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  • Is the “jQuery programming style” a kind of Reactive programming?

    - by Peter Krauss
    jQuery is a Javascript library and framework, but when we are programming with jQuery into DOM problems/solutions, we can practice a style quite different of programming... We can read about jQuery at Wikipedia, The set of jQuery core features — DOM element selections, traversal and manipulation —, enabled by its selector engine (...), created a new "programming style", fusing algorithms and DOM-data-structures This question is similar to the "subquestion-3" of this question but not so generic. The focus here is about this new kind of "programming style"... So, the question: Is the "jQuery programming style in DOM context" a new paradign? Or it is more one example of reactive programming (not "cell-oriented" but "DOM-node oriented") or another one? We have no "standard taxonomy of paradigms", so, please, in your answer, indicate also your "best choice for Wikipedia Paradign". Example: if you understand that "jQuery programming DOM" is like "awk filtering data", your choice can be event-driven.

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  • what exactly is system programming?

    - by kentjh
    I have never understood what system programming meant. The usual definition given is "...doing something close to the Os or extending Os features...". Does using Windows API directly rather than some libraries to say do file i/o make it system programming? Was writing Android OS system programming? If I write something that would expose linux kernel through a console like app on Android am I doing system programming? If I am writing software to control a washing machine am I writing system programming? I am a beginner in programming and this is confusing me to no end. Please explain contrasting it with "application programming".

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  • Which is the next dominant programming paradigm? [closed]

    - by Kugathasan Abimaran
    What is the next programming paradigm when OOP get lost in the market? Or else will OOP be for ever? What is your advise for the future developers? To which paradigm should we aware of? Because, before OOP, structured programming paradigm is there with C. Don't close it Please, because I need to aware, which paradigm have the ability to withstand in future? Aspect-oriented programming. Declarative programming. Functional programming. Object-oriented programming. Any Others? This describes programming paradigm according to their kernel language.

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  • What's the (hidden) cost of lazy val? (Scala)

    - by Jesper
    One handy feature of Scala is lazy val, where the evaluation of a val is delayed until it's necessary (at first access). Ofcourse a lazy val must have some overhead - somewhere Scala must keep track of whether the value has already been evaluated and the evaluation must be synchronized, because multiple threads might try to access the value for the first time at the same time. What exactly is the cost of a lazy val - is there a hidden boolean flag associated with a lazy val to keep track if it has been evaluated or not, what exactly is synchronized and are there any more costs? And a follow-up question: Suppose I do this: class Something { lazy val (x, y) = { ... } } Is this the same as having two separate lazy vals x and y or do I get the overhead only once, for the pair (x, y)?

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  • What is the purpose of OCaml's Lazy.lazy_from_val?

    - by Ricardo
    The doc of Lazy.lazy_from_val states that this function is for special cases: val lazy_from_val : 'a -> 'a t lazy_from_val v returns an already-forced suspension of v This is for special purposes only and should not be confused with lazy (v). Which cases are they talking about? If I create a pair of suspended computation from a value like: let l1 = lazy 123 let l2 = Lazy.lazy_from_val 123 What is the difference between these two? Because Lazy.lazy_is_val l1 and Lazy.lazy_is_val l2 both return true saying that the value is already forced!

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  • how a pure functional programming language manage without assignment statements?

    - by Gnijuohz
    When reading the famous SICP,I found the authors seem rather reluctant to introduce the assignment statement to Scheme in Chapter 3.I read the text and kind of understand why they feel so. As Scheme is the first functional programming language I ever know something about,I am kind of surprised that there are some functional programming languages(not Scheme of course) can do without assignments. Let use the example the book offers,the bank account example.If there is no assignment statement,how can this be done?How to change the balance variable?I ask so because I know there are some so-called pure functional languages out there and according to the Turing complete theory,this must can be done too. I learned C,Java,Python and use assignments a lot in every program I wrote.So it's really an eye-opening experience.I really hope someone can briefly explain how assignments are avoided in those functional programming languages and what profound impact(if any) it has on these languages. The example mentioned above is here: (define (make-withdraw balance) (lambda (amount) (if (>= balance amount) (begin (set! balance (- balance amount)) balance) "Insufficient funds"))) This changed the balance by set!.To me it looks a lot like a class method to change the class member balance. As I said,I am not familiar with functional programming languages,so if I said something wrong about them,feel free to point out.

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  • Should functional programming be taught before imperative programming?

    - by Zifre
    It seems to me that functional programming is a great thing. It eliminates state and makes it much easier to automatically make code run in parallel. Many programmers who were first taught imperative programming styles find it very difficult to learn functional programming, because it is so different. I began to wonder if programmers who were taught functional programming first would find it hard to begin imperative programming. It seems like it would not be as hard as the other way around, so I thought it would be a good thing if more programmers were taught functional programming first. So, my question is, should functional programming be taught in school before imperative, and if so, why is it not more common to start with it?

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  • How to join the World of Programming? [closed]

    - by litebread
    Name's Vlad and I am currently on my third year of Community College, studying Computer Science with emphasis on Programming in C++ and Networking. I have completed a few programming courses with general ease, but have not gained advanced understanding of programming through school. None of my friends are serious programmers working in the industry. Being an active lurker on many programming websites, and in general tech oriented sites I have noticed how little I know about the industry, the lingo and terminology. (I have no clue how Git hub works, but I generally understand what its for). So I am looking for help as to where I should look for information on the programming world and the industry in which I a very interested. By that I mean, what sites I should utilize to gain information on programming practices, introduction to advanced C++ and resources that simply introduce a 20some programming noob. I like programming, but I haven't dug my hands deep into it yet, I want to start to do so before I transfer to a University. All in all, where do I find information on becoming an actual programmer (Information that lays out a path). Thank you for reading. Have a great day!

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  • What could be my path? Networking, programming, or something else?

    - by momong
    Well first and foremost, I would like to give my brief description: I was an aviation student but I didn't pursue that path because I lost my interest. Now I'm an I.T. student and currently stopped schooling because of confusion. I don't know which path I should choose: could it be programming or networking? Someone told me that on networking the money is easy, the job is easy. Others told me that programming is best suited for me because I'm very skilled and excellent at figures. I want to chose networking, but I can't find my passion for it, my mind tells me but my heart doesn't... and on programming, I don't know which language I should pick or if I like it or not. A good mentor, even if only online, would be a very big plus to me, but I don't think if there are many who could spent their time on teaching a nobody... but I'm very eager to learn. My real passion is gaming! I want to work in the gaming industry, I want to be a man behind those games! I've been a gamer freak since birth. But I don't know how to get in to that industry. I don't know what to do. I don't know which path would really suit me. Sorry if some of you find this a pointless question, but please bear with me, this could be the turn of my life.

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  • First languages with generic programming support

    - by oluies
    Which was the first language with generic programming support, and what was the first major staticly typed language (widely used) with generics support. Generics implement the concept of parameterized types to allow for multiple types. The term generic means "pertaining to or appropriate to large groups of classes." I have seen the following mentions of "first": First-order parametric polymorphism is now a standard element of statically typed programming languages. Starting with System F [20,42] and functional programming lan- guages, the constructs have found their way into mainstream languages such as Java and C#. In these languages, first-order parametric polymorphism is usually called generics. From "Generics of a Higher Kind", Adriaan Moors, Frank Piessens, and Martin Odersky Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of to-be-specified-later types that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters. This approach, pioneered by Ada in 1983 From Wikipedia Generic Programming

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  • Programming Language, Turing Completeness and Turing Machine

    - by Amumu
    A programming language is said to be Turing Completeness if it can successfully simulate a universal TM. Let's take functional programming language for example. In functional programming, function has highest priority over anything. You can pass functions around like any primitives or objects. This is called first class function. In functional programming, your function does not produce side effect i.e. output strings onto screen, change the state of variables outside of its scope. Each function has a copy of its own objects if the objects are passed from the outside, and the copied objects are returned once the function finishes its job. Each function written purely in functional style is completely independent to anything outside of it. Thus, the complexity of the overall system is reduced. This is referred as referential transparency. In functional programming, each function can have its local variables kept its values even after the function exits. This is done by the garbage collector. The value can be reused the next time the function is called again. This is called memoization. A function usually should solve only one thing. It should model only one algorithm to answer a problem. Do you think that a function in a functional language with above properties simulate a Turing Machines? Functions (= algorithms = Turing Machines) are able to be passed around as input and returned as output. TM also accepts and simulate other TMs Memoization models the set of states of a Turing Machine. The memorized variables can be used to determine states of a TM (i.e. which lines to execute, what behavior should it take in a give state ...). Also, you can use memoization to simulate your internal tape storage. In language like C/C++, when a function exits, you lose all of its internal data (unless you store it elsewhere outside of its scope). The set of symbols are the set of all strings in a programming language, which is the higher level and human-readable version of machine code (opcode) Start state is the beginning of the function. However, with memoization, start state can be determined by memoization or if you want, switch/if-else statement in imperative programming language. But then, you can't Final accepting state when the function returns a value, or rejects if an exception happens. Thus, the function (= algorithm = TM) is decidable. Otherwise, it's undecidable. I'm not sure about this. What do you think? Is my thinking true on all of this? The reason I bring function in functional programming because I think it's closer to the idea of TM. What experience with other programming languages do you have which make you feel the idea of TM and the ideas of Computer Science in general? Can you specify how you think?

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  • First languages with generic programming support

    - by oluies
    Which was the first language with generic programming support, and what was the first major staticly typed language (widely used) with generics support. Generics implement the concept of parameterized types to allow for multiple types. The term generic means "pertaining to or appropriate to large groups of classes." I have seen the following mentions of "first": First-order parametric polymorphism is now a standard element of statically typed programming languages. Starting with System F [20,42] and functional programming lan- guages, the constructs have found their way into mainstream languages such as Java and C#. In these languages, first-order parametric polymorphism is usually called generics. From "Generics of a Higher Kind", Adriaan Moors, Frank Piessens, and Martin Odersky Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of to-be-specified-later types that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters. This approach, pioneered by Ada in 1983 From Wikipedia Generic Programming

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  • NHibernate - is property lazy loading possible?

    - by Ben
    I've got some binary data that I store and was going to separate this out into a separate table so it could be lazy loaded. However, i then came across this post by Ayende (http://ayende.com/Blog/archive/2010/01/27/nhibernate-new-feature-lazy-properties.aspx) which suggests that property lazy loading is now possible. I have added the lazy="true" attribute to my property mapping but the field is still loaded from the database (I am using a simple text field to test). My query: return _session.CreateQuery("from Product") .SetMaxResults(1) .UniqueResult<Product>(); Mapping: <property name="Description" type="string" column="FullDescription" lazy="true"/> Has anyone been able to get this working? Personally I prefer this approach than having to add another table to my database.

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  • Manually Trigger or Prevent Javascript Lazy Loading in Website from Bookmarklet

    - by stwhite
    One of the problems with using a bookmarklet for grabbing images on a page is that if a website uses lazy loading, the bookmarklet won't detect the image because it will have a placeholder, e.g. "grey.gif" and not the actual source of the image. Javascript on page load, is run to replace these urls. I'm looking for a solution to retrieve those images that are not being displayed by either triggering or preventing Lazy Loading from running. This bookmarklet isn't limited to one specific domain. So far some ideas I've had are: Ping the domain and retrieve the page html if no images are found the first time around: Problem: this then requires parsing the actual html. Problem: with lazy loading, a few images will always show, just none below the fold. Scroll page to initiate lazy loading when bookmarklet is clicked, then scroll back to top. Trigger Lazy Loading from inside bookmarklet using script. Lazy Loader adds the "original" attribute, potentially could check if attribute exists w/ value. Problem: ???

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  • Composing programs from small simple pieces: OOP vs Functional Programming

    - by Jay Godse
    I started programming when imperative programming languages such as C were virtually the only game in town for paid gigs. I'm not a computer scientist by training so I was only exposed to Assembler and Pascal in school, and not Lisp or Prolog. Over the 1990s, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) became more popular because one of the marketing memes for OOP was that complex programs could be composed of loosely coupled but well-defined, well-tested, cohesive, and reusable classes and objects. And in many cases that is quite true. Once I learned object-oriented programming my C programs became better because I structured them more like classes and objects. In the last few years (2008-2014) I have programmed in Ruby, an OOP language. However, Ruby has many functional programming (FP) features such as lambdas and procs, which enable a different style of programming using recursion, currying, lazy evaluation and the like. (Through ignorance I am at a loss to explain why these techniques are so great). Very recently, I have written code to use methods from the Ruby Enumerable library, such as map(), reduce(), and select(). Apparently this is a functional style of programming. I have found that using these methods significantly reduce code volume, and make my code easier to debug. Upon reading more about FP, one of the marketing claims made by advocates is that FP enables developers to compose programs out of small well-defined, well-tested, and reusable functions, which leads to less buggy code, and low code volume. QUESTIONS: Is the composition of complex program by using FP techniques contradictory to or complementary to composition of a complex program by using OOP techniques? In which situations is OOP more effective, and when is FP more effective? Is it possible to use both techniques in the same complex program? Do the techniques overlap or contradict each other?

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  • IQueryable and lazy loading

    - by Nelson
    I'm having a hard time determining the best way to handle this... With Entity Framework (and L2S), LINQ queries return IQueryable. I have read various opinions on whether the DAL/BLL should return IQueryable, IEnumerable or IList. Assuming we go with IList, then the query is run immediately and that control is not passed on to the next layer. This makes it easier to unit test, etc. You lose the ability to refine the query at higher levels, but you could simply create another method that allows you to refine the query and still return IList. And there are many more pros/cons. So far so good. Now comes Entity Framework and lazy loading. I am using POCO objects with proxies in .NET 4/VS 2010. In the presentation layer I do: foreach (Order order in bll.GetOrders()) { foreach (OrderLine orderLine in order.OrderLines) { // Do something } } In this case, GetOrders() returns IList so it executes immediately before returning to the PL. But in the next foreach, you have lazy loading which executes multiple SQL queries as it gets all the OrderLines. So basically, the PL is running SQL queries "on demand" in the wrong layer. Is there any sensible way to avoid this? I could turn lazy loading off, but then what's the point of having this "feature" that everyone was complaining EF1 didn't have? And I'll admit it is very useful in many scenarios. So I see several options: Somehow remove all associations in the entities and add methods to return them. This goes against the default EF behavior/code generation and makes it harder to do some composite (multiple entity) LINQ queries. It seems like a step backwards. I vote no. If we have lazy loading anyway which makes it hard to unit test, then go all the way and return IQueryable. You'll have more control farther up the layers. I still don't think this is a good option because IQueryable ties you to L2S, L2E, or your own full implementation of IQueryable. Lazy loading may run queries "on demand", but doesn't tie you to any specific interface. I vote no. Turn off lazy loading. You'll have to handle your associations manually. This could be with eager loading's .Include(). I vote yes in some specific cases. Keep IList and lazy loading. I vote yes in many cases, only due to the troubles with the others. Any other options or suggestions? I haven't found an option that really convinces me.

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  • New book in the style of Advanced Programming Language Design by R. A. Finkel [closed]

    - by mfellner
    I am currently researching visual programming language design for a university paper and came across Advanced Programming Language Design by Raphael A. Finkel from 1996. Other, older discussions in the same vein on Stackoverflow have mentioned Language Implementation Patterns by Terence Parr and Programming Language Pragmatics* by Michael L. Scott. I was wondering if there is even more (and especially up-to-date) literature on the general topic of programming language design. *) http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~scott/pragmatics/

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  • Game programming course materials: What should it include?

    - by Esa
    I am tasked to create the course materials for a game programming class, and I’d like your opinion on what aspects and areas of game programming, such as game state management, game object storing or simple AI, should I include in it? The course is intented to be the first step into game programming for students with novice skills in programming. There will be mathematics as well, but I found that there are multiple questions, with good answers, on that subject already.

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  • Code Monster Helps Introduce Kids (and Curious Adults) to the Basics of Programming

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    If you’re looking for a fun way to introduce a kid to programming (or sate your own curiosity), Crunchzilla’s Code Monster is a real-time introduction to basic programming concepts. How does Code Monster work? Users are guided through the programming experience (using JavaScript) by a talkative blue monster that asks questions about the code and suggests courses of action. Play long enough and you travel from simple variables to more complex ideas like conditionals, expressions, and more. It’s not a comprehensive programming curriculum (nor does it claim to be) but it’s a great way to introduce people of all ages to programming. Hit up the link below to take it for a spin. Code Monster [via O'Reilly Radar] 8 Deadly Commands You Should Never Run on Linux 14 Special Google Searches That Show Instant Answers How To Create a Customized Windows 7 Installation Disc With Integrated Updates

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  • From Imperative to Functional Programming

    - by user66569
    As an Electronic Engineer, my programming experience started with Assembly and continue with PL/M, C, C++, Delphi, Java, C# among others (imperative programming is in my blood). I'm interested in add to my previous knowledge, skills about functional programming, but all I've seen until now seems very obfuscated and esoteric. Can you please answer me these questions? 1) What is the mainstream functional programming language today (I don't want to get lost myself studying a plethora of FP languages, just because language X has the feature Y)? 2) What was the first FP language (the Fortran of functional programming if you want)? 3) Finally, when talking about pure vs. non pure FP what are the mainstream languages of each category? Thank you in advance

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  • Is Lazy Loading required for nHibernate?

    - by johnny
    It took me a long time but I finally got nHibernate's Hello World to work. It worked after I did "lazy loading." Honestly, I couldn't tell you why it all worked, but it did and now I am reading you don't need lazy loading. Is there a hello world that anyone has that is bare bones making nHibernate work? Do you have to have lazy loading? I ask because I would like to use nHibernate but I need to understand how things are working. Thank you. Do you know of a hello world that doesn't have so much overhead? Is it better to use lazy loading? EDIT: I am using asp.net 3.5. Web Application Project.

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