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• Windows 7 Complete PC Backup - Fails with error code: 0x80070002

  - by leeand00

  While doing a Complete PC Backup in Windows 7 I received dialog reading: Windows Backup...error The backup did not complete successfully. Open the Backup and Restore Control Panel to view settings From there I clicked the Options button. Windows Backup: Troubleshooting Options Check your backup Windows Backup encountered invalid MediaID.bin file on the drive where the backup is saved. Restore from a different backup or delete the MediaID.bin file and try to create another backup. The MediaID.bin file can be found under \MediaID.Bin & \\MediaId.Bin. I deleted the file in question (MediaID.bin) from X:\ (one of the drives being backedup( and tried the backup again. Next I was presented with a dialog that read: Windows Backups: Troubleshooting Options Check your backup The system connot find the file specified. Try to run backup again Change backup settings Backup Time: 2/10/2010 12:17 PM Backup location: FreeAgent Drive (E:) Error code: 0x80070002 Additionally I checked the error log and I found this: <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event"> <System> <Provider Name="Windows Backup" /> <EventID Qualifiers="0">4104</EventID> <Level>2</Level> <Task>0</Task> <Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords> <TimeCreated SystemTime="2010-02-10T17:17:48.000000000Z" /> <EventRecordID>5107</EventRecordID> <Channel>Application</Channel> <Computer>leeand00-PC</Computer> <Security /> </System> - <EventData> <Data>The system cannot find the file specified. (0x80070002)</Data> <Binary>02000780E30500003F0900005B090000420ED1665C2BEE174B64529CB14610EA71000000</Binary> </EventData> </Event> Viewed the following document: http://blogs.technet.com/filecab/archive/2008/03/12/common-causes-and-solutions-to-backup-system-restore-and-complete-pc-backup-problems-updated.aspx searched for 0x80070002 and tried and follow the directions... I noticed that none of the profiles was missing a ProfileImagePath, I also noticed that the people commenting on the page said that they weren't missing it either. I'm currently trying the backup again, but this time I unchecked all of the user's profiles and opted only to backup the two drives X: and C: on to E:\ I'll let you know what happens. Any ideas?

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• Accidentally Removed Permissions for the XP SP3 Registry key HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT! Workaround Please!

  - by Praveen Kumar

  This is Praveen and I am using Microsoft Windows XP SP3 Build 2600. I had problems with using Microsoft Office 2010. It was keeping on saying, "Please wait while windows configures Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2010". After seeing this link: http://social.answers.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/outlookcontact/thread/6e9c3f2e-010a-4b74-b433-0c41548ee468?prof=required I thought of giving the Registry Key: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, full access permissions for Everyone. I went to the registry, right-clicked on HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT and clicked on Permissions. I added Everyone and gave Full Control to the ACL and clicked on Apply. Also I checked "Replace permission entries on all child objects with entries shown here that apply to child objects." After a long time, it said with an error, cannot replace for few entries. Now, the key, HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT has no access to any user. My system is not starting up. Some of my friends asked me to try the Last Known Good Configuration. Even that did not work out. When I tried to open in the Safe Mode, I got only one driver to load and even that didn't load well. Another friend suggested me to put the Setup disk and reinstall the OS. I tried that and after completing the "Installing Device Drivers" part, when it started "Installing Network", the system is getting restarted. Now, the setup is also half way through and even if I open in Safe Mode to try System Restore, it popped up a message saying, "Setup cannot run under Safe Mode. Setup will restart now." and the system is restarting. All my official files and my software, which I developed for Registry Security, resides in my system now. I am unable to access the system and I want it to be working to submit the project, as the deadline is this week. I had no better solutions from elsewhere. Can anyone please help me out with this issue. If it is possible to open the registry editor's stored file from another system and restore the access permissions, I hope it would solve the problem. Please do help me. Thanking You, Praveen.

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• Pros/Cons of switching from Exchange to GMail

  - by Brent

  We are a medium-large non-profit company, with around 1000 staff and volunteers, and have been using MS Exchange (currently 2003) for our mail system for years. I recently attended a Google conference where they were positing that "Cloud computing is the way of the future", and encouraging us to switch from doing our own email with Exchange, to using GMail and Google Apps for everything. Additionally, one of our departments has been pushing from inside to do this transition within their own department, if not throughout the entire organization. I can definitely see some benefits - such as: Archive space - we never seem to have the space our users want, and of course, the more we get, the more we have to back up OS Agnostic - Exchange is definitely built for windows, and with mac and linux users on the rise, these users increasingly demand better tools / support. Google offers this. Better archiving - potential of e-discovery, that doesn't exist in a practical way with our current setup. Switching would relieve us of a fair bit of server administration, give more options to our end users, and free up the server resources we are now using for Exchange. Our IT department wants to be perceived as providing up-to-date solutions to technical problems, and this change would definitely provide such an image. Google's infrastructure is obviously much more robust than ours, and they employ some of the world's best security and network experts. However, there are also some serious drawbacks: We would be essentially outsourcing one of our mission-critical systems to a 3rd party The switch would inevitably involve Google Apps and perhaps more as well. That means we would have a-lot more at the mercy of a single (potentially weak) password. (is there a way to make this more secure using a password plus physical key of some sort??) Our data would not remain under our roof - or even in our country (Canada). This obviously has plusses on the Disaster Recovery side, but I think there are potential negatives on the legal side. I can't imagine that somebody as large as Google would be as responsive as we would want with regard to non-critical issues such as tracing missing emails, etc. (not sure how much access we would have to basic mail logs - for instance) Can anyone help me evaluate this decision? What issues am I overlooking? What experiences have you had with this transition (or the opposite - gmail to Exchange) Can you add to the points I have already outlined?

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• Why is Excel 2010/2013 taking 10 seconds open any file?

  - by jbkly

  I have a fast Windows 7 PC with two SSDs and 16GB of RAM, so I'm used to programs loading very fast. But recently, for no reason I can figure out, Excel has started taking way too long to open Excel files (of any size--even blank files). This is occurring with Excel 2010 and with Excel 2013 after I upgraded, hoping to solve the problem. Here a couple scenarios: If I start Excel directly, it opens almost instantly. No problem there. If I start Excel directly, and then open any Excel file (.xls or .xlsx), it loads almost instantly. Still no problem BUT if I attempt to open any Excel file directly, with Excel not running, it consistently takes 10-11 seconds for Excel to start. I get no error messages, just a spinning cursor for 10-11 seconds, and then the file opens. During the delay while Excel is trying to start, I'm not really seeing any discernible spike in CPU or memory usage, other than explorer.exe. This problem is only occurring with Excel, not Word or any other program I'm aware of. I've searched around quite a bit on this question and found various others who have experienced it, but the solutions that worked for them are not working for me. For a few people it was a problem with scanning network drives, but my problem is purely with local files; I have no network drives, and the problem persists even with all network connections disabled. Some people suggested worksheets with corrupted formulas or links, but I'm experiencing this with ANY Excel file: even blank worksheets. Others thought it was a problem with add-ins, but I have all Excel add-ins disabled (as far as I can tell). One person solved it by disabling a "clipboard manager" process that was running in the background, but I don't have that. I've disabled as many startup and background processes as I can, but the problem persists. I've run malware scans, disk cleanup, CCleaner, and installed Excel 2013. I've deleted temporary files, enabled SuperFetch, and edited registry keys. Still can't get rid of the problem. Any ideas? My system details: Windows 7 Professional SP1 64-bit, Excel 2013 32-bit, 16GB RAM, all programs installed on SSD.

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• Windows Question: RunOnce/Second Boot Issues

  - by Greg

  I am attempting to create a Windows XP SP3 image that will run my application on Second Boot. Here is the intended workflow. 1) Run Image Prep Utility (I wrote) on windows to add my runonce entries and clean a few things up. 2) Reboot to ghost, make image file. 3) Package into my ISO and distribute. 4) System will be imaged by user. 5) On first boot, I have about 5 things that run, one of which includes a driver updater (I wrote) for my own specific devices. 6) One of the entries inside of HKCU/../runonce is a reg file, which adds another key to HKLM/../runonce. This is how second boot is acquired. 7) As a result of the driver updater, user is prompted to reboot. 8) My application is then launched from HKLM/../runonce on second boot. This workflow works perfectly, except for a select few legacy systems that contain devices that cause the add hardware wizard to pop up. When the add hardware wizard pops up is when I begin to see problems. It's important to note, that if I manually inspect the registry after the add hardware wizard pops up, it appears as I would expect, with all the first boot scripts having run, and it's sitting in a state I would correctly expect it to be in for a second boot scenario. The problem comes when I click next on the add hardware wizard, it seems to re-run the single entry I've added, and re-executes the runonce scripts. (only one script now as it's already executed and cleared out the initial entries). This causes my application to open as if it were a second boot, only when next is clicked on the add hardware wizard. If I click cancel, and reboot, then it also works as expected. I don't care as much about other solutions, because I could design a system that doesn't fully rely on Microsoft's registry. I simply can't find any information as to WHY this is happening. I believe this is some type of Microsoft issue that's presenting itself as a result of an overstretched image that's expected to support too many legacy platforms, but any help that can be provided would be appreciated. Thanks,

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• Windows 7 + Deep Freeze - I'm stuck in an endless reboot loop

  - by myermian

  I have the following setup: Windows 7 Ultimate Deep Freeze I "thawed" my machine last night and performed a Windows Update. The update is having issues (it gets stuck at 32%, fails, and restarts my machine). When it reboots it attempts it again, and again, and again, etc. (Endless loop). I looked online and found some solutions, but none of them seem to be working: When I run Safe Mode, Safe Mode w/ Network, or Safe Mode w/ Command Prompt it attempts to revert the Windows Update changes. However, the problem is with Deep Freeze on (and now in "Frozen" mode) the reverted changes don't stay, and I'm back into the loop of death. Oh, and side note: "Safe Mode w/ Command Prompt" does not actually take me to a command prompt window? Perhaps because it is attempting to complete the Windows Update changes first? I have tried to select the option to NOT restart when an windows error occurs, but it still does. I tried the remainder of all the other options in the F8 screen. The only other option left is to find my Windows 7 Media Disc (I can't find it right now) and use it to repair windows (because for some reason the repair option does not show up in the F8 screen). Is there a way to disable Deep Freeze from loading? When I selected "Safe Mode w/ Command Prompt" I noticed that it loads the DpFrz.sys file. I know that when I'm in the Windows Boot Manager if I press F10 instead of F8 (while highlighting Windows 7) it takes me to an "Edit Boot Options" screen: Edit Windows boot options for: Windows 7 Path: \Windows\system32\winload.exe Partition: 2 Hard Disk: 8e90e329 [ /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN (I CAN EDIT THIS LINE) ] Update: I found my Windows 7 Media Disk and it did not help out. The laptop had the "System Restore" as a partition on the HDD. I later received (in the mail) a Windows 7 Upgrade Disc from Sony to upgrade my system from Windows Vista to Windows 7 Ultimate. I placed the disc into the DVD drive and it does not come up as a "bootable" disc. I'm going to try to find an alternative disc to see if I can get into Command Prompt. Update 2: I got a Windows Repair disc and got into a command prompt window. I got into the registry and disabled Deep Freeze. Also: I renamed the Pending.xml file to Pending.old I cleared out the Windows Temp directory I still am stuck in the loop (though, it isn't an issue with DeepFreeze anymore because I can make changes to the hard drive and they persist). Not sure what to do at this point? Update 3: I ran the repair option and it couldn't repair, but it did point me to something. It says the error was due to a driver that was failing. I have a feeling it is my UPEK Fingerprint scanner.

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• Old operational master still thinks it is the "one"

  - by Doug

  Hi there, I have a domain with 3 AD servers for now i'll just call them: AD01 (Win 2008 GC, Operations master) AD02 (Win 2008 GC) AD03 (Win 2003 GC) A couple of months there was some hardware issues with AD01 so the operations master, PDC and Infrastructure Master was moved to AD02. All machines where on while this was happening. AD01 (Win 2008 GC) AD02 (Win 2008 GC, Operations master) AD03 (Win 2003 GC) AD01 was then shutdown for a month. Upon starting this machine up with replaced hardware (NIC and RAID card) i now have a weird problem. AD01 Thinks it is operations master still in AD on the local box AD02 & AD03 Thinks AD02 is operations master in AD on both boxes When running DCDIAG on AD01 i get a number of issues (listed below) When running "dcdiag /test:advertising" on AD01: Doing primary tests Testing server: Default-First-Site-Name\AD01 Starting test: Advertising Warning: DsGetDcName returned information for \\ad02.domain.local, when we were trying to reach AD01. SERVER IS NOT RESPONDING or IS NOT CONSIDERED SUITABLE. ......................... AD01 failed test Advertising Running partition tests on : ForestDnsZones Running partition tests on : DomainDnsZones Running partition tests on : Schema Running partition tests on : Configuration Running partition tests on : domain Running enterprise tests on : domain.local When running "dcdiag" on AD01 i get the following errors (excerpt of the Final output): Testing server: Default-First-Site-Name\AD01 Starting test: Advertising Warning: DsGetDcName returned information for \\ad02.domain.local, when we were trying to reach AD01. SERVER IS NOT RESPONDING or IS NOT CONSIDERED SUITABLE. ......................... AD01 failed test Advertising Starting test: FrsEvent There are warning or error events within the last 24 hours after the SYSVOL has been shared. Failing SYSVOL replication problems may cause Group Policy problems. Starting test: NCSecDesc Error NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS doesn't have Replicating Directory Changes In Filtered Set access rights for the naming context: DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=domain,DC=local Error NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS doesn't have Replicating Directory Changes In Filtered Set access rights for the naming context: DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=domain,DC=local Starting test: Replications [Replications Check,Replications Check] Inbound replication is disabled. To correct, run "repadmin /options AD01 -DISABLE_INBOUND_REPL" [Replications Check,AD01] Outbound replication is disabled. To correct, run "repadmin /options AD01 -DISABLE_OUTBOUND_REPL" So the problem appeasr to be that when i moved the operations master, AD01 never got the memo, and now that it's started up, all the other AD servers don't think its the boss anymore when it trys to replicate etc. So i really need to manually update AD01 so that it knows who the operations master, instrastructure and PDC is - but i'm not having any luck I've been googling for nearly a day and all solutions lead to "the cake is a lie" Your ninja skills will be greatly appreciated

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• Bidirectional real-time sync of large file tree between two distant linux servers

  - by dlo

  By large file tree I mean about 200k files, and growing all the time. A relatively small number of files are being changed in any given hour though. By bidirectional I mean that changes may occur on either server and need to be pushed to the other, so rsync doesn't seem appropriate. By distant I mean that the servers are both in data centers, but geographically remote from each other. Currently there are only 2 servers, but that may expand over time. By real-time, it's ok for there to be a little latency between syncing, but running a cron every 1-2 minutes doesn't seem right, since a very small fraction of files may change in any given hour, let alone minute. EDIT: This is running on VPS's so I might be limited on the kinds of kernel-level stuff I can do. Also, the VPS's are not resource-rich, so I'd shy away from solutions that require lots of ram (like Gluster?). What's the best / most "accepted" approach to get this done? This seems like it would be a common need, but I haven't been able to find a generally accepted approach yet, which was surprising. (I'm seeking the safety of the masses. :) I've come across lsyncd to trigger a sync at the filesystem change level. That seems clever though not super common, and I'm a bit confused by the various lsyncd approaches. There's just using lsyncd with rsync, but it seems this could be fragile for bidirectionality since rsync doesn't have a notion of memory (eg- to know whether a deleted file on A should be deleted on B or whether it's a new file on B that should be copied to A). lipsync appears to be just a lsyncd+rsync implementation, right? Then there's using lsyncd with csync2, like this: http://www.axivo.com/community/threads/lightning-fast-synchronization-with-csync2-and-lsyncd.121/ ... I'm leaning towards this approach, but csync2 is a little quirky, though I did do a successful test of it. I'm mostly concerned that I haven't been able to find a lot of community confirmation of this method. People on here seem to like Unison a lot, but it seems that it is no longer under active development and it's not clear that it has an automatic trigger like lsyncd. I've seen Gluster mentioned, but maybe overkill for what I need? UPDATE: fyi- I ended up going with the original solution I mentioned: lsyncd+csync2. It seems to work quite well, and I like the architectural approach of having the servers be very loosely joined, so that each server can operate indefinitely on its own regardless of the link quality between them.

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• Windows Server 2003 IPSec Tunnel Connected, But Not Working (Possibly NAT/RRAS Related)

  - by Kevinoid

  Configuration I have setup a "raw" IPSec tunnel between a Windows Server 2003 (SBS) machine and a Netgear FVG318 according to the instructions in Microsoft KB816514. The configuration is as follows (using the same conventions as the article): NetA | SBS2003 | FVG318 | NetB 10.0.0.0/24 | 216.x.x.x | 69.y.y.y | 10.0.254.0/24 Both the Main Mode and Quick Mode Security Associations are successfully completed and appear in the IP Security Monitor. I am also able to ping the SBS2003 server on its private address from any computer on NetB. The Problem Any traffic sent from a computer on NetA to NetB, or from SBS2003 to NetB (excluding ICMP Ping responses), is sent out on the public network interface outside the IPSec tunnel (no encryption or header authentication, as if the tunnel were not there). Pings sent from a computer on NetB to a computer on NetA successfully reach computers on NetA, but the responses are silently discarded by SBS2003 (they do not go out in the clear and do not generate any encrypted traffic). Possible Solutions Incorrect Configuration I could have mistyped something, somewhere, or KB816514 could be incorrect in some way. I have tried very hard to eliminate the first option. Have re-created the configuration several times, tried tweaking and adjusting all the settings I could without success (most prevent the SA from being established). NAT/RRAS I have seen multiple posts elsewhere suggesting that this could be due to interaction between NAT and the IPSec filters. Possibly the NetA private addresses get rewritten to 216.x.x.x before being compared with the Quick Mode IPSec filters and don't get tunneled because of the mismatch. In fact, The Cable Guy article from June 2005 "TCP/IP Packet Processing Paths" suggests that this is the case, (see step 2 and 4 of the Transit Traffic path). If this is the case, is there a way to exclude NetA-NetB traffic from NAT? Any thoughts, ideas, suggestions, and/or comments are appreciated. Update (2011-06-26) After failing to solve the problem, I resorted to paid Microsoft support. They were unable to solve the problem. Since then I have implemented a solution based on Linux that is working quite well. I will attempt to evaluate any proposed answers as best I can, but current configurations and time constraints will make this slow...

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• Communication software wanted: email, sms, IM, phone calls [closed]

  - by user63835

  I am searching for a software solution that integrates / unifies my communication. I use email, instant messaging, SMS and phone. I would like to get all emails, SMS, instant messaging dialogs and meta-data about phone calls into one application. Important is that I can access all past communication with one application. There should be a global address-book to map the communication data to persons or organizations. I want all the communication data in one place to access and backup it easily. The software solution is not required to be multi-user application or server application. It is just for one user (me) only, but server or multi-user applications are not excluded. I may run it on a server hardware. It should run on Linux (Lubuntu / Ubuntu prefered). Free and OpenSource software is prefered. It would be nice if I could perform new communication (like writing a new email, sms, etc.) with one application, but that is not a must have requirement. I could also work with different applications dedicated for different types of communication like IM-application for IM and email-application for email, if all that communication data from the specialized applications will be delivered to one single place where I can access and backup it. I have an android phone and currently I am using Google contacts as the address-book. In the long term this may change, to get back the control over my data. I did some Internet search but did not find a nice solution, yet. If I am looking for unified messaging and unified communication, am I on the right track? The current Thunderbird version has IM functionality integrated. Did not try it, yet. For SMS it may be possible to use an app to send every SMS (incoming and outgoing) as an email, but I am not sure if those SMS-emails can be mapped to an address-book contact. I don't remember exactly, but isn't there a Google android app (I think Google voice) integrating SMS into google services? But in Germany this function has not been released, yet. Maybe a groupware solution would solve the requirements, but I don't have much experience with it. As communication possibilites are groing, I am woundering that there seems to be such a big gap of solutions. I can't believe I am the only one who would like solution, better integrating all the communication channels more easily. If you know a software solution that solves these requirements (partly) I would be glad if you tell me about it. Thanks in advance.

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• How to set 2 conditions / criterias for VLOOKUP / LOOKUP / etc in OpenOffice Calc (or Excel)

  - by MestreLion

  I have this spreadsheet that started as a silly aid for a game (Mafia Wars 2), but grew into a tricky spreadsheet question. In the game your character have 9 "slots" for weapons and armors, 1 for each "type": Light Weapon, Heavy Weapon, Body Armor, Head Armor, etc. So I made a list of all weapons and armors available in the game, 1 item per row. Example: SHOP ITEM TYPE ITEM NAME ATK DEF PRICE EQUIPPED? Marketplace Weapon Light Konrad Knife 16 5 5.500 Marketplace Weapon Light Ice Queen 19 6 8.200 Marketplace Armor Body Up Layered Polym 0 31 8.600 Marketplace Armor Body Up Full Shield 7 42 17.650 Marketplace Weapon Heavy Konrad Bullpup 53 25 24.500 Marketplace Weapon Heavy Full Moon Blow 73 12 24.500 x Marketplace Armor Body Low Knee Pads 17 26 14.200 x Marketplace Armor Body Low Army Boots 15 55 24.500 Bone Yard Weapon Light Bone Launcher 41 2 9.400 x Neon Strip Vehicle Ground Supercharged 41 34 24.500 Dead End Weapon Heavy Sharp Sickle 21 5 24.500 Dead End Armor Body Low Unholy Boots 5 36 15.000 Dead End Armor Head Hockey Mask 5 18 15.900 x Last columns is an indication of the items i have already bought and equipped (marked with "x"). What I need is a formula that, for each "slot" (item type), returns info related to the item of that kind that I am using. That would be: ITEM TYPE SHOP NAME ITEM NAME ATK DEF PRICE Weapon Light Bone Yard Bone Launcher 41 2 9.400 Weapon Heavy Marketplace Full Moon Blow 73 12 24.500 Weapon Special -- -- -- -- -- Armor Body Up -- -- -- -- -- Armor Body Low Marketplace Knee Pads 17 26 14.200 Armor Head Dead End Hockey Mask 5 18 15.900 Vehicle Ground -- -- -- -- -- Vehicle Water -- -- -- -- -- Vehicle Air -- -- -- -- -- The item types are fixed, so they can be hard coded. Each row for an item type. So, for 1st result line, it would return data from the row where both 2nd column is "Weapon Light" and last column is "x". Basically I need a LOOKUP (or VLOOKUP, or anything else) that uses 2 criteria to find a given row, the item type and the X marker. Question is: HOW? I am using OpenOffice Calc 3.2.1, but since it shares so many functions with MS Excel, answers for Excel are also fine (as long as it only uses regular formulas, no VBScript or Macros or VBA etc) Last but not least, suggestions / solutions for rearranging the data so it makes this problem easier to solve are also welcome. Thanks!

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• DPM 2010 "Disk failed or disk not found"

  - by SysAdmin

  I have an HP Proliant ML110 G5 server with Windows server 2008R2 only dedicated for DPM 2010. This server has a limit in HD of 8TB which has already been met. I'm now stuck in this situation where my disk keeps failing "Disk failed or Disk not found" in the disk management. Only after I reboot the system the disk comes back up. Today I was running my monthly tape backup on a certain protection group and the disk failed again while the tape job was running (so the job wasn't completed). This is the description of the error in the alerts: "The disk Disk 1 - Hitachi HDS722020ALA330 SCSI Disk Device cannot be detected or has stopped responding. All subsequent protection activities that use this disk will fail until the disk is brought back online. (ID 3120)". My backup system is becoming useless! I don't think that is a hardware issue (please correct me if I'm wrong) since the HD works fine for a certain period of time which is becoming shorter and shorter. I basically have no more option to fix this problem. I tried to fix any error that was coming up in the event viewer with no luck (included one regarding the SQL2008 compatibility issue). The disk keeps failing! Now I'm only trying to recover/migrate the data from the disk that is having problem but my issue now is that I cannot add any drives to my server since I already got installed the maximum storage capacity 8TB. I thought about 2 simple options. Please tell me what you guys think about it; Unplug one of the 2 storage pool disks (disk0, that one without problem) from the machine and install a new one in order to migrate the data with the Migration tool for DPM. Remove the defective disk (disk1), put back the disk0 and run the synchronization/consistency check on all the groups to recreate replicas and recovery points. Run diskpart.exe and clean up the disk (loosing all data) and hoping that he will work after I sync all the protection groups. Both solutions are not elegant but I have no better options at the moment. Please I need some help. Thanks for your time Angelo

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• Windows Server 2008 - one MAC Address, assign multiple external IP's to VirtualBoxes running as guests on host

  - by Sise

  Couldn't find any help @ google or here. The scenario: Windows Server 2008 Std x64 on i7-975, 12 GB RAM. The server is running in a data centre. One hardware NIC - RealTek PCIe GBE - one MAC Address. The data centre provides us 4 static external IP's. The first is assigned to the host by default of course. I have ordered all 4 IP's, the data centre can assign the available IP's to the physical MAC address of the given NIC only. This means one NIC, one MAC Address, 4 IP's. Everything works fine so far. Now, what I would like to have: Installed VirtualBox with 1-3 guests running, each gets it's own external IP assigned. Each of it should be an standalone Win Server 2008. It looks like the easiest way would be to put the guests into an virtual subnet and routing all data coming to the 2nd till 4th external IP through to this guests using there subnet IP's. I have been through the VirtualBox User Manuel regarding networking. What's not working: I can't use bridged networking without anything else, because the IP's are assigned to the one MAC address only. I can't use NAT networking because it does not allow access from outside or the host to the guest. I do not wanna use port forwarding. Host-only networking itself would not allow internet access, by sharing the default internet connection of the host, internet is granted from the guest to the outside but not from outside or the host to the guest. InternalNetworking is not really an option here. What I have tried is to create an additional MS Loopback adapter for a routed subnet, where the Vbox guests are in, now the idea was to NAT the internet connection to the loopback 'subnet'. But I can't ping the gateway from the guests. By using route command in the command shell or RRAS (static route, NAT) I didn't get there as well. Solutions like the following do work for the one way, but not for the way back: For your situation, it might be best to use the Host-Only adapter for ICS. Go to the preferences of VB itself and select network. There you can change the configuration for the interface. Set the IP address to 192.168.0.1, netmask 255.255.255.0. Disable the DHCP server if it isn't already and that's it. Now the Guest should get an IP from Windows itself and be able to get onto the internet, while you can also access the Host. Slowly I'm pretty stucked with this topic. There is a possibility I've just overlooked something or just didn't getting it by trying, especially using RRAS, but it's kinda hard to find useful howto's or something in the web. Thanks in advance! Best regards, Simon

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• apache mod_cache in v2.2 - enable cache based on url

  - by Janning

  We are using apache2.2 as a front-end server with application servers as reverse proxies behind apache. We are using mod_cache for some images and enabled it like this: <IfModule mod_disk_cache.c> CacheEnable disk / CacheRoot /var/cache/apache2/mod_disk_cache CacheIgnoreCacheControl On CacheMaxFileSize 2500000 CacheIgnoreURLSessionIdentifiers jsessionid CacheIgnoreHeaders Set-Cookie </IfModule> The image urls vary completely and have no common start pattern, but they all end in ".png". Thats why we used the root in CacheEnable / If not served from the cache, the request is forwarded to an application server via reverse proxy. So far so good, cache is working fine. But I really only need to cache all image request ending in ".png". My above configuration still works as my application server send an appropriate Cache-Control: no-cache header on the way back to apache. So most pages send a no-cache header back and they get not cached at all. My ".png" responses doesn't send a Cache-Control header so apache is only going to cache all urls with ".png". Fine. But when a new request enters apache, apache does not know that only .png requests should be considered, so every request is checking a file on disk (recorded with strace -e trace=file -p pid): [pid 19063] open("/var/cache/apache2/mod_disk_cache/zK/q8/Kd/g6OIv@woJRC_ba_A.header", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) I don't want to have apache going to disk every request, as the majority of requests are not cached at all. And we have up to 10.000 request/s at peak time. Sometimes our read IO wait spikes. It is not getting really slow, but we try to tweak it for better performance. In apache 2.4 you can say: <LocationMatch .png$> CacheEnable disk </LocationMatch> This is not possible in 2.2 and as I see no backports for debian I am not going to upgrade. So I tried to tweak apache2.2 to follow my rules: <IfModule mod_disk_cache.c> SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.png$" image RequestHeader unset Cache-Control RequestHeader append Cache-Control no-cache env=!image CacheEnable disk / CacheRoot /var/cache/apache2/mod_disk_cache #CacheIgnoreCacheControl on CacheMaxFileSize 2500000 CacheIgnoreURLSessionIdentifiers jsessionid CacheIgnoreHeaders Set-Cookie </IfModule> The idea is to let apache decide to serve request from cache based on Cache-control header (CacheIgnoreCacheControl default to off). And before simply set a RequestHeader based on the request. If it is not an image request, set a Cache-control header, so it should bypass the cache at all. This does not work, I guess because of late processing of RequestHeader directive, see https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_headers.html#early I can't add early processing as "early" keyword can't be used together with a conditional "env=!image" I can't change the url requesting the images and I know there are of course other solutions. But I am only interested in configuring apache2.2 to reach my goal. Does anybody has an idea how to achieve my goal?

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• Splitting an internet connection between multiple separate subnetworks

  - by pythonian4000

  Problem I have an internet connection that I want to split between four separate networks. My requirements are: I need to be able to monitor the amount of bandwidth and data being used by each network, and notify or control as necessary. The four networks should only be able to connect to the internet, not each other. My parents need to be able to operate it, so it needs a simple, preferably Windows-based GUI. Progress so far Server I have a mini-ITX server with six Gigabit ethernet ports - one for the ethernet internet connection, one for each of the four networks, and one for remote access to the server for administration. Bandwidth control I spent a long time researching solutions here. The majority of the control systems/software I found could control bandwidth usage via QOS, but could not monitor or control the amount of data being used. Eventually I found the SoftPerfect Bandwidth Manager, which has everything I need in terms of monitoring and control - per-interface quota management, usage statistics, a web interface for checking usage, and email notifications when quotas are exceeded. It is also Windows-based and has a simple GUI. Internet sharing This is where I am having issues. I am currently using Windows XP Pro SP2 for the server (yes, I know this is far from ideal, but it's the only spare Windows OS I currently have). I can't use the built-in Internet Connection Sharing for several reasons: The upstream internet router has an IP of 192.168.0.1 which ICS clashes with, and I cannot change the router settings. ICS can only share an internet connection with a single interface, but I have four. I have tried bridging the four network cards, but then the Bandwidth Manager cannot see the four individual interfaces - it only sees the bridge. I have tried setting up Dual DHCP DNS server (and am having issues getting DHCP offers to be received by clients), but that would still require gateway software of some sort, which I have been unable to find. My current attempt is to use OpenVPN, with a server for the internet NIC and a separate client for each of the four networks. My thought is that I could bridge the OpenVPN TAP devices to each NIC, meaning that the Bandwidth Manager would control traffic from the bridge instead of the interface. I have not made much progress here though - I've never used OpenVPN before. Questions Is there a Windows software package that does everything I need? (Unlikely, I know) Is there a Windows software package that will share internet between multiple NICs without bridging? Are either of my about attempts feasible? Would it help to have a newer/server version of Windows? Is there a non-Windows alternative that is easy to use?

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• Autoloading Development or Production configs (best practices)

  - by Xeoncross

  When programming sites you usually have one set of config files for the development environment and another set for the production server (or one file with both settings). I am assuming all projects should be handled by version control like git or svn. Manual file transfers (like FTP) is wrong on so many levels. How you enable/disable the correct settings (so that your system knows which ones to use) is a problem for me. Each system I work on just kind of jimmy-rigs a solution. Below are the 3 methods I know of and I am hoping that someone can submit a more elegant solutions. 1) File Based The system loads a folder structure based on the URL requested. /site.com /site.fakeTLD /lib index.php For example, if the url is http://site.com then the system loads the production config files located in the site.com folder. However, if I'm working on the site locally I visit http://site.fakeTLD to work on the local copy of the site. To setup this I edit my hosts file and add site.fakeTLD to point to my own computer (127.0.0.1/localhost) and then create a vhost in apache. So now I can work on the codebase locally and then push to the server without any trouble. The problem is that this is susceptible to a "host" injection attack. So someone loading site.com could set the host to site.fakeTLD and then the system would load my development config files instead of production. 2) Config Based The config files contain on section for development - and one for production. The problem is that each time you go to push your changes to the repo you have to edit the file to specify which set of config options should be used. $use = 'production'; //'development'; This leaves the repo open to human error should one of the developers forget to enable the right setting. 3) File System Check Based All the development machines have an extra empty file called "development.txt" or something. Each time the system loads it checks for this file - if found then it knows it is in development mode - if missing then it knows it is in production mode. Since the file is NEVER ADDED to the repo then it will never be pushed (and checked out) on the production machine. However, this just doesn't feel right and causes a slight slow down since all filesystem checks are slow.

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• How can I centralise MySQL data between 3 or more geographically separate servers?

  - by Andy Castles

  To explain the background to the question: We have a home-grown PHP application (for running online language-learning courses) running on a Linux server and using MySQL on localhost for saving user data (e.g. results of tests taken, marks of submitted work, time spent on different pages in the courses, etc). As we have students from different geographic locations we currently have 3 virtual servers hosted close to those locations (Spain, UK and Hong Kong) and users are added to the server closest to them (they access via different URLs, e.g. europe.domain.com, uk.domain.com and asia.domain.com). This works but is an administrative nightmare as we have to remember which server a particular user is on, and users can only connect to one server. We would like to somehow centralise the information so that all users are visible on any of the servers and users could connect to any of the 3 servers. The question is, what method should we use to implement this. It must be an issue that that lots of people have encountered but I haven't found anything conclusive after a fair bit of Googling around. The closest I have seen to solutions are: something like master-master replication, but I have read so many posts suggesting that this is not a good idea as things like auto_increment fields can break. circular replication, this sounded perfect but to quote from O'Reilly's High Performance MySQL, "In general, rings are brittle and best avoided" We're not against rewriting code in the application to make it work with whatever solution is required but I am not sure if replication is the correct thing to use. Thanks, Andy P.S. I should add that we experimented with writes to a central database and then using reads from a local database but the response time between the different servers for writing was pretty bad and it's also important that written data is available immediately for reading so if replication is too slow this could cause out-of-date data to be returned. Edit: I have been thinking about writing my own rudimentary replication script which would involve something like having each user given a server ID to say which is his "home server", e.g. users in asia would be marked as having the Hong Kong server as their own server. Then the replication scripts (which would be a PHP script set to run as a cron job reasonably frequently, e.g. every 15 minutes or so) would run independently on each of the servers in the system. They would go through the database and distribute any information about users with the "home server" set to the server that the script is running on to all of the other databases in the system. They would also need to suck new information which has been added to any of the other databases on the system where the "home server" flag is the server where the script is running. I would need to work out the details and build in the logic to deal with conflicts but I think it would be possible, however I wanted to make sure that there is not a correct solution for this already out there as it seems like it must be a problem that many people have already come across.

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• Critique My Backup and Storage Plan

  - by MetaHyperBolic

  My current storage (RAID-1 off of a hardware RAID card) and backup (a spare drive) solutions for my home network are inadequate. I have too much data scattered on various one-off drives. It is time to evolve. Backups seem simple enough, at least: lots of big drives. However, I am bewildered by the number of choices for small home storage. The Drobo S looks appealing. So does the ReadyNAS. I am not looking for bunches of shiny features, I'm mostly interested in reliability. I am not interested in building Yet Another PC to create a file server or doing something in the cloud, or whatever. I'm stupid, so I am keeping it simple. Requirements for Main Volume: Starting working space roughly 2TB, with options for growth up to 5TB RAID or something RAID-like with at least one parity drive eSATA II for speed during backups Ability to shut down gracefully when alerted of low power by a UPS Optional but Desirable: Will take 2TB drives now with options for the larger 3TB drives coming in 2010-2011 Optional but Desirable: : RAID-6 or something similar, with two parity drives Optional but Desirable: : Hot spare Ethernet connection not required, as the volume will be shared via the same machines which runs my home print server Backups: Backup performed via ROBOCOPY in mirror mode to an external hard drive via a eSATA II connection. Start with rotating between two external 2TB hard drives, will go up to six external 2TB drives. Start with a weekly backup, move to a bi-weekly backup as more drives are added. Move to 3TB drives as the size of my main volume increases. Backup drives will be stored on an off-site location. Hard drives: I plan on buying all of the same model, but different batches from different vendors. I found a "burn-in" utility with which I can pound away on the drives for a couple of weeks before adding them to the backup pool or the main volume. I estimate that I am looking at roughly $1,500 to start, once I start throwing in two TB drives for backup and four for storage. So, are there any obvious flaws in my plan? What have I overlooked? Any suggestions for the storage device for my main volume that fits my requirements? Or do I just keep it simple, 2 drives in RAID-1, then perform due diligence with my backups, accepting that I will have to buy a whole new unit when my data grows past 2TB?

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• Tying down a cloud by virtualizing everything and then locking VMs to real hardware as necessary

  - by tudor

  I'm looking for a cloud software solution that: Can run on both server and desktop machines; Virtualizes hardware and has the option of exposing each real machine to the cloud; Allows a VM to be "locked" to a set of real hardware capabilities and stay there until moved (e.g. a user's "real" desktop); Allows a VM to link to some types of devices elsewhere (e.g. USB/serial via ethernet); and Is geography-aware to control movement of VMs between real networks. I'm aware that this may be the holy grail of virtualization, and I've searched alot. Some solutions appear to meet some criteria but not others. Most cloud implementations appear to ignore real hardware, for example. I realise that this may be solved by using three different implementations in combination: A standard cloud server farm. A bare-metal network backup utility with PXEBoot. VNC and/or VDI. (VNC obviously would require the real hardware to be running.) This combination, however, has some serious drawbacks that I'd like to solve by treating it as one system. My explanation follows... I have a network of real servers and desktops in multiple locations. I've virtualized servers before using Virtualbox and that's worked quite well. I've even connected USB devices to VMs on servers. I would like to virtualize the desktops in all my offices to facilitate movement of desktops, remote access (e.g. VDI) and bare-metal backups. However, I know that there are problems with this. For example, some desktops have specific hardware (e.g. 3D graphics cards, USB devices, etc) that limit their mobility. Geographic constraints also limit movement in that VMs can be moved easily within offices, but transferring between offices is not always preferable. What I would like to find is a system that can virtualize everything from bare-metal easily by maintaining an abstraction layer on each client and server machine that exposes the hardware available and runs as a cloud. Then certain VMs would be "locked" to specific hardware (so that, e.g. the VM runs only on their own desktop.) This would be required for situations where speed is important (e.g. 3D graphics pass-through). In addition, abstracted low-speed devices (e.g. USB) could be piped from real hardware to a VM in the cloud. This is important since if a VM is taken down, another VM can connect to the real hardware for minimum downtime.

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• Need Windows XP VGA driver for i3 Haswell

  - by AFH

  Background: I have recently upgraded my hardware because the previous Pentium system started failing to the point that it would not run long enough to boot. It was obviously a hardware fault, but I had no way of knowing whether it was in the motherboard, CPU or memory. Not all the components were now available, so I decided to replace all three. In order to get some benefit from the expenditure, I though I would put in faster components, and for future-proofing went for recently released ones: MSI Z87-G41-PCMate and Intel i3-4130 with 4400 HD graphics. The system performs excellently with Ubuntu 13.10, so I know there are no hardware problems, but I need to continue running XP because it runs several thousand pounds (UK) worth of software, which meets my needs more than adequately: in some cases there is no longer support for later Windows releases, and in most others an expensive and to me unnecessary upgrade is required. Problem: The motherboard specifications claim Windows XP support for the live driver update utility, which misled me into believing that XP drivers were available. Not true: Intel have apparently refused to provide XP drivers for Haswell chips. The update program runs on XP, but finds no suitable Intel drivers. The system is more or less running on the default fail-safe VGA driver, but DirectX will not load, which stops a number of my applications from running. I have been trawling the internet for a month now, but I have not found a graphics driver which will load successfully: all show "This device cannot start. (code 10)". I don't need HDMI support: my monitor is 1280x1024 and connected through the VGA port, so all I need is a driver which will handle this resolution well enough to support DirectX. Has anyone found a driver which will do this? Please don't reply with information found from internet searches, unless you have actually solved this problem: be assured that I have been all round the houses looking at solutions which others have reported as working, but none of them does for me. Incidentally, I did find an Intel HD sound driver which XP accepts (winxp_145111.exe from Intel), though without connecting to an HDMI port on a TV or sound system I have no idea if it works in practice. However, the graphics section of the same driver fails, like all the others I've tried.

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• Skyrim: Heavy Performance Issues after a couple of location changes

  - by Derija

  Okay, I've tried different solutions: ENB Series, removing certain mods, checking my FPS Rate, monitoring my resources, .ini tweaks. It's all just fine, I don't see what I'm missing. A couple of days ago, I bought Skyrim. Before I bought the game, I admit I had a pirated copy because my girlfriend actually wanted to buy me the game as a present, then said she didn't have enough money. Sick of waiting, I decided to buy the game by myself. The ridiculous part is, it worked better cracked than it does now uncracked. As the title suggests, after entering and leaving houses a couple of times, my performance obviously drops extremely. My build is just fine, Intel i5 quad core processor, NVIDIA GTX 560 Ti from Gigabyte, actually stock-OC, but manually downclocked to usual settings using appropriate Gigabyte software. This fixed the CTD issues I had before with both Skyrim and BF3. I have 4GB RAM. A website about Game Tweaks suggested that my HDD may be too slow. A screenshot of a Windows Performance Index sample with the subscription "This is likely to cause issues" showed the HDD with a performance index of 5.9, the exact same mine has, so I was playing with the thought to purchase an SSD instead, load games onto it that really need it like Skyrim, and hope it'd do the trick. Unfortunately, SSDs are likewise expensive, compared to "normal" HDDs... I'm really getting desperate about it. My save is gone because the patches made it impossible to load saves of the unpatched version and I already saved more than 80 times despite being only level 8, just because every time I interact with a door leading me to another location I'm scared the game will drop again. I can't even play for 30 mins straight anymore, it's just no fun at all. I've researched for a couple of days before I decided to post my question here. Any help is appreciated, I don't want to regret having bought the game... Since it actually is the best game I've played possibly for ever. Sincerely. P.S.: I don't think it's necessary to say, but still, of course I'm playing on PC. P.P.S.: After monitoring both my PC resources including CPU usage and HDD usage as well as the GPU usage, I don't see any changes even after the said event. P.P.P.S.: Original question posted here where I've been advised to ask here.

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• Email delivery management grievances

  - by joxl

  The question I have may be more of principle than anything else, but here's my dilemma. I manage an email system for a small company (about 20 email users). We own a plain-letter .com domain name through Network Solutions. Our email service is hosted by Google Apps. Recently (Feb. 2011) we've been having customers report that they aren't getting our emails. Upon further investigation it seems that the failed emails are all to a common (well known) domain. We have not received any bounce messages for the emails. We've also contacted a few of the intended recipients, who have reported that the messages are not in their spam box; they simply did not receive anything. In these cases we re-sent the same email to an alternate address on another domain, which was successful received. One customer contacted their email provider about the issue. The provider recommended that we submit a form to be white-listed by their domain. Here's where my problem begins. I feel like this is heading down a slippery slope. Doesn't this undermine the very principle of email? If this is the appropriate action to take in these situations where will it end? In theory (following this model) it could be argued that eventually one will first need to "whitelist" (or more appropriately termed "authenticate") themselves with an email host before actually sending any messages. More to this point, what keeps the "bad" spammers from doing the same thing...? We've just gone full circle. I know avoiding anti-spam measures is a big cat-and-mouse game, but I think this is the wrong way of "patching" the problem. Email standards say that messages should not just disappear silently. I have a problem supporting a model that says "you must do < this to make sure your emails aren't ignored". I have a notion to call the provider and voice my complaint, although I have a feeling it will probably fall on deaf ears. Am I missing something here? Is this an acceptable approach to email spam problems? What should I do?

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• Windows 7 The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible 0xc000000f

  - by piratejackus

  I have a problem with my Windows 7, hardware : Acer 3820TG Operating Systems : Windows 7 and Ubuntu 10.04 dual Case: When I try to boot my windows 7 I see an error: "Window failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause. To fix the problem: 1.Insert.... 2. .... ... status : 0xc000000f info : The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible .... " I can't exactly remember what were my last actions on Windows. I already searched this error and applied the proposed solutions, I created a repair USB (because I don't have a CD-ROM nor a Windows 7 CD) such as; -repair operating system :it says it cannot repair it -checking disk (chkdsk D: /f /r) : it checks the disk without a problem or error and it takes pretty long (more than a hour). But when I restart, still the same error. -I didn't create a restore point so I pass this option -I don't have a system image -I tried to run windows recovery (I have a recovery partition) but there are just two options: 1- Format the operating system but retain user data (copies the files under users to c\backup folder, but when I searched deeper I found that there are some people who already tried this option and couldn't find their user files under backup directory). Plus, I have unfortunately just one partition D (it is a fault I know) because I use always Ubuntu. So this is not applicable in my situation 2- Format entire system (Windows). I keep my valuable data in windows but not in user folder. I was reaching them from Windows. -I tried to repair windows boot by: bootrec /fixMBR bootrec /fixBoot bootrec /rebuildBCD I lost all grub menu, and reinstalled it. - ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1014708&page=29 nothing changed, same error. I created a thread in microsoft forums - http://social.answers.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/w7install/thread/69517faf-850a-45fd- 8195-6d4ed831f805 but I couldn't find a solution. Before I run chkdsk from usb repair disk I couldn't able to mount Windows (NTFS) partition from Ubuntu, I was getting "couldn't mount file system, error code 2". I tried to fix ntfs partition from ubuntu and got "segmentation fault". I also created a thread on ubuntuforums for this mount problem: - http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1606427 So, after chkdsk, I could enable to mount windows partition but all I see in this partition is chkdsk logs, no any other data. Now, I don't think I lost my data because I don't get any filesystem errors, just the boot section, but this log files under windows partition makes me afraid. I see that Microsoft developers don't have a solution yet for this error. If you need any information to get more idea I can give, maybe I miss some points or it could be complicated. Thanks in advance.

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• AWS EC2 instance not pingable or available in browser

  - by Slimmons

  I've seen this questions asked other places, but now I've run through every fix proposed in other questions so I'm re asking it here, in hopes that someone will have a different solution. Problem: I have a EC2 instance, and I can ssh into it and work on it, and I have a Elastic ip set to it. I am unable to ping this machine, or log in to it using my browser. Solutions mentioned and tried: service httpd start i. response I get is "unrecognized service" ii. when I run apache2ctl -k start, it shows "httpd already running", so I'm assuming httpd is not the problem, it's just possibly named something else because of apache2, or for whatever reason. I went into EC2-Security Group- Default (which is the one I used.)-inbound, and everything there is set up correctly (I'm assuming). There it shows 80(HTTP) 0.0.0.0/0. 443(HTTPS) 0.0.0.0/0, and various other servies with their ports and 0.0.0.0/0 next to them. I also enabled a rule for enabling ICMP Request All on 0.0.0.0/0 temporarily for testing purposes I've tried disabling the iptables with "service ufw stop" Just in case I'm doing something really stupid, because I'm not all that used to connecting to web servers that I've spun up, I'm typing in the address to the machine into the url like this (assuming my ip address was ip.address). i. http:/(slash)ip.address/ ii. ip.address iii. https:/(slash)ip.address/ iv. ip.address/webFolderName/ v. http:/(slash)ip.address/webFolderName/ None of the attempts worked, and the only thing I haven't tried that i've seen is to start wireshark on the machine, and see if the requests are reaching it, and it's just ignoring them. I'm not sure I want to do that yet, since A). I'm not 100% positive how to use wireshark without the gui, since it's the only way I've ever used it (I really should get used to it in terminal, but I didn't even know you could). B). It really seems like I'm missing something simple in getting this to work. Thanks in advance for any help.

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• Solution to route/proxy SNMP Traps (or Netflow, generic UDP, etc) for network monitoring?

  - by Christopher Cashell

  I'm implementing a network monitoring solution for a very large network (approximately 5000 network devices). We'd like to have all devices on our network send SNMP traps to a single box (technically this will probably be an HA pair of boxes) and then have that box pass the SNMP traps on to the real processing boxes. This will allow us to have multiple back-end boxes handling traps, and to distribute load among those back end boxes. One key feature that we need is the ability to forward the traps to a specific box depending on the source address of the trap. Any suggestions for the best way to handle this? Among the things we've considered are: Using snmptrapd to accept the traps, and have it pass them off to a custom written perl handler script to rewrite the trap and send it to the proper processing box Using some sort of load balancing software running on a Linux box to handle this (having some difficulty finding many load balancing programs that will handle UDP) Using a Load Balancing Appliance (F5, etc) Using IPTables on a Linux box to route the SNMP traps with NATing We've currently implemented and are testing the last solution, with a Linux box with IPTables configured to receive the traps, and then depending on the source address of the trap, rewrite it with a destination nat (DNAT) so the packet gets sent to the proper server. For example: # Range: 10.0.0.0/19 Site: abc01 Destination: foo01 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp --dport 162 -s 10.0.0.0/19 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.2.3 # Range: 10.0.33.0/21 Site: abc01 Destination: foo01 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp --dport 162 -s 10.0.33.0/21 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.2.3 # Range: 10.1.0.0/16 Site: xyz01 Destination: bar01 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp --dport 162 -s 10.1.0.0/16 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.3.2.1 This should work with excellent efficiency for basic trap routing, but it leaves us completely limited to what we can mach and filter on with IPTables, so we're concerned about flexibility for the future. Another feature that we'd really like, but isn't quite a "must have" is the ability to duplicate or mirror the UDP packets. Being able to take one incoming trap and route it to multiple destinations would be very useful. Has anyone tried any of the possible solutions above for SNMP traps (or Netflow, general UDP, etc) load balancing? Or can anyone think of any other alternatives to solve this?

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