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  • Subset and lagging list data structure R

    - by user1234440
    I have a list that is indexed like the following: >list.stuff [[1]] [[1]]$vector ... [[1]]$matrix .... [[1]]$vector [[2]] null [[3]] [[3]]$vector ... [[3]]$matrix .... [[3]]$vector . . . Each segment in the list is indexed according to another vector of indexes: >index.list 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 In list.stuff, only at each of the indexes 1,3,5,10,15 will there be 2 vectors and one matrix; everything else will be null like [[2]]. What I want to do is to lag like the lag.xts function so that whatever is stored in [[1]] will be pushed to [[3]] and the last one drops off. This also requires subsetting the list, if its possible. I was wondering if there exists some functions that handle list manipulation. My thinking is that for xts, a time series can be extracted based on an index you supply: xts.object[index,] #returns the rows 1,3,5,10,15 From here I can lag it with: lag.xts(xts.object[index,]) Any help would be appreciated thanks: EDIT: Here is a reproducible example: list.stuff<-list() vec<-c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) vec2<-c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) mat<-matrix(c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8),4,2) list.vec.mat<-list(vec=vec,mat=mat,vec2=vec2) ind<-c(2,4,6,8,10) for(i in ind){ list.stuff[[i]]<-list.vec.mat }

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  • What makes people think that NNs have more computational power than existing models?

    - by Bubba88
    I've read in Wikipedia that neural-network functions defined on a field of arbitrary real/rational numbers (along with algorithmic schemas, and the speculative `transrecursive' models) have more computational power than the computers we use today. Of course it was a page of russian wikipedia (ru.wikipedia.org) and that may be not properly proven, but that's not the only source of such.. rumors Now, the thing that I really do not understand is: How can a string-rewriting machine (NNs are exactly string-rewriting machines just as Turing machines are; only programming language is different) be more powerful than a universally capable U-machine? Yes, the descriptive instrument is really different, but the fact is that any function of such class can be (easily or not) turned to be a legal Turing-machine. Am I wrong? Do I miss something important? What is the cause of people saying that? I do know that the fenomenum of undecidability is widely accepted today (though not consistently proven according to what I've read), but I do not really see a smallest chance of NNs being able to solve that particular problem. Add-in: Not consistently proven according to what I've read - I meant that you might want to take a look at A. Zenkin's (russian mathematician) papers after mid-90-s where he persuasively postulates the wrongness of G. Cantor's concepts, including transfinite sets, uncountable sets, diagonalization method (method used in the proof of undecidability by Turing) and maybe others. Even Goedel's incompletness theorems were proven in right way in only 21-st century.. That's all just to plug Zenkin's work to the post cause I don't know how widespread that knowledge is in CS community so forgive me if that did look stupid. Thank you!

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  • Assign Multiple Custom User Roles to a Custom Post Type

    - by OUHSD Webmaster
    Okay here's the situation.... I'm working on a my business website. There will be a work/portfolio area. "Work" is a custom post type. "Designer" is a custom user role. "Client" is a custom user role. In creating a new "Work" post I would like to be able to select both a "designer" and "Client" to assign to the piece of work, as I would assign an author to a regular ol' post. I tried the method from this answer but it did not work for me. ) I placed it in my functions.php file. ` add_filter('wp_dropdown_users', 'test'); function test($output) { global $post; //Doing it only for the custom post type if($post->post_type == 'work') { $users = get_users(array('role'=>'designer')); //We're forming a new select with our values, you can add an option //with value 1, and text as 'admin' if you want the admin to be listed as well, //optionally you can use a simple string replace trick to insert your options, //if you don't want to override the defaults $output .= "<select id='post_author_override' name='post_author_override' class=''>"; foreach($users as $user) { $output .= "<option value='".$user->id."'>".$user->user_login."</option>"; } $output .= "</select>"; } return $output; } ` Any help would be extremely appreciated!

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  • PHP's openssl_sign generates different signature than SSCrypto's sign

    - by pascalj
    I'm writing an OS X client for a software that is written in PHP. This software uses a simple RPC interface to receive and execute commands. The RPC client has to sign the commands he sends to ensure that no MITM can modify any of them. However, as the server was not accepting the signatures I sent from my OS X client, I started investigating and found out that PHP's openssl_sign function generates a different signature for a given private key/data combination than the Objective-C SSCrypto framework (which is only a wrapper for the openssl lib): SSCrypto *crypto = [[SSCrypto alloc] initWithPrivateKey:self.localPrivKey]; NSData *shaed = [self sha1:@"hello"]; [crypto setClearTextWithData:shaed]; NSData *data = [crypto sign]; generates a signature like CtbkSxvqNZ+mAN... The PHP code openssl_sign("hello", $signature, $privateKey); generates a signature like 6u0d2qjFiMbZ+... (For my certain key, of course. base64 encoded) I'm not quite shure why this is happening and I unsuccessfully experimented with different hash-algorithms. As the PHP documentation states SHA1 is used by default. So why do these two functions generate different signatures and how can I get my Objective-C part to generate a signature that PHPs openssl_verify will accept? Note: I double checked that the keys and the data is correct!

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  • Building a ctypes-"based" C library with distutils

    - by Robie Basak
    Following this recommendation, I have written a native C extension library to optimise part of a Python module via ctypes. I chose ctypes over writing a CPython-native library because it was quicker and easier (just a few functions with all tight loops inside). I've now hit a snag. If I want my work to be easily installable using distutils using python setup.py install, then distutils needs to be able to build my shared library and install it (presumably into /usr/lib/myproject). However, this not a Python extension module, and so as far as I can tell, distutils cannot do this. I've found a few references to people other people with this problem: Someone on numpy-discussion with a hack back in 2006. Somebody asking on distutils-sig and not getting an answer. Somebody asking on the main python list and being pointed to the innards of an existing project. I am aware that I can do something native and not use distutils for the shared library, or indeed use my distribution's packaging system. My concern is that this will limit usability as not everyone will be able to install it easily. So my question is: what is the current best way of distributing a shared library with distutils that will be used by ctypes but otherwise is OS-native and not a Python extension module? Feel free to answer with one of the hacks linked to above if you can expand on it and justify why that is the best way. If there is nothing better, at least all the information will be in one place.

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  • Where to store site settings: DB? XML? CONFIG? CLASS FILES?

    - by Emin
    I am re-building a news portal of which already have a large number of visits every day. One of the major concerns when re-building this site was to maximize performance and speed. Having said this, we have done many things from caching, to all sort of other measures to ensure speed. Now towards the end of the project, I am having a dilemma of where to store my site settings that would least affect performance. The site settings will include things such as: Domain, DefaultImgPath, Google Analytics code, default emails of editors as well as more dynamic design/display feature settings such as the background color of specific DIVs and default color for links etc.. As far as I know, I have 4 choices in storing all these info. Database: Storing general settings in the DB and caching them may be a solution however, I want to limit the access to the database for only necessary and essential functions of the project which generally are insert/update/delete news items, author articles etc.. XML: I can store these settings in an XML file but I have not done this sort of thing before so I don't know what kind of problems -if any- I might face in the future. CONFIG: I can also store these settings in web.config CLASS FILE: I can hard code all these settings in a SiteSettings class, but since the site admin himself will be able to edit these settings, It may not be the best solution. Currently, I am more close to choosing web.config but letting people fiddle with it too often is something I do not want. E.g. if somehow, I miss out a validation for something and it breaks the web.config, the whole site will go down. My concern basically is that, I cannot forsee any possible consequences of using any of the methods above (or is there any other?), I was hoping to get this question over to more experienced people out here who hopefully help make my decision.

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  • RTTI Dynamic array TValue Delphi 2010

    - by user558126
    Hello I have a question. I am a newbie with Run Time Type Information from Delphi 2010. I need to set length to a dynamic array into a TValue. You can see the code. Type TMyArray = array of integer; TMyClass = class publihed function Do:TMyArray; end; function TMyClass.Do:TMyArray; begin SetLength(Result,5); for i:=0 to 4 Result[i]=3; end; ....... ....... ...... y:TValue; Param:array of TValue; ......... y=Methods[i].Invoke(Obj,Param);//delphi give me a DynArray type kind, is working, Param works to any functions. if Method[i].ReturnType.TypeKind = tkDynArray then//is working... begin I want to set length for y to 10000//i don't know how to write. end; I don't like Generics Collections.

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  • strange memory error when deleting object from Core Data

    - by llloydxmas
    I have an application that downloads an xml file, parses the file, and creates core data objects while doing so. In the parse code I have a function called 'emptydatacontext' that removes all items from Core Data before creating replacements from the xml file. This method looks like this: -(void) emptyDataContext { NSMutableArray* mutableFetchResults = [CoreDataHelper getObjectsFromContext:@"Condition" :@"road" :NO :managedObjectContext]; NSFetchRequest * allCon = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init]; [allCon setEntity:[NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Condition" inManagedObjectContext:managedObjectContext]]; NSError * error = nil; NSArray * conditions = [managedObjectContext executeFetchRequest:allCon error:&error]; [allCon release]; for (NSManagedObject * condition in conditions) { [managedObjectContext deleteObject:condition]; } } The first time this runs it deletes all objects and functions as it should - creating new objects from the xml file. I created a 'update' button that starts the exact same process of retrieving the file the preceeding as it did the first time. All is well until its time to delete the core data objects again. This 'deleteObject' call creates a "EXC_BAD_ACCESS" error each time. This only happens on the second time through. See this image for the debugger window as it appears when walking through the deletion FOR loop on the second iteration. Conditions is the fetched array of 7 objects with the objects below. Condition should be an individual condition. link text As you can see 'condition' does not match any of the objects in the 'conditions' array. I'm sure this is why I'm getting the memory access errors. Just not sure why this fetch (or the FOR) is returning a wrong reference. All the code that successfully performes this function on the first iteration is used in the second but with very different results. Thanks in advance for the help!

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  • How to create a generic C free function .

    - by nomemory
    I have some C structures related to a 'list' data structure. They look like this. struct nmlist_element_s { void *data; struct nmlist_element_s *next; }; typedef struct nmlist_element_s nmlist_element; struct nmlist_s { void (*destructor)(void *data); int (*cmp)(const void *e1, const void *e2); unsigned int size; nmlist_element *head; nmlist_element *tail; }; typedef struct nmlist_s nmlist; This way I can have different data types being hold in "nmlist_element-data" . The "constructor" (in terms of OOP) has the following signature: nmlist *nmlist_alloc(void (*destructor)(void *data)); Where "destructor" is specific function that de-allocated "data" (being hold by the nmlist_element). If I want to have a list containing integers as data, my "destructor" would like this: void int_destructor(void *data) { free((int*)data); } Still i find it rather "unfriendly" for me to write a destructor functions for every simple primitive data type. So is there a trick to write something like this ? (for primitives): void "x"_destructor(void *data, "x") { free(("x" *)data); } PS: I am not a macro fan myself, and in my short experience regarding C, i don't use them, unless necessary.

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  • heap sort function explanation needed

    - by Codeguru
    Hello, Can someone clearly explain me how these functions of heap sort are working?? void heapSort(int numbers[], int array_size) { int i, temp; for (i = (array_size / 2)-1; i >= 0; i--) siftDown(numbers, i, array_size); for (i = array_size-1; i >= 1; i--) { temp = numbers[0]; numbers[0] = numbers[i]; numbers[i] = temp; siftDown(numbers, 0, i-1); } } void siftDown(int numbers[], int root, int bottom) { int done, maxChild, temp; done = 0; while ((root*2 <= bottom) && (!done)) { if (root*2 == bottom) maxChild = root * 2; else if (numbers[root * 2] > numbers[root * 2 + 1]) maxChild = root * 2; else maxChild = root * 2 + 1; if (numbers[root] < numbers[maxChild]) { temp = numbers[root]; numbers[root] = numbers[maxChild]; numbers[maxChild] = temp; root = maxChild; } else done = 1; } }

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  • Javascript getElementsByTagName broken firefox?

    - by Sheldon Ross
    I'm getting the weirdest issues with Javascript in Firefox today. I'm trying to manipulate some table rows, but .getElementsByTagName("tr"); is pulling back junk. dynamicTable.tableBody = dynamicTable.getElementsByTagName("tbody")[0]; var tableRows = dynamicTable.tableBody.getElementsByTagName("TR"); var actualTableRows = new Array(); for(var i in tableRows) { var row = tableRows[i]; alert(row.tagName); if(row.tagName == "TR"){ actualTableRows.push(row); } } dynamicTable.bodyRows = actualTableRows; The puzzling part of course is my temporary hack to fix the error. For some reason .getElementsByTagName("tr") is pulling back some functions also. Incidently the alert above goes something like this TR TR TR TR undefined undefined undefined. The code I wanted was something like this dynamicTable.bodyRows = dynamicTable.tableBody.getElementsByTagName("tr"); But then bodyrows does not contain just tr elements it has the aforementioned junk in it. Any thoughts?

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  • Hibernate: Walk millions of rows and don't leak memory

    - by Autocracy
    The below code functions, but Hibernate never lets go of its grip of any object. Calling session.clear() causes exceptions regarding fetching a joined class, and calling session.evict(currentObject) before retrieving the next object also fails to free the memory. Eventually I exhaust my heap space. Checking my heap dumps, StatefulPersistenceContext is the garbage collector's root for all references pointing to my objects. public class CriteriaReportSource implements JRDataSource { private ScrollableResults sr; private Object currentObject; private Criteria c; private static final int scrollSize = 10; private int offset = 1; public CriteriaReportSource(Criteria c) { this.c = c; advanceScroll(); } private void advanceScroll() { // ((Session) Main.em.getDelegate()).clear(); this.sr = c.setFirstResult(offset) .setMaxResults(scrollSize) .scroll(ScrollMode.FORWARD_ONLY); offset += scrollSize; } public boolean next() { if (sr.next()) { currentObject = sr.get(0); if (sr.isLast()) { advanceScroll(); } return true; } return false; } public Object getFieldValue(JRField jrf) throws JRException { Object retVal = null; if(currentObject == null) { return null; } try { retVal = PropertyUtils.getProperty(currentObject, jrf.getName()); } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.getLogger(CriteriaReportSource.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } return retVal; } }

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  • SWIG interface to receive an opaque struct reference in Java through function argument

    - by Beeo
    I am trying to use SWIG in order to use the Spotify API (libspotify) for Android: https://developer.spotify.com/technologies/libspotify/ I am having trouble defining the SWIG interface file to be able to successfully call the following native C function: sp_error sp_session_create(const sp_session_config * config, sp_session ** sess); Which in C would be called like this: //config struct defined previously sp_session *sess; sp_session_create(&config, &sess); But in Java I would need to call it like this: //config object defined previously sp_session javaSess = new sp_session(); sp_session_create(config, javaSess); sp_session is an opaque struct and is only defined in libspotify's API.h file as: typedef struct sp_session sp_session; I'm expecting the libspotify library to create it and give me a reference to it. The only thing I need that reference for then is to pass to other functions in the API. I believe the answer lies within the SWIG interface and typemaps, but I have been unsuccessful in trying to apply the examples I found in the documentation: http://www.swig.org/Doc2.0/SWIGDocumentation.html#Java_struct_pointer_pointer `http://www.swig.org/Doc2.0/SWIGDocumentation.html#Java_using_typemaps_return_arguments Help!

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  • __toString magic and type coercion

    - by TomcatExodus
    I've created a Template class for managing views and their associated data. It implements Iterator and ArrayAccess, and permits "sub-templates" for easy usage like so: <p><?php echo $template['foo']; ?></p> <?php foreach($template->post as $post): ?> <p><?php echo $post['bar']; ?></p> <?php endforeach; ?> Anyways, rather than using inline core functions, such as hash() or date(), I figured it would be useful to create a class called TemplateData, which would act as a wrapper for any data stored in the templates. This way, I can add a list of common methods for formatting, for example: echo $template['foo']->asCase('upper'); echo $template['bar']->asDate('H:i:s'); //etc.. When a value is set via $template['foo'] = 'bar'; in the controllers, the value of 'bar' is stored in it's own TemplateData object. I've used the magic __toString() so when you echo a TemplateData object, it casts to (string) and dumps it's value. However, despite the mantra controllers and views should not modify data, whenever I do something like this: $template['foo'] = 1; echo $template['foo'] + 1; //exception It dies on a Object of class TemplateData could not be converted to int; Unless I recast $template['foo'] to a string: echo ((string) $template['foo']) + 1; //outputs 2 Sort of defeats the purpose having to jump through that hoop. Are there any workarounds for this sort of behavior that exist, or should I just take this as it is, an incidental prevention of data modification in views?

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  • Extracting function declarations from a PHP file

    - by byronh
    I'm looking to create an on-site API reference for my framework and application. Basically, say I have a class file model.class.php: class Model extends Object { ... code here ... // Separates results into pages. // Returns Paginator object. final public function paginate($perpage = 10) { ... more code here ... } } and I want to be able to generate a reference that my developers can refer to quickly in order to know which functions are available to be called. They only need to see the comments directly above each function and the declaration line. Something like this (similar to a C++ header file): // Separates results into pages. // Returns Paginator object. final public function paginate($perpage = 10); I've done some research and this answer looked pretty good (using Reflection classes), however, I'm not sure how I can keep the comments in. Any ideas? EDIT: Sorry, but I want to keep the current comment formatting. Myself and the people who are working on the code hate the verbosity associated with PHPDocumentor. Not to mention a comment-rewrite of the entire project would take years, so I want to preserve just the // comments in plaintext.

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  • Visual Studio - Edit source code located in a database

    - by mfeingold
    I am building something similar to Server Explorer for Apache CouchDB. One of the things necessary is to be able to edit CouchDB view definitions which in CouchDB are JavaScript functions. How can I trick Visual Studio into using my object to retrieve and save the content of the JavaScript function but still use the rest of it - I am happy with editor itself and have no intention of writing my own Editor/Language Service, etc. The latter would be much bigger effort than what this project warrants Edit After more digging I am still stuck. Here is what I know: IVsUIShellOpenDocument interface provides a method OpenStandardEditor which can be used to open the standard Visual Studio editor. As one of the parameters this method takes a Pointer to the IUnknown interface of the document data object. This object is supposed to implement several interfaces described in many places all over the MSDN. Visual Studio SDK also provides a 'sample' implementation of the document data object VsTextBufferClass. I can create an instance of this class and when I pass the pointer to the instance to the OpenStandardEditor I can see my editor and it seems to work ok. When I try to implement my own class implementing the same interfaces (IVsTextBuffer, VsTextBuffer, IVsTextLines) OpenStandardEditor method returns success, but VS bombs out on call editor.Show() with an access violation. My suspicion is that VsTextBufferClass also implements some other interface(s) but not in C# way but rather in the good old COM way. I just do not know which one(s). Any thoughts?

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  • Corrupt UTF-8 Characters with PHP 5.2.10 and MySQL 5.0.81

    - by jkndrkn
    We have an application hosted on both a local development server and a live site. We are experiencing UTF-8 corruption issues and are looking to figure out how to resolve them. The system is run using symfony 1.0 with Propel. On our development server, we are running PHP 5.2.0 and MySQL 5.0.32. We do not experience corrupted UTF-8 characters there. On our live site, PHP 5.2.10 and MySQL 5.0.81 is running. On that server, certain characters such as ô´ and S are corrupted once they are stored in the database. The corrupted characters are showing up as either question marks or approximations of the original character with adjacent question marks. Examples of corruption: Uncorrupted: ô´ Corrupted: ô? Uncorrupted: S Corrupted: ? We are currently using the following techniques on both development and live servers: Executing the following queries prior to execution of any other queries: SET NAMES 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_unicode_ci' SET CHARSET 'utf8' Setting the <meta> Content-Type value to: <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> Adding the following to our .htaccess file: AddDefaultCharset utf-8 Using mb_* (multibyte) PHP functions where necessary. Being sure to set database columns to use utf8_unicode_ci collation. These techniques are sufficient for our development site, but do not work on the live site. On the live site I've also tried adding mysql_set_encoding('ut8', $mysql_connection) but this does not help either. I have found some evidence that newer versions of PHP and MySQL are mishandling UTF-8 character encodings.

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  • JMeter CSV Data Set is corrupting Japanese strings stored as proper UTF-8, I get Question Marks instead

    - by Mark Bennett
    I read in search terms from a simple text file to send to a search engine. It works fine in English, but gives me ???? for any Japanese text. Text with mixed English and Japanese does show the English text, so I know it's reading it. What I'm seeing: Input text: Snow Leopard ??????????????? Turns into: Snow Leopard ??????????????? This is in my POST field of an HTTP. If I set JMeter to encode the data, it just puts in the percent sequence for question marks. Interesting note: In the example above there are 15 Japanese characters, and then 15 question marks, so at some point it's being seen as full characters and not just bytes. About the Data: The CSV file is very simple in structure. There's only one field / one column, which I name TERM, and later use as ${TERM} I don't really need full CSV because it's only one string per line. There's no commas or quotes. When I run the Unix "file" command on the file, it says UTF-8 text. I've also verified it in command line and graphical mode on two machines. JMeter CSV Dataset Config: Filename: japanese-searches.csv File encoding: UTF-8 (also tried without) Variable names: TERM Delimiter: , Allow Quoted Data: False (I also tried True, different, but still wrong) Recycle at EOF: True Stop at EOF: False Staring mode: All threads A few things I've tried: Tried Allow quoted Data. It changed to other strange characters. -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 Tried encoding the POST, but it just turned into a bunch of %nn for question marks And I'm not sure how "debug" just after the each line of the CSV is read in. I think it's corrupted right away, but I'm not sure. If it's only mangled when I reference it, then instead of ${TERM} perhaps there's some other "to bytes" function call. I'll start checking into that. I haven't done anything with the JMeter functions yet.

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  • BCrypt says long, similar passwords are equivalent - problem with me, the gem, or the field of crypt

    - by PreciousBodilyFluids
    I've been experimenting with BCrypt, and found the following. If it matters, I'm running ruby 1.9.2dev (2010-04-30 trunk 27557) [i686-linux] require 'bcrypt' # bcrypt-ruby gem, version 2.1.2 @long_string_1 = 'f287ed6548e91475d06688b481ae8612fa060b2d402fdde8f79b7d0181d6a27d8feede46b833ecd9633b10824259ebac13b077efb7c24563fce0000670834215' @long_string_2 = 'f6ebeea9b99bcae4340670360674482773a12fd5ef5e94c7db0a42800813d2587063b70660294736fded10217d80ce7d3b27c568a1237e2ca1fecbf40be5eab8' def salted(string) @long_string_1 + string + @long_string_2 end encrypted_password = BCrypt::Password.create(salted('password'), :cost => 10) puts encrypted_password #=> $2a$10$kNMF/ku6VEAfLFEZKJ.ZC.zcMYUzvOQ6Dzi6ZX1UIVPUh5zr53yEu password = BCrypt::Password.new(encrypted_password) puts password.is_password?(salted('password')) #=> true puts password.is_password?(salted('passward')) #=> true puts password.is_password?(salted('75747373')) #=> true puts password.is_password?(salted('passwor')) #=> false At first I thought that once the passwords got to a certain length, the dissimilarities would just be lost in all the hashing, and only if they were very dissimilar (i.e. a different length) would they be recognized as different. That didn't seem very plausible to me, from what I know of hash functions, but I didn't see a better explanation. Then, I tried shortening each of the long_strings to see where BCrypt would start being able to tell them apart, and I found that if I shortened each of the long strings to 100 characters or so, the final attempt ('passwor') would start returning true as well. So now I don't know what to think. What's the explanation for this?

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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • How to change the date/time in Python for all modules?

    - by Felix Schwarz
    When I write with business logic, my code often depends on the current time. For example the algorithm which looks at each unfinished order and checks if an invoice should be sent (which depends on the no of days since the job was ended). In these cases creating an invoice is not triggered by an explicit user action but by a background job. Now this creates a problem for me when it comes to testing: I can test invoice creation itself easily However it is hard to create an order in a test and check that the background job identifies the correct orders at the correct time. So far I found two solutions: In the test setup, calculate the job dates relative to the current date. Downside: The code becomes quite complicated as there are no explicit dates written anymore. Sometimes the business logic is pretty complex for edge cases so it becomes hard to debug due to all these relative dates. I have my own date/time accessor functions which I use throughout my code. In the test I just set a current date and all modules get this date. So I can simulate an order creation in February and check that the invoice is created in April easily. Downside: 3rd party modules do not use this mechanism so it's really hard to integrate+test these. The second approach was way more successful to me after all. Therefore I'm looking for a way to set the time Python's datetime+time modules return. Setting the date is usually enough, I don't need to set the current hour or second (even though this would be nice). Is there such a utility? Is there an (internal) Python API that I can use?

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  • Retreive value stored in array with jquery index

    - by Dustin
    I am trying to retreive the stored value (div id) of an index stored in var "current" when it's div is clicked, so I can use it in a function to iterate through to the next index later. I want to store this stored value in a var so I can use it in a div show/hide function. my html is quite simple: <div class="gallerypreview" id="1"></div> <div class="gallerypreview" id="2"></div> <div class="gallerypreview" id="3"></div> my javascript is something like this: var images = new Array(); $(document).ready( function(){ $('.gallerypreview').each(function() { images.push($(this).attr("id")); }); $('.gallerypreview').click(function() { var current = $('.gallerypreview').index(this); }); }); how would I go about retrieving the div id from this clicked div? nothing I have tried has worked. I can get the index # fine, but I cannot find the value of the index using any functions that utilize the index # yet.

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  • How to report progress of a JavaScript function?

    - by LambyPie
    I have a JavaScript function which is quite long and performs a number of tasks, I would like to report progress to the user by updating the contents of a SPAN element with a message as I go. I tried adding document.getElementById('spnProgress').innerText = ... statements throughout the function code. However, whilst the function is executing the UI will not update and so you only ever see the last message written to the SPAN which is not very helpful. My current solution is to break the task up into a number of functions, at the end of each I set the SPAN message and then "trigger" the next one with a window.setTimeout call with a very short delay (say 10ms). This yields control and allows the browser to repaint the SPAN with the updated message before starting the next step. However I find this very messy and difficult to follow the code, I'm thinking there must be a better way. Does anyone have any suggestions? Is there any way to force the SPAN to repaint without having to leave the context of the function? Thanks

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  • object / class methods serialized as well?

    - by Mat90
    I know that data members are saved to disk but I was wondering whether object's/class' methods are saved in binary format as well? Because I found some contradictionary info, for example: Ivor Horton: "Class objects contain function members as well as data members, and all the members, both data and functions, have access specifiers; therefore, to record objects in an external file, the information written to the file must contain complete specifications of all the class structures involved." and: Are methods also serialized along with the data members in .NET? Thus: are method's assembly instructions (opcodes and operands) stored to disk as well? Just like a precompiled LIB or DLL? During the DOS ages I used assembly so now and then. As far as I remember from Delphi and the following site (answer by dan04): Are methods also serialized along with the data members in .NET? sizeof(<OBJECT or CLASS>) will give the size of all data members together (no methods/procedures). Also a nice C example is given there with data and members declared in one class/struct but at runtime these methods are separate procedures acting on a struct of data. However, I think that later class/object implementations like Pascal's VMT may be different in memory.

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