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  • Rejigging a floating point equation ...

    - by Jamie
    I'd like to know if there is a way to improve the accuracy of calculating a slope. (This came up a few months back here). It seems by changing: float get_slope(float dXa, float dXb, float dYa, float dYb) { return (dXa - dXb)/(dYa - dYb); } to float get_slope(float dXa, float dXb, float dYa, float dYb) { return dXa/(dYa - dYb) - dXb/(dYa - dYb); } might be an improvement. Suggestions? Edit: It's precision I'm after, not efficiency.

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  • Error in Ordinary Differential Equation representation

    - by Priya M
    UPDATE I am trying to find the Lyapunov Exponents given in link LE. I am trying to figure it out and understand it by taking the following eqs for my case. These are a set of ordinary differential equations (these are just for testing how to work with cos and sin as ODE) f(1)=ALPHA*(y-x); f(2)=x*(R-z)-y; f(3) = 10*cos(x); and x=X(1); y=X(2); cos(y)=X(3); f1 means dx/dt;f2 dy/dt and f3 in this case would be -10sinx. However,when expressing as x=X(1);y=X(2);i am unsure how to express for cos.This is just a trial example i was doing so as to know how to work with equations where we have a cos,sin etc terms as a function of another variable. When using ode45 to solve these Eqs [T,Res]=sol(3,@test_eq,@ode45,0,0.01,20,[7 2 100 ],10); it throws the following error ??? Attempted to access (2); index must be a positive integer or logical. Error in ==> Eq at 19 x=X(1); y=X(2); cos(x)=X(3); Is my representation x=X(1); y=X(2); cos(y)=X(3); alright? How to resolve the error? Thank you

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  • CSS :nth-child Equation

    - by Meander365
    I have an unordered list and each li makes up one item in a two column layout: col1 col2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 I need to have an alternating background colour for each item BUT NOT so each item in one column is the same. So : 1,4,5,8,9,11 will have one colour; and 2,3,6,7,10,12 will have another colour. Can this be achieved with one :nth-child rule? Thanks!

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  • Objective-C(iPhone SDK) - Code for Chemical Equation Balancer help

    - by Evan
    -(IBAction) balancer: (id) sender{ double M[4][4]; M[0][0] = 6.0; M[0][1] = 0.0; M[0][2] = -1.0; M[0][3] = 0.0; M[1][0] = 12.0; M[1][1] = 0.0; M[1][2] = 0.0; M[1][3] = 2.0; M[2][0] = 6.0; M[2][1] = 2.0; M[2][2] = -2.0; M[2][3] = 1.0; M[3][0] = 0.0; M[3][1] = 0.0; M[3][2] = 0.0; M[3][3] = 0.0; int rowCount = 4; int columnCount = 4; int lead = 0; for (int r = 0; r < rowCount; r++) { if (lead = columnCount) break; int i = r; while (M[i][lead] == 0) { i++; if (i == rowCount) { i = r; lead++; if (lead == columnCount){ break; } } } double temp[4] ; temp[0] = M[r][0]; temp[1] = M[r][1]; temp[2] = M[r][2]; temp[3] = M[r][3]; M[r][0] = M[i][0]; M[r][1] = M[i][1]; M[r][2] = M[i][2]; M[r][3] = M[i][3]; M[i][0] = temp[0]; M[i][1] = temp[1]; M[i][2] = temp[2]; M[i][3] = temp[3]; double lv = M[r][lead]; for (int j = 0; j < columnCount; j++) M[r][j] = M[r][j] / lv; for (int f = 0; f < rowCount; f++) { if (f != r) { double l = M[f][lead]; for (int j = 0; j < columnCount; j++) M[f][j] = M[f][j] - l * M[r][j]; } } lead++; } NSString* myNewString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%g",M[0][3]]; label1.text = myNewString; } This is returning NaN, while it should be returning .16666667 for M[0][3]. Any suggestions on how to fix this?

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  • Exponential volume control with a specified midpoint

    - by Lars
    I have a slider that returns values from 0 to 100. I am using this to control the gain of an oscillator. When the slider is at 0, I would like the gain to be 0.0 When the slider is at 50, I would like the gain to be 0.1 When the slider is at 100, I would like the gain to be 0.5 So I need to find an equation to get a smooth curve which passes through all of these points. I've got the following equation which gives an exponential curve and gets the start and end points correct, but I don't know how to force the curve through the middle point. Can anyone help? function logSlider(position){ var minP = 0; var maxP = 100; var minV = Math.log(0.0001); var maxV = Math.log(0.5); var scale = (maxV - minV) / (maxP - minP); return Math.exp(minV + scale*(position-minP)); }

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  • No more memory available in Mathematica, Fit the parameters of system of differential equation

    - by user1058051
    I encountered a memory problem in Mathematica, when I tried to process my experimental data. It's a system of two differential equations and I need to find most suitable parameters. Unfortunately I am not a Pro in Mathematica, so the program used a lot of memory, when the parameter epsilon is more than 0.4. When it less than 0.4, the program work properly. The command 'historylength = 0' and attempts to reduce the Accuracy Goal and WorkingPrecision didn`t help. I can't use ' clear Cache ', because there isnt a circle. I'm trying to understand what mistakes I made, and how I may limit the memory usage. I have already bought extra-RAM, now its 4GB, and now I haven't free memory-slots in motherboard Remove["Global`*"]; T=13200; L = 0.085; e = 0.41; v = 0.000557197; q = 0.1618; C0 = 0.0256; R = 0.00075; data = {{L,600,0.141124587},{L,1200,0.254134509},{L,1800,0.342888644}, {L,2400,0.424476295},{L,3600,0.562844542},{L,4800,0.657111356}, {L,6000,0.75137817},{L,7200,0.815876516},{L,8430,0.879823594}, {L,9000,0.900771775},{L,13200,1}}; model[(De_)?NumberQ, (Kf_)?NumberQ, (Y_)?NumberQ] := model[De, Kf, Y] = yeld /.Last[Last[ NDSolve[{ v (Ci^(1,0))[z,t]+(Ci^(0,1))[z,t]== -((3 (1-e) Kf (Ci[z,t]-C0))/ (R e (1-(R Kf (1-R/r[z,t]))/De))), (r^(0,1))[z,t]== (R^2 Kf (Ci[z,t]-C0))/ (q r[z,t]^2 (1-(R Kf (1-R/r[z,t]))/De)), (yeld^(0,1))[z,t]== Y*(v e Ci[z,t])/(L q (1-e)), r[z,0]==R, Ci[z,0]==0, Ci[0,t]==0, yeld[z,0]==0}, {r[z,t],Ci[z,t],yeld},{z,0,L},{t,0,T}]]] fit = FindFit[data, {model[De, Kf, Y][z, t], {Y > 0.97, Y < 1.03, Kf > 10^-6, Kf < 10^-4, De > 10^-13, De < 10^-9}}, {{De,7*10^-13}, {Kf, 10^-5}, {Y, 1}}, {z, t}, Method -> NMinimize] data = {{600,0.141124587},{1200,0.254134509},{1800,0.342888644}, {2400,0.424476295},{3600,0.562844542},{4800,0.657111356}, {6000,0.75137817},{7200,0.815876516},{8430,0.879823594}, {9000,0.900771775},{13200,1}}; YYY = model[ De /. fit[[1]], Kf /. fit[[2]], Y /. fit[[3]]]; Show[Plot[Evaluate[YYY[L,t]],{t,0,T},PlotRange->All], ListPlot[data,PlotStyle->Directive[PointSize[Medium],Red]]] the link on the .nb file http://www.4shared.com/folder/249TSjlz/_online.html

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  • simplifying a =Mid() equation

    - by JT.
    lets say i want to test if the first letter in cell A1 is an "A" =Mid(A1, 1, 1)="A" Now lets say i want to find out if either the first and fourth letters in cell A1 is an "A" I would of thought you could something like this: =Mid(A1, or(1,4), 1)="A" Instead of having to do this: =IF(MID(A1,1,1)="A",TRUE,IF(MID(A!,4,1)="A",TRUE,FALSE)) Am i on the right track? Could i make the above Formula simpler? If not, why not?

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  • number several equations with only one number

    - by Tim
    Hi, How can I number several equations in a align environment using only one number? For example \begin{align} w^T x_i + b \geqslant 1-\xi_i \text{ if } y_i=1, \nonumber \\ w^T x_i + b \leqslant -1+\xi_i \text{ if } y_i=-1, \end{align} The numbering will appear next to the second equation. But it would be better if it appears between the lines of the two equations. In this case how to label this group of equations for later referring to? Thanks and regards!

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  • Excel, Lookup special characters and spaces.

    - by Sisyphus
    I have an excel, spreadsheet that has multiple sheets. The first sheet is an index of files, I am using the following forumla to look up a value in column A, references against the index sheet, if it matches then it copies the value from column B from the index sheet. The forumla is: =IF($A3="", "", (LOOKUP($A3, INDEX!$A$3:$A$26, INEDEX!B$3:B$26))) It works for data that has no spaces and special characters, anybody have any ideas why it doesn't work and how I can make it work? Thanks in advance.

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  • Calculate cubic bezier T value where tangent is perpendicular to anchor line.

    - by drawnonward
    Project a cubic bezier p1,p2,p3,p4 onto the line p1,p4. When p2 or p3 does not project onto the line segment between p1 and p4, the curve will bulge out from the anchor points. Is there a way to calculate the T value where the tangent of the curve is perpendicular to the anchor line? This could also be stated as finding the T values where the projected curve is farthest from the center of the line segment p1,p4. When p2 and p3 project onto the line segment, then the solutions are 0 and 1 respectively. Is there an equation for solving the more interesting case? The T value seems to depend only on the distance of the mapped control points from the anchor line segment. I can determine the value by refining guesses, but I am hoping there is a better way.

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  • Latex --- Is there a way to shift the equation numbering one tab space from the right margin (shift

    - by Murari
    I have been formatting my dissertation and one little problem is stucking me up. I used the following code to typeset an equation \begin{align} & R=\frac{P^2}{P+S'} \label{eqn:SCS}\\ &\mbox {where} \quad \mbox R = \mbox {Watershed Runoff} \notag\\ &\hspace{0.63in} \mbox P = \mbox{Rainfall} \notag\\ &\hspace{0.63in} \mbox S' = \mbox{Storage in the watershed $=\frac{1000}{CN}-10$ }\notag \end{align} My output requirement is such that: The equation should begin one tab space from the left margin The equation number should end at one tab space from the right margin With the above code, I have the equation begin at the right place but not the numbering. Any help will be extremely appreciated. Thanks MP

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  • Computing complex math equations in python

    - by dassouki
    Are there any libraries or techniques that simplify computing equations ? Take the following two examples: F = B * { [ a * b * sumOf (A / B ''' for all i ''' ) ] / [ sumOf(c * d * j) ] } where: F = cost from i to j B, a, b, c, d, j are all vectors in the format [ [zone_i, zone_j, cost_of_i_to_j], [..]] This should produce a vector F [ [1,2, F_1_2], ..., [i,j, F_i_j] ] T_ij = [ P_i * A_i * F_i_j] / [ SumOf [ Aj * F_i_j ] // j = 1 to j = n ] where: n is the number of zones T = vector [ [1, 2, A_1_2, P_1_2], ..., [i, j, A_i_j, P_i_j] ] F = vector [1, 2, F_1_2], ..., [i, j, F_i_j] so P_i would be the sum of all P_i_j for all j and Aj would be sum of all P_j for all i I'm not sure what I'm looking for, but perhaps a parser for these equations or methods to deal with multiple multiplications and products between vectors? To calculate some of the factors, for example A_j, this is what i use from collections import defaultdict A_j_dict = defaultdict(float) for A_item in TG: A_j_dict[A_item[1]] += A_item[3] Although this works fine, I really feel that it is a brute force / hacking method and unmaintainable in the case we want to add more variables or parameters. Are there any math equation parsers you'd recommend? Side Note: These equations are used to model travel. Currently I use excel to solve a lot of these equations; and I find that process to be daunting. I'd rather move to python where it pulls the data directly from our database (postgres) and outputs the results into the database. All that is figured out. I'm just struggling with evaluating the equations themselves. Thanks :)

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  • Is there a way to shift the equation numbering one tab space from the right margin (shift towards le

    - by Murari
    I have been formatting my dissertation and one little problem is stucking me up. I used the following code to typeset an equation \begin{align} & R=\frac{P^2}{P+S'} \label{eqn:SCS}\\ &\mbox {where} \quad \mbox R = \mbox {Watershed Runoff} \notag\\ &\hspace{0.63in} \mbox P = \mbox{Rainfall} \notag\\ &\hspace{0.63in} \mbox S' = \mbox{Storage in the watershed $=\frac{1000}{CN}-10$ }\notag \end{align} My output requirement is such that: The equation should begin one tab space from the left margin The equation number should end at one tab space from the right margin With the above code, I have the equation begin at the right place but not the numbering. Any help will be extremely appreciated. Thanks MP

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  • how to handle an asymptote/discontinuity with Matplotlib

    - by Geddes
    Hello all. Firstly - thanks again for all your help. Sorry not to have accepted the responses to my previous questions as I did not know how the system worked (thanks to Mark for pointing that out!). I have since been back and gratefully acknowledged the kind help I have received. My question: when plotting a graph with a discontinuity/asymptote/singularity/whatever, is there any automatic way to prevent Matplotlib from 'joining the dots' across the 'break'? (please see code/image below). I read that Sage has a [detect_poles] facility that looked good, but I really want it to work with Matplotlib. Thanks and best wishes, Geddes import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from sympy import sympify, lambdify from sympy.abc import x fig = plt.figure(1) ax = fig.add_subplot(111) # set up axis ax.spines['left'].set_position('zero') ax.spines['right'].set_color('none') ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('zero') ax.spines['top'].set_color('none') ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom') ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left') # setup x and y ranges and precision xx = np.arange(-0.5,5.5,0.01) # draw my curve myfunction=sympify(1/(x-2)) mylambdifiedfunction=lambdify(x,myfunction,'numpy') ax.plot(xx, mylambdifiedfunction(xx),zorder=100,linewidth=3,color='red') #set bounds ax.set_xbound(-1,6) ax.set_ybound(-4,4) plt.show()

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  • Most efficient way to solve system of equations involving the digamma function?

    - by Neil G
    What is the most efficient way to solve system of equations involving the digamma function? I have a vector v and I want to solve for a vector w such that for all i: digamma(sum(w)) - digamma(w_i) = v_i and w_i 0 I found the gsl function gsl_sf_psi, which is the digamma function. Is there an identity I can use to reduce the equations? Is my best bet to use a solver? I am using C++0x; which solver is easiest to use and fast?

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  • What is the most efficient way to solve system of equations containing the digamma function?

    - by Neil G
    What is the most efficient way to solve system of equations involving the digamma function? I have a vector v and I want to solve for a vector w such that for all i: digamma(sum(w)) - digamma(w_i) = v_i and w_i 0 I found the gsl function gsl_sf_psi, which is the digamma function (calculated using some kind of series.) Is there an identity I can use to reduce the equations? Is my best bet to use a solver? I am using C++0x; which solver is easiest to use and fast?

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  • multidimensional vector rotation and angle computation -- how?

    - by macias
    Input: two multidimensional (for example dim=8) vectors a and b. I need to find out the "directed" angle (0-2*Pi, not 0-Pi) between those vectors a and b. And if they are not parallel I need to rotate vector b in plane a,b by "directed" angle L. If they are parallel, plane does not matter, but angle of rotation is still the same L. For 2d and 3d this is quite easy, but for more dimensions I am lost, I didn't find anything on google, and I prefer using some already proved&tested equations (avoiding errors introduced by my calculations :-D). Thank you in advance for tips, links, etc. Edit: dimension of the space is the same as dimension of the vectors.

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  • How to change Matlab program for solving equation with finite element method?

    - by DSblizzard
    I don't know is this question more related to mathematics or programming and I'm absolute newbie in Matlab. Program FEM_50 applies the finite element method to Laplace's equation -Uxx(x, y) - Uyy(x, y) = F(x, y) in Omega. How to change it to apply FEM to equation -Uxx(x, y) - Uyy(x, y) + U(x, y) = F(x, y)? At this page: http://sc.fsu.edu/~burkardt/m_src/fem_50/fem_50.html additional code files in case you need them. function fem_50 ( ) %% FEM_50 applies the finite element method to Laplace's equation. % % Discussion: % % FEM_50 is a set of MATLAB routines to apply the finite % element method to solving Laplace's equation in an arbitrary % region, using about 50 lines of MATLAB code. % % FEM_50 is partly a demonstration, to show how little it % takes to implement the finite element method (at least using % every possible MATLAB shortcut.) The user supplies datafiles % that specify the geometry of the region and its arrangement % into triangular and quadrilateral elements, and the location % and type of the boundary conditions, which can be any mixture % of Neumann and Dirichlet. % % The unknown state variable U(x,y) is assumed to satisfy % Laplace's equation: % -Uxx(x,y) - Uyy(x,y) = F(x,y) in Omega % with Dirichlet boundary conditions % U(x,y) = U_D(x,y) on Gamma_D % and Neumann boundary conditions on the outward normal derivative: % Un(x,y) = G(x,y) on Gamma_N % If Gamma designates the boundary of the region Omega, % then we presume that % Gamma = Gamma_D + Gamma_N % but the user is free to determine which boundary conditions to % apply. Note, however, that the problem will generally be singular % unless at least one Dirichlet boundary condition is specified. % % The code uses piecewise linear basis functions for triangular elements, % and piecewise isoparametric bilinear basis functions for quadrilateral % elements. % % The user is required to supply a number of data files and MATLAB % functions that specify the location of nodes, the grouping of nodes % into elements, the location and value of boundary conditions, and % the right hand side function in Laplace's equation. Note that the % fact that the geometry is completely up to the user means that % just about any two dimensional region can be handled, with arbitrary % shape, including holes and islands. % clear % % Read the nodal coordinate data file. % load coordinates.dat; % % Read the triangular element data file. % load elements3.dat; % % Read the quadrilateral element data file. % load elements4.dat; % % Read the Neumann boundary condition data file. % I THINK the purpose of the EVAL command is to create an empty NEUMANN array % if no Neumann file is found. % eval ( 'load neumann.dat;', 'neumann=[];' ); % % Read the Dirichlet boundary condition data file. % load dirichlet.dat; A = sparse ( size(coordinates,1), size(coordinates,1) ); b = sparse ( size(coordinates,1), 1 ); % % Assembly. % for j = 1 : size(elements3,1) A(elements3(j,:),elements3(j,:)) = A(elements3(j,:),elements3(j,:)) ... + stima3(coordinates(elements3(j,:),:)); end for j = 1 : size(elements4,1) A(elements4(j,:),elements4(j,:)) = A(elements4(j,:),elements4(j,:)) ... + stima4(coordinates(elements4(j,:),:)); end % % Volume Forces. % for j = 1 : size(elements3,1) b(elements3(j,:)) = b(elements3(j,:)) ... + det( [1,1,1; coordinates(elements3(j,:),:)'] ) * ... f(sum(coordinates(elements3(j,:),:))/3)/6; end for j = 1 : size(elements4,1) b(elements4(j,:)) = b(elements4(j,:)) ... + det([1,1,1; coordinates(elements4(j,1:3),:)'] ) * ... f(sum(coordinates(elements4(j,:),:))/4)/4; end % % Neumann conditions. % if ( ~isempty(neumann) ) for j = 1 : size(neumann,1) b(neumann(j,:)) = b(neumann(j,:)) + ... norm(coordinates(neumann(j,1),:) - coordinates(neumann(j,2),:)) * ... g(sum(coordinates(neumann(j,:),:))/2)/2; end end % % Determine which nodes are associated with Dirichlet conditions. % Assign the corresponding entries of U, and adjust the right hand side. % u = sparse ( size(coordinates,1), 1 ); BoundNodes = unique ( dirichlet ); u(BoundNodes) = u_d ( coordinates(BoundNodes,:) ); b = b - A * u; % % Compute the solution by solving A * U = B for the remaining unknown values of U. % FreeNodes = setdiff ( 1:size(coordinates,1), BoundNodes ); u(FreeNodes) = A(FreeNodes,FreeNodes) \ b(FreeNodes); % % Graphic representation. % show ( elements3, elements4, coordinates, full ( u ) ); return end

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  • Numbering equations based on chapter numbers in MS-Word

    - by Isaac
    I am seeking for a way to number each equation based on the chapter numbers. The number should be placed at the right side of the equation and the equation should be center-aligned. Something like this: (The bounding box around 2.3 is not necessary). I found this article that do this in a tricky way. Sadly it has some problems when I use multilevel numbering for Headings. To conclude, I am looking for a way to numbers equations that: The numbering is formatted as N-M that N is chapter number and M is equation number. equation is placed in center-aligned number is placed in the right side of equation There should be a way to cross-reference each numbered equation. Thanks!

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  • How can I regress a number series in Excel?

    - by jcollum
    I'd like to use these data to derive an equation using Excel. 300 13 310 12.6 320 12.2 330 11.8 340 11.4 350 11 360 10.8 370 10.6 380 10.4 As x goes up, y goes down. Seems straightforward. But when I do a polynomial regression on these data, even though the trendline matches the data pretty well, the equation it generates doesn't work. The equation is When I plug in x values to that equation, the numbers go up! So something is pretty wrong here. My steps: place both number series in excel select the second set (13, 12.6 ...) plot a line graph set the first set as the x axis labels select Series1 and add a polynomial (2) trendline, display equation, display R-squared That produces the equation above, with an R^2 value of .9955. But when I use that equation, it doesn't produce those outputs for those inputs. Clearly I'm doing something wrong.

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  • Putting $$s in the middle of an `equation` environment: why doesn't Latex complain?

    - by Charles Stewart
    I was surprised that the Latex code from a recent question didn't throw up any errors, and even more surprised on further investigation, that Crowley's explanation seems to be true. My intuition about the \begin{equation} ... \end{equation} code is clearly off, what's really going on? Consider this, slightly adapted code: \begin{equation} 1: e^{i\pi}+1=0 $$ 2: B\"ob $$ 3: e=mc^2 \end{equation} This seems to prove that Crowley's explanation of such code, namely that "What that code says to LaTeX is begin equation, end it, begin it again, typeset definition of tangens and end the equation" is right: lines 1&3 can only be typeset in maths mode, line 2 only in text mode. Shouldn't Latex see that the \end{equation} is ending a display math that wasn't started by the \begin{equation}?

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  • Concatenating string with number in Javascript

    - by Sparky
    I'm trying to create a simple calculator in Javascript. I have an array named expression chunk[0] = 12 chunk[1] = + (the "+" sign) chunk[1] = 5 I used a for loop to loop through the chunks (chunk[]) and join then into a single expression as follows:- equation = ""; // To make var equation a string for(i = 0; i <= length; i++) { equation = equation + expression[i]; alert(expression[i]); } alert(equation); alert(expression[i]) showed values 12, + and 5. But alert(equation) showed 125 (instead of "12+5"). I need the variable equation to be "12+5" so that I can later call eval(equation) and get the value of 12+5. What am I doing wrong here?

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