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• how to use @ in python.. and the @property and the @classmethods

  - by zjm1126

  this is my code: def a(): print 'sss' @a() def b(): print 'aaa' b() and the Traceback is: sss Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 8, in <module> @a() TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable so how to use the '@' thanks updated class a: @property def b(x): print 'sss' aa=a() print aa.b it print : sss None how to use @property thanks updated2 and the classmethods: class a: @classmethods def b(x): print 'sss' aa=a() print aa.b the Traceback is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 5, in <module> class a: File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 6, in a @classmethods NameError: name 'classmethods' is not defined

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• Python - Subprocess Popen and Thread error

  - by n0idea

  In both functions record and ftp, i have subprocess.Popen if __name__ == '__main__': try: t1 = threading.Thread(target = record) t1.daemon = True t1.start() t2 = threading.Thread(target = ftp) t2.daemon = True t2.start() except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): sys.exit() The error I'm receiving is: Exception in thread Thread-1 (most likely raised during interpreter shutdown): Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 551, in __bootstrap_inner File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 504, in run File "./in.py", line 20, in recordaudio File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 493, in call File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 679, in __init__ File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1237, in _execute_child <type 'exceptions.AttributeError'>: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'close' What might the issue be ?

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• How to enable i18n from within setup_app in websetup.py ? (formatted resend)

  - by daniel

  From within the setup_app function (websetup.py) of a pylons i18n application, which is making use of a db, I was trying to initiate multilingual content to be inserted into the db. To do so the idea was something like: #necessary imports here def setup_app(command, conf, vars): .... for lang in langs: set_lang(lang) content=model.Content() content.content=_('content') Session.add(content) Session.commit() Unfortunately it seems that it doesn't work. the set_lang code line is firing an exception as follows: File ".. i18n/translation.py", line 179, in set_lang translator = _get_translator(lang, **kwargs) File ".. i18n/translation.py", line 160, in _get_translator localedir = os.path.join(rootdir, 'i18n') File ".. /posixpath.py", line 67, in join elif path == '' or path.endswith('/'): AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'endswith' Actually I'm even not sure it could be possible launching i18n mechanisms from within this setup_app function without an active request object. Anyone has tried some trick on a similar story ?

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• Empty dict-like collection problem in SQLAlchemy

  - by maksymko

  I have a mapping in SQLAlchemy that looks like this: t_property_value = sa.Table('property_value', MetaData, autoload = True, autoload_with = engine) orm.mapper(PropertyValue, t_property_value) t_estate = sa.Table('estate', MetaData, autoload = True, autoload_with = engine) orm.mapper(Estate, t_estate, properties = dict( property_hash = orm.relation(PropertyValue, collection_class = column_mapped_collection(t_property_value.c.property_id)) )) Now, everything seems to be fine, when I load the Estate object and it has some relations to PropertyValue objects. However, when it does not, then property_hash attribute is None, instead of being something dict-like, so I can not add new relations like this: estate.property_hash[prop_id] = PropertyValue(...) because I get the "'NoneType' object does not support item assignment" error. So, is there any way to force SQLAlchemy to create proper empty collection?

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• Referencing other modules in atexit

  - by Dmitry Risenberg

  I have a function that is responsible for killing a child process when the program ends: class MySingleton: def __init__(self): import atexit atexit.register(self.stop) def stop(self): os.kill(self.sel_server_pid, signal.SIGTERM) However I get an error message when this function is called: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.5/atexit.py", line 24, in _run_exitfuncs func(*targs, **kargs) File "/home/commando/Development/Diploma/streaminatr/stream/selenium_tests.py", line 66, in stop os.kill(self.sel_server_pid, signal.SIGTERM) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'kill' Looks like the os and signal modules get unloaded before atexit is called. Re-importing them solves the problem, but this behaviour seems weird to me - these modules are imported before I register my handler, so why are they unloaded before my own exit handler runs?

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• Python .app doesn't read .txt file like it should

  - by Bambo

  This question relates to this one: Python app which reads and writes into its current working directory as a .app/exe i got the path to the .txt file fine however now when i try to open it and read the contents it seems that it doesn't extract the data properly. Here's my code - http://pastie.org/4876896 These are the errors i'm getting: 30/09/2012 10:28:49.103 [0x0-0x4e04e].org.pythonmac.unspecified.main: for index, item in enumerate( lines ): # iterate through lines 30/09/2012 10:28:49.103 [0x0-0x4e04e].org.pythonmac.unspecified.main: TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable I kind of understand what the errors mean however i'm not sure why they are being flagged up because if i run my script with it not in a .app form it doesn't get these errors and extracts the data fine.

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• Subprocess with variables & Command from different class

  - by Pastelinux

  source: http://pastebin.com/utL7Ebeq My thinking is that if i run from controller class "main" it will allow me to take the "data" from Class "model", def "filename". It doesn't seem to work. As you can see below what i mean class Controller: def __init__(self): self.model = Model() self.view = View() def main(self): data = self.model.filename() self.view.tcpdump(data) class View: def tcpdump(self, command): subprocess.call(command.split(), shell=False) When i run my code i get this error: subprocess.call(command.split(), shell=False) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split' My guess means that its not picking up command (look at source for reference) or that its not getting command with variables. But i know the error when variables are not being picked up so i don't think it is that. My question is, from what i have thus far, how do i from "class view" grab "command" for my subprocesses to run. Thanks~ John Riselvato

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• Many-to-one relationship in SQLAlchemy

  - by Arrieta

  This is a beginner-level question. I have a catalog of mtypes: mtype_id name 1 'mtype1' 2 'mtype2' [etc] and a catalog of Objects, which must have an associated mtype: obj_id mtype_id name 1 1 'obj1' 2 1 'obj2' 3 2 'obj3' [etc] I am trying to do this in SQLAlchemy by creating the following schemas: mtypes_table = Table('mtypes', metadata, Column('mtype_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(50), nullable=False, unique=True), ) objs_table = Table('objects', metadata, Column('obj_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('mtype_id', None, ForeignKey('mtypes.mtype_id')), Column('name', String(50), nullable=False, unique=True), ) mapper(MType, mtypes_table) mapper(MyObject, objs_table, properties={'mtype':Relationship(MType, backref='objs', cascade="all, delete-orphan")} ) When I try to add a simple element like: mtype1 = MType('mtype1') obj1 = MyObject('obj1') obj1.mtype=mtype1 session.add(obj1) I get the error: AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'cascade_iterator' Any ideas?

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• Adding a method to a function object at runtime

  - by Carson Myers

  I read a question earlier asking if there was a times method in Python, that would allow a function to be called n times in a row. Everyone suggested for _ in range(n): foo() but I wanted to try and code a different solution using a function decorator. Here's what I have: def times(self, n, *args, **kwargs): for _ in range(n): self.__call__(*args, **kwargs) import new def repeatable(func): func.times = new.instancemethod(times, func, func.__class__) @repeatable def threeArgs(one, two, three): print one, two, three threeArgs.times(7, "one", two="rawr", three="foo") When I run the program, I get the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 244, in run_nodebug File "C:\py\repeatable.py", line 24, in threeArgs.times(7, "one", two="rawr", three="foo") AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'times' So I suppose the decorator didn't work? How can I fix this?

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• Problems with 'while' loop and 'for' loop when reading through file

  - by David Beckham

  I wasted plenty of hours trying to figure out the problem but no luck. Tried asking the TA at my school, but he was useless. I am a beginner and I know there are a lot of mistakes in it, so it would be great if I can get some detail explanation as well. Anyways, basically what I am trying to do with the following function is: Use while loop to check and see if random_string is in TEXT, if not return NoneType if yes, then use a for loop to read lines from that TEXT and put it in list, l1. then, write an if statement to see if random_string is in l1. if it is, then do some calculations. else read the next line Finally, return the calculations as a whole. TEXT = open('randomfile.txt') def random (TEXT, random_string): while random_string in TEXT: for lines in TEXT: l1=TEXT.readline().rsplit() if random_string in l1: ''' do some calculations ''' else: TEXT.readline() #read next line??? return #calculations return None

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• Mercurial fails while commiting/updating/etc. using Mercuriual+TrueCrypt+MAC

  - by lukewar

  While trying to work with Mercurial on project located on TrueCrypt partition I always get en error as follows: ** unknown exception encountered, details follow ** report bug details to http://mercurial.selenic.com/bts/ ** or [email protected] ** Mercurial Distributed SCM (version 1.5.2+20100502) ** Extensions loaded: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/bin/hg", line 27, in mercurial.dispatch.run() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 16, in run sys.exit(dispatch(sys.argv[1:])) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 30, in dispatch return _runcatch(u, args) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 50, in _runcatch return _dispatch(ui, args) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 470, in _dispatch return runcommand(lui, repo, cmd, fullargs, ui, options, d) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 340, in runcommand ret = _runcommand(ui, options, cmd, d) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 521, in _runcommand return checkargs() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 475, in checkargs return cmdfunc() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 469, in d = lambda: util.checksignature(func)(ui, *args, **cmdoptions) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/util.py", line 401, in check return func(*args, **kwargs) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/commands.py", line 3332, in update return hg.update(repo, rev) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/hg.py", line 362, in update stats = _merge.update(repo, node, False, False, None) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/merge.py", line 495, in update _checkunknown(wc, p2) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/merge.py", line 77, in _checkunknown for f in wctx.unknown(): File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/context.py", line 660, in unknown return self._status[4] File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/util.py", line 156, in get result = self.func(obj) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/context.py", line 622, in _status return self._repo.status(unknown=True) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/localrepo.py", line 1023, in status if (f not in ctx1 or ctx2.flags(f) != ctx1.flags(f) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/context.py", line 694, in flags flag = findflag(self._parents[0]) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/context.py", line 690, in findflag return ff(path) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dirstate.py", line 145, in f if 'x' in fallback(x): TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable It is worth mention that Mercurial works perfectly if project is not located on TrueCrypt partition. Configuration: MacOS X 10.6.3 Mercurial Distributed SCM (version 1.5.2+20100502) Python 2.6.5 Have anyone of you generous people able to help me? :)

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• Base class deleted before subclass during python __del__ processing

  - by Oddthinking

  Context I am aware that if I ask a question about Python destructors, the standard argument will be to use contexts instead. Let me start by explaining why I am not doing that. I am writing a subclass to logging.Handler. When an instance is closed, it posts a sentinel value to a Queue.Queue. If it doesn't, a second thread will be left running forever, waiting for Queue.Queue.get() to complete. I am writing this with other developers in mind, so I don't want a failure to call close() on a handler object to cause the program to hang. Therefore, I am adding a check in __del__() to ensure the object was closed properly. I understand circular references may cause it to fail in some circumstances. There's not a lot I can do about that. Problem Here is some simple example code: explicit_delete = True class Base: def __del__(self): print "Base class cleaning up." class Sub(Base): def __del__(self): print "Sub-class cleaning up." Base.__del__(self) x = Sub() if explicit_delete: del x print "End of thread" When I run this I get, as expected: Sub-class cleaning up. Base class cleaning up. End of thread If I set explicit_delete to False in the first line, I get: End of thread Sub-class cleaning up. Exception AttributeError: "'NoneType' object has no attribute '__del__'" in <bound method Sub.__del__ of <__main__.Sub instance at 0x00F0B698>> ignored It seems the definition of Base is removed before the x._del_() is called. The Python Documentation on _del_() warns that the subclass needs to call the base-class to get a clean deletion, but here that appears to be impossible. Can you see where I made a bad step?

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• PL/PGSQL function, having trouble accessing a returned result set from psycopg2...

  - by Paul

  I have this pl/pgsql function: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_result(id integer) RETURNS SETOF my_table AS $ DECLARE result_set my_table%ROWTYPE; BEGIN IF id=0 THEN SELECT INTO result_set my_table_id, my_table_value FROM my_table; ELSE SELECT INTO result_set my_table_id, my_table_value FROM my_table WHERE my_table_id=id; END IF; RETURN; END; $ LANGUAGE plpgsql; I am trying to use this with Python's psycopg2 library. Here is the python code: import psycopg2 as pg conn = pg.connect(host='myhost', database='mydatabase', user='user', password='passwd') cur = conn.cursor() return cur.execute("SELECT * FROM get_result(0);") # returns NoneType However, if i just do the regular query, I get the correct set of rows back: ... return cur.execute("SELECT my_table_id, my_table_value FROM mytable;") # returns iterable result set Theres obviously something wrong with my pl/pgsql function, but I can't seem to get it right. I also tried using RETURN result_set; instead of just RETURN in the 10th line of my plpgsql function, but got an error from postgres.

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• Google App Engine Needs Index Error

  - by Andrew Johnson

  I am currently getting a needs index error on my app engine app: http://www.gaiagps.com/wiki/home. I believe this index should have been created automatically by my index.yaml file (see below). Googling a bit, I think I just need to wait for my index to be built. Is this correct, or do I need to do something manually? Is there some sort of index-building queue? My tables are very, very small right now. EDIT: I added the line "indexes:" to my app.yaml, and now app engine reports the index is building, so I think this is fixed. It's weird that this file was wrong considering I've never touched it. indexes: # AUTOGENERATED # This index.yaml is automatically updated whenever the dev_appserver # detects that a new type of query is run. If you want to manage the # index.yaml file manually, remove the above marker line (the line # saying "# AUTOGENERATED"). If you want to manage some indexes # manually, move them above the marker line. The index.yaml file is # automatically uploaded to the admin console when you next deploy # your application using appcfg.py. - kind: Revision properties: - name: name - name: created The app works on my dev server, but not in production. However, on my dev console, I have noticed this error (EDIT: THIS ERROR IS GONE NOW THAT I ADDED indexes: to the app.yaml file above): ERROR 2009-10-18 04:46:51,908 dev_appserver_index.py:176] Error parsing /gaiagps.com/index.yaml: 'NoneType' object is not callable in "<string>", line 13, column 3: - kind: Revision ^

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• python-iptables: Cryptic error when allowing incoming TCP traffic on port 1234

  - by Lucas Kauffman

  I wanted to write an iptables script in Python. Rather than calling iptables itself I wanted to use the python-iptables package. However I'm having a hard time getting some basic rules setup. I wanted to use the filter chain to accept incoming TCP traffic on port 1234. So I wrote this: import iptc chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.TABLE_FILTER,"INPUT") rule = iptc.Rule() target = iptc.Target(rule,"ACCEPT") match = iptc.Match(rule,'tcp') match.dport='1234' rule.add_match(match) rule.target = target chain.insert_rule(rule) However when I run this I get this thrown back at me: Traceback (most recent call last): File "testing.py", line 9, in <module> chain.insert_rule(rule) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1133, in insert_rule self.table.insert_entry(self.name, rbuf, position) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1166, in new obj.refresh() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1230, in refresh self._free() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1224, in _free self.commit() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1219, in commit raise IPTCError("can't commit: %s" % (self.strerror())) iptc.IPTCError: can't commit: Invalid argument Exception AttributeError: "'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get_errno'" in <bound method Table.__del__ of <iptc.Table object at 0x7fcad56cc550>> ignored Does anyone have experience with python-iptables that could enlighten on what I did wrong?

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• forms problem in django 1.1

  - by alexarsh

  I have the following form: class ModuleItemForm2(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Module_item fields = ('title', 'media', 'thumb', 'desc', 'default', 'player_option') The model is: class Module_item(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) layout = models.CharField(max_length=5, choices=LAYOUTS_CHOICE) media = models.CharField(help_text='Media url', max_length=500, blank=True, null=True) conserv = models.ForeignKey(Conserv, help_text= 'Redirect to Conserv', blank=True, null=True) conserve_section = models.CharField(max_length=100, help_text= 'Section within the redirected Conserv', blank=True, null=True) parent = models.ForeignKey('self', help_text='Upper menu.', blank=True, null=True) module = models.ForeignKey(Module, blank=True, null=True) thumb = models.FileField(upload_to='sms/module_items/thumbs', blank=True, null=True) desc = models.CharField(max_length=500, blank=True, null=True) auto_play = models.IntegerField(help_text='Auto start play (miliseconds)', blank=True, null=True) order = models.IntegerField(help_text='Display order', blank=True, null=True) depth = models.IntegerField(help_text='The layout depth', blank=True, null=True) flow_replace = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) default = models.IntegerField(help_text='The selected sub item (Note: Starting from 0)', blank=True, null=True) player_options = models.CharField(max_length=1000, null=True, blank=True) In my view I build form: module_item_form2 = ModuleItemForm2() print module_item_form2 And I get the following error on the print line: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'label' It works fine with django 1.0.2. I see the error only in django 1.1. Do you have an idea what am I doing wrong? Regards, Arshavski Alexander.

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• Installing PyGraphViz on Windows, Python 2.7

  - by user574043

  I can't install pygraphviz on Windows XP. I'm using Python27. Before to launch the setup I've changet these two variables of the setup.py file library_path="C:\\Archivos de programa\\Graphviz 2.28\\bin" include_path="C:\\Archivos de programa\\Graphviz 2.28\\include\\graphviz" Then I've launched the setup. I'm using mingw32 as a compiler. I don't know what can I do now. I'm using the following command: C:\Python27\pygraphviz-1.1>c:\python27\python setup.py build -c mingw32 And I've got the folling result library_path=C:\Archivos de programa\Graphviz 2.28\bin include_path=C:\Archivos de programa\Graphviz 2.28\include\graphviz running build running build_py running build_ext building 'pygraphviz._graphviz' extension C:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe -mno-cygwin -mdll -O -Wall "-IC:\Archivos de programa\Graphviz 2.28\include\graphviz" -Ic:\python27\include -Ic:\python 27\PC -c pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.c -o build\temp.win32-2.7\Release\pygraphviz\graphviz_wrap.o pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.c: In function 'agattr_label': pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.c:2855:5: warning: return makes integer from pointer without a cast writing build\temp.win32-2.7\Release\pygraphviz\_graphviz.def Traceback (most recent call last): File "setup.py", line 146, in <module> package_data = package_data File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\core.py", line 152, in setup dist.run_commands() File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 953, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 972, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 127, in run self.run_command(cmd_name) File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 326, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 972, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 340, in run self.build_extensions() File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 449, in build_extensions self.build_extension(ext) File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 531, in build_extension target_lang=language) File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\ccompiler.py", line 741, in link_shared_object extra_preargs, extra_postargs, build_temp, target_lang) File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\cygwinccompiler.py", line 260, in link target_lang) File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\unixccompiler.py", line 218, in link libraries) File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\ccompiler.py", line 1121, in gen_lib_options opt = compiler.runtime_library_dir_option(dir) File "c:\python27\lib\distutils\unixccompiler.py", line 285, in runtime_library_dir_option compiler = os.path.basename(sysconfig.get_config_var("CC")) File "c:\python27\lib\ntpath.py", line 198, in basename return split(p)[1] File "c:\python27\lib\ntpath.py", line 170, in split d, p = splitdrive(p) File "c:\python27\lib\ntpath.py", line 125, in splitdrive if p[1:2] == ':': TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable Any idea on how to solve it over windows? In other computer with Ubuntu I've installed without problems.

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• Beautifulsoup recursive attribute

  - by Marcos Placona

  Hi, trying to parse an XML with Beautifulsoup, but hit a brick wall when trying to use the "recursive" attribute with findall() I have a pretty odd xml format shown below: <?xml version="1.0"?> <catalog> <book id="bk101"> <author>Gambardella, Matthew</author> <title>XML Developer's Guide</title> <genre>Computer</genre> <price>44.95</price> <publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date> <description>An in-depth look at creating applications with XML.</description> <catalog>true</catalog> </book> <book id="bk102"> <author>Ralls, Kim</author> <title>Midnight Rain</title> <genre>Fantasy</genre> <price>5.95</price> <publish_date>2000-12-16</publish_date> <description>A former architect battles corporate zombies, an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen of the world.</description> <catalog>false</catalog> </book> </catalog> As you can see, the catalog tag repeats inside the book tag, which causes an error when I try to to something like: from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulStoneSoup as BSS catalog = "catalog.xml" def open_rss(): f = open(catalog, 'r') return f.read() def rss_parser(): rss_contents = open_rss() soup = BSS(rss_contents) items = soup.findAll('catalog', recursive=False) for item in items: print item.title.string rss_parser() As you will see, on my soup.findAll I've added recursive=false, which in theory would make it no recurse through the item found, but skip to the next one. This doesn't seem to work, as I always get the following error: File "catalog.py", line 17, in rss_parser print item.title.string AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'string' I'm sure I'm doing something stupid here, and would appreciate if someone could give me some help on how to solve this problem. Changing the HTML structure is not an option, this this code needs to perform well as it will potentially parse a large XML file. Thanks in advance, Marcos

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• How to install pip/easy_install on debian 6 for python3.2

  - by atomAltera

  I'm trying to install pip or setup tools form python 3.2 in debian 6. First case: apt-get install python3-pip...OK python3 easy_install.py webob Searching for webob Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/webob/ Reading http://webob.org/ Reading http://pythonpaste.org/webob/ Best match: WebOb 1.2.2 Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/W/WebOb/WebOb-1.2.2.zip#md5=de0f371b46554709ce5b93c088a11cae Processing WebOb-1.2.2.zip Traceback (most recent call last): File "easy_install.py", line 5, in <module> main() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1931, in main with_ei_usage(lambda: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1912, in with_ei_usage return f() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1935, in <lambda> distclass=DistributionWithoutHelpCommands, **kw File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup dist.run_commands() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 917, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 936, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 368, in run self.easy_install(spec, not self.no_deps) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 608, in easy_install return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 638, in install_item dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 799, in install_eggs unpack_archive(dist_filename, tmpdir, self.unpack_progress) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/archive_util.py", line 67, in unpack_archive driver(filename, extract_dir, progress_filter) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/archive_util.py", line 154, in unpack_zipfile data = z.read(info.filename) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/zipfile.py", line 891, in read with self.open(name, "r", pwd) as fp: File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/zipfile.py", line 980, in open close_fileobj=not self._filePassed) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/zipfile.py", line 489, in __init__ self._decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(-15) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'decompressobj' Second case: from http://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute#installation-instructions python3 distribute_setup.py Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz Extracting in /tmp/tmpv6iei2 Traceback (most recent call last): File "distribute_setup.py", line 515, in <module> main(sys.argv[1:]) File "distribute_setup.py", line 511, in main _install(tarball, _build_install_args(argv)) File "distribute_setup.py", line 73, in _install tar = tarfile.open(tarball) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/tarfile.py", line 1746, in open raise ReadError("file could not be opened successfully") tarfile.ReadError: file could not be opened successfully Third case: from http://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute#installation-instructions tar -xzvf distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz cd distribute-0.6.28 python3 setup.py install Before install bootstrap. Scanning installed packages No setuptools distribution found running install running bdist_egg running egg_info writing distribute.egg-info/PKG-INFO writing top-level names to distribute.egg-info/top_level.txt writing dependency_links to distribute.egg-info/dependency_links.txt writing entry points to distribute.egg-info/entry_points.txt reading manifest file 'distribute.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' writing manifest file 'distribute.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg running install_lib running build_py copying distribute.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying distribute.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying distribute.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying distribute.egg-info/entry_points.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying distribute.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO creating 'dist/distribute-0.6.28-py3.2.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it Traceback (most recent call last): File "setup.py", line 220, in <module> scripts = scripts, File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup dist.run_commands() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 917, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 936, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "build/src/setuptools/command/install.py", line 73, in run self.do_egg_install() File "build/src/setuptools/command/install.py", line 93, in do_egg_install self.run_command('bdist_egg') File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/distutils/dist.py", line 936, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "build/src/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 241, in run dry_run=self.dry_run, mode=self.gen_header()) File "build/src/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 542, in make_zipfile z = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, mode, compression=compression) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/zipfile.py", line 689, in __init__ "Compression requires the (missing) zlib module") RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module zlib1g-dev installed Help me please

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• Returning a list from a function in Python

  - by Jasper

  Hi, I'm creating a game for my sister, and I want a function to return a list variable, so I can pass it to another variable. The relevant code is as follows: def startNewGame(): while 1: #Introduction: print print """Hello, You will now be guided through the setup process. There are 7 steps to this. You can cancel setup at any time by typing 'cancelSetup' Thankyou""" #Step 1 (Name): print print """Step 1 of 7: Type in a name for your PotatoHead: """ inputPHName = raw_input('|Enter Name:|') if inputPHName == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 2 (Gender): print print """Step 2 of 7: Choose the gender of your PotatoHead: input either 'm' or 'f' """ inputPHGender = raw_input('|Enter Gender:|') if inputPHGender == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 3 (Colour): print print """Step 3 of 7: Choose the colour your PotatoHead will be: Only Red, Blue, Green and Yellow are currently supported """ inputPHColour = raw_input('|Enter Colour:|') if inputPHColour == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 4 (Favourite Thing): print print """Step 4 of 7: Type your PotatoHead's favourite thing: """ inputPHFavThing = raw_input('|Enter Favourite Thing:|') if inputPHFavThing == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() # Step 5 (First Toy): print print """Step 5 of 7: Choose a first toy for your PotatoHead: """ inputPHFirstToy = raw_input('|Enter First Toy:|') if inputPHFirstToy == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 6 (Check stats): while 1: print print """Step 6 of 7: Check the following details to make sure that they are correct: """ print print """Name:\t\t\t""" + inputPHName + """ Gender:\t\t\t""" + inputPHGender + """ Colour:\t\t\t""" + inputPHColour + """ Favourite Thing:\t""" + inputPHFavThing + """ First Toy:\t\t""" + inputPHFirstToy + """ """ print print "Enter 'y' or 'n'" inputMCheckStats = raw_input('|Is this information correct?|') if inputMCheckStats == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() elif inputMCheckStats == 'y': break elif inputMCheckStats == 'n': print "Re-enter info: ..." print break else: "The value you entered was incorrect, please re-enter your choice" if inputMCheckStats == 'y': break #Step 7 (Define variables for the creation of the PotatoHead): MFCreatePH = [] print print """Step 7 of 7: Your PotatoHead will now be created... Creating variables... """ MFCreatePH = [inputPHName, inputPHGender, inputPHColour, inputPHFavThing, inputPHFirstToy] time.sleep(1) print "inputPHName" print time.sleep(1) print "inputPHFirstToy" print return MFCreatePH print "Your PotatoHead varibles have been successfully created!" Then it is passed to another function that was imported from another module from potatohead import * ... welcomeMessage() MCreatePH = startGame() myPotatoHead = PotatoHead(MCreatePH) the code for the PotatoHead object is in the potatohead.py module which was imported above, and is as follows: class PotatoHead: #Initialise the PotatoHead object: def __init__(self, data): self.data = data #Takes the data from the start new game function - see main.py #Defines the PotatoHead starting attributes: self.name = data[0] self.gender = data[1] self.colour = data[2] self.favouriteThing = data[3] self.firstToy = data[4] self.age = '0.0' self.education = [self.eduScience, self.eduEnglish, self.eduMaths] = '0.0', '0.0', '0.0' self.fitness = '0.0' self.happiness = '10.0' self.health = '10.0' self.hunger = '0.0' self.tiredness = 'Not in this version' self.toys = [] self.toys.append(self.firstToy) self.time = '0' #Sets data lists for saving, loading and general use: self.phData = (self.name, self.gender, self.colour, self.favouriteThing, self.firstToy) self.phAdvData = (self.name, self.gender, self.colour, self.favouriteThing, self.firstToy, self.age, self.education, self.fitness, self.happiness, self.health, self.hunger, self.tiredness, self.toys) However, when I run the program this error appears: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/Jasper/Documents/Programming/Potato Head Game/Current/main.py", line 158, in <module> myPotatoHead = PotatoHead(MCreatePH) File "/Users/Jasper/Documents/Programming/Potato Head Game/Current/potatohead.py", line 15, in __init__ self.name = data[0] TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable What am i doing wrong? -----EDIT----- The program finishes as so: Step 7 of 7: Your PotatoHead will now be created... Creating variables... inputPHName inputPHFirstToy Then it goes to the Tracback -----EDIT2----- This is the EXACT code I'm running in its entirety: #+--------------------------------------+# #| main.py |# #| A main module for the Potato Head |# #| Game to pull the other modules |# #| together and control through user |# #| input |# #| Author: |# #| Date Created / Modified: |# #| 3/2/10 | 20/2/10 |# #+--------------------------------------+# Tested: No #Import the required modules: import time import random import sys from potatohead import * from toy import * #Start the Game: def welcomeMessage(): print "----- START NEW GAME -----------------------" print "==Print Welcome Message==" print "loading... \t loading... \t loading..." time.sleep(1) print "loading..." time.sleep(1) print "LOADED..." print; print; print; print """Hello, Welcome to the Potato Head Game. In this game you can create a Potato Head, and look after it, like a Virtual Pet. This game is constantly being updated and expanded. Please look out for updates. """ #Choose whether to start a new game or load a previously saved game: def startGame(): while 1: print "--------------------" print """ Choose an option: New_Game or Load_Game """ startGameInput = raw_input('>>> >') if startGameInput == 'New_Game': startNewGame() break elif startGameInput == 'Load_Game': print "This function is not yet supported" print "Try Again" print else: print "You must have mistyped the command: Type either 'New_Game' or 'Load_Game'" print #Set the new game up: def startNewGame(): while 1: #Introduction: print print """Hello, You will now be guided through the setup process. There are 7 steps to this. You can cancel setup at any time by typing 'cancelSetup' Thankyou""" #Step 1 (Name): print print """Step 1 of 7: Type in a name for your PotatoHead: """ inputPHName = raw_input('|Enter Name:|') if inputPHName == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 2 (Gender): print print """Step 2 of 7: Choose the gender of your PotatoHead: input either 'm' or 'f' """ inputPHGender = raw_input('|Enter Gender:|') if inputPHGender == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 3 (Colour): print print """Step 3 of 7: Choose the colour your PotatoHead will be: Only Red, Blue, Green and Yellow are currently supported """ inputPHColour = raw_input('|Enter Colour:|') if inputPHColour == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 4 (Favourite Thing): print print """Step 4 of 7: Type your PotatoHead's favourite thing: """ inputPHFavThing = raw_input('|Enter Favourite Thing:|') if inputPHFavThing == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() # Step 5 (First Toy): print print """Step 5 of 7: Choose a first toy for your PotatoHead: """ inputPHFirstToy = raw_input('|Enter First Toy:|') if inputPHFirstToy == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 6 (Check stats): while 1: print print """Step 6 of 7: Check the following details to make sure that they are correct: """ print print """Name:\t\t\t""" + inputPHName + """ Gender:\t\t\t""" + inputPHGender + """ Colour:\t\t\t""" + inputPHColour + """ Favourite Thing:\t""" + inputPHFavThing + """ First Toy:\t\t""" + inputPHFirstToy + """ """ print print "Enter 'y' or 'n'" inputMCheckStats = raw_input('|Is this information correct?|') if inputMCheckStats == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() elif inputMCheckStats == 'y': break elif inputMCheckStats == 'n': print "Re-enter info: ..." print break else: "The value you entered was incorrect, please re-enter your choice" if inputMCheckStats == 'y': break #Step 7 (Define variables for the creation of the PotatoHead): MFCreatePH = [] print print """Step 7 of 7: Your PotatoHead will now be created... Creating variables... """ MFCreatePH = [inputPHName, inputPHGender, inputPHColour, inputPHFavThing, inputPHFirstToy] time.sleep(1) print "inputPHName" print time.sleep(1) print "inputPHFirstToy" print return MFCreatePH print "Your PotatoHead varibles have been successfully created!" #Run Program: welcomeMessage() MCreatePH = startGame() myPotatoHead = PotatoHead(MCreatePH) The potatohead.py module is as follows: #+--------------------------------------+# #| potatohead.py |# #| A module for the Potato Head Game |# #| Author: |# #| Date Created / Modified: |# #| 24/1/10 | 24/1/10 |# #+--------------------------------------+# Tested: Yes (24/1/10) #Create the PotatoHead class: class PotatoHead: #Initialise the PotatoHead object: def __init__(self, data): self.data = data #Takes the data from the start new game function - see main.py #Defines the PotatoHead starting attributes: self.name = data[0] self.gender = data[1] self.colour = data[2] self.favouriteThing = data[3] self.firstToy = data[4] self.age = '0.0' self.education = [self.eduScience, self.eduEnglish, self.eduMaths] = '0.0', '0.0', '0.0' self.fitness = '0.0' self.happiness = '10.0' self.health = '10.0' self.hunger = '0.0' self.tiredness = 'Not in this version' self.toys = [] self.toys.append(self.firstToy) self.time = '0' #Sets data lists for saving, loading and general use: self.phData = (self.name, self.gender, self.colour, self.favouriteThing, self.firstToy) self.phAdvData = (self.name, self.gender, self.colour, self.favouriteThing, self.firstToy, self.age, self.education, self.fitness, self.happiness, self.health, self.hunger, self.tiredness, self.toys) #Define the phStats variable, enabling easy display of PotatoHead attributes: def phDefStats(self): self.phStats = """Your Potato Head's Stats are as follows: ---------------------------------------- Name: \t\t""" + self.name + """ Gender: \t\t""" + self.gender + """ Colour: \t\t""" + self.colour + """ Favourite Thing: \t""" + self.favouriteThing + """ First Toy: \t""" + self.firstToy + """ Age: \t\t""" + self.age + """ Education: \t""" + str(float(self.eduScience) + float(self.eduEnglish) + float(self.eduMaths)) + """ -> Science: \t""" + self.eduScience + """ -> English: \t""" + self.eduEnglish + """ -> Maths: \t""" + self.eduMaths + """ Fitness: \t""" + self.fitness + """ Happiness: \t""" + self.happiness + """ Health: \t""" + self.health + """ Hunger: \t""" + self.hunger + """ Tiredness: \t""" + self.tiredness + """ Toys: \t\t""" + str(self.toys) + """ Time: \t\t""" + self.time + """ """ #Change the PotatoHead's favourite thing: def phChangeFavouriteThing(self, newFavouriteThing): self.favouriteThing = newFavouriteThing phChangeFavouriteThingMsg = "Your Potato Head's favourite thing is " + self.favouriteThing + "." #"Feed" the Potato Head i.e. Reduce the 'self.hunger' attribute's value: def phFeed(self): if float(self.hunger) >=3.0: self.hunger = str(float(self.hunger) - 3.0) elif float(self.hunger) < 3.0: self.hunger = '0.0' self.time = str(int(self.time) + 1) #Pass time #"Exercise" the Potato Head if between the ages of 5 and 25: def phExercise(self): if float(self.age) < 5.1 or float(self.age) > 25.1: print "This Potato Head is either too young or too old for this activity!" else: if float(self.fitness) <= 8.0: self.fitness = str(float(self.fitness) + 2.0) elif float(self.fitness) > 8.0: self.fitness = '10.0' self.time = str(int(self.time) + 1) #Pass time #"Teach" the Potato Head: def phTeach(self, subject): if subject == 'Science': if float(self.eduScience) <= 9.0: self.eduScience = str(float(self.eduScience) + 1.0) elif float(self.eduScience) > 9.0 and float(self.eduScience) < 10.0: self.eduScience = '10.0' elif float(self.eduScience) == 10.0: print "Your Potato Head has gained the highest level of qualifications in this subject! It cannot learn any more!" elif subject == 'English': if float(self.eduEnglish) <= 9.0: self.eduEnglish = str(float(self.eduEnglish) + 1.0) elif float(self.eduEnglish) > 9.0 and float(self.eduEnglish) < 10.0: self.eduEnglish = '10.0' elif float(self.eduEnglish) == 10.0: print "Your Potato Head has gained the highest level of qualifications in this subject! It cannot learn any more!" elif subject == 'Maths': if float(self.eduMaths) <= 9.0: self.eduMaths = str(float(self.eduMaths) + 1.0) elif float(self.eduMaths) > 9.0 and float(self.eduMaths) < 10.0: self.eduMaths = '10.0' elif float(self.eduMaths) == 10.0: print "Your Potato Head has gained the highest level of qualifications in this subject! It cannot learn any more!" else: print "That subject is not an option..." print "Please choose either Science, English or Maths" self.time = str(int(self.time) + 1) #Pass time #Increase Health: def phGoToDoctor(self): self.health = '10.0' self.time = str(int(self.time) + 1) #Pass time #Sleep: Age, change stats: #(Time Passes) def phSleep(self): self.time = '0' #Resets time for next 'day' (can do more things next day) #Increase hunger: if float(self.hunger) <= 5.0: self.hunger = str(float(self.hunger) + 5.0) elif float(self.hunger) > 5.0: self.hunger = '10.0' #Lower Fitness: if float(self.fitness) >= 0.5: self.fitness = str(float(self.fitness) - 0.5) elif float(self.fitness) < 0.5: self.fitness = '0.0' #Lower Health: if float(self.health) >= 0.5: self.health = str(float(self.health) - 0.5) elif float(self.health) < 0.5: self.health = '0.0' #Lower Happiness: if float(self.happiness) >= 2.0: self.happiness = str(float(self.happiness) - 2.0) elif float(self.happiness) < 2.0: self.happiness = '0.0' #Increase the Potato Head's age: self.age = str(float(self.age) + 0.1) The game is still under development - There may be parts of modules that aren't complete, but I don't think they're causing the problem

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