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  • How to get rid of grub menu after boot?

    - by umpirsky
    Here is my /etc/default/grub: # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" I tried various things including: How do I hide the GRUB menu showing up in the beginning of boot? How to disable Grub's menu from showing up after failed boot http://www.itworld.com/software/306238/disable-grub-boot-menu-ubuntu-1210 But I still get grub menu each time I boot. My generated /boot/grub/grub.cfg: # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="0" fi if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then set timeout=-1 else if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=hidden set timeout=0 # Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. elif sleep --interruptible 0 ; then set timeout=0 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 45,51,53; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-recovery-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (14.04) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (14.04) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { menuentry 'Ubuntu (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed--ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed--ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed-root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed--ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed-root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } set timeout_style=menu if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' { fwsetup } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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  • Core data relationship memory leak

    - by cfihelp
    I have a strange (to me) memory leak when accessing an entity in a relationship. Series and Tiles have an inverse relationship to each other. // set up the fetch request NSFetchRequest *fetchRequest = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init]; NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Series" inManagedObjectContext:managedObjectContext]; [fetchRequest setEntity:entity]; // grab all of the series in the core data store NSError *error = nil; availableSeries = [[NSArray alloc] initWithArray:[managedObjectContext executeFetchRequest:fetchRequest error:&error]]; [fetchRequest release]; // grab one of the series Series *currentSeries = [availableSeries objectAtIndex:1]; // load all of the tiles attached to the series through the relationship NSArray *myTiles = [currentSeries.tile allObjects]; // 16 byte leak here! Instruments reports back that the final line has a 16 byte leak cause by NSPlaceHolderString. Stack trace: 2 UIKit UIApplicationMain 3 UIKit -[UIApplication _run] 4 CoreFoundation CFRunLoopRunInMode 5 CoreFoundation CFRunLoopRunSpecific 6 GraphicsServices PurpleEventCallback 7 UIKit _UIApplicationHandleEvent 8 UIKit -[UIApplication sendEvent:] 9 UIKit -[UIApplication handleEvent:withNewEvent:] 10 UIKit -[UIApplication _runWithURL:sourceBundleID:] 11 UIKit -[UIApplication _performInitializationWithURL:sourceBundleID:] 12 Memory -[AppDelegate_Phone application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:] /Users/cfish/svnrepo/Memory/src/Memory/iPhone/AppDelegate_Phone.m:49 13 UIKit -[UIViewController view] 14 Memory -[HomeScreenController_Phone viewDidLoad] /Users/cfish/svnrepo/Memory/src/Memory/iPhone/HomeScreenController_Phone.m:58 15 CoreData -[_NSFaultingMutableSet allObjects] 16 CoreData -[_NSFaultingMutableSet willRead] 17 CoreData -[NSFaultHandler retainedFulfillAggregateFaultForObject:andRelationship:withContext:] 18 CoreData -[NSSQLCore retainedRelationshipDataWithSourceID:forRelationship:withContext:] 19 CoreData -[NSSQLCore newFetchedPKsForSourceID:andRelationship:] 20 CoreData -[NSSQLCore rawSQLTextForToManyFaultStatement:stripBindVariables:swapEKPK:] 21 Foundation +[NSString stringWithFormat:] 22 Foundation -[NSPlaceholderString initWithFormat:locale:arguments:] 23 CoreFoundation _CFStringCreateWithFormatAndArgumentsAux 24 CoreFoundation _CFStringAppendFormatAndArgumentsAux 25 Foundation _NSDescriptionWithLocaleFunc 26 CoreFoundation -[NSObject respondsToSelector:] 27 libobjc.A.dylib class_respondsToSelector 28 libobjc.A.dylib lookUpMethod 29 libobjc.A.dylib _cache_addForwardEntry 30 libobjc.A.dylib _malloc_internal I think I'm missing something obvious but I can't quite figure out what. Thanks for your help! Update: I've copied the offending chunk of code to the first part of applicationDidFinishLaunching and it still leaks. Could there be something wrong with my model?

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  • Dynamic Code for type casting Generic Types 'generically' in C#

    - by Rick Strahl
    C# is a strongly typed language and while that's a fundamental feature of the language there are more and more situations where dynamic types make a lot of sense. I've written quite a bit about how I use dynamic for creating new type extensions: Dynamic Types and DynamicObject References in C# Creating a dynamic, extensible C# Expando Object Creating a dynamic DataReader for dynamic Property Access Today I want to point out an example of a much simpler usage for dynamic that I use occasionally to get around potential static typing issues in C# code especially those concerning generic types. TypeCasting Generics Generic types have been around since .NET 2.0 I've run into a number of situations in the past - especially with generic types that don't implement specific interfaces that can be cast to - where I've been unable to properly cast an object when it's passed to a method or assigned to a property. Granted often this can be a sign of bad design, but in at least some situations the code that needs to be integrated is not under my control so I have to make due with what's available or the parent object is too complex or intermingled to be easily refactored to a new usage scenario. Here's an example that I ran into in my own RazorHosting library - so I have really no excuse, but I also don't see another clean way around it in this case. A Generic Example Imagine I've implemented a generic type like this: public class RazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType> where TBaseTemplateType : RazorTemplateBase, new() You can now happily instantiate new generic versions of this type with custom template bases or even a non-generic version which is implemented like this: public class RazorEngine : RazorEngine<RazorTemplateBase> { public RazorEngine() : base() { } } To instantiate one: var engine = new RazorEngine<MyCustomRazorTemplate>(); Now imagine that the template class receives a reference to the engine when it's instantiated. This code is fired as part of the Engine pipeline when it gets ready to execute the template. It instantiates the template and assigns itself to the template: var template = new TBaseTemplateType() { Engine = this } The problem here is that possibly many variations of RazorEngine<T> can be passed. I can have RazorTemplateBase, RazorFolderHostTemplateBase, CustomRazorTemplateBase etc. as generic parameters and the Engine property has to reflect that somehow. So, how would I cast that? My first inclination was to use an interface on the engine class and then cast to the interface.  Generally that works, but unfortunately here the engine class is generic and has a few members that require the template type in the member signatures. So while I certainly can implement an interface: public interface IRazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType> it doesn't really help for passing this generically templated object to the template class - I still can't cast it if multiple differently typed versions of the generic type could be passed. I have the exact same issue in that I can't specify a 'generic' generic parameter, since there's no underlying base type that's common. In light of this I decided on using object and the following syntax for the property (and the same would be true for a method parameter): public class RazorTemplateBase :MarshalByRefObject,IDisposable { public object Engine {get;set; } } Now because the Engine property is a non-typed object, when I need to do something with this value, I still have no way to cast it explicitly. What I really would need is: public RazorEngine<> Engine { get; set; } but that's not possible. Dynamic to the Rescue Luckily with the dynamic type this sort of thing can be mitigated fairly easily. For example here's a method that uses the Engine property and uses the well known class interface by simply casting the plain object reference to dynamic and then firing away on the properties and methods of the base template class that are common to all templates:/// <summary> /// Allows rendering a dynamic template from a string template /// passing in a model. This is like rendering a partial /// but providing the input as a /// </summary> public virtual string RenderTemplate(string template,object model) { if (template == null) return string.Empty; // if there's no template markup if(!template.Contains("@")) return template; // use dynamic to get around generic type casting dynamic engine = Engine; string result = engine.RenderTemplate(template, model); if (result == null) throw new ApplicationException("RenderTemplate failed: " + engine.ErrorMessage); return result; } Prior to .NET 4.0  I would have had to use Reflection for this sort of thing which would have a been a heck of a lot more verbose, but dynamic makes this so much easier and cleaner and in this case at least the overhead is negliable since it's a single dynamic operation on an otherwise very complex operation call. Dynamic as  a Bailout Sometimes this sort of thing often reeks of a design flaw, and I agree that in hindsight this could have been designed differently. But as is often the case this particular scenario wasn't planned for originally and removing the generic signatures from the base type would break a ton of other code in the framework. Given the existing fairly complex engine design, refactoring an interface to remove generic types just to make this particular code work would have been overkill. Instead dynamic provides a nice and simple and relatively clean solution. Now if there were many other places where this occurs I would probably consider reworking the code to make this cleaner but given this isolated instance and relatively low profile operation use of dynamic seems a valid choice for me. This solution really works anywhere where you might end up with an inheritance structure that doesn't have a common base or interface that is sufficient. In the example above I know what I'm getting but there's no common base type that I can cast to. All that said, it's a good idea to think about use of dynamic before you rush in. In many situations there are alternatives that can still work with static typing. Dynamic definitely has some overhead compared to direct static access of objects, so if possible we should definitely stick to static typing. In the example above the application already uses dynamics extensively for dynamic page page templating and passing models around so introducing dynamics here has very little additional overhead. The operation itself also fires of a fairly resource heavy operation where the overhead of a couple of dynamic member accesses are not a performance issue. So, what's your experience with dynamic as a bailout mechanism? © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in CSharp   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Help with understanding generic relations in Django (and usage in Admin)

    - by saturdayplace
    I'm building a CMS for my company's website (I've looked at the existing Django solutions and want something that's much slimmer/simpler, and that handles our situation specifically.. Plus, I'd like to learn this stuff better). I'm having trouble wrapping my head around generic relations. I have a Page model, a SoftwareModule model, and some other models that define content on our website, each with their get_absolute_url() defined. I'd like for my users to be able to assign any Page instance a list of objects, of any type, including other page instances. This list will become that Page instance's sub-menu. I've tried the following: class Page(models.Model): body = models.TextField() links = generic.GenericRelation("LinkedItem") @models.permalink def get_absolute_url(self): # returns the right URL class LinkedItem(models.Model): content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') title = models.CharField(max_length=100) def __unicode__(self): return self.title class SoftwareModule(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) description = models.TextField() def __unicode__(self): return self.name @models.permalink def get_absolute_url(self): # returns the right URL This gets me a generic relation with an API to do page_instance.links.all(). We're on our way. What I'm not sure how to pull off, is on the page instance's change form, how to create the relationship between that page, and any other extant object in the database. My desired end result: to render the following in a template: <ul> {% for link in page.links.all %} <li><a href='{{ link.content_object.get_absolute_url() }}'>{{ link.title }}</a></li> {% endfor%} </ul> Obviously, there's something I'm unaware of or mis-understanding, but I feel like I'm, treading into that area where I don't know what I don't know. What am I missing?

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: The Generic Func Delegates

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. Back in one of my three original “Little Wonders” Trilogy of posts, I had listed generic delegates as one of the Little Wonders of .NET.  Later, someone posted a comment saying said that they would love more detail on the generic delegates and their uses, since my original entry just scratched the surface of them. Last week, I began our look at some of the handy generic delegates built into .NET with a description of delegates in general, and the Action family of delegates.  For this week, I’ll launch into a look at the Func family of generic delegates and how they can be used to support generic, reusable algorithms and classes. Quick Delegate Recap Delegates are similar to function pointers in C++ in that they allow you to store a reference to a method.  They can store references to either static or instance methods, and can actually be used to chain several methods together in one delegate. Delegates are very type-safe and can be satisfied with any standard method, anonymous method, or a lambda expression.  They can also be null as well (refers to no method), so care should be taken to make sure that the delegate is not null before you invoke it. Delegates are defined using the keyword delegate, where the delegate’s type name is placed where you would typically place the method name: 1: // This delegate matches any method that takes string, returns nothing 2: public delegate void Log(string message); This delegate defines a delegate type named Log that can be used to store references to any method(s) that satisfies its signature (whether instance, static, lambda expression, etc.). Delegate instances then can be assigned zero (null) or more methods using the operator = which replaces the existing delegate chain, or by using the operator += which adds a method to the end of a delegate chain: 1: // creates a delegate instance named currentLogger defaulted to Console.WriteLine (static method) 2: Log currentLogger = Console.Out.WriteLine; 3:  4: // invokes the delegate, which writes to the console out 5: currentLogger("Hi Standard Out!"); 6:  7: // append a delegate to Console.Error.WriteLine to go to std error 8: currentLogger += Console.Error.WriteLine; 9:  10: // invokes the delegate chain and writes message to std out and std err 11: currentLogger("Hi Standard Out and Error!"); While delegates give us a lot of power, it can be cumbersome to re-create fairly standard delegate definitions repeatedly, for this purpose the generic delegates were introduced in various stages in .NET.  These support various method types with particular signatures. Note: a caveat with generic delegates is that while they can support multiple parameters, they do not match methods that contains ref or out parameters. If you want to a delegate to represent methods that takes ref or out parameters, you will need to create a custom delegate. We’ve got the Func… delegates Just like it’s cousin, the Action delegate family, the Func delegate family gives us a lot of power to use generic delegates to make classes and algorithms more generic.  Using them keeps us from having to define a new delegate type when need to make a class or algorithm generic. Remember that the point of the Action delegate family was to be able to perform an “action” on an item, with no return results.  Thus Action delegates can be used to represent most methods that take 0 to 16 arguments but return void.  You can assign a method The Func delegate family was introduced in .NET 3.5 with the advent of LINQ, and gives us the power to define a function that can be called on 0 to 16 arguments and returns a result.  Thus, the main difference between Action and Func, from a delegate perspective, is that Actions return nothing, but Funcs return a result. The Func family of delegates have signatures as follows: Func<TResult> – matches a method that takes no arguments, and returns value of type TResult. Func<T, TResult> – matches a method that takes an argument of type T, and returns value of type TResult. Func<T1, T2, TResult> – matches a method that takes arguments of type T1 and T2, and returns value of type TResult. Func<T1, T2, …, TResult> – and so on up to 16 arguments, and returns value of type TResult. These are handy because they quickly allow you to be able to specify that a method or class you design will perform a function to produce a result as long as the method you specify meets the signature. For example, let’s say you were designing a generic aggregator, and you wanted to allow the user to define how the values will be aggregated into the result (i.e. Sum, Min, Max, etc…).  To do this, we would ask the user of our class to pass in a method that would take the current total, the next value, and produce a new total.  A class like this could look like: 1: public sealed class Aggregator<TValue, TResult> 2: { 3: // holds method that takes previous result, combines with next value, creates new result 4: private Func<TResult, TValue, TResult> _aggregationMethod; 5:  6: // gets or sets the current result of aggregation 7: public TResult Result { get; private set; } 8:  9: // construct the aggregator given the method to use to aggregate values 10: public Aggregator(Func<TResult, TValue, TResult> aggregationMethod = null) 11: { 12: if (aggregationMethod == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("aggregationMethod"); 13:  14: _aggregationMethod = aggregationMethod; 15: } 16:  17: // method to add next value 18: public void Aggregate(TValue nextValue) 19: { 20: // performs the aggregation method function on the current result and next and sets to current result 21: Result = _aggregationMethod(Result, nextValue); 22: } 23: } Of course, LINQ already has an Aggregate extension method, but that works on a sequence of IEnumerable<T>, whereas this is designed to work more with aggregating single results over time (such as keeping track of a max response time for a service). We could then use this generic aggregator to find the sum of a series of values over time, or the max of a series of values over time (among other things): 1: // creates an aggregator that adds the next to the total to sum the values 2: var sumAggregator = new Aggregator<int, int>((total, next) => total + next); 3:  4: // creates an aggregator (using static method) that returns the max of previous result and next 5: var maxAggregator = new Aggregator<int, int>(Math.Max); So, if we were timing the response time of a web method every time it was called, we could pass that response time to both of these aggregators to get an idea of the total time spent in that web method, and the max time spent in any one call to the web method: 1: // total will be 13 and max 13 2: int responseTime = 13; 3: sumAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 4: maxAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 5:  6: // total will be 20 and max still 13 7: responseTime = 7; 8: sumAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 9: maxAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 10:  11: // total will be 40 and max now 20 12: responseTime = 20; 13: sumAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 14: maxAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); The Func delegate family is useful for making generic algorithms and classes, and in particular allows the caller of the method or user of the class to specify a function to be performed in order to generate a result. What is the result of a Func delegate chain? If you remember, we said earlier that you can assign multiple methods to a delegate by using the += operator to chain them.  So how does this affect delegates such as Func that return a value, when applied to something like the code below? 1: Func<int, int, int> combo = null; 2:  3: // What if we wanted to aggregate the sum and max together? 4: combo += (total, next) => total + next; 5: combo += Math.Max; 6:  7: // what is the result? 8: var comboAggregator = new Aggregator<int, int>(combo); Well, in .NET if you chain multiple methods in a delegate, they will all get invoked, but the result of the delegate is the result of the last method invoked in the chain.  Thus, this aggregator would always result in the Math.Max() result.  The other chained method (the sum) gets executed first, but it’s result is thrown away: 1: // result is 13 2: int responseTime = 13; 3: comboAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 4:  5: // result is still 13 6: responseTime = 7; 7: comboAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); 8:  9: // result is now 20 10: responseTime = 20; 11: comboAggregator.Aggregate(responseTime); So remember, you can chain multiple Func (or other delegates that return values) together, but if you do so you will only get the last executed result. Func delegates and co-variance/contra-variance in .NET 4.0 Just like the Action delegate, as of .NET 4.0, the Func delegate family is contra-variant on its arguments.  In addition, it is co-variant on its return type.  To support this, in .NET 4.0 the signatures of the Func delegates changed to: Func<out TResult> – matches a method that takes no arguments, and returns value of type TResult (or a more derived type). Func<in T, out TResult> – matches a method that takes an argument of type T (or a less derived type), and returns value of type TResult(or a more derived type). Func<in T1, in T2, out TResult> – matches a method that takes arguments of type T1 and T2 (or less derived types), and returns value of type TResult (or a more derived type). Func<in T1, in T2, …, out TResult> – and so on up to 16 arguments, and returns value of type TResult (or a more derived type). Notice the addition of the in and out keywords before each of the generic type placeholders.  As we saw last week, the in keyword is used to specify that a generic type can be contra-variant -- it can match the given type or a type that is less derived.  However, the out keyword, is used to specify that a generic type can be co-variant -- it can match the given type or a type that is more derived. On contra-variance, if you are saying you need an function that will accept a string, you can just as easily give it an function that accepts an object.  In other words, if you say “give me an function that will process dogs”, I could pass you a method that will process any animal, because all dogs are animals.  On the co-variance side, if you are saying you need a function that returns an object, you can just as easily pass it a function that returns a string because any string returned from the given method can be accepted by a delegate expecting an object result, since string is more derived.  Once again, in other words, if you say “give me a method that creates an animal”, I can pass you a method that will create a dog, because all dogs are animals. It really all makes sense, you can pass a more specific thing to a less specific parameter, and you can return a more specific thing as a less specific result.  In other words, pay attention to the direction the item travels (parameters go in, results come out).  Keeping that in mind, you can always pass more specific things in and return more specific things out. For example, in the code below, we have a method that takes a Func<object> to generate an object, but we can pass it a Func<string> because the return type of object can obviously accept a return value of string as well: 1: // since Func<object> is co-variant, this will access Func<string>, etc... 2: public static string Sequence(int count, Func<object> generator) 3: { 4: var builder = new StringBuilder(); 5:  6: for (int i=0; i<count; i++) 7: { 8: object value = generator(); 9: builder.Append(value); 10: } 11:  12: return builder.ToString(); 13: } Even though the method above takes a Func<object>, we can pass a Func<string> because the TResult type placeholder is co-variant and accepts types that are more derived as well: 1: // delegate that's typed to return string. 2: Func<string> stringGenerator = () => DateTime.Now.ToString(); 3:  4: // This will work in .NET 4.0, but not in previous versions 5: Sequence(100, stringGenerator); Previous versions of .NET implemented some forms of co-variance and contra-variance before, but .NET 4.0 goes one step further and allows you to pass or assign an Func<A, BResult> to a Func<Y, ZResult> as long as A is less derived (or same) as Y, and BResult is more derived (or same) as ZResult. Sidebar: The Func and the Predicate A method that takes one argument and returns a bool is generally thought of as a predicate.  Predicates are used to examine an item and determine whether that item satisfies a particular condition.  Predicates are typically unary, but you may also have binary and other predicates as well. Predicates are often used to filter results, such as in the LINQ Where() extension method: 1: var numbers = new[] { 1, 2, 4, 13, 8, 10, 27 }; 2:  3: // call Where() using a predicate which determines if the number is even 4: var evens = numbers.Where(num => num % 2 == 0); As of .NET 3.5, predicates are typically represented as Func<T, bool> where T is the type of the item to examine.  Previous to .NET 3.5, there was a Predicate<T> type that tended to be used (which we’ll discuss next week) and is still supported, but most developers recommend using Func<T, bool> now, as it prevents confusion with overloads that accept unary predicates and binary predicates, etc.: 1: // this seems more confusing as an overload set, because of Predicate vs Func 2: public static SomeMethod(Predicate<int> unaryPredicate) { } 3: public static SomeMethod(Func<int, int, bool> binaryPredicate) { } 4:  5: // this seems more consistent as an overload set, since just uses Func 6: public static SomeMethod(Func<int, bool> unaryPredicate) { } 7: public static SomeMethod(Func<int, int, bool> binaryPredicate) { } Also, even though Predicate<T> and Func<T, bool> match the same signatures, they are separate types!  Thus you cannot assign a Predicate<T> instance to a Func<T, bool> instance and vice versa: 1: // the same method, lambda expression, etc can be assigned to both 2: Predicate<int> isEven = i => (i % 2) == 0; 3: Func<int, bool> alsoIsEven = i => (i % 2) == 0; 4:  5: // but the delegate instances cannot be directly assigned, strongly typed! 6: // ERROR: cannot convert type... 7: isEven = alsoIsEven; 8:  9: // however, you can assign by wrapping in a new instance: 10: isEven = new Predicate<int>(alsoIsEven); 11: alsoIsEven = new Func<int, bool>(isEven); So, the general advice that seems to come from most developers is that Predicate<T> is still supported, but we should use Func<T, bool> for consistency in .NET 3.5 and above. Sidebar: Func as a Generator for Unit Testing One area of difficulty in unit testing can be unit testing code that is based on time of day.  We’d still want to unit test our code to make sure the logic is accurate, but we don’t want the results of our unit tests to be dependent on the time they are run. One way (of many) around this is to create an internal generator that will produce the “current” time of day.  This would default to returning result from DateTime.Now (or some other method), but we could inject specific times for our unit testing.  Generators are typically methods that return (generate) a value for use in a class/method. For example, say we are creating a CacheItem<T> class that represents an item in the cache, and we want to make sure the item shows as expired if the age is more than 30 seconds.  Such a class could look like: 1: // responsible for maintaining an item of type T in the cache 2: public sealed class CacheItem<T> 3: { 4: // helper method that returns the current time 5: private static Func<DateTime> _timeGenerator = () => DateTime.Now; 6:  7: // allows internal access to the time generator 8: internal static Func<DateTime> TimeGenerator 9: { 10: get { return _timeGenerator; } 11: set { _timeGenerator = value; } 12: } 13:  14: // time the item was cached 15: public DateTime CachedTime { get; private set; } 16:  17: // the item cached 18: public T Value { get; private set; } 19:  20: // item is expired if older than 30 seconds 21: public bool IsExpired 22: { 23: get { return _timeGenerator() - CachedTime > TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30.0); } 24: } 25:  26: // creates the new cached item, setting cached time to "current" time 27: public CacheItem(T value) 28: { 29: Value = value; 30: CachedTime = _timeGenerator(); 31: } 32: } Then, we can use this construct to unit test our CacheItem<T> without any time dependencies: 1: var baseTime = DateTime.Now; 2:  3: // start with current time stored above (so doesn't drift) 4: CacheItem<int>.TimeGenerator = () => baseTime; 5:  6: var target = new CacheItem<int>(13); 7:  8: // now add 15 seconds, should still be non-expired 9: CacheItem<int>.TimeGenerator = () => baseTime.AddSeconds(15); 10:  11: Assert.IsFalse(target.IsExpired); 12:  13: // now add 31 seconds, should now be expired 14: CacheItem<int>.TimeGenerator = () => baseTime.AddSeconds(31); 15:  16: Assert.IsTrue(target.IsExpired); Now we can unit test for 1 second before, 1 second after, 1 millisecond before, 1 day after, etc.  Func delegates can be a handy tool for this type of value generation to support more testable code.  Summary Generic delegates give us a lot of power to make truly generic algorithms and classes.  The Func family of delegates is a great way to be able to specify functions to calculate a result based on 0-16 arguments.  Stay tuned in the weeks that follow for other generic delegates in the .NET Framework!   Tweet Technorati Tags: .NET, C#, CSharp, Little Wonders, Generics, Func, Delegates

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  • Collect all extension methods to generic class in another generic class

    - by Hun1Ahpu
    I'd like to create a lot of extension methods for some generic class, e.g. for public class SimpleLinkedList<T> where T:IComparable And I've started creating methods like this: public static class LinkedListExtensions { public static T[] ToArray<T>(this SimpleLinkedList<T> simpleLinkedList) where T:IComparable { //// code } } But when I tried to make LinkedListExtensions class generic like this: public static class LinkedListExtensions<T> where T:IComparable { public static T[] ToArray(this SimpleLinkedList<T> simpleLinkedList) { ////code } } I get "Extension methods can only be declared in non-generic, non-nested static class". And I'm trying to guess where this restriction came from and have no ideas.

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  • Cast to generic type in C#

    - by Andrej
    I have a Dictionary to map a certain type to a certain generic object for that type. For example: typeof(LoginMessage) maps to MessageProcessor<LoginMessage> Now the problem is to retrieve this generic object at runtime from the Dictionary. Or to be more specific: To cast the retrieved object to the specific generic type. I need it to work something like this: Type key = message.GetType(); MessageProcessor<key> processor = messageProcessors[key] as MessageProcessor<key>; Hope there is a easy solution to this. Edit: I do not want to use Ifs and switches. Due to performance issues I cannot use reflection of some sort either.

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  • Generic Text Only printer driver mangles control codes

    - by Terry
    If an escape character (or most other characters < 0x20) is sent to the generic / text only printer it gets printed as a period. Using the code in the WinDDK is it possible to 'correct' this behaviour so that it passes it through unmodified? The general scenario for this is that some application ('user app') outputs a document to a windows printer. My application requires this data in plain text form and so what I do is run a generic / text only printer that talks to a virtual com port. This generally works fine except where the 'user app' outputs binary data to the print queue without using the correct mechanism (which seems to work fine on some printer drivers, such as the Epson POS ones, but not the generic / text only one). I've tried changing the print processor selection without success and also tried looking at the gtt files to see if I could readily map in these characters as though they were printable, but the minidriver tool won't let me do that. Any suggestions?

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  • ruby on rails one-to-many relationship

    - by fenec
    I would like to model a betting system relationship using the power of rails. so lets start with doing something very simple modelling the relationship from a user to a bet.i would like to have a model bet with 2 primary keys. here are my migrations enter code here class CreateBets < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :bets do |t| t.integer :user_1_id t.integer :user_2_id t.integer :amount t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :bets end end class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :users do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :users end end the models enter code here class Bet < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user_1,:class_name=:User belongs_to :user_2,:class_name=:User end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :bets, :foreign_key =:user_1) has_many :bets, :foreign_key =:user_2) end when i test here in the console my relationships I got an error enter code here u1=User.create :name="aa" = # u2=User.create :name="bb" = # b=Bet.create(:user_1=u1,:user_2=u2) *****error***** QUESTIONS: 1 How do I define the relationships between these tables correctly? 2 are there any conventions to name the attributes (ex:user_1_id...) thank you for your help

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  • I have 6 updates that won't install on Ubuntu 12.04?

    - by Taylor
    I'm an Ubuntu novice, so any help here is greatly appreciated! I'm running Ubuntu 12.04, and I have six updates that just won't install. I've tried Update Manger, sudo apt-get upgrade, and sudo apt-get update. Nothing has worked so far. Here are the details I get from Update Manager: installArchives() failed: Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae (3.2.0-24.37) ... Running depmod. sh: 1: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: not found Failed to create initrd image. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic-pae (3.2.0-27.43) ... No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Running depmod. sh: 1: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: not found Failed to create initrd image. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic-pae (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic-pae (3.2.0-29.46) ... Running depmod. sh: 1: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: not found Failed to create initrd image. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic-pae (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Setting up udev (175-0ubuntu9.1) ... udev stop/waiting udev start/running, process 3685 /var/lib/dpkg/info/udev.postinst: 87: /var/lib/dpkg/info/udev.postinst: update-initramfs: not found dpkg: error processing udev (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of xserver-xorg-core: xserver-xorg-core depends on udev (= 149); however: Package udev is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing xserver-xorg-core (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fglrx: fglrx depends on xserver-xorg-core; however: Package xserver-xorg-core is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing fglrx (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fglrx-amdcccle: fglrx-amdcccle depends on fglrx; however: Package fglrx is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing fglrx-amdcccle (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic-pae: linux-image-generic-pae depends on linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic-pae (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-pae: linux-generic-pae depends on linux-image-generic-pae (= 3.2.0.24.26); however: Package linux-image-generic-pae is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-generic-pae (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of xserver-xorg-video-intel: xserver-xorg-video-intel depends on xorg-video-abi-11; however: Package xorg-video-abi-11 is not installed. Package xserver-xorg-core which provides xorg-video-abi-11 is not configured yet. xserver-xorg-video-intel depends on xserver-xorg-core (= 2:1.10.99.901); however: Package xserver-xorg-core is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing xserver-xorg-video-intel (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fglrx-dev:No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already fglrx-dev depends on fglrx; however: Package fglrx is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing fglrx-dev (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic-pae linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic-pae udev xserver-xorg-core fglrx fglrx-amdcccle linux-image-generic-pae linux-generic-pae xserver-xorg-video-intel fglrx-dev Error in function: Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae (3.2.0-24.37) ... Running depmod. sh: 1: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: not found Failed to create initrd image. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic-pae (3.2.0-29.46) ... Running depmod. sh: 1: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: not found Failed to create initrd image. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic-pae (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic-pae (3.2.0-27.43) ... Running depmod. sh: 1: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: not found Failed to create initrd image. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic-pae (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Setting up udev (175-0ubuntu9.1) ... udev stop/waiting udev start/running, process 3782 /var/lib/dpkg/info/udev.postinst: 87: /var/lib/dpkg/info/udev.postinst: update-initramfs: not found dpkg: error processing udev (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic-pae: linux-image-generic-pae depends on linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic-pae is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic-pae (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of xserver-xorg-core: xserver-xorg-core depends on udev (= 149); however: Package udev is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing xserver-xorg-core (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fglrx: fglrx depends on xserver-xorg-core; however: Package xserver-xorg-core is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing fglrx (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-pae: linux-generic-pae depends on linux-image-generic-pae (= 3.2.0.24.26); however: Package linux-image-generic-pae is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-generic-pae (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of xserver-xorg-video-intel: xserver-xorg-video-intel depends on xorg-video-abi-11; however: Package xorg-video-abi-11 is not installed. Package xserver-xorg-core which provides xorg-video-abi-11 is not configured yet. xserver-xorg-video-intel depends on xserver-xorg-core (= 2:1.10.99.901); however: Package xserver-xorg-core is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing xserver-xorg-video-intel (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fglrx-amdcccle: fglrx-amdcccle depends on fglrx; however: Package fglrx is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing fglrx-amdcccle (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of fglrx-dev: fglrx-dev depends on fglrx; however: Package fglrx is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing fglrx-dev (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured

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  • Computer crashed during 3.0.0.17-generic kernel upgrade

    - by Z Swim
    My computer crashed (due to heat) during the update process for the 3.0.0.17-generic kernel upgrade. My computer will not boot ant all in 3.0.0.17 now and 3.0.0.16 is unstable (wireless networking doesn't work, also crashes often). I found the boot to previous versions tool at start up and the last stable version is 3.0.0.15-generic. However, my computer still thinks that it has 3.0.0.16-generic and 3.0.0.17-generic, even though both of these versions are broken. Is there anyway to force a reinstall of the 3.0.0.16-generic and 3.0.0.17-generic kernel updates from 3.0.0.15 and associated other updates?. (Without having to do a full reinstall?) I am running ubuntu 11.10. Thanks!

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  • NSManagedObject relationship undo

    - by Reflog
    I have a NSManagedObject ObjA that has a many-to-many relationship with another NSManagedObject ObjB. I initialize it with [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"ObjA" inManagedObjectContext:app.context]; When I perform undo without performing save - the object is not added to the persistent store. But - when I add an item to the collection inside ObjA and then perform undo - the ObjA is not added, but ObjB is not, it's still lingering in the persisten store for some reason. Any ideas what am I doing wrong?

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  • Problem using Lazy<T> from within a generic abstract class

    - by James Black
    I have a generic class that all my DAO classes derive from, which is defined below. I also have a base class for all my entities, but that is not generic. The method GetIdOrSave is going to be a different type than how I defined SabaAbstractDAO, as I am trying to get the primary key to fulfill the foreign key relationships, so this function goes out to either get the primary key or save the entity and then get the primary key. The last code snippet has a solution on how it will work if I get rid of the generic part, so I think this can be solved by using variance, but I can't figure out how to write an interface that will compile. public abstract class SabaAbstractDAO<T> { ... public K GetIdOrSave<K>(K item, Lazy<SabaAbstractDAO<BaseModel>> lazyitemdao) where K : BaseModel { if (item != null && item.Id.IsNull()) { var itemdao = lazyitemdao.Value; item.Id = itemdao.retrieveID(item); if (item.Id.IsNull()) { return itemdao.SaveData(item); } } return item; } } I am getting this error, when I try to compile: Argument 2: cannot convert from 'System.Lazy<ORNL.HRD.LMS.Dao.SabaCourseDAO>' to 'System.Lazy<ORNL.HRD.LMS.Dao.SabaAbstractDAO<ORNL.HRD.LMS.Models.BaseModel>>' I am trying to call it this way: GetIdOrSave(input.OfferingTemplate, new Lazy<SabaCourseDAO>( () => { return new SabaCourseDAO() { Dao = Dao }; }) ); If I change the definition to this, it works. public K GetIdOrSave<K>(K item, Lazy<SabaCourseDAO> lazyitemdao) where K : BaseModel { So, how can I get this to compile using variance (if needed) and generics, so I can have a very general method that will only work with BaseModel and AbstractDAO<BaseModel>? I expect I should only need to make the change in the method and perhaps abstract class definition, the usage should be fine.

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  • help me refactor iteration over a generic collection

    - by Biswanath
    Hi, I am working with a generic data structure, say MyGeneric<Type>. There is a case where I have to iterate over all the values it holds The code I am trying to do. for ( all the keys in myGeneric ) { // do lot of stuff here } Now the generic can hold base type as double and string and it can hold some user-defined type also. There is a particular situation where I have to some specific work depending upon the type of the generic. so the final code block looks something like this for( all the keys in myGeneric ) { if key is type foo then //do foo foo else if key is of type bar //do bar bar } Now, as complexity sensitive as I am I do not like to have an if condition in the for loop. So the next solution I did was if myGeneric is of type foo call fooIterator(myGeneric) if myGenric is of type bar call barItetrator(myGeneric) function FooIterator() { // ..... // foo work //...... } function BarItetrator() { // ..... // bar work //...... } Then again when somebody sees my code then I am quite sure that they will shout where is the "refactoring". What is the ideal thing to do in this situation ? Thanks.

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  • Generic factory of generic containers

    - by Feuermurmel
    I have a generic abstract class Factory<T> with a method createBoxedInstance() which returns instances of T created by implementations of createInstance() wrapped in the generic container Box<T>. abstract class Factory<T> { abstract T createInstance(); public final Box<T> createBoxedInstance() { return new Box<T>(createInstance()); } public final class Box<T> { public final T content; public Box(T content) { this.content = content; } } } At some points I need a container of type Box<S> where S is an ancestor of T. Is it possible to make createBoxedInstance() itself generic so that it will return instances of Box<S> where S is chosen by the caller? Sadly, defining the function as follows does not work as a type parameter cannot be declared using the super keyword, only used. public final <S super T> Box<S> createBoxedInstance() { return new Box<S>(createInstance()); } The only alternative I see, is to make all places that need an instance of Box<S> accept Box<? extends S> which makes the container's content member assignable to S. Is there some way around this without re-boxing the instances of T into containers of type Box<S>? (I know I could just cast the Box<T> to a Box<S> but I would feel very, very guilty.)

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  • Oracle Unveils Oracle Social Relationship Management Suite at Oracle OpenWorld

    - by Richard Lefebvre
    New Service Enables Companies to Listen, Engage, Create, Market and Analyze Interactions across Multiple Social Platforms in Real-Time During his keynote presentation, Oracle CEO Larry Ellison announced the Oracle Social Relationship Management (SRM) Suite.   Oracle Social Relationship Management Suite is an integrated enterprise service that enables companies to listen, engage, create, market, and analyze interactions across multiple social platforms in real-time providing a holistic view of the consumer.   Oracle Social Relationship Management Suite is integrated with Oracle’s enterprise applications, including Oracle Fusion Marketing, Oracle Fusion Sales Catalog, Oracle ATG Web Commerce, and Oracle Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), allowing organizations to use social to transform their corporate business processes and systems.   Additionally, Oracle Social Relationship Management Suite is integrated with Oracle Platform Services, including Oracle Java Cloud Service and Oracle Database Cloud Service, enabling marketing teams to integrate social with their custom Web pages, landing pages and marketing tools. Unleashing the Power of Social • Providing a holistic view of consumer interactions, Oracle Social Relationship Management Suite includes: Oracle Social Network (OSN): Provides a secure collaboration platform that supports real-time collaboration and networking for users inside and outside the organization. Oracle Social Marketing: Enables marketers to centrally create, publish, moderate, manage, measure and report across multiple social campaigns and platforms. It also helps marketers publish social content, engage fans and customize their brand's look and feel. Oracle Social Engagement & Monitoring Cloud Service: Enables organizations to analyze social media interactions while also empowering customer service and sales teams to effectively engage with customers and prospects. It gives organizations the tools they need to understand customers and take the appropriate actions by monitoring, listening, learning, and responding to signals and trends across the social web. Oracle Social Sites: provides brands and agencies a powerful and rich editing experience that end users can leverage to dynamically develop and launch social sites. Oracle Data and Insights. A service that caters to a growing enterprise need for externally information by providing information, directory and insights about common business entities. Supporting Quote “By fundamentally changing the way organizations connect with their different stakeholders, social is changing the rules of business,” said Thomas Kurian, executive vice president, Oracle Product Development. “With the Oracle Social Relationship Management Suite we are empowering our customers to embrace this change by integrating the tools required to listen, engage, create, market and analyze social interactions into existing applications and services.”

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  • Accessing the relationship of a relationship with Entity Framework

    - by J. Pablo Fernández
    I the School class I have this code: from student in this.Students where student.Teacher.Id == id select student The Student class there are two relationships: Teacher and School. In the School class I'm trying to find out all the students whose Teacher has a given id. The problem is that I get System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. in the statement student.Teacher.Id I thought of doing this.Students.Include("Teacher"), but this.Students doesn't have such a method. Any ideas how can I perform that query?

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  • Entity Relationship Model: Ternary Relationships

    - by Ethan
    Hi, I am trying to understand why this statement in the book is wrong: "given a C entity, there is at most one related A entity and at most one related B entity". Is it that it doesn't apply to a specific kind of relationship?? So, if I have an example of a student who is in attendance to a course with a type of subject. The entities are student, attendance, course and subject. Student makes attendance in a room. Also, a student can make attendance for a subject. Does this example apply to the statement? Thanks for your time.

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  • sharepoint list relationship question

    - by Korey
    I have two custom lists in sharepoint with a one to many relationship on a column in both lists. So list A has text column 1 and list B has a lookup column 1' on list A's column 1. I want to display the rows in list A, where column 1 has a match on column 1' and a 2nd column in list B with a specific text string. I have Sharepoint Designer and am fumbling along with linked sources described here http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/sharepointdesigner/HA100991441033.aspx, but can't get exactly what I'm looking for.

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  • Update fails to Install

    - by FirmTech
    I get the below error when I try to install updates using Software Updater: Not enough free disk space The upgrade needs a total of 81.3 M free space on disk '/boot'. Please free at least an additional 15.9 M of disk space on '/boot'. Empty your trash and remove temporary packages of former installations using 'sudo apt-get clean'. What should I do? firmtechnologies@FirmTechnologies:~$ (ls -l /boot) total 155801 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1158016 May 3 01:30 abi-3.13.0-24-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1161713 May 8 01:31 abi-3.13.0-26-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1161713 May 15 20:07 abi-3.13.0-27-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1161764 Jun 4 22:57 abi-3.13.0-29-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165510 May 3 01:30 config-3.13.0-24-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165538 May 8 01:31 config-3.13.0-26-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165521 May 15 20:07 config-3.13.0-27-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165544 Jun 4 22:57 config-3.13.0-29-generic drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 1024 Jun 6 14:31 grub -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29091568 May 7 21:31 initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29094684 May 12 12:24 initrd.img-3.13.0-26-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29095678 May 18 10:57 initrd.img-3.13.0-27-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29093700 Jun 6 14:32 initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic drwx------ 2 root root 12288 Apr 30 17:11 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176500 Mar 12 13:31 memtest86+.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178176 Mar 12 13:31 memtest86+.elf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178680 Mar 12 13:31 memtest86+_multiboot.bin -rw------- 1 root root 3372643 May 3 01:30 System.map-3.13.0-24-generic -rw------- 1 root root 3377429 May 8 01:31 System.map-3.13.0-26-generic -rw------- 1 root root 3377429 May 15 20:07 System.map-3.13.0-27-generic -rw------- 1 root root 3378267 Jun 4 22:57 System.map-3.13.0-29-generic -rw------- 1 root root 5776416 May 3 01:30 vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic -rw------- 1 root root 5790912 May 8 01:30 vmlinuz-3.13.0-26-generic -rw------- 1 root root 5790912 May 15 20:07 vmlinuz-3.13.0-27-generic -rw------- 1 root root 5792544 Jun 4 22:57 vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic

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  • Core Data - Relationship to dissimilar entities

    - by carotene
    Suppose I have the following data model: Entity Person Attribute name String Attribute personType String Attribute dailyRecords Entity CarpenterDailyRecord Attribute numberOfNailsHammered Int Attribute picNameOfFinishedCabinet String Entity WindowWasherDailyRecord Attribute nameOfBuildingWashed String Attribute numberOfWindowsWashed Int I would like to establish a to-many relationship between the Person.dailyRecords and 1 of the daily record entities (which changes depending on the person type). Of course, i could create a CarpenterPerson and WindowWasher entity which each points to it's unique daily record structure, but i have to group people together in my app somehow. so if i do a Group Entity: Entity Group Attribute people array i'm still stuck. how do i point to multiple & different Person entities? There must be an obvious answer, it's just i'm so new to all of this. thanks!

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  • Rails has_and_belongs_to_many relationship question

    - by Kevin Whitaker
    Hello all, I'm sure that this question has been asked somewhere before, as the habtm relationship seems to be very confusing. I have two models, users and promotions. The idea is that a promotion can have many users, and a user can have many promotions. class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :promotions end class Promotion < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :users end I also have a promotions_users table/model, with no id of its own. It references user_id and promotions_id class PromotionsUsers < ActiveRecord::Base end So, how do I add a user to a promotion? I've tried something like this: user = User.find(params[:id]) promotion = Promotion.find(params[:promo_id]) promo = user.promotions.new(promo) This results in the following error: NoMethodError: undefined method `stringify_keys!' for #<Promotion:0x10514d420> If I try this line instead: promo= user.promotions.new(promo.id) I get this error: TypeError: can't dup Fixnum I'm sure that there is a very easy solution to my problem, and I'm just not searching for the solution the right way. Thank you for your time, and any help you can provide.

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  • GAE modeling relationship options

    - by Sway
    Hi there, I need to model the following situation and I can't seem to find a consistent example on how to do it "correctly" for the google app engine. Suppose I've got a simple situation like the following: [Company] 1 ----- M [Stare] A company has one to many stores. Each store has an address made up of a address line 1, city, state, country, postcode etc. Ok. Lets say we need to create say an "Audit". An Audit is for a company and can be across one to many stares. So something like: [Audit] 1 ------ 1 [Company] 1 ------ M [Store] Now we need to query all of the "audits" based on the Store "addresses" in order to send the "Auditors" to the right locations. There seem to be numerous articles like this one: http://code.google.com/appengine/articles/modeling.html Which give examples of creating a "ContactCompany" model class. However they also say that you should use this kind of relationship only when you "really need to" and with "care" for performance. I've also read - frequently - that you should denormalize as much as possible thereby moving all of the "query-able" data into the Audit class. So what would you suggest as the best way to solve this? I've seen that there is an Expando class but I'm not sure if that is the "best" option for this. Any help or thoughts on this would be totally appreciated. Thanks in advance, Matt

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  • General many-to-many relationship problem ( Postgresql )

    - by David
    Hi, i have two tables: CREATE TABLE "public"."auctions" ( "id" VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, "auction_value_key" VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, "ctime" TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE NOT NULL, "mtime" TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "pk_XXXX2" PRIMARY KEY("id"), ); and CREATE TABLE "public"."auction_values" ( "id" NUMERIC DEFAULT nextval('default_seq'::regclass) NOT NULL, "fk_auction_value_key" VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, "key" VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, "value" TEXT, "ctime" TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE NOT NULL, "mtime" TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "pk_XXXX1" PRIMARY KEY("id"), ); if i want to create a many-to-many relationship on the auction_value_key like this: ALTER TABLE "public"."auction_values" ADD CONSTRAINT "auction_values_fk" FOREIGN KEY ("fk_auction_value_key") REFERENCES "public"."auctions"("auction_value_key") ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION NOT DEFERRABLE; i get this SQL error: ERROR: there is no unique constraint matching given keys for referenced table "auctions" Question: As you might see, i want "auction_values" to be be "reused" by different auctions without duplicating them for every auction... So i don't want a key relation on the "id" field in the auctions table... Am i thinking wrong here or what is the deal? ;) Thanks

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