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  • In SQL, if we rename INNER JOIN as INTERSECT JOIN, LEFT OUTER JOIN as LEFT UNION JOIN, and FULL OUTE

    - by Jian Lin
    In SQL, the name Join gives an idea of "merging" or a sense of "union", making something bigger. But in fact, as in the other post http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2706051/in-sql-a-join-is-actually-an-intersection-and-it-is-also-a-linkage-or-a-sidew it turns out that a Join (Inner Join) is actually an Intersection. So if we think of Join = Inner Join = Intersect Join Left Outer Join = Left Union Join Full Outer Join = Full Union Join = Union Join then we always get a feel of what's happening, and maybe never forget what they are easily. In a way, we can think of Intersect as "making it less", therefore it is excluding something. That's why the name "Join" won't go with the idea of "Intersect". But in fact, both Intersect and Union can be thought of as: Union: bringing something together and merge them unconditionally. Intersect: bringing something together and merge them based on some condition. so the "bringing something together" is probably what "Join" is all about. It is like, Intersection is a "half glass of water" -- we can thinking of it as "excluding something" or as "bringing something together and accepting the common ones". So if the word "Intersect Join" is used, maybe a clear picture is there, and "Union Join" can be a clear picture too. Maybe the word "Inner Join" and "Outer Join" is very clear when we use SQL a lot. Somehow, the word "Outer" tends to give a feeling that it is "outside" and excluding something rather than a "Union".

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  • Yet another use of OUTER APPLY in defensive programming

    - by Alexander Kuznetsov
    When a SELECT is used to populate variables from a subquery, it fails to change them if the subquery returns nothing - and that can lead to subtle bugs. We shall use OUTER APPLY to eliminate this problem. Prerequisites All we need is the following mock function that imitates a subquery: CREATE FUNCTION dbo.BoxById ( @BoxId INT ) RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN ( SELECT CAST ( 1 AS INT ) AS [Length] , CAST ( 2 AS INT ) AS [Width] , CAST ( 3 AS INT ) AS [Height] WHERE @BoxId = 1 ) ; Let us assume that this...(read more)

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  • Fun with Outer Joins

    Learn how an outer join works and how you can use it in your applications to find the results you need when matching data isn't in all your tables. Keep your database and application development in syncSQL Connect is a Visual Studio add-in that brings your databases into your solution. It then makes it easy to keep your database in sync, and commit to your existing source control system. Find out more.

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  • Class Structure w/ LINQ, Partial Classes, and Abstract Classes

    - by Jason
    I am following the Nerd Dinner tutorial as I'm learning ASP.NET MVC, and I am currently on Step 3: Building the Model. One part of this section discusses how to integrate validation and business rule logic with the model classes. All this makes perfect sense. However, in the case of this source code, the author only validates one class: Dinner. What I am wondering is, say I have multiple classes that need validation (Dinner, Guest, etc). It doesn't seem smart to me to repeatedly write these two methods in the partial class: public bool IsValid { get { return (GetRuleViolations().Count() == 0); } } partial void OnValidate(ChangeAction action) { if (!IsValid) { throw new ApplicationException("Rule violations prevent saving."); } } What I'm wondering is, can you create an abstract class (because "GetRuleViolations" needs to be implemented separately) and extend a partial class? I'm thinking something like this (based on his example): public partial class Dinner : Validation { public IEnumerable<RuleViolation> GetRuleViolations() { yield break; } } This doesn't "feel" right, but I wanted to check with SO to get opinions of individuals smarter than me on this. I also tested it out, and it seems that the partial keyword on the OnValidate method is causing problems (understandably so). This doesn't seem possible to fix (but I could very well be wrong). Thanks!

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  • Interface and partial classes

    - by Tomek Tarczynski
    According to rule SA1201 in StyleCop elements in class must appear in correct order. The order is following: Fields Constructors Finalizers (Destructors) Delegates Events Enums Interfaces Properties Indexers Methods Structs Classes Everything is ok, except of Interfaces part, because Interface can contain mehtods, events, properties etc... If we want to be strict about this rule then we won't have all members of Interface in one place which is often very useful. According to StyleCop help this problem can be solved by spliting class into partial classes. Example: /// <summary> /// Represents a customer of the system. /// </summary> public partial class Customer { // Contains the main functionality of the class. } /// <content> /// Implements the ICollection class. /// </content> public partial class Customer : ICollection { public int Count { get { return this.count; } } public bool IsSynchronized { get { return false; } } public object SyncRoot { get { return null; } } public void CopyTo(Array array, int index) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } Are there any other good solutions to this problem?

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  • Problem with inner classes of the same name in Visual C++

    - by starblue
    I have a problem with Visual C++, where apparently inner classes with the same name but in different outer classes are confused. The problem occurs for two layers, where each layer has a listener interface as an inner class. B is a listener of A, and has its own listener in a third layer above it (not shown). The structure of the code looks like this: A.h class A { class Listener { Listener(); virtual ~Listener() = 0; } [...] } B.h class B : public A::Listener { class Listener { Listener(); virtual ~Listener() = 0; } [...] } B.cpp B::Listener::Listener() {} B::Listener::~Listener() {} I get the error B.cpp(49) : error C2509: '{ctor}' : member function not declared in 'B' The C++ compiler for Renesas sh2a has no problem with this, but then it is more liberal than Visual C++ in some other respects, too. If I rename the listener interfaces to have different names the problem goes away, but I'd like to avoid that (the real class names instead of A or B are rather long). Is what I'm doing correct C++, or is the complaint by Visual C++ justified? Is there a way to work around this problem without renaming the listener interfaces?

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  • How to join data frames in R (inner, outer, left, right)?

    - by Dan Goldstein
    Given two data frames df1 = data.frame(CustomerId=c(1:6),Product=c(rep("Toaster",3),rep("Radio",3))) df2 = data.frame(CustomerId=c(2,4,6),State=c(rep("Alabama",2),rep("Ohio",1))) > df1 CustomerId Product 1 Toaster 2 Toaster 3 Toaster 4 Radio 5 Radio 6 Radio > df2 CustomerId State 2 Alabama 4 Alabama 6 Ohio How can I do database style, i.e., sql style, joins? That is, how do I get: An inner join of df1 and df1 An outer join of df1 and df2 A left outer join of df1 and df2 A right outer join of df1 and df2 P.S. IKT-JARQ (I Know This - Just Adding R Questions) Extra credit: How can I do a sql style select statement?

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  • In SQL / MySQL, can a Left Outer Join be used to find out the duplicates when there is no Primary ID

    - by Jian Lin
    I would like to try using Outer Join to find out duplicates in a table: If a table has Primary Index ID, then the following outer join can find out the duplicate names: mysql> select * from gifts; +--------+------------+-----------------+---------------------+ | giftID | name | filename | effectiveTime | +--------+------------+-----------------+---------------------+ | 2 | teddy bear | bear.jpg | 2010-04-24 04:36:03 | | 3 | coffee | coffee123.jpg | 2010-04-24 05:10:43 | | 6 | beer | beer_glass.png | 2010-04-24 05:18:12 | | 10 | heart | heart_shape.jpg | 2010-04-24 05:11:29 | | 11 | ice tea | icetea.jpg | 2010-04-24 05:19:53 | | 12 | cash | cash.png | 2010-04-24 05:27:44 | | 13 | chocolate | choco.jpg | 2010-04-25 04:04:31 | | 14 | coffee | latte.jpg | 2010-04-27 05:49:52 | | 15 | coffee | espresso.jpg | 2010-04-27 06:03:03 | +--------+------------+-----------------+---------------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from gifts g1 LEFT JOIN (select * from gifts group by name) g2 on g1.giftID = g2.giftID where g2.giftID IS NULL; +--------+--------+--------------+---------------------+--------+------+----------+---------------+ | giftID | name | filename | effectiveTime | giftID | name | filename | effectiveTime | +--------+--------+--------------+---------------------+--------+------+----------+---------------+ | 14 | coffee | latte.jpg | 2010-04-27 05:49:52 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 15 | coffee | espresso.jpg | 2010-04-27 06:03:03 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | +--------+--------+--------------+---------------------+--------+------+----------+---------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) But what if the table doesn't have a Primary Index ID, then can an outer join still be used to find out duplicates?

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  • AS3 Classes - Should I use them?

    - by Eric
    I'm working on a project in Flash CS4/AS3 and I have a document class set up but I am wondering about using that, as opposed to frame-based scripting. Most of what I have seen so far deals with how to create them, but doesn't offer much about why or when to use them. I know I can also pull in other classes beyond the document class but, again, why and when? Could I get some input from you fine people out there on usage/best practice, etc? Thanks

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  • partial classes/partial class file

    - by Ravisha
    In C# .net there is a provision to have two different class files and make them a single class using the keyword partial keyword.this helps it to keep [for ex]UI and logic seperate. of course we can have two classes to achieve this one for UI and other for logic. Can this be achieved in java some how?

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  • PHP Classes Extend

    - by John
    I have two classes that work seperate from another, but they extend the same class. Is it possible to have them work the same instance of the extended class. I'm wanting the constructor of the extended class to run only once. I know this isn't right but something like this: <?php $oApp = new app; class a extends $oApp {} class b extends $oApp {}

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  • Does Javascript have classes?

    - by Glycerine
    A friend and I had an argument last week. He stated there were no such things as classes in Javascript. I said there was as you can say var object = new Object() he says "as there is no word class used. Its not a class. -- Whats your take on it guys? thanks.

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  • How to access java classes in a subfolder.

    - by Jacob
    Hi all. I'm trying to make a program that can load an unknown set of plugins from a sub-folder, "Plugins". All of these plugins implement the same interface. What I need to know is how do I find all of the classes in this folder so that I can instantiate and use them?

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  • penalty for "inlined" classes

    - by 2di
    Hi All Visual studio allow you to create "inlined" classes (if I am not mistaken with the name). So class header and implementation all in one file. H. file contain definitions and declarations of the class and functions, there is no .cpp file at all. So I was wondering if there is any penalty for doing it that way? any disadvantages ? Thanks a lot

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  • Catch requests to non-existent classes (not autoload)

    - by Spot
    Is there a manner in which to catch requests to a class which does not exist. I'm looking for something exactly like __call() and __static(), but for classes as opposed to methods in a class. I am not talking about autoloading. I need to be able to interrupt the request and reroute it. Ideas?

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  • How to deal with static utility classes when designing for testability

    - by Benedikt
    We are trying to design our system to be testable and in most parts developed using TDD. Currently we are trying to solve the following problem: In various places it is necessary for us to use static helper methods like ImageIO and URLEncoder (both standard Java API) and various other libraries that consist mostly of static methods (like the Apache Commons libraries). But it is extremely difficult to test those methods that use such static helper classes. I have several ideas for solving this problem: Use a mock framework that can mock static classes (like PowerMock). This may be the simplest solution but somehow feels like giving up. Create instantiable wrapper classes around all those static utilities so they can be injected into the classes that use them. This sounds like a relatively clean solution but I fear we'll end up creating an awful lot of those wrapper classes. Extract every call to these static helper classes into a function that can be overridden and test a subclass of the class I actually want to test. But I keep thinking that this just has to be a problem that many people have to face when doing TDD - so there must already be solutions for this problem. What is the best strategy to keep classes that use these static helpers testable?

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  • Classes as a compilation unit

    - by Yannbane
    If "compilation unit" is unclear, please refer to this. However, what I mean by it will be clear from the context. Edit: my language allows for multiple inheritance, unlike Java. I've started designing+developing my own programming language for educational, recreational, and potentially useful purposes. At first, I've decided to base it off Java. This implied that I would have all the code be written inside classes, and that code compiles to classes, which are loaded by the VM. However, I've excluded features such as interfaces and abstract classes, because I found no need for them. They seemed to be enforcing a paradigm, and I'd like my language not to do that. I wanted to keep the classes as the compilation unit though, because it seemed convenient to implement, familiar, and I just liked the idea. Then I noticed that I'm basically left with a glorified module system, where classes could be used either as "namespaces", providing constants and functions using the static directive, or as templates for objects that need to be instantiated ("actual" purpose of classes in other languages). Now I'm left wondering: what are the benefits of having classes as compilation units? (Also, any general commentary on my design would be much appreciated.)

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  • Python class design - Splitting up big classes into multiple ones to group functionality

    - by Ivo Wetzel
    OK I've got 2 really big classes 1k lines each that I currently have split up into multiple ones. They then get recombined using multiple inheritance. Now I'm wondering, if there is any cleaner/better more pythonic way of doing this. Completely factoring them out would result in endless amounts of self.otherself.do_something calls, which I don't think is the way it should be done. To make things clear here's what it currently looks like: from gui_events import GUIEvents # event handlers from gui_helpers import GUIHelpers # helper methods that don't directly modify the GUI # GUI.py class GUI(gtk.Window, GUIEvents, GUIHelpers): # general stuff here stuff here One problem that is result of this is Pylint complaining giving me trillions of "init not called" / "undefined attribute" / "attribute accessed before definition" warnings.

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  • How to import classes into other classes within the same file in Python

    - by Chris
    I have the file below and it is part of a django project called projectmanager, this file is projectmanager/projects/models.py . Whenever I use the python interpreter to import a Project just to test the functionality i get a name error for line 8 that FileRepo() cannot be found. How Can I import these classes correctly? Ideally what I am looking for is each Project to contain multiple FileRepos which each contain and unknown number of files. Thanks for any assistance in advance. #imports from django.db import models from django.contrib import admin #Project is responsible for ensuring that each project contains all of the folders and file storage #mechanisms a project needs, as well as a unique CCL# class Project(models.Model): ccl = models.CharField(max_length=30) Techpacks = FileRepo() COAS = FileRepo() Shippingdocs = FileRepo() POchemspecs = FileRepo() Internalpos = FileRepo() Finalreports = FileRepo() Batchrecords = FileRepo() RFPS = FileRepo() Businessdev = FileRepo() QA = FileRepo() Updates = FileRepo() def __unicode__(self): return self.ccl #ProjectFile is the file object used by each FileRepo component class ProjectFile(models.Model): file = models.FileField(uploadto='ProjectFiles') def __unicode__(self): return self.file #FileRepo is the model for the "folders" to be used in a Project class FileRepo(models.Model): typeOf = models.CharField(max_length=30) files = models.ManyToManyField(ProjectFile) def __unicode__(self): return self.typeOf

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  • Making only the outer vector in vector<vector<int>> fixed

    - by Dennis Ritchie
    I want to create a vector<vector<int>> where the outer vector is fixed (always containing the same vectors), but the inner vectors can be changed. For example: int n = 2; //decided at runtime assert(n>0); vector<vector<int>> outer(n); //outer vector contains n empty vectors outer.push_back(vector<int>()); //modifying outer vector - this should be error auto outer_it = outer.begin(); (*outer_it).push_back(3); //modifying inner vector. should work (which it does). I tried doing simply const vector<vector<int>>, but that makes even the inner vectors const. Is my only option to create my own custom FixedVectors class, or are there better ways out there to do this?

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  • Why does forward declaration not work with classes?

    - by eSKay
    int main() { B bb; //does not compile (neither does class B bb;) C cc; //does not compile struct t tt; //compiles class B {}; struct s { struct t * pt; }; //compiles struct t { struct s * ps; }; return 0; } class C {}; I just modified the example given here. Why is that the struct forward declarations work but not the class forward declarations? Does it have something to do with the namespaces - tag namespace and typedef namespace? I know that the structure definitions without typedefs go to tag namespace. Structures are just classes with all public members. So, I expect them to behave similarly.

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