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• Is it reasonable to have multiple SSH keys?

  - by Leonid Shevtsov

  So far I've created a separate SSH key for each server I need to login to (for each purpose, to be more accurate). I did it out of a sense of security, just like different passwords to different sites. Does having multiple SSH keys actually improve security? All of them are used from the same machine, are located in the same ~/.ssh, most even have the same passphrase. So... should I give up the whole system and just use one SSH key for everything?

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• SSH - using keys works, but not in a script

  - by Garfonzo

  I'm kind of confused, I have set up public keys between two servers and it works great, sort of. It only works if I ssh manually from a terminal. When I put the ssh command into a python script, it asks me for a password to login. The script is using rsync to sync up a directory from one server to the other. manual ssh command that works, no password prompt, automatic login: ssh -p 1234 [email protected] In the Python script: rsync --ignore-existing --delete --stats --progress -rp -e "ssh -p 1234" [email protected]:/directory/ /other/directory/ What gives? (obviously, ssh details are fake)

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• SSH onto Ubuntu box using RSA keys

  - by jex

  I recently installed OpenSSH on one of my Ubuntu machines and I've been running into problems getting it to use RSA keys. I've generated the RSA key on the client (ssh-keygen), and appended the public key generated to both the /home/jex/.ssh/authorized_keys and /etc/ssh/authorized_keys files on the server. However, when I try to login (ssh -o PreferredAuthorizations=publickey jex@host -v [which forces the use of public key for login]) I get the following output: debug1: Host 'pentheon.local' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/jex/.ssh/known_hosts:2 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received Banner message debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/jex/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /home/jex/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/jex/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive). I'm not entirely sure where I've gone wrong. I am willing to post my /etc/ssh/sshd_config if needed.

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• Does ssh-copy-id overwrite previous keys?

  - by decker

  I haven't yet found any definitive answer on this using google. It seems like the answer is no, but I need to know for sure before I go ahead and do it. Does ssh-copy-id append the key to authorized_keys or does it overwrite the previous keys? Thanks. Addendum: So the answer is right there in the man page. Go figure. I guess the question can at least help fellow Google-jockeys like me who get a little too used to googling and finding tutorials (that often explain things in layman's terms for us poor folks who have only used Windows our whole lives).

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• Checking for alternate keys with XNA IsKeyDown

  - by jocull

  I'm working on picking up XNA and this was a confusing point for me. KeyboardState keyState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) || keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { //Do stuff... } The book I'm using (Learning XNA 4.0, O'Rielly) says that this method accepts a bitwise OR series of keys, which I think should look like this... KeyboardState keyState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left | Keys.A)) { //Do stuff... } But I can't get it work. I also tried using !IsKeyUp(... | ...) as it said that all keys had to be down for it to be true, but had no luck with that either. Ideas? Thanks.

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• Update multiple rows with known keys without inserting new rows if nonexistent keys are found

  - by Kirzilla

  Hello, Let's imagine that we have table items... table: items item_id INT PRIMARY AUTO_INCREMENT title VARCHAR(255) views INT Let's imagine that it is filled with something like (1, item-1, 10), (2, item-2, 10), (3, item-3, 15) I want to make multi update view for this items from data taken from this array [item_id] = [views] '1' => '50', '2' => '60', '3' => '70', '5' => '10' IMPORTANT! Please note that we have item_id=5 in array, but we don't have item_id=5 in database. I can use INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, but this way image_id=5 will be inserted into talbe items. How to avoid inserting new key? I just want item_id=5 be skipped because it is not in table. Of course, before execution I can select existing keys from items table; then compare with keys in array; delete nonexistent keys and perform INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE. But maybe there is some more elegant solutions? Thank you.

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• PostgreSQL, Foreign Keys, Insert speed & Django

  - by Miles

  A few days ago, I ran into an unexpected performance problem with a pretty standard Django setup. For an upcoming feature, we have to regenerate a table hourly, containing about 100k rows of data, 9M on the disk, 10M indexes according to pgAdmin. The problem is that inserting them by whatever method literally takes ages, up to 3 minutes of 100% disk busy time. That's not something you want on a production site. It doesn't matter if the inserts were in a transaction, issued via plain insert, multi-row insert, COPY FROM or even INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2. After noticing this isn't Django's fault, I followed a trial and error route, and hey, the problem disappeared after dropping all foreign keys! Instead of 3 minutes, the INSERT INTO SELECT FROM took less than a second to execute, which isn't too surprising for a table <= 20M on the disk. What is weird is that PostgreSQL manages to slow down inserts by 180x just by using 3 foreign keys. Oh, disk activity was pure writing, as everything is cached in RAM; only writes go to the disks. It looks like PostgreSQL is working very hard to touch every row in the referred tables, as 3MB/sec * 180s is way more data than the 20MB this new table takes on disk. No WAL for the 180s case, I was testing in psql directly, in Django, add ~50% overhead for WAL logging. Tried @commit_on_success, same slowness, I had even implemented multi row insert and COPY FROM with psycopg2. That's another weird thing, how can 10M worth of inserts generate 10x 16M log segments? Table layout: id serial primary, a bunch of int32, 3 foreign keys to small table, 198 rows, 16k on disk large table, 1.2M rows, 59 data + 89 index MB on disk large table, 2.2M rows, 198 + 210MB So, am I doomed to either drop the foreign keys manually or use the table in a very un-Django way by defining saving bla_id x3 and skip using models.ForeignKey? I'd love to hear about some magical antidote / pg setting to fix this.

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• Joining Tables Based on Foreign Keys

  - by maestrojed

  I have a table that has a lot of fields that are foreign keys referencing a related table. I am writing a script in PHP that will do the db queries. When I query this table for its data I need to know the values associated with these keys not the key. How do most people go about this? A 101 way to do this would be to query this table for its data including the foreign keys and then query the related tables to get each key's value. This could be a lot of queries (~10). Question 1: I think I could write 1 query with a bunch of joins. Would that be better? This approach also requires the querying script to know which table fields are foreign keys. Since I have many tables like this but all with different fields, this means writing nice generic functions is hard. MySQL InnoDB tables allow for foreign constraints. I know the database has these set up correctly. Question 2: What about the idea of querying the table and identifying what the constraints are and then matching them up using whatever process I decide on from Question 1. I like this idea but never see it being used in code. Makes me think its not a good idea for some reason. I would use something like SHOW CREATE TABLE tbl_name; to find what constraints/relationships exist for that table. Thank you for any suggestions or advice.

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• Is the location of SSH keys on Windows fixed?

  - by user16654

  I read an article: Determine whether you've already generated SSH keys which says that ssh in Windows, keys are in C:\Documents and Settings\userName\Application Data\SSH\UserKeys\ but I have found the keys to be in C:\Documents and Settings\userName\Application Data.SSH . Is there a setting to determine where to put these keys or am I reading the wrong documentation or what?

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• Create automatically table that is composed by its primery key and 2 other foreign keys

  - by user210481

  I have table A with a primary id, a table B with a primary key id also and another table C with a primary key id and rows Aid and Bid where Aid and Bid are foreign keys of C and the primary keys of A and B respectively. One way of populating these DB would be populating table A, table B and table C separately. I would like to know if there is a more clever way of doing it, where I could populate A first and at the same time I populate B, I can indicate that an entry in C should be also created. Any idea and suggestion on how to populate them is welcome. I'm trying to take advantage of the foreign keys structure Thanks

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• Working with foreign keys - cannot insert

  - by Industrial

  Hi everyone! Doing my first tryouts with foreign keys in a mySQL database and are trying to do a insert, that fails for this reason: Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails Does this mean that foreign keys restrict INSERTS as well as DELETES and/or UPDATES on each table that is enforced with foreign keys relations? Thanks! Updated description: Products ---------------------------- id | type ---------------------------- 0 | 0 1 | 3 ProductsToCategories ---------------------------- productid | categoryid ---------------------------- 0 | 0 1 | 1 Product table has following structure CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `alpha`.`products` ( `id` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `type` TINYINT(2) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) , CONSTRAINT `prodsku` FOREIGN KEY (`id` ) REFERENCES `alpha`.`productsToSku` (`product` ) ON DELETE CASCADE, ON UPDATE CASCADE) ENGINE = InnoDB;

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• Backup those keys, citizen

  - by BuckWoody

  Periodically I back up the keys within my servers and databases, and when I do, I blog a reminder here. This should be part of your standard backup rotation – the keys should be backed up often enough to have at hand and again when they change. The first key you need to back up is the Service Master Key, which each Instance already has built-in. You do that with the BACKUP SERVICE MASTER KEY command, which you can read more about here. The second set of keys are the Database Master Keys, stored per database, if you’ve created one. You can back those up with the BACKUP MASTER KEY command, which you can read more about here. Finally, you can use the keys to create certificates and other keys – those should also be backed up. Read more about those here. Anyway, the important part here is the backup. Make sure you keep those keys safe! Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• Is there a canonical source supporting "all-surrogates"?

  - by user61852

  Background The "all-PK-must-be-surrogates" approach is not present in Codd's Relational Model or any SQL Standard (ANSI, ISO or other). Canonical books seems to elude this restrictions too. Oracle's own data dictionary scheme uses natural keys in some tables and surrogate keys in other tables. I mention this because these people must know a thing or two about RDBMS design. PPDM (Professional Petroleum Data Management Association) recommend the same canonical books do: Use surrogate keys as primary keys when: There are no natural or business keys Natural or business keys are bad ( change often ) The value of natural or business key is not known at the time of inserting record Multicolumn natural keys ( usually several FK ) exceed three columns, which makes joins too verbose. Also I have not found canonical source that says natural keys need to be immutable. All I find is that they need to be very estable, i.e need to be changed only in very rare ocassions, if ever. I mention PPDM because these people must know a thing or two about RDBMS design too. The origins of the "all-surrogates" approach seems to come from recommendations from some ORM frameworks. It's true that the approach allows for rapid database modeling by not having to do much business analysis, but at the expense of maintainability and readability of the SQL code. Much prevision is made for something that may or may not happen in the future ( the natural PK changed so we will have to use the RDBMS cascade update funtionality ) at the expense of day-to-day task like having to join more tables in every query and having to write code for importing data between databases, an otherwise very strightfoward procedure (due to the need to avoid PK colisions and having to create stage/equivalence tables beforehand ). Other argument is that indexes based on integers are faster, but that has to be supported with benchmarks. Obviously, long, varying varchars are not good for PK. But indexes based on short, fix-length varchar are almost as fast as integers. The questions - Is there any canonical source that supports the "all-PK-must-be-surrogates" approach ? - Has Codd's relational model been superceded by a newer relational model ?

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• RSA keys - virtual hosts

  - by Bosworth99

  Pardon my noobness, but I just got started with VPS (linux) hosting; setting up passwordless ssh for multiple users has proved to be kind of a pain. Currently I'm the single user of this ubuntu 10.04 LTS VPS (linode.com). I was able to establish a single rsa passkey under my home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys location. Fine. PuTTy works as expected, and Filezilla (sftp) links up as required. I've been working on a single site that this user owns, and thats not been a problem. Now, I want to set up some other sites, and I've chosen Webmin with the VirtualMin plugin to make this work. I made another user (or, rather, virtualmin did), but I've been unable to get FileZilla to link up to this new user. Could anyone with experience here explain what the setup is supposed to look like? IE - can I use a single rsa key pair for all accounts (if, for example, I give ownership of files to the original user?). Or is it standard practice to create a separate key pair for each user, and establish a separate putty/filezilla login for each? I've spent enough time dinking around with this to be frustrated. "Sever rejected the provided key" error sucks after the fifth hour. I'm about to set up an ftp server and call it a day. Any thoughts would be most welcome -

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• How do you hit modifier keys when touch typing?

  - by Bob Ueland

  I am a programmer and I want to learn to touch type. As all programmers know, using modifier keys like Control, Command and Alt are essential. When programming I think that every second or third word I use involves a modifier key. But most touch typing learning software do not address these keys, it is as if they do not exist. Not only do they not let you practice them, they do not even tell you which fingers to use to hit them. Actually there is a touch typing game that I use called StarTyper (http://lidenanna.com) that lets you practice modifier keys and even make up your own custom words containing modifier keys. But not even this game tells you which fingers to use when hitting the modifier keys. Has anybody addressed this problem. Or are there just homespun methods that work for one person but not for the other?

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• Foreign keys vs partitioning

  - by Industrial

  Hi! Since foreign keys are not supported by partitioned mySQL databases for the moment, I would like to hear some pro's and con's for a read-heavy application that will handle around 1-400 000 rows per table. Unfortunately, I dont have enough experience yet in this area to make the conclusion by myself... Thanks a lot! References: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1537219/how-to-handle-foreign-key-while-partitioning http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2496140/mysql-partitioning-with-foreign-keys

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• Sort array by keys of another array.

  - by marbrun

  Hello There are 2 arrays, both with the same length and with the same keys: $a1 = [1=>2000,65=>1354,103=>1787]; $a2 = [1=>'hello',65=>'hi',103=>'goodevening']; asort($a1); The keys of a1 and a2 are id's from a database. a1 gets sorted by value. Once sorted, how can we use the same sorting order in a2? Thanks!

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• NSTableView navigate with arrow keys

  - by Matt S.

  How can I navigate through my table view with the arrow keys. Much like setAction: or setDoubleAction, but with the arrow keys.

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• what web based tool, to allow a non-technical user to manage authorized keys files on a Linux (fedora/centos/ubuntu/debian) server

  - by Tom H

  (Edit: clarification below) We have a number of groups of developers that change frequently, and a security policy to require individual logins to servers using rsa or dsa public keys, which is achieved via the standard method of adding id_dsa.pub to their authorized keys file. I am using chef to sync the user accounts across machines, however our previous method of using webmin to manage the user passwords is not designed for key based auth, and hence is not easy to use for non-technical users. The developers are logging in from the WAN using ssh, they can either provide their own key, or an administrator will send them a private key. The development machines are located in the cloud and we have a single server available to host the master set of accounts. Obviously I could deploy ldap or other centralised authentication system, but that seems a bit over blown when webmin worked well for the simple case. It is easy to achieve synchronised users, groups and passwords across a bunch of low security development boxes using webmin clustered users and groups. However looking at the currently installed webmin it is not so easy to create the authorized keys as it is to create user accounts and passwords. (its possible, but its not easy - some functionality is in the usermin module, or would required some tedious steps) Ideally I'd like a web interface that is pretty much dedicated to creating users and groups, and can generate key pairs on the fly, and can accepted pasted in public keys to add to the users authorized keys file. If the tool sync'ed the users and keys as well, that would be great, but I can use chef to do that part if the accounts are created correctly on the "master" server.

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• [Linq to SQL] Multiple foreign keys to the same table

  - by cdonner

  I have a reference table with all sorts of controlled value lookup data for gender, address type, contact type, etc. Many tables have multiple foreign keys to this reference table I also have many-to-many association tables that have two foreign keys to the same table. Unfortunately, when these tables are pulled into a Linq model and the DBML is generated, SQLMetal does not look at the names of the foreign key columns, or the names of the constraints, but only at the target table. So I end up with members called Reference1, Reference2, ... not very maintenance-friendly. Example: <Association Name="tb_reference_tb_account" Member="tb_reference" <====== ThisKey="shipping_preference_type_id" OtherKey="id" Type="tb_reference" IsForeignKey="true" /> <Association Name="tb_reference_tb_account1" Member="tb_reference1" <====== ThisKey="status_type_id" OtherKey="id" Type="tb_reference" IsForeignKey="true" /> I can go into the DBML and manually change the member names, of course, but this would mean I can no longer round-trip my database schema. This is not an option at the current stage of the model, which is still evolving. Splitting the reference table into n individual tables is also not desirable. I can probably write a script that runs against the XML after each generation and replaces the member name with something derived from ThisKey (since I adhere to a naming convention for these types of keys). Has anybody found a better solution to this problem?

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• send arrow keys using ganymed ssh java

  - by José Ramón Pérez Rubio

  I am using Ganymed ssh to connect to a remote machine and apart from sending commands I need to send the arrows keys (left and right keys). I can send commands but when I send the arrows keys nothing happends. This is what I have: public boolean createShell() throws Exception { try { // ... m_session= connection.openSession(); m_commandWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(m_session.getStdin()); String encoding=m_commandWriter.getEncoding(); //encoding is UFT8 m_errorPipe=new SSHSyncPipe(m_session.getStderr()); m_outputPipe=new SSHSyncPipe(m_session.getStdout()); m_outputPipe.start(); m_errorPipe.start(); // m_session.requestPTY("bash"); m_session.requestDumbPTY(); m_session.startShell(); m_shellCreated=true; return true; } } So if I use m_commandWriter.write(ls"\r\n"); m_commandWriter.flush(); It works, but m_commandWriter.write(37);//37 is the code for left arrow m_commandWriter.flush(); Doesn't work. Does anyone know what I am doing wrong? Thank you

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• Foreign Keys and Primary Keys at the same time

  - by Bader

  hello , i am trying to create table (orderdetails) , the table has two FKs and PKs at the same keys here is my code create table OrderDetails2 ( PFOrder_ID Number(3) PFProduct_ID Number(3) CONSTRAINT PF PRIMARY KEY (PFOrder_ID,PFProduct_ID), CONSTRAINT FK_1 FOREIGN KEY (PFProudct_ID) REFERENCES Product(Product_ID), CONSTRAINT FK_2 FOREIGN KEY (PFOrder_ID) REFERENCES Orderr(Order_ID) ); i am using Oracle express , a problem pops when i run the code , here is it ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis what is the problem ?

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• How to re-enable function keys in byobu?

  - by Yang

  I was using byobu on Ubuntu 11.10 Server and I needed to hit a function key in an app, so I hit F9 to bring up the config menu and switched the keybinding set from "f-keys" to "screen-escape-keys". That worked, but now I can't re-enable all the f-keys. I found a program byobu-config that brings up the menu again, and I can switch back to screen keys from there. This fixes things for new screen processes, but the effect on the current screen session is weird: it disables the ctrl-a (screen) keys and restores F2-F8, but F9-F12 still don't do anything (they're just passed on to the foreground process). What's up with this? Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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• Can't make the Multimedia keys work in LXDE

  - by Uri Herrera

  I've tried to edit the configuration file in ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml however the changes don't take effect, i still can't use the keys. The LXDE wiki shows that after finding that my keyboard sends the correct standardized keyboard events i should go and edit the file to my liking, the keyboard does send the correct events and the keys are properly identified yet nothing happens. Since LXDE doesn't come with a sound preferences option i have installed xfce4-mixer. I too have a netbook running Lubuntu and it's media keys are working fine, i don't know if what i installed has had something to do here?. I also installed xfce4-volumed volume keys daemon from synaptic but to no avail, still nothing. How can i make the multimedia keys of my keyboard work in LXDE with xfce4-mixer Edit: Here is my lxde-rc.xml file

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• How to specify which keys CapsLock affects?

  - by Seattle Jörg

  Using Maverick, I am not able to get the CapsLock behaviour I want: I would like it to affect essentially the alphabetical, numerical, and punctuation keys, i.e. all the keys that print something (as opposed to, say, the error keys), but only them. To illuminate this with an example: when writing code that uses % as the symbol for a comment, I want to be able to position the cursor at the start of a range of lines I want to comment out, then hit CapsLock, then iteratively hit the 5 key (using QWERTZ, Shift+5 gives %) and the arrow down key, so that I can quickly place a % at the start of the lines. Ubuntu in default configuration takes CapsLock literally, so that it affects only alphabetic keys. Under Preferences/Keyboard/Layout/Options I can make it act as a pressed Shift, but then the action of the arrow keys is to select text. All the other options available are equivalent to one of these two in my case. Is it possible to somehow get this behaviour? This is standard in Windows.

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