpanel/RestartSrv.pm line 756 Cpanel::RestartSrv::logged_startup('mailman', 1, ARRAY(0x8fa4bc8)) called at /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv_mailman line 47 warn [Cpanel::SafeDir::MK] mkdir /var/run/restartsrv/startup failed: Permission denied [2012-04-13 19:33:55 -0500] warn [restartsrv_mailman] Failed to create /var/run/restartsrv/startup at /usr/local/cpanel/Cpanel/RestartSrv.pm line 759 Cpanel::RestartSrv::logged_startup('mailman', 1, ARRAY(0x8fa4bc8)) called at /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv_mailman line 47 warn [restartsrv_mailman] Failed to create /var/run/restartsrv/startup Ran this: /usr/local/cpanel/bin/mailman-install --force -f Same message as above. root@server2 [~]# cat /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/logs/error Apr 13 19:33:55 2012 mailmanctl(2255): PID unreadable in: /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/data/master-qrunner.pid Apr 13 19:33:55 2012 mailmanctl(2255): [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/data/master-qrunner.pid' Apr 13 19:33:55 2012 mailmanctl(2255): Is qrunner even running? root@server2 [~]# /scripts/restartsrv_mailman --status mailmanctl (/usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/mailmanctl --stale-lock-cleanup start) running as mailman with PID 24070 3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner (/usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=RetryRunner:0:1 -s) running as mailman with PID 24078 root@server2 [~]# cat /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/data/master-qrunner.pid 24070 root@server2 [~]# ls -lah /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/data/master-qrunner.pid -rw-rw---- 1 mailman mailman 6 Apr 13 19:47 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/data/master-qrunner.pid root@server2 [~]# ps aux | grep python mailman 4557 0.0 0.1 10484 6044 ? S 19:40 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=RetryRunner:0:1 -s mailman 24070 0.0 0.1 14268 4480 ? Ss 19:47 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/mailmanctl --stale-lock-cleanup start mailman 24071 1.1 0.1 14052 6100 ? S 19:47 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=ArchRunner:0:1 -s mailman 24072 1.0 0.1 13444 6112 ? S 19:47 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=BounceRunner:0:1 -s mailman 24073 1.0 0.1 13040 6108 ? S 19:47 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=CommandRunner:0:1 -s mailman 24074 1.0 0.1 13484 6104 ? S 19:47 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=IncomingRunner:0:1 -s mailman 24075 1.0 0.1 12940 6136 ? S 19:47 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=NewsRunner:0:1 -s mailman 24076 1.0 0.1 13700 6172 ? S 19:47 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=OutgoingRunner:0:1 -s mailman 24077 1.0 0.1 13416 6100 ? S 19:47 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=VirginRunner:0:1 -s mailman 24078 0.9 0.1 13944 6100 ? S 19:47 0:00 /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/bin/qrunner --runner=RetryRunner:0:1 -s root 24177 0.0 0.0 5428 756 pts/0 S+ 19:48 0:00 grep python

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• SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #051

  - by Pinal Dave

  Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 Explanation and Understanding NOT NULL Constraint NOT NULL is integrity CONSTRAINT. It does not allow creating of the row where column contains NULL value. Most discussed questions about NULL is what is NULL? I will not go in depth analysis it. Simply put NULL is unknown or missing data. When NULL is present in database columns, it can affect the integrity of the database. I really do not prefer NULL in the database unless they are absolutely necessary. Three T-SQL Script to Create Primary Keys on Table I have always enjoyed writing about three topics Constraint and Keys, Backup and Restore and Datetime Functions. Primary Keys constraints prevent duplicate values for columns and provides a unique identifier to each column, as well it creates clustered index on the columns. 2008 Get Numeric Value From Alpha Numeric String – UDF for Get Numeric Numbers Only SQL is great with String operations. Many times, I use T-SQL to do my string operation. Let us see User Defined Function, which I wrote a few days ago, which will return only Numeric values from Alpha Numeric values. Introduction and Example of UNION and UNION ALL It is very much interesting when I get requests from blog reader to re-write my previous articles. I have received few requests to rewrite my article SQL SERVER – Union vs. Union All – Which is better for performance? with examples. I request you to read my previous article first to understand what is the concept and read this article to understand the same concept with an example. Downgrade Database for Previous Version The main questions is how they can downgrade the from SQL Server 2005 to SQL Server 2000? The answer is : Not Possible. Get Common Records From Two Tables Without Using Join Following is my scenario, Suppose Table 1 and Table 2 has same column e.g. Column1 Following is the query, 1. Select column1,column2 From Table1 2. Select column1 From Table2 I want to find common records from these tables, but I don’t want to use the Join clause because for that I need to specify the column name for Join condition. Will you help me to get common records without using Join condition? I am using SQL Server 2005. Retrieve – Select Only Date Part From DateTime – Best Practice – Part 2 A year ago I wrote a post about SQL SERVER – Retrieve – Select Only Date Part From DateTime – Best Practice where I have discussed two different methods of getting the date part from datetime. Introduction to CLR – Simple Example of CLR Stored Procedure CLR is an abbreviation of Common Language Runtime. In SQL Server 2005 and later version of it database objects can be created which are created in CLR. Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers can be coded in CLR. CLR is faster than T-SQL in many cases. CLR is mainly used to accomplish tasks which are not possible by T-SQL or can use lots of resources. The CLR can be usually implemented where there is an intense string operation, thread management or iteration methods which can be complicated for T-SQL. Implementing CLR provides more security to the Extended Stored Procedure. 2009 Comic Slow Query – SQL Joke Before Presentation After Presentation Enable Automatic Statistic Update on Database In one of the recent projects, I found out that despite putting good indexes and optimizing the query, I could not achieve an optimized performance and I still received an unoptimized response from the SQL Server. On examination, I figured out that the culprit was statistics. The database that I was trying to optimize had auto update of the statistics was disabled. Recently Executed T-SQL Query Please refer to blog post  query to recently executed T-SQL query on database. Change Collation of Database Column – T-SQL Script – Consolidating Collations – Extention Script At some time in your DBA career, you may find yourself in a position when you sit back and realize that your database collations have somehow run amuck, or are faced with the ever annoying CANNOT RESOLVE COLLATION message when trying to join data of varying collation settings. 2010 Visiting Alma Mater – Delivering Session on Database Performance and Career – Nirma Institute of Technology Everyone always dreams of visiting their school and college, where they have studied once. It is a great feeling to see the college once again – where you have spent the wonderful golden years of your time. College time is filled with studies, education, emotions and several plans to build a future. I consider myself fortunate as I got the opportunity to study at some of the best places in the world. Change Column DataTypes There are times when I feel like writing that I am a day older in SQL Server. In fact, there are many who are looking for a solution that is simple enough. Have you ever searched online for something very simple. I often do and enjoy doing things which are straight forward and easy to change. 2011 Three DMVs – sys.dm_server_memory_dumps – sys.dm_server_services – sys.dm_server_registry In this blog post we will see three new DMVs which are introduced in Denali. The DMVs are very simple and there is not much to describe them. So here is the simple game. I will be asking a question back to you after seeing the result of the each of the DMV and you help me to complete this blog post. A Simple Quiz – T-SQL Brain Trick If you have some time, I strongly suggest you try this quiz out as it is for sure twists your brain. 2012 List All The Column With Specific Data Types in Database 5 years ago I wrote script SQL SERVER – 2005 – List All The Column With Specific Data Types, when I read it again, it is very much relevant and I liked it. This is one of the script which every developer would like to keep it handy. I have upgraded the script bit more. I have included few additional information which I believe I should have added from the beginning. It is difficult to visualize the final script when we are writing it first time. Find First Non-Numeric Character from String The function PATINDEX exists for quite a long time in SQL Server but I hardly see it being used. Well, at least I use it and I am comfortable using it. Here is a simple script which I use when I have to identify first non-numeric character. Finding Different ColumnName From Almost Identitical Tables Well here is the interesting example of how we can use sys.column catalogue views and get the details of the newly added column. I have previously written about EXCEPT over here which is very similar to MINUS of Oracle. Storing Data and Files in Cloud – Dropbox – Personal Technology Tip I thought long and hard about doing a Personal Technology Tips series for this blog.  I have so many tips I’d like to share.  I am on my computer almost all day, every day, so I have a treasure trove of interesting tidbits I like to share if given the chance.  The only thing holding me back – which tip to share first?  The first tip obviously has the weight of seeming like the most important.  But this would mean choosing amongst my favorite tricks and shortcuts.  This is a hard task. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• A pseudo-listener for AlwaysOn Availability Groups for SQL Server virtual machines running in Azure

  - by MikeD

  I am involved in a project that is implementing SharePoint 2013 on virtual machines hosted in Azure. The back end data tier consists of two Azure VMs running SQL Server 2012, with the SharePoint databases contained in an AlwaysOn Availability Group. I used this "Tutorial: AlwaysOn Availability Groups in Windows Azure (GUI)" to help me implement this setup.Because Azure DHCP will not assign multiple unique IP addresses to the same VM, having an AG Listener in Azure is not currently supported.  I wanted to figure out another mechanism to support a "pseudo listener" of some sort. First, I created a CNAME (alias) record in the DNS zone with a short TTL (time to live) of 5 minutes (I may yet make this even shorter). The record represents a logical name (let's say the alias is SPSQL) of the server to connect to for the databases in the availability group (AG). When Server1 was hosting the primary replica of the AG, I would set the CNAME of SPSQL to be SERVER1. When the AG failed over to Server1, I wanted to set the CNAME to SERVER2. Seemed simple enough.(It's important to point out that the connection strings for my SharePoint services should use the CNAME alias, and not the actual server name. This whole thing falls apart otherwise.)To accomplish this, I created identical SQL Agent Jobs on Server1 and Server2, with two steps:1. Step 1: Determine if this server is hosting the primary replica.This is a TSQL step using this script:declare @agName sysname = 'AGTest'set nocount on declare @primaryReplica sysnameselect @primaryReplica = agState.primary_replicafrom sys.dm_hadr_availability_group_states agState   join sys.availability_groups ag on agstate.group_id = ag.group_id   where ag.name = @AGname if not exists(   select *    from sys.dm_hadr_availability_group_states agState   join sys.availability_groups ag on agstate.group_id = ag.group_id   where @@Servername = agstate.primary_replica    and ag.name = @AGname)begin   raiserror ('Primary replica of %s is not hosted on %s, it is hosted on %s',17,1,@Agname, @@Servername, @primaryReplica) endThis script determines if the primary replica value of the AG group is the same as the server name, which means that our server is hosting the current AG (you should update the value of the @AgName variable to the name of your AG). If this is true, I want the DNS alias to point to this server. If the current server is not hosting the primary replica, then the script raises an error. Also, if the script can't be executed because it cannot connect to the server, that also will generate an error. For the job step settings, I set the On Failure option to "Quit the job reporting success". The next step in the job will set the DNS alias to this server name, and I only want to do that if I know that it is the current primary replica, otherwise I don't want to do anything. I also include the step output in the job history so I can see the error message.Job Step 2: Update the CNAME entry in DNS with this server's name.I used a PowerShell script to accomplish this:$cname = "SPSQL.contoso.com"$query = "Select * from MicrosoftDNS_CNAMEType"$dns1 = "dc01.contoso.com"$dns2 = "dc02.contoso.com"if ((Test-Connection -ComputerName $dns1 -Count 1 -Quiet) -eq $true){    $dnsServer = $dns1}elseif ((Test-Connection -ComputerName $dns2 -Count 1 -Quiet) -eq $true) {   $dnsServer = $dns2}else{  $msg = "Unable to connect to DNS servers: " + $dns1 + ", " + $dns2   Throw $msg}$record = Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root\microsoftdns" -Query $query -ComputerName $dnsServer  | ? { $_.Ownername -match $cname }$thisServer = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry("LocalHost").HostName + "."$currentServer = $record.RecordData if ($currentServer -eq $thisServer ) {     $cname + " CNAME is up to date: " + $currentServer}else{    $cname + " CNAME is being updated to " + $thisServer + ". It was " + $currentServer    $record.RecordData = $thisServer    $record.put()}This script does a few things:finds a responsive domain controller (Test-Connection does a ping and returns a Boolean value if you specify the -Quiet parameter)makes a WMI call to the domain controller to get the current CNAME record value (Get-WmiObject)gets the FQDN of this server (GetHostEntry)checks if the CNAME record is correct and updates it if necessary(You should update the values of the variables $cname, $dns1 and $dns2 for your environment.)Since my domain controllers are also hosted in Azure VMs, either one of them could be down at any point in time, so I need to find a DC that is responsive before attempting the DNS call. The other little thing here is that the CNAME record contains the FQDN of a machine, plus it ends with a period. So the comparison of the CNAME record has to take the trailing period into account. When I tested this step, I was getting ACCESS DENIED responses from PowerShell for the Get-WmiObject cmdlet that does a remote lookup on the DC. This occurred because the SQL Agent service account was not a member of the Domain Admins group, so I decided to create a SQL Credential to store the credentials for a domain administrator account and use it as a PowerShell proxy (rather than give the service account Domain Admins membership).In SQL Management Studio, right click on the Credentials node (under the server's Security node), and choose New Credential...Then, under SQL Agent-->Proxies, right click on the PowerShell node and choose New Proxy...Finally, in the job step properties for the PowerShell step, select the new proxy in the Run As drop down.I created this two step Job on both nodes of the Availability Group, but if you had more than two nodes, just create the same job on all the servers. I set the schedule for the job to execute every minute.When the server that is hosting the primary replica is running the job, the job history looks like this:The job history on the secondary server looks like this: When a failover occurs, the SQL Agent job on the new primary replica will detect that the CNAME needs to be updated within a minute. Based on the TTL of the CNAME (which I said at the beginning was 5 minutes), the SharePoint servers will get the new alias within five minutes and should be able to reconnect. I may want to shorten up the TTL to reduce the time it takes for the client connections to use the new alias. Using a DNS CNAME and a SQL Agent Job on all servers hosting AG replicas, I was able to create a pseudo-listener to automatically change the name of the server that was hosting the primary replica, for a scenario where I cannot use a regular AG listener (in this case, because the servers are all hosted in Azure).    

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• Fragmented Log files could be slowing down your database

  - by Fatherjack

  Something that is sometimes forgotten by a lot of DBAs is the fact that database log files get fragmented in the same way that you get fragmentation in a data file. The cause is very different but the effect is the same – too much effort reading and writing data. Data files get fragmented as data is changed through normal system activity, INSERTs, UPDATEs and DELETEs cause fragmentation and most experienced DBAs are monitoring their indexes for fragmentation and dealing with it accordingly. However, you don’t hear about so many working on their log files. How can a log file get fragmented? I’m glad you asked. When you create a database there are at least two files created on the disk storage; an mdf for the data and an ldf for the log file (you can also have ndf files for extra data storage but that’s off topic for now). It is wholly possible to have more than one log file but in most cases there is little point in creating more than one as the log file is written to in a ‘wrap-around’ method (more on that later). When a log file is created at the time that a database is created the file is actually sub divided into a number of virtual log files (VLFs). The number and size of these VLFs depends on the size chosen for the log file. VLFs are also created in the space added to a log file when a log file growth event takes place. Do you have your log files set to auto grow? Then you have potentially been introducing many VLFs into your log file. Let’s get to see how many VLFs we have in a brand new database. USE master GO CREATE DATABASE VLF_Test ON ( NAME = VLF_Test, FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.ROCK_2008\MSSQL\DATA\VLF_Test.mdf', SIZE = 100, MAXSIZE = 500, FILEGROWTH = 50 ) LOG ON ( NAME = VLF_Test_Log, FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.ROCK_2008\MSSQL\DATA\VLF_Test_log.ldf', SIZE = 5MB, MAXSIZE = 250MB, FILEGROWTH = 5MB ); go USE VLF_Test go DBCC LOGINFO; The results of this are firstly a new database is created with specified files sizes and the the DBCC LOGINFO results are returned to the script editor. The DBCC LOGINFO results have plenty of interesting information in them but lets first note there are 4 rows of information, this relates to the fact that 4 VLFs have been created in the log file. The values in the FileSize column are the sizes of each VLF in bytes, you will see that the last one to be created is slightly larger than the others. So, a 5MB log file has 4 VLFs of roughly 1.25 MB. Lets alter the CREATE DATABASE script to create a log file that’s a bit bigger and see what happens. Alter the code above so that the log file details are replaced by LOG ON ( NAME = VLF_Test_Log, FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.ROCK_2008\MSSQL\DATA\VLF_Test_log.ldf', SIZE = 1GB, MAXSIZE = 25GB, FILEGROWTH = 1GB ); With a bigger log file specified we get more VLFs What if we make it bigger again? LOG ON ( NAME = VLF_Test_Log, FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.ROCK_2008\MSSQL\DATA\VLF_Test_log.ldf', SIZE = 5GB, MAXSIZE = 250GB, FILEGROWTH = 5GB ); This time we see more VLFs are created within our log file. We now have our 5GB log file comprised of 16 files of 320MB each. In fact these sizes fall into all the ranges that control the VLF creation criteria – what a coincidence! The rules that are followed when a log file is created or has it’s size increased are pretty basic. If the file growth is lower than 64MB then 4 VLFs are created If the growth is between 64MB and 1GB then 8 VLFs are created If the growth is greater than 1GB then 16 VLFs are created. Now the potential for chaos comes if the default values and settings for log file growth are used. By default a database log file gets a 1MB log file with unlimited growth in steps of 10%. The database we just created is 6 MB, let’s add some data and see what happens. USE vlf_test go -- we need somewhere to put the data so, a table is in order IF OBJECT_ID('A_Table') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE A_Table go CREATE TABLE A_Table ( Col_A int IDENTITY, Col_B CHAR(8000) ) GO -- Let's check the state of the log file -- 4 VLFs found EXECUTE ('DBCC LOGINFO'); go -- We can go ahead and insert some data and then check the state of the log file again INSERT A_Table (col_b) SELECT TOP 500 REPLICATE('a',2000) FROM sys.columns AS sc, sys.columns AS sc2 GO -- insert 500 rows and we get 22 VLFs EXECUTE ('DBCC LOGINFO'); go -- Let's insert more rows INSERT A_Table (col_b) SELECT TOP 2000 REPLICATE('a',2000) FROM sys.columns AS sc, sys.columns AS sc2 GO 10 -- insert 2000 rows, in 10 batches and we suddenly have 107 VLFs EXECUTE ('DBCC LOGINFO'); Well, that escalated quickly! Our log file is split, internally, into 107 fragments after a few thousand inserts. The same happens with any logged transactions, I just chose to illustrate this with INSERTs. Having too many VLFs can cause performance degradation at times of database start up, log backup and log restore operations so it’s well worth keeping a check on this property. How do we prevent excessive VLF creation? Creating the database with larger files and also with larger growth steps and actively choosing to grow your databases rather than leaving it to the Auto Grow event can make sure that the growths are made with a size that is optimal. How do we resolve a situation of a database with too many VLFs? This process needs to be done when the database is under little or no stress so that you don’t affect system users. The steps are: BACKUP LOG YourDBName TO YourBackupDestinationOfChoice Shrink the log file to its smallest possible size DBCC SHRINKFILE(FileNameOfTLogHere, TRUNCATEONLY) * Re-size the log file to the size you want it to, taking in to account your expected needs for the coming months or year. ALTER DATABASE YourDBName MODIFY FILE ( NAME = FileNameOfTLogHere, SIZE = TheSizeYouWantItToBeIn_MB) * – If you don’t know the file name of your log file then run sp_helpfile while you are connected to the database that you want to work on and you will get the details you need. The resize step can take quite a while This is already detailed far better than I can explain it by Kimberley Tripp in her blog 8-Steps-to-better-Transaction-Log-throughput.aspx. The result of this will be a log file with a VLF count according to the bullet list above. Knowing when VLFs are being created By complete coincidence while I have been writing this blog (it’s been quite some time from it’s inception to going live) Jonathan Kehayias from SQLSkills.com has written a great article on how to track database file growth using Event Notifications and Service Broker. I strongly recommend taking a look at it as this is going to catch any sneaky auto grows that take place and let you know about them right away. Hassle free monitoring of VLFs If you are lucky or wise enough to be using SQL Monitor or another monitoring tool that let’s you write your own custom metrics then you can keep an eye on this very easily. There is a custom metric for VLFs (written by Stuart Ainsworth) already on the site and there are some others there are very useful so take a moment or two to look around while you are there. Resources MSDN – http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms179355(v=sql.105).aspx Kimberly Tripp from SQLSkills.com – http://www.sqlskills.com/BLOGS/KIMBERLY/post/8-Steps-to-better-Transaction-Log-throughput.aspx Thomas LaRock at Simple-Talk.com – http://www.simple-talk.com/sql/database-administration/monitoring-sql-server-virtual-log-file-fragmentation/ Disclosure I am a Friend of Red Gate. This means that I am more than likely to say good things about Red Gate DBA and Developer tools. No matter how awesome I make them sound, take the time to compare them with other products before you contact the Red Gate sales team to make your order.

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• SQL SERVER – A Quick Look at Logging and Ideas around Logging

  - by pinaldave

  This blog post is written in response to the T-SQL Tuesday post on Logging. When someone talks about logging, personally I get lots of ideas about it. I have seen logging as a very generic term. Let me ask you this question first before I continue writing about logging. What is the first thing comes to your mind when you hear word “Logging”? Now ask the same question to the guy standing next to you. I am pretty confident that you will get  a different answer from different people. I decided to do this activity and asked 5 SQL Server person the same question. Question: What is the first thing comes to your mind when you hear the word “Logging”? Strange enough I got a different answer every single time. Let me just list what answer I got from my friends. Let us go over them one by one. Output Clause The very first person replied output clause. Pretty interesting answer to start with. I see what exactly he was thinking. SQL Server 2005 has introduced a new OUTPUT clause. OUTPUT clause has access to inserted and deleted tables (virtual tables) just like triggers. OUTPUT clause can be used to return values to client clause. OUTPUT clause can be used with INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE to identify the actual rows affected by these statements. Here are some references for Output Clause: OUTPUT Clause Example and Explanation with INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE Reasons for Using Output Clause – Quiz Tips from the SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series – Output Clause in Simple Examples Error Logs I was expecting someone to mention Error logs when it is about logging. The error log is the most looked place when there is any error either with the application or there is an error with the operating system. I have kept the policy to check my server’s error log every day. The reason is simple – enough time in my career I have figured out that when I am looking at error logs I find something which I was not expecting. There are cases, when I noticed errors in the error log and I fixed them before end user notices it. Other common practices I always tell my DBA friends to do is that when any error happens they should find relevant entries in the error logs and document the same. It is quite possible that they will see the same error in the error log  and able to fix the error based on the knowledge base which they have created. There can be many different kinds of error log files exists in SQL Server as well – 1) SQL Server Error Logs 2) Windows Event Log 3) SQL Server Agent Log 4) SQL Server Profile Log 5) SQL Server Setup Log etc. Here are some references for Error Logs: Recycle Error Log – Create New Log file without Server Restart SQL Error Messages Change Data Capture I got surprised with this answer. I think more than the answer I was surprised by the person who had answered me this one. I always thought he was expert in HTML, JavaScript but I guess, one should never assume about others. Indeed one of the cool logging feature is Change Data Capture. Change Data Capture records INSERTs, UPDATEs, and DELETEs applied to SQL Server tables, and makes a record available of what changed, where, and when, in simple relational ‘change tables’ rather than in an esoteric chopped salad of XML. These change tables contain columns that reflect the column structure of the source table you have chosen to track, along with the metadata needed to understand the changes that have been made. Here are some references for Change Data Capture: Introduction to Change Data Capture (CDC) in SQL Server 2008 Tuning the Performance of Change Data Capture in SQL Server 2008 Download Script of Change Data Capture (CDC) CDC and TRUNCATE – Cannot truncate table because it is published for replication or enabled for Change Data Capture Dynamic Management View (DMV) I like this answer. If asked I would have not come up with DMV right away but in the spirit of the original question, I think DMV does log the data. DMV logs or stores or records the various data and activity on the SQL Server. Dynamic management views return server state information that can be used to monitor the health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and tune performance. One can get plethero of information from DMVs – High Availability Status, Query Executions Details, SQL Server Resources Status etc. Here are some references for Dynamic Management View (DMV): SQL SERVER – Denali – DMV Enhancement – sys.dm_exec_query_stats – New Columns DMV – sys.dm_os_windows_info – Information about Operating System DMV – sys.dm_os_wait_stats Explanation – Wait Type – Day 3 of 28 DMV sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set_for_object – Describes the First Result Metadata for the Module Transaction Log Impact Detection Using DMV – dm_tran_database_transactions Log Files I almost flipped with this final answer from my friend. This should be probably the first answer. Yes, indeed log file logs the SQL Server activities. One can write infinite things about log file. SQL Server uses log file with the extension .ldf to manage transactions and maintain database integrity. Log file ensures that valid data is written out to database and system is in a consistent state. Log files are extremely useful in case of the database failures as with the help of full backup file database can be brought in the desired state (point in time recovery is also possible). SQL Server database has three recovery models – 1) Simple, 2) Full and 3) Bulk Logged. Each of the model uses the .ldf file for performing various activities. It is very important to take the backup of the log files (along with full backup) as one never knows when backup of the log file come into the action and save the day! How to Stop Growing Log File Too Big Reduce the Virtual Log Files (VLFs) from LDF file Log File Growing for Model Database – model Database Log File Grew Too Big master Database Log File Grew Too Big SHRINKFILE and TRUNCATE Log File in SQL Server 2008 Can I just say I loved this month’s T-SQL Tuesday Question. It really provoked very interesting conversation around me. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• cannot connect with huawei e173 after upgrade to 12.10 using network manager

  - by user104195

  Since upgrade from 12.04 to 12.10 I can't connect to internet using mobile broadband modem Huawei e173. It worked earlier without problems and now it seems to be properly recognized (at least its connections appear in network manager applet), and after selecting connection manually it starts connection procedure. After about 20 seconds it returns to state disconnected. After browsing internet I've found that running network manager with: NM_PPP_DEBUG=1 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon After inserting modem I get: NetworkManager[507]: <warn> (ttyUSB2): failed to look up interface index NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): new GSM/UMTS device (driver: 'option1' ifindex: 0) NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/2 NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): now managed NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): device state change: unmanaged -> unavailable (reason 'managed') [10 20 2] NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): deactivating device (reason 'managed') [2] NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): device state change: unavailable -> disconnected (reason 'none') [20 30 0] where 'failed to look up interface index' seems to be suspicious. After starting connecting: NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) starting connection 'Plus - Dostep standardowy' NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): device state change: disconnected -> prepare (reason 'none') [30 40 0] NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 1 of 5 (Device Prepare) scheduled... NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 1 of 5 (Device Prepare) started... NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): device state change: prepare -> need-auth (reason 'none') [40 60 0] NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 1 of 5 (Device Prepare) complete. NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 1 of 5 (Device Prepare) scheduled... NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 1 of 5 (Device Prepare) started... NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): device state change: need-auth -> prepare (reason 'none') [60 40 0] NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 1 of 5 (Device Prepare) complete. NetworkManager[507]: <info> WWAN now enabled by management service NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 2 of 5 (Device Configure) scheduled... NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 2 of 5 (Device Configure) starting... NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): device state change: prepare -> config (reason 'none') [40 50 0] NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 2 of 5 (Device Configure) successful. NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 3 of 5 (IP Configure Start) scheduled. NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 2 of 5 (Device Configure) complete. NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 3 of 5 (IP Configure Start) started... NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): device state change: config -> ip-config (reason 'none') [50 70 0] NetworkManager[507]: <info> starting PPP connection NetworkManager[507]: <info> pppd started with pid 663 NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 4 of 5 (IPv6 Configure Timeout) scheduled... NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 3 of 5 (IP Configure Start) complete. NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 4 of 5 (IPv6 Configure Timeout) started... NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 4 of 5 (IPv6 Configure Timeout) complete. Plugin /usr/lib/pppd/2.4.5/nm-pppd-plugin.so loaded. ** Message: nm-ppp-plugin: (plugin_init): initializing ** Message: nm-ppp-plugin: (nm_phasechange): status 3 / phase 'serial connection' Removed stale lock on ttyUSB2 (pid 32146) using channel 23 NetworkManager[507]: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0) NetworkManager[507]: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: device added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0): no ifupdown configuration found. NetworkManager[507]: <warn> /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0: couldn't determine device driver; ignoring... Using interface ppp0 Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/ttyUSB2 ** Message: nm-ppp-plugin: (nm_phasechange): status 5 / phase 'establish' sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0x64b4024a> <pcomp> <accomp>] sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0x64b4024a> <pcomp> <accomp>] sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0x64b4024a> <pcomp> <accomp>] sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0x64b4024a> <pcomp> <accomp>] sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0x64b4024a> <pcomp> <accomp>] sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0x64b4024a> <pcomp> <accomp>] sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0x64b4024a> <pcomp> <accomp>] NetworkManager[507]: <warn> pppd timed out or didn't initialize our dbus module NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 4 of 5 (IPv4 Configure Timeout) scheduled... NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 4 of 5 (IPv4 Configure Timeout) started... NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): device state change: ip-config -> failed (reason 'ip-config-unavailable') [70 120 5] NetworkManager[507]: <warn> Activation (ttyUSB2) failed for connection 'Plus - Dostep standardowy' NetworkManager[507]: <info> Activation (ttyUSB2) Stage 4 of 5 (IPv4 Configure Timeout) complete. NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): device state change: failed -> disconnected (reason 'none') [120 30 0] NetworkManager[507]: <info> (ttyUSB2): deactivating device (reason 'none') [0] Terminating on signal 15 ** Message: nm-ppp-plugin: (nm_phasechange): status 10 / phase 'terminate' sent [LCP TermReq id=0x2 "User request"] NetworkManager[507]: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices removed (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0) where repeated: sent [LCP ConfReq id=0x1 <asyncmap 0x0> <magic 0x64b4024a> <pcomp> <accomp>] last for about 20 seconds. I've tried to downgrade network manager but failed due to many dependencies. Can anyone point me to solution or tell what should I do to further investigate the problem?

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• SQL SERVER – Introduction to Wait Stats and Wait Types – Wait Type – Day 1 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  I have been working a lot on Wait Stats and Wait Types recently. Last Year, I requested blog readers to send me their respective server’s wait stats. I appreciate their kind response as I have received  Wait stats from my readers. I took each of the results and carefully analyzed them. I provided necessary feedback to the person who sent me his wait stats and wait types. Based on the feedbacks I got, many of the readers have tuned their server. After a while I got further feedbacks on my recommendations and again, I collected wait stats. I recorded the wait stats and my recommendations and did further research. At some point at time, there were more than 10 different round trips of the recommendations and suggestions. Finally, after six month of working my hands on performance tuning, I have collected some real world wisdom because of this. Now I plan to share my findings with all of you over here. Before anything else, please note that all of these are based on my personal observations and opinions. They may or may not match the theory available at other places. Some of the suggestions may not match your situation. Remember, every server is different and consequently, there is more than one solution to a particular problem. However, this series is written with kept wait stats in mind. While I was working on various performance tuning consultations, I did many more things than just tuning wait stats. Today we will discuss how to capture the wait stats. I use the script diagnostic script created by my friend and SQL Server Expert Glenn Berry to collect wait stats. Here is the script to collect the wait stats: -- Isolate top waits for server instance since last restart or statistics clear WITH Waits AS (SELECT wait_type, wait_time_ms / 1000. AS wait_time_s, 100. * wait_time_ms / SUM(wait_time_ms) OVER() AS pct, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY wait_time_ms DESC) AS rn FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats WHERE wait_type NOT IN ('CLR_SEMAPHORE','LAZYWRITER_SLEEP','RESOURCE_QUEUE','SLEEP_TASK' ,'SLEEP_SYSTEMTASK','SQLTRACE_BUFFER_FLUSH','WAITFOR', 'LOGMGR_QUEUE','CHECKPOINT_QUEUE' ,'REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH','XE_TIMER_EVENT','BROKER_TO_FLUSH','BROKER_TASK_STOP','CLR_MANUAL_EVENT' ,'CLR_AUTO_EVENT','DISPATCHER_QUEUE_SEMAPHORE', 'FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT' ,'XE_DISPATCHER_WAIT', 'XE_DISPATCHER_JOIN', 'SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP')) SELECT W1.wait_type, CAST(W1.wait_time_s AS DECIMAL(12, 2)) AS wait_time_s, CAST(W1.pct AS DECIMAL(12, 2)) AS pct, CAST(SUM(W2.pct) AS DECIMAL(12, 2)) AS running_pct FROM Waits AS W1 INNER JOIN Waits AS W2 ON W2.rn <= W1.rn GROUP BY W1.rn, W1.wait_type, W1.wait_time_s, W1.pct HAVING SUM(W2.pct) - W1.pct < 99 OPTION (RECOMPILE); -- percentage threshold GO This script uses Dynamic Management View sys.dm_os_wait_stats to collect the wait stats. It omits the system-related wait stats which are not useful to diagnose performance-related bottleneck. Additionally, not OPTION (RECOMPILE) at the end of the DMV will ensure that every time the query runs, it retrieves new data and not the cached data. This dynamic management view collects all the information since the time when the SQL Server services have been restarted. You can also manually clear the wait stats using the following command: DBCC SQLPERF('sys.dm_os_wait_stats', CLEAR); Once the wait stats are collected, we can start analysis them and try to see what is causing any particular wait stats to achieve higher percentages than the others. Many waits stats are related to one another. When the CPU pressure is high, all the CPU-related wait stats show up on top. But when that is fixed, all the wait stats related to the CPU start showing reasonable percentages. It is difficult to have a sure solution, but there are good indications and good suggestions on how to solve this. I will keep this blog post updated as I will post more details about wait stats and how I reduce them. The reference to Book On Line is over here. Of course, I have selected February to run this Wait Stats series. I am already cheating by having the smallest month to run this series. :) Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: DMV, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• RPi and Java Embedded GPIO: Sensor Reading using Java Code

  - by hinkmond

  And, now to program the Java code for reading the fancy-schmancy static electricity sensor connected to your Raspberry Pi, here is the source code we'll use: First, we need to initialize ourselves... /* * Java Embedded Raspberry Pi GPIO Input app */ package jerpigpioinput; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Calendar; /** * * @author hinkmond */ public class JerpiGPIOInput { static final String GPIO_IN = "in"; // Add which GPIO ports to read here static String[] GpioChannels = { "7" }; /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String[] args) { try { /*** Init GPIO port(s) for input ***/ // Open file handles to GPIO port unexport and export controls FileWriter unexportFile = new FileWriter("/sys/class/gpio/unexport"); FileWriter exportFile = new FileWriter("/sys/class/gpio/export"); for (String gpioChannel : GpioChannels) { System.out.println(gpioChannel); // Reset the port unexportFile.write(gpioChannel); unexportFile.flush(); // Set the port for use exportFile.write(gpioChannel); exportFile.flush(); // Open file handle to input/output direction control of port FileWriter directionFile = new FileWriter("/sys/class/gpio/gpio" + gpioChannel + "/direction"); // Set port for input directionFile.write(GPIO_IN); directionFile.flush(); } And, next we will open up a RandomAccessFile pointer to the GPIO port. /*** Read data from each GPIO port ***/ RandomAccessFile[] raf = new RandomAccessFile[GpioChannels.length]; int sleepPeriod = 10; final int MAXBUF = 256; byte[] inBytes = new byte[MAXBUF]; String inLine; int zeroCounter = 0; // Get current timestamp with Calendar() Calendar cal; DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"); String dateStr; // Open RandomAccessFile handle to each GPIO port for (int channum=0; channum Then, loop forever to read in the values to the console. // Loop forever while (true) { // Get current timestamp for latest event cal = Calendar.getInstance(); dateStr = dateFormat.format(cal.getTime()); // Use RandomAccessFile handle to read in GPIO port value for (int channum=0; channum Rinse, lather, and repeat... Compile this Java code on your host PC or Mac with javac from the JDK. Copy over the JAR or class file to your Raspberry Pi, "sudo -i" to become root, then start up this Java app in a shell on your RPi. That's it! You should see a "1" value get logged each time you bring a statically charged item (like a balloon you rub on the cat) near the antenna of the sensor. There you go. You've just seen how Java Embedded technology on the Raspberry Pi is an easy way to access sensors. Hinkmond

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