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• How to find out which process is hogging the linux server?

  - by user1149518

  We have a RHEL server. Today it suddenly became slow. Symptoms - It was responding slow to ping queries from other server. When I try to login using ssh, it was taking about 10 seconds to login. I was able to resolve the problem by doing some guess work. I killed one process which I thought was culprit. Which resolved the problem. Though I would like to know what's proper approach to detect the culprit in such kind of "slow server" situations. Le me know proper way to resolving such slowness issues and decting the process causing the slowness. These were the conditions when the server was slow - # vmstat 3 3 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 1 1 176 6730868 285052 4899676 0 0 3 4 0 0 1 1 97 1 0 0 0 176 6751576 285064 4899704 0 0 0 115 15307 37171 1 1 96 3 0 0 0 176 6751948 285068 4899700 0 0 0 23 14813 39559 1 1 98 1 0 # top top - 16:38:18 up 150 days, 19:36, 64 users, load average: 1.68, 1.46, 1.44 Tasks: 1287 total, 2 running, 1284 sleeping, 1 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.3%us, 1.7%sy, 0.1%ni, 95.9%id, 0.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 16620824k total, 9867124k used, 6753700k free, 287424k buffers Swap: 8193140k total, 176k used, 8192964k free, 4898996k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 26258 khk 34 19 130m 47m 7088 S 11.2 0.3 385:32.42 edm Though I would like to know what's proper approach to detect the culprit in such kind of "slow server" situations. Le me know proper way to resolving such slowness issues and decting the process causing the slowness.

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• High Server Load cannot figure out why

  - by Tim Bolton

  My server is currently running CentOS 5.2, with WHM 11.34. Currently, we're at 6.43 to 12 for a load average. The sites that we're hosting are taking a lot time to respond and resolve. top doesn't show anything out of the ordinary and iftop doesn't show a lot of traffic. We have many resellers, and some not so good at writing code, how can we find the culprit? vmstat output: vmstat procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 2 84 78684 154916 1021080 0 0 72 274 0 14 6 3 80 12 0 top output (ordered by %CPU) top - 21:44:43 up 5 days, 10:39, 3 users, load average: 3.36, 4.18, 4.73 Tasks: 222 total, 3 running, 219 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 5.8%us, 2.3%sy, 0.2%ni, 79.6%id, 11.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2074580k total, 1863044k used, 211536k free, 174828k buffers Swap: 2040212k total, 84k used, 2040128k free, 987604k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 15930 mysql 15 0 138m 46m 4380 S 4 2.3 1:45.87 mysqld 21772 igniteth 17 0 23200 7152 3932 R 4 0.3 0:00.02 php 1586 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 2 0.0 11:45.19 kjournald 21759 root 15 0 2416 1024 732 R 2 0.0 0:00.01 top 1 root 15 0 2156 648 560 S 0 0.0 0:26.31 init 2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.35 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.32 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.00 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.11 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.29 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.26 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 11 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.90 migration/3 12 root 34 19 0 0 0 R 0 0.0 0:00.20 ksoftirqd/3 13 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 top output (ordered by CPU time) top - 21:46:12 up 5 days, 10:41, 3 users, load average: 2.88, 3.82, 4.55 Tasks: 217 total, 1 running, 216 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.7%us, 2.0%sy, 2.0%ni, 67.2%id, 25.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2074580k total, 1959516k used, 115064k free, 183116k buffers Swap: 2040212k total, 84k used, 2040128k free, 1090308k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 32367 root 16 0 215m 212m 1548 S 0 10.5 62:03.63 62:03 tailwatchd 1586 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 11:45.27 11:45 kjournald 1576 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:37.86 2:37 kjournald 27722 root 16 0 2556 1184 800 S 0 0.1 1:48.94 1:48 top 15930 mysql 15 0 138m 46m 4380 S 4 2.3 1:48.63 1:48 mysqld 2932 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:41.05 1:41 kipmi0 226 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 1:34.33 1:34 kswapd0 2671 named 25 0 74688 7400 2116 S 0 0.4 1:23.58 1:23 named 3229 root 15 0 10300 3348 2724 S 0 0.2 0:40.85 0:40 sshd 1580 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:30.62 0:30 kjournald 1 root 17 0 2156 648 560 S 0 0.0 0:26.32 0:26 init 2616 root 15 0 1816 576 480 S 0 0.0 0:23.50 0:23 syslogd 1584 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:18.67 0:18 kjournald 4342 root 34 19 27692 11m 2116 S 0 0.5 0:18.23 0:18 yum-updatesd 8044 bollingp 15 0 3456 2036 740 S 1 0.1 0:15.56 0:15 imapd 26 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:14.18 0:14 kblockd/1 7989 gmailsit 16 0 3196 1748 736 S 0 0.1 0:10.43 0:10 imapd iostat -xtk 1 10 output [root@server1 tmp]# iostat -xtk 1 10 Linux 2.6.18-53.el5 12/18/2012 Time: 09:51:06 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 5.83 0.19 2.53 11.85 0.00 79.60 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 1.37 118.83 18.70 54.27 131.47 692.72 22.59 4.90 67.19 3.10 22.59 sdb 0.35 39.33 20.33 61.43 158.79 403.22 13.75 5.23 63.93 3.77 30.80 Time: 09:51:07 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 1.50 0.00 0.50 24.00 0.00 74.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 25.00 2.00 2.00 128.00 108.00 118.00 0.03 7.25 4.00 1.60 sdb 0.00 16.00 41.00 145.00 200.00 668.00 9.33 107.92 272.72 5.38 100.10 Time: 09:51:08 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 2.00 0.00 1.50 29.50 0.00 67.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 95.00 3.00 33.00 12.00 480.00 27.33 0.07 1.72 1.31 4.70 sdb 0.00 14.00 1.00 228.00 4.00 960.00 8.42 143.49 568.01 4.37 100.10 Time: 09:51:09 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 13.28 0.00 2.76 21.30 0.00 62.66 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 21.00 1.00 19.00 16.00 192.00 20.80 0.06 3.55 1.30 2.60 sdb 0.00 36.00 28.00 181.00 124.00 884.00 9.65 121.16 617.31 4.79 100.10 Time: 09:51:10 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 4.74 0.00 1.50 25.19 0.00 68.58 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 20.00 3.00 15.00 12.00 136.00 16.44 0.17 7.11 3.11 5.60 sdb 0.00 0.00 103.00 60.00 544.00 248.00 9.72 52.35 545.23 6.14 100.10 Time: 09:51:11 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 1.24 0.00 1.24 25.31 0.00 72.21 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 75.00 4.00 28.00 16.00 416.00 27.00 0.08 3.72 2.03 6.50 sdb 2.00 9.00 124.00 17.00 616.00 104.00 10.21 3.73 213.73 7.10 100.10 Time: 09:51:12 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 1.00 0.00 0.75 24.31 0.00 73.93 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 24.00 1.00 9.00 4.00 132.00 27.20 0.01 1.20 1.10 1.10 sdb 4.00 40.00 103.00 48.00 528.00 212.00 9.80 105.21 104.32 6.64 100.20 Time: 09:51:13 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 2.50 0.00 1.75 23.25 0.00 72.50 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 125.74 3.96 46.53 15.84 689.11 27.92 0.20 4.06 2.41 12.18 sdb 2.97 0.00 91.09 84.16 419.80 471.29 10.17 85.85 590.78 5.66 99.11 Time: 09:51:14 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.75 0.00 0.50 24.94 0.00 73.82 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 88.00 1.00 7.00 4.00 380.00 96.00 0.04 4.38 3.00 2.40 sdb 3.00 7.00 111.00 44.00 540.00 208.00 9.65 18.58 581.79 6.46 100.10 Time: 09:51:15 PM avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 11.03 0.00 3.26 26.57 0.00 59.15 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 145.00 7.00 53.00 28.00 792.00 27.33 0.15 2.50 1.55 9.30 sdb 1.00 0.00 155.00 0.00 800.00 0.00 10.32 2.85 18.63 6.46 100.10 [root@server1 tmp]# MySQL Show Full Processlist mysql> show full processlist; +------+---------------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------+------+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +------+---------------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------+------+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 | DB_USER_ONE | localhost | DB_ONE | Query | 3 | waiting for handler insert | INSERT DELAYED INTO defers (mailtime,msgid,email,transport_method,message,host,ip,router,deliveryuser,deliverydomain) VALUES(FROM_UNIXTIME('1355879748'),'1TivwL-0003y8-8l','[email protected]','remote_smtp','SMTP error from remote mail server after initial connection: host mx1.mail.tw.yahoo.com [203.188.197.119]: 421 4.7.0 [TS01] Messages from 75.125.90.146 temporarily deferred due to user complaints - 4.16.55.1; see http://postmaster.yahoo.com/421-ts01.html','mx1.mail.tw.yahoo.com','203.188.197.119','lookuphost','','') | | 2 | DELAYED | localhost | DB_ONE | Delayed insert | 52 | insert | | | 3 | DELAYED | localhost | DB_ONE | Delayed insert | 68 | insert | | | 911 | DELAYED | localhost | DB_ONE | Delayed insert | 99 | Waiting for INSERT | | | 993 | DB_USER_TWO | localhost | DB_TWO | Sleep | 832 | | NULL | | 994 | DB_USER_ONE | localhost | DB_ONE | Query | 185 | Locked | delete from failures where FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW())-1296000) > mailtime | | 1102 | DB_USER_THREE | localhost | DB_THREE | Query | 29 | NULL | commit | | 1249 | DB_USER_FOUR | localhost | DB_FOUR | Query | 13 | NULL | commit | | 1263 | root | localhost | DB_FIVE | Query | 0 | NULL | show full processlist | | 1264 | DB_USER_SIX | localhost | DB_SIX | Query | 3 | NULL | commit | +------+---------------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------+------+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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• Apache and MySQL taking all the memory? Maximum connections?

  - by lpfavreau

  I've a had one of our servers going down (network wise) but keeping its uptime (so looks the server is not losing its power) recently. I've asked my hosting company to investigate and I've been told, after investigation, that Apache and MySQL were at all time using 80% of the memory and peaking at 95% and that I might be needing to add some more RAM to the server. One of their justifications to adding more RAM was that I was using the default max connections setting (125 for MySQL and 150 for Apache) and that for handling those 150 simultaneous connections, I would need at least 3Gb of memory instead of the 1Gb I have at the moment. Now, I understand that tweaking the max connections might be better than me leaving the default setting although I didn't feel it was a concern at the moment, having had servers with the same configuration handle more traffic than the current 1 or 2 visitors before the lunch, telling myself I'd tweak it depending on the visits pattern later. I've also always known Apache was more memory hungry under default settings than its competitor such as nginx and lighttpd. Nonetheless, looking at the stats of my machine, I'm trying to see how my hosting company got those numbers. I'm getting: # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1000 944 56 0 148 725 -/+ buffers/cache: 71 929 Swap: 1953 0 1953 Which I guess means that yes, the server is reserving around 95% of its memory at the moment but I also thought it meant that only 71 out of the 1000 total were really used by the applications at the moment looking a the buffers/cache row. Also I don't see any swapping: # vmstat 60 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 0 57612 151704 742596 0 0 1 1 3 11 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 1 1 24 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 2 1 18 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0 100 0 And finally, while requesting a page: top - 08:33:19 up 3 days, 13:11, 2 users, load average: 0.06, 0.02, 0.00 Tasks: 81 total, 1 running, 80 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.3%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1024616k total, 976744k used, 47872k free, 151716k buffers Swap: 2000052k total, 0k used, 2000052k free, 742596k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 24914 www-data 20 0 26296 8640 3724 S 2 0.8 0:00.06 apache2 23785 mysql 20 0 125m 18m 5268 S 1 1.9 0:04.54 mysqld 24491 www-data 20 0 25828 7488 3180 S 1 0.7 0:00.02 apache2 1 root 20 0 2844 1688 544 S 0 0.2 0:01.30 init ... So, I'd like to know, experts of serverfault: Do I really need more RAM at the moment? How do they calculate that for 150 simultaneous connections I'd need 3Gb? Thanks for your help!

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• 4.5 Load average on single CPU

  - by Webnet

  I'm currently looking at... top - 16:27:37 up 27 min, 1 user, load average: 4.96, 3.75, 2.87 Tasks: 141 total, 6 running, 135 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 91.4%us, 6.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.3%hi, 1.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 514952k total, 507500k used, 7452k free, 5652k buffers Swap: 1044184k total, 281400k used, 762784k free, 89164k cached This is a single 2.0 Ghz CPU with 2 GB RAM Is it time for an upgrade? I'm watching and it seems to stick around 50% CPU "us" which I assume means usage.

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• Ubuntu Server 12.04 CPU Load

  - by zertux

  I have a Server (2x Hexa-Core Xeon E5649 2.53GHz w/HT with 32GB RAM and 20000 GB Bandwidth) running Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS. The server runs LAMP and serves one website only, the estimated number of users is to be ~ 15,000 at the same time. At the moment i have around 2000 users online each of them runs 50 MySQL queries (small values mostly select and insert) from the beginning until the end of the session. Server CPU Load is high at this number of connections while the RAM usage is almost 1GB out of 32GB its worth mentioning that the server was running very fast with no problems at all but am concerned about the load average. http://s12.postimage.org/z7hi6mz3h/photo.png top - 03:02:43 up 9 min, 2 users, load average: 50.83, 30.14, 12.83 Tasks: 432 total, 1 running, 430 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 66.5%id, 33.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 32939992k total, 3111604k used, 29828388k free, 84108k buffers Swap: 2048280k total, 0k used, 2048280k free, 1621640k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2860 root 20 0 25820 2288 1420 S 3 0.0 0:11.18 htop 1182 root 20 0 0 0 0 D 2 0.0 0:01.46 kjournald 1935 mysql 20 0 12.3g 161m 7924 S 1 0.5 102:31.45 mysqld 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.38 kworker/0:1 1822 www-data 20 0 247m 25m 4188 D 0 0.1 0:01.81 apache2 2920 www-data 20 0 0 0 0 Z 0 0.0 0:01.20 apache2 <defunct> 2942 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3056 D 0 0.1 0:00.20 apache2 3516 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3028 D 0 0.1 0:00.06 apache2 3521 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3020 D 0 0.1 0:00.09 apache2 3664 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3132 D 0 0.1 0:00.09 apache2 3674 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3252 D 0 0.1 0:00.06 apache2 3713 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3040 D 0 0.1 0:00.09 apache2 1 root 20 0 24328 2284 1344 S 0 0.0 0:03.09 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0 root@server:~/codes# vmstat 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 19 0 0 29684012 86112 1689844 0 0 19 590 254 231 48 0 47 5 23 0 0 29704812 86128 1697672 0 0 4 320 11100 8121 77 1 22 0 33 0 0 29671044 86156 1705308 0 0 0 5440 13190 9140 95 1 4 0 33 3 0 29670088 86160 1706288 0 0 0 32932 12275 7297 99 0 1 0 35 0 0 29693456 86188 1710724 0 0 4 676 12701 7867 98 1 1 0 ^C I have not changed any of the default configurations that comes with Ubuntu. Is this load normal for such powerful server ? is there any optimization i can make to Apache/MySQL to minimize the load ? What do you recommend ?

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• Linux server is only using 60% of memory, then swapping

  - by Kamil Kisiel

  I've got a Linux server that's running our bacula backup system. The machine is grinding like mad because it's going heavy in to swap. The problem is, it's only using 60% of its physical memory! Here's the output from free -m: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3949 2356 1593 0 0 1 -/+ buffers/cache: 2354 1595 Swap: 7629 1804 5824 and some sample output from vmstat 1: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 2 1843536 1634512 0 4188 54 13 2524 666 2 1 1 1 89 9 0 1 11 1845916 1640724 0 388 2700 4816 221880 4879 14409 170721 4 3 63 30 0 0 9 1846096 1643952 0 0 4956 756 174832 804 12357 159306 3 4 63 30 0 0 11 1846104 1643532 0 0 4916 540 174320 580 10609 139960 3 4 64 29 0 0 4 1846084 1640272 0 2336 4080 524 140408 548 9331 118287 3 4 63 30 0 0 8 1846104 1642096 0 1488 2940 432 102516 457 7023 82230 2 4 65 29 0 0 5 1846104 1642268 0 1276 3704 452 126520 452 9494 119612 3 5 65 27 0 3 12 1846104 1641528 0 328 6092 608 187776 636 8269 113059 4 3 64 29 0 2 2 1846084 1640960 0 724 5948 0 111480 0 7751 116370 4 4 63 29 0 0 4 1846100 1641484 0 404 4144 1476 125760 1500 10668 105358 2 3 71 25 0 0 13 1846104 1641932 0 0 5872 828 153808 840 10518 128447 3 4 70 22 0 0 8 1846096 1639172 0 3164 3556 556 74884 580 5082 65362 2 2 73 23 0 1 4 1846080 1638676 0 396 4512 28 50928 44 2672 38277 2 2 80 16 0 0 3 1846080 1628808 0 7132 2636 0 28004 8 1358 14090 0 1 78 20 0 0 2 1844728 1618552 0 11140 7680 0 12740 8 763 2245 0 0 82 18 0 0 2 1837764 1532056 0 101504 2952 0 95644 24 802 3817 0 1 87 12 0 0 11 1842092 1633324 0 4416 1748 10900 143144 11024 6279 134442 3 3 70 24 0 2 6 1846104 1642756 0 0 4768 468 78752 468 4672 60141 2 2 76 20 0 1 12 1846104 1640792 0 236 4752 440 140712 464 7614 99593 3 5 58 34 0 0 3 1846084 1630368 0 6316 5104 0 20336 0 1703 22424 1 1 72 26 0 2 17 1846104 1638332 0 3168 4080 1720 211960 1744 11977 155886 3 4 65 28 0 1 10 1846104 1640800 0 132 4488 556 126016 584 8016 106368 3 4 63 29 0 0 14 1846104 1639740 0 2248 3436 428 114188 452 7030 92418 3 3 59 35 0 1 6 1846096 1639504 0 1932 5500 436 141412 460 8261 112210 4 4 63 29 0 0 10 1846104 1640164 0 3052 4028 448 147684 472 7366 109554 4 4 61 30 0 0 10 1846100 1641040 0 2332 4952 632 147452 664 8767 118384 3 4 63 30 0 4 8 1846084 1641092 0 664 4948 276 152264 292 6448 98813 5 5 62 28 0 Furthermore, the output of top sorted by CPU time seems to support the theory that swap is what's bogging down the system: top - 09:05:32 up 37 days, 23:24, 1 user, load average: 9.75, 8.24, 7.12 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.6%us, 1.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 76.1%id, 20.6%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2405628k used, 1639004k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1851852k used, 5960640k free, 436k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 4174 root 17 0 63156 176 56 S 8 0.0 2138:52 35,38 bacula-fd 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 6 0.0 1709:25 28,29 bacula-sd 240 root 15 0 0 0 0 D 3 0.0 831:55.19 831:55 kswapd0 2852 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 126:35.59 126:35 xfsbufd 2849 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 119:50.94 119:50 xfsbufd 1364 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 117:05.39 117:05 xfsbufd 21 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 48:03.44 48:03 events/3 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 8 8 S 0 0.0 46:50.35 46:50 postmaster 1342 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 23:14.34 23:14 xfsdatad/4 5415 root 17 0 1770m 108 48 S 0 0.0 15:03.74 15:03 bacula-dir 23 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 13:09.71 13:09 events/5 5604 root 17 0 1216m 500 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.20 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 580 248 S 0 0.0 11:58.00 11:58 java Here's the same sorted by virtual memory image size: top - 09:08:32 up 37 days, 23:27, 1 user, load average: 8.43, 8.26, 7.32 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.6%us, 3.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 62.2%id, 30.2%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2404212k used, 1640420k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1852548k used, 5959944k free, 100k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 5415 root 17 0 1770m 56 44 S 0 0.0 15:03.78 15:03 bacula-dir 5604 root 17 0 1216m 492 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.30 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 476 200 S 0 0.0 11:58.20 11:58 java 4598 root 16 0 117m 44 44 S 0 0.0 0:13.37 0:13 eventmond 9614 gdm 16 0 93188 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdmgreeter 5527 root 17 0 78716 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdm 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 20 0.0 1709:52 28,29 bacula-sd 4174 root 17 0 63156 208 88 S 24 0.0 2139:25 35,39 bacula-fd 10849 postgres 18 0 54740 216 108 D 0 0.0 0:31.40 0:31 postmaster 6661 postgres 17 0 49432 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:03.50 0:03 postmaster 5507 root 15 0 47980 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 0:00 gdm 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 16 16 S 0 0.0 46:51.39 46:51 postmaster 5304 postgres 16 0 40580 132 88 S 0 0.0 6:21.79 6:21 postmaster 5301 postgres 17 0 40448 24 24 S 0 0.0 0:32.17 0:32 postmaster 11280 root 16 0 40288 28 28 S 0 0.0 0:00.11 0:00 sshd 5534 root 17 0 37580 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:56.18 0:56 X 30870 root 30 15 31668 28 28 S 0 0.0 1:13.38 1:13 snmpd 5305 postgres 17 0 30628 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:11.60 0:11 postmaster 27403 postfix 17 0 30248 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.76 0:02 qmgr 10815 postfix 15 0 30208 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 0:00 pickup 5306 postgres 16 0 29760 20 20 S 0 0.0 0:52.89 0:52 postmaster 5302 postgres 17 0 29628 64 32 S 0 0.0 1:00.64 1:00 postmaster I've tried tuning the swappiness kernel parameter to both high and low values, but nothing appears to change the behavior here. I'm at a loss to figure out what's going on. How can I find out what's causing this? Update: The system is a fully 64-bit system, so there should be no question of memory limitations due to 32-bit issues. Update2: As I mentioned in the original question, I've already tried tuning swappiness to all sorts of values, including 0. The result is always the same, with approximately 1.6 GB of memory remaining unused. Update3: Added top output to the above info.

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• Swap implication in Linux and way to increase it

  - by vimalnath

  I used top command to print this on Linux box: [root@localhost ~]# top top - 23:38:38 up 361 days, 12:16, 2 users, load average: 0.09, 0.06, 0.01 Tasks: 129 total, 2 running, 126 sleeping, 1 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0% us, 0.2% sy, 0.0% ni, 96.5% id, 3.4% wa, 0.0% hi, 0.0% si Mem: 2074712k total, 1996948k used, 77764k free, 16632k buffers Swap: 1052248k total, 1052248k used, 0k free, 331540k cached I am not sure what Swap:0k free means in the last line. Is this normal behavior for a linux box to have value of 0 Thanks

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• LaTeX-like display programming environment

  - by Gage

  I used to be a hobbyist programmer, but now I'm also a fairly experienced physicist and find myself programming to solve certain problems quite a lot. In physics, we use variables with superscripts, subscripts, italics, underlines, etc etc. To bridge this gap to the computer we usually use LaTeX. Now, I generally use MATLAB for handling any data and such, and find it very irritating that I can't basically use LaTeX for variable names. Something as simple as sy has to be named either sigma_y or some descriptive name like peak_height_error. I don't necessarily want full on workable LaTeX in my code, but I do want to be able to use greek letters and super/sub-scripts at the very least. Does this exist?

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• Rotate an image in a scaled context

  - by nathan

  Here is my working piece of code to rotate an image toward a point (in my case, the mouse cursor). float dx = newx - ploc.x; float dy = newy - ploc.y; float angle = (float) Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(dy, dx)); Where ploc is the location of the image i'm rotating. And here is the rendering code: g.rotate(loc.x + width / 2, loc.y + height / 2, angle); g.drawImage(frame, loc.x, loc.y); Where loc is the location of the image and "width" and "height" are respectively the width and height of the image. What changes are needed to make it works on a scaled context? e.g make it works with something like g.scale(sx, sy).

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• Split vector vs matrix notation for transformation

  - by seahorse

  Some rendering engines like Ogre prefer to use a individual vector based notation for transformations like the following Split vector notation: Net Transformation is represented by Scale vector = sx, sy, sz Transformation vector = tx, ty, tz Rotation Quaternion Vector = w,x,y,z Matrix notation: There are other engines which simply use a net combined transformation matrix. What are the advantages of the first notation over the second? Also for animation interpolation does it work in the first notation that we interpolate across the individual components and use the interpolated parts to get the net transformation? Is this another advantage?

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• windows system (bootloader) partition accidently deleted during multiple installs

  - by S.Y.T.

  After experimenting with multiple variations of backtrack and xbmcbuntu variations of Ubuntu with dual boot successfully, my windows partition became unrecognizable to grub. I used my windows boot CD to try to correct the problem. However, I deleted all partitions except for the NFTS one that contains my old windows install. (And, merged all other ones into that in hopes of getting back to the windows boot loader and out of grub) Now, all I get is a grub command prompt when I try and boot the system (how??? - I thought I deleted grub) And, now the windows boot disc doesn't even recognize the install. I've tried TRK to try and resolve the problem. Though I must admit ignorance in correctly using this utility. I've searched for other answers to this problem. Any help would be much appreciated. S.Y.

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• apache eats up too much ram per child

  - by mrc4r7m4n

  Hello to everyone. I've got fallowing problem: Apache eat to many ram per child. The fallowing comments shows: cat /etc/redhat-release -- Fedora release 8 (Werewolf) free -m: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3566 3136 429 0 339 1907 -/+ buffers/cache: 889 2676 Swap: 4322 0 4322 I know that you will say that there is nothing to worry about because swap is not use, but i think it's not use for now. 3.httpd -v: Server version: Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) 4.httpd -l: Compiled in modules: core.c mod_authn_file.c mod_authn_default.c mod_authz_host.c mod_authz_groupfile.c mod_authz_user.c mod_authz_default.c mod_auth_basic.c mod_include.c mod_filter.c mod_log_config.c mod_env.c mod_setenvif.c mod_version.c mod_ssl.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_mime.c mod_status.c mod_autoindex.c mod_asis.c mod_cgi.c mod_negotiation.c mod_dir.c mod_actions.c mod_userdir.c mod_alias.c mod_rewrite.c mod_so.c 5.List of loaded dynamic modules: LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so 6.My prefrok directive <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 8 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 25 ServerLimit 80 MaxClients 80 MaxRequestsPerChild 4000 </IfModule> KeepAliveTimeout 6 MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAlive On 7.top -u apache: ctrl+ M top - 09:19:42 up 2 days, 19 min, 2 users, load average: 0.85, 0.87, 0.80 Tasks: 113 total, 1 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 7.3%us, 15.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 75.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.7%hi, 0.7%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3652120k total, 3149964k used, 502156k free, 348048k buffers Swap: 4425896k total, 0k used, 4425896k free, 1944952k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 16956 apache 20 0 700m 135m 100m S 0.0 3.8 2:16.78 httpd 16953 apache 20 0 565m 130m 96m S 0.0 3.7 1:57.26 httpd 16957 apache 20 0 587m 129m 102m S 0.0 3.6 1:47.41 httpd 16955 apache 20 0 567m 126m 93m S 0.0 3.6 1:43.60 httpd 17494 apache 20 0 626m 125m 96m S 0.0 3.5 1:58.77 httpd 17515 apache 20 0 540m 120m 88m S 0.0 3.4 1:45.57 httpd 17516 apache 20 0 573m 120m 88m S 0.0 3.4 1:50.51 httpd 16954 apache 20 0 551m 120m 88m S 0.0 3.4 1:52.47 httpd 17493 apache 20 0 586m 120m 94m S 0.0 3.4 1:51.02 httpd 17279 apache 20 0 568m 117m 87m S 16.0 3.3 1:51.87 httpd 17302 apache 20 0 560m 116m 90m S 0.3 3.3 1:59.06 httpd 17495 apache 20 0 551m 116m 89m S 0.0 3.3 1:47.51 httpd 17277 apache 20 0 476m 114m 81m S 0.0 3.2 1:37.14 httpd 30097 apache 20 0 536m 113m 83m S 0.0 3.2 1:47.38 httpd 30112 apache 20 0 530m 112m 81m S 0.0 3.2 1:40.15 httpd 17513 apache 20 0 516m 112m 85m S 0.0 3.1 1:43.92 httpd 16958 apache 20 0 554m 111m 82m S 0.0 3.1 1:44.18 httpd 1617 apache 20 0 487m 111m 85m S 0.0 3.1 1:31.67 httpd 16952 apache 20 0 461m 107m 75m S 0.0 3.0 1:13.71 httpd 16951 apache 20 0 462m 103m 76m S 0.0 2.9 1:28.05 httpd 17278 apache 20 0 497m 103m 76m S 0.0 2.9 1:31.25 httpd 17403 apache 20 0 537m 102m 79m S 0.0 2.9 1:52.24 httpd 25081 apache 20 0 412m 101m 70m S 0.0 2.8 1:01.74 httpd I guess thats all information needed to help me solve this problem. I think the virt memory is to big, the same res. The consumption of ram is increasing all the time. Maybe it's memory leak because i see there is so many static modules compiled. Could someone help me with this issue? Thank you in advance. 8.ldd /usr/sbin/httpd linux-gate.so.1 => (0x0012d000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x0012e000) libpcre.so.0 => /lib/libpcre.so.0 (0x00157000) libselinux.so.1 => /lib/libselinux.so.1 (0x0017f000) libaprutil-1.so.0 => /usr/lib/libaprutil-1.so.0 (0x0019a000) libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x001b4000) libldap-2.3.so.0 => /usr/lib/libldap-2.3.so.0 (0x001e6000) liblber-2.3.so.0 => /usr/lib/liblber-2.3.so.0 (0x00220000) libdb-4.6.so => /lib/libdb-4.6.so (0x0022e000) libexpat.so.1 => /lib/libexpat.so.1 (0x00370000) libapr-1.so.0 => /usr/lib/libapr-1.so.0 (0x00391000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x003b9000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x003d2000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x003d7000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00110000) libuuid.so.1 => /lib/libuuid.so.1 (0x00530000) libresolv.so.2 => /lib/libresolv.so.2 (0x00534000) libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2 (0x00548000) libssl.so.6 => /lib/libssl.so.6 (0x00561000) libcrypto.so.6 => /lib/libcrypto.so.6 (0x005a6000) libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x006d9000) libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib/libkrb5.so.3 (0x00707000) libcom_err.so.2 => /lib/libcom_err.so.2 (0x0079a000) libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x0079d000) libz.so.1 => /lib/libz.so.1 (0x007c3000) libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x007d6000) libkeyutils.so.1 => /lib/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x007df000) Currently i cant restart the apache. I work in a company and now there is rush hours. I will do that about 5 pm. Current top -u apache: shift + M top - 12:31:33 up 2 days, 3:30, 1 user, load average: 0.73, 0.80, 0.79 Tasks: 114 total, 1 running, 113 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.3%us, 4.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 90.0%id, 1.3%wa, 0.3%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3652120k total, 3169720k used, 482400k free, 353372k buffers Swap: 4425896k total, 0k used, 4425896k free, 1978688k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 16957 apache 20 0 708m 145m 117m S 0.0 4.1 2:11.32 httpd 16956 apache 20 0 754m 142m 107m S 0.0 4.0 2:33.94 httpd 16955 apache 20 0 641m 136m 103m S 5.3 3.8 1:58.37 httpd 17515 apache 20 0 624m 131m 99m S 0.0 3.7 2:03.90 httpd 16954 apache 20 0 627m 130m 98m S 0.0 3.6 2:13.87 httpd 17302 apache 20 0 625m 124m 97m S 0.0 3.5 2:10.80 httpd 17403 apache 20 0 624m 114m 91m S 0.0 3.2 2:08.85 httpd 16952 apache 20 0 502m 114m 81m S 0.0 3.2 1:23.78 httpd 16186 apache 20 0 138m 61m 35m S 0.0 1.7 0:15.54 httpd 16169 apache 20 0 111m 49m 17m S 0.0 1.4 0:06.00 httpd 16190 apache 20 0 126m 48m 24m S 0.0 1.4 0:11.44 httpd 16191 apache 20 0 109m 48m 19m S 0.0 1.4 0:04.62 httpd 16163 apache 20 0 114m 48m 21m S 0.0 1.4 0:09.60 httpd 16183 apache 20 0 127m 48m 23m S 0.0 1.3 0:11.23 httpd 16189 apache 20 0 109m 47m 17m S 0.0 1.3 0:04.55 httpd 16201 apache 20 0 106m 47m 17m S 0.0 1.3 0:03.90 httpd 16193 apache 20 0 103m 46m 20m S 0.0 1.3 0:10.76 httpd 16188 apache 20 0 107m 45m 18m S 0.0 1.3 0:04.85 httpd 16168 apache 20 0 103m 44m 17m S 0.0 1.2 0:05.61 httpd 16187 apache 20 0 118m 41m 21m S 0.0 1.2 0:08.50 httpd 16184 apache 20 0 111m 41m 19m S 0.0 1.2 0:09.28 httpd 16206 apache 20 0 110m 41m 20m S 0.0 1.2 0:11.69 httpd 16199 apache 20 0 108m 40m 17m S 0.0 1.1 0:07.76 httpd 16166 apache 20 0 104m 37m 18m S 0.0 1.0 0:04.31 httpd 16185 apache 20 0 99.3m 36m 16m S 0.0 1.0 0:04.16 httpd as you can see the memory usage growing up from e.g. res( 135 to 145)m and it will be growing up till memory ends. Are you sure that this option i set up: <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 8 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 25 ServerLimit 80 MaxClients 80 MaxRequestsPerChild 4000 </IfModule> KeepAliveTimeout 6 MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAlive On are correct? Maybe i should decrease some of them? Another questions that bother me: I got e.g. static module mod_negotiation.c compiled into apache and the same module loaded as dynamic. Is this normal that i've loaded duplicated module. But when i want to remove dynamic module(mod_negotiation.c) from httpd.conf and then restart apache error appears. Now I cant tell this error message because i cant restart apache :( Hello again:) This is memory usage just after restart apache: top - 16:19:12 up 2 days, 7:18, 3 users, load average: 1.08, 0.91, 0.91 Tasks: 109 total, 2 running, 107 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 17.0%us, 25.7%sy, 51.0%ni, 4.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.3%hi, 1.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3652120k total, 2762516k used, 889604k free, 361552k buffers Swap: 4425896k total, 0k used, 4425896k free, 2020980k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 13569 apache 20 0 93416 43m 15m S 0.0 1.2 0:02.55 httpd 13575 apache 20 0 98356 38m 16m S 32.3 1.1 0:02.55 httpd 13571 apache 20 0 86808 33m 12m S 0.0 0.9 0:02.60 httpd 13568 apache 20 0 86760 33m 12m S 0.0 0.9 0:00.81 httpd 13570 apache 20 0 83480 33m 12m S 0.0 0.9 0:00.51 httpd 13572 apache 20 0 63520 5916 1548 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.02 httpd 13573 apache 20 0 63520 5916 1548 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.02 httpd 13574 apache 20 0 63520 5916 1548 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.02 httpd 13761 apache 20 0 63388 5128 860 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 httpd 13762 apache 20 0 63388 5128 860 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 httpd 13763 apache 20 0 63388 5128 860 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 httpd I will try to compile apache from source to newest version. Thx for help guys.

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• IIS SSL error "ssl_error_rx_record_too_long"

  - by Kostas

  I have created a certificate using the following SSL command: makecert -r -pe -n "CN=www.yourserver.com" -b 01/01/2000 -e 01/01/2036 -eku 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1 -ss my -sr localMachine -sky exchange -sp "Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider" -sy 12 I assigned it to a web site on IIS, but when I try to hit the url of the web site I receive: "SSL received a record that exceeded the maximum permissible length. (Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long)" when using Firefox. May somebody help? Thanks

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• GCC4.2 build warning : Default deployment version is greater than the max value for the iPhone simul

  - by user255403

  Hi I upgraded an iPhone project from the 2.2.1 SDK to 3.0 SDK recently... And when I build the project I am getting the following warning: GCC 4.2 default deployment target 10.6.2 for architecture 'i386' and variant 'normal' is greater than the maximum value 10.6 for the Simulator - iPhone OS 3.1.2 SDK I have the iPhone OS Deployment target set to iPhone OS 3.0 Any idea what could be causing this 'warning' to show up. Regards - SY

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• Displaying Image On SmallBASIC

  - by Nathan Campos

  I want to display a image using SmallBASIC. For this I've started by searching on the references, then I found a reference for IMAGE, that is like this: IMAGE #handle, index, x, y [,sx,sy [,w,h]] Then I found another to open files(OPEN): OPEN file [FOR {INPUT|OUTPUT|APPEND}] AS #fileN But I want to know some things: What image types this function can display? There is any real example to use IMAGE?

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• How to find same-value rectangular areas of a given size in a matrix most efficiently?

  - by neo

  My problem is very simple but I haven't found an efficient implementation yet. Suppose there is a matrix A like this: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 2 2 2 0 0 4 4 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Now I want to find all starting positions of rectangular areas in this matrix which have a given size. An area is a subset of A where all numbers are the same. Let's say width=2 and height=3. There are 3 areas which have this size: 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 The result of the function call would be a list of starting positions (x,y starting with 0) of those areas. List((2,1),(3,1),(5,0)) The following is my current implementation. "Areas" are called "surfaces" here. case class Dimension2D(width: Int, height: Int) case class Position2D(x: Int, y: Int) def findFlatSurfaces(matrix: Array[Array[Int]], surfaceSize: Dimension2D): List[Position2D] = { val matrixWidth = matrix.length val matrixHeight = matrix(0).length var resultPositions: List[Position2D] = Nil for (y <- 0 to matrixHeight - surfaceSize.height) { var x = 0 while (x <= matrixWidth - surfaceSize.width) { val topLeft = matrix(x)(y) val topRight = matrix(x + surfaceSize.width - 1)(y) val bottomLeft = matrix(x)(y + surfaceSize.height - 1) val bottomRight = matrix(x + surfaceSize.width - 1)(y + surfaceSize.height - 1) // investigate further if corners are equal if (topLeft == bottomLeft && topLeft == topRight && topLeft == bottomRight) { breakable { for (sx <- x until x + surfaceSize.width; sy <- y until y + surfaceSize.height) { if (matrix(sx)(sy) != topLeft) { x = if (x == sx) sx + 1 else sx break } } // found one! resultPositions ::= Position2D(x, y) x += 1 } } else if (topRight != bottomRight) { // can skip x a bit as there won't be a valid match in current row in this area x += surfaceSize.width } else { x += 1 } } } return resultPositions } I already tried to include some optimizations in it but I am sure that there are far better solutions. Is there a matlab function existing for it which I could port? I'm also wondering whether this problem has its own name as I didn't exactly know what to google for. Thanks for thinking about it! I'm excited to see your proposals or solutions :)

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• usleep() php5 uses 40% of idle CPU

  - by Marcin

  Hi guys I have a weird question, I have a cli php script which uses usleep (somtimes 1sec, sometimes 2sec, somtimes 100ms it depends) if there is some wait required, but what I have noticed its that once on usleep() it seems to use about 40% of idle CPU: Cpu(s): 5.3%us, 21.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 57.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 16.1%st any ideas ? cheers

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• Where's the Swap File/Partition?

  - by chrisbunney

  I'm investigating the virtual memory configuration of a Debian based Amazon EC2 instance, and as my background isn't in system admin, I'm slightly confused by what I'm seeing. We're using MongoDB, and the monitoring server we have indicates that the Mongo process is using about 20GB of swap space, however I can't figure out where this is located on the server. As far as I can tell from using the various suggested methods from Google, there is either a much smaller amount, or none at all. top indicates that there is 1.8GB of swap memory: top - 15:35:21 up 6 days, 3:23, 1 user, load average: 1.60, 1.43, 1.37 Tasks: 47 total, 2 running, 45 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 1.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 14.7%id, 83.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.1%st Mem: 3928924k total, 2855572k used, 1073352k free, 640564k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 1887788k cached swapon -s doesn't seem to think there's any swap space: Filename Type Size Used Priority free -m doesn't think there's any swap either: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3836 3663 172 0 626 2701 -/+ buffers/cache: 336 3500 Swap: 0 0 0 And neither does vmstat: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 3 0 66224 641372 2874744 0 0 21 5012 21 33 2 2 76 19 But cat /etc/fstab thinks there is a swap partition: /dev/xvda1 / ext3 defaults 1 1 /dev/xvda2 /mnt ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/xvda3 swap swap defaults 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 However df -k gives no indication of the xvda3 partition: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 16513960 15675324 0 100% / tmpfs 1964460 8 1964452 1% /lib/init/rw udev 1914148 28 1914120 1% /dev tmpfs 1964460 4 1964456 1% /dev/shm So I really don't know what to make of this, because I appear to have a process using about 10 times more virtual memory than what might be available, and I have no idea where this virtual memory is on the system. I'm probably misinterpreting the output of the tools, so I'd be grateful if someone would be able to set me straight: What have I got wrong, what's the right interpretation, and how do you reach that interpretation? EDIT0: We use 10gen's MMS for monitoring the database, the relevant section for memory from the last data point is: "mem": { "virtual": 20749, "bits": 64, "supported": true, "mappedWithJournal": 20376, "mapped": 10188, "resident": 1219 }, This JSON is specific to the database process (I believe) rather than the system as a whole. fdisk -l /dev/xvda outputs... nothing? I tried each of the 3 xvda entries in /etc/fstab as well: root@ip:~# fdisk -l /dev/xvda1 Disk /dev/xvda1: 34.4 GB, 34359738368 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4177 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table root@ip:~# fdisk -l /dev/xvda2 root@ip:~# fdisk -l /dev/xvda3 root@ip:~# Edit1: Output of cat /proc/meminfo for the sake of completeness: MemTotal: 3928924 kB MemFree: 726600 kB Buffers: 648368 kB Cached: 2216556 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1945100 kB Inactive: 994016 kB Active(anon): 60476 kB Inactive(anon): 12952 kB Active(file): 1884624 kB Inactive(file): 981064 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Dirty: 387180 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 73380 kB Mapped: 1188260 kB Shmem: 48 kB Slab: 149768 kB SReclaimable: 146076 kB SUnreclaim: 3692 kB KernelStack: 1104 kB PageTables: 16096 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 1964460 kB Committed_AS: 305572 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 16760 kB VmallocChunk: 34359721448 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 3932160 kB DirectMap2M: 0 kB

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• Performance Tuning a High-Load Apache Server

  - by futureal

  I am looking to understand some server performance problems I am seeing with a (for us) heavily loaded web server. The environment is as follows: Debian Lenny (all stable packages + patched to security updates) Apache 2.2.9 PHP 5.2.6 Amazon EC2 large instance The behavior we're seeing is that the web typically feels responsive, but with a slight delay to begin handling a request -- sometimes a fraction of a second, sometimes 2-3 seconds in our peak usage times. The actual load on the server is being reported as very high -- often 10.xx or 20.xx as reported by top. Further, running other things on the server during these times (even vi) is very slow, so the load is definitely up there. Oddly enough Apache remains very responsive, other than that initial delay. We have Apache configured as follows, using prefork: StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 And KeepAlive as: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5 Looking at the server-status page, even at these times of heavy load we are rarely hitting the client cap, usually serving between 80-100 requests and many of those in the keepalive state. That tells me to rule out the initial request slowness as "waiting for a handler" but I may be wrong. Amazon's CloudWatch monitoring tells me that even when our OS is reporting a load of 15, our instance CPU utilization is between 75-80%. Example output from top: top - 15:47:06 up 31 days, 1:38, 8 users, load average: 11.46, 7.10, 6.56 Tasks: 221 total, 28 running, 193 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 66.9%us, 22.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 2.6%id, 3.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.7%si, 4.5%st Mem: 7871900k total, 7850624k used, 21276k free, 68728k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3750664k cached The majority of the processes look like: 24720 www-data 15 0 202m 26m 4412 S 9 0.3 0:02.97 apache2 24530 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4544 S 7 0.5 0:03.05 apache2 24846 www-data 15 0 209m 33m 4420 S 7 0.4 0:01.03 apache2 24083 www-data 15 0 211m 35m 4484 S 7 0.5 0:07.14 apache2 24615 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4404 S 7 0.5 0:02.89 apache2 Example output from vmstat at the same time as the above: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 8 0 0 215084 68908 3774864 0 0 154 228 5 7 32 12 42 9 6 21 0 198948 68936 3775740 0 0 676 2363 4022 1047 56 16 9 15 23 0 0 169460 68936 3776356 0 0 432 1372 3762 835 76 21 0 0 23 1 0 140412 68936 3776648 0 0 280 0 3157 827 70 25 0 0 20 1 0 115892 68936 3776792 0 0 188 8 2802 532 68 24 0 0 6 1 0 133368 68936 3777780 0 0 752 71 3501 878 67 29 0 1 0 1 0 146656 68944 3778064 0 0 308 2052 3312 850 38 17 19 24 2 0 0 202104 68952 3778140 0 0 28 90 2617 700 44 13 33 5 9 0 0 188960 68956 3778200 0 0 8 0 2226 475 59 17 6 2 3 0 0 166364 68956 3778252 0 0 0 21 2288 386 65 19 1 0 And finally, output from Apache's server-status: Server uptime: 31 days 2 hours 18 minutes 31 seconds Total accesses: 60102946 - Total Traffic: 974.5 GB CPU Usage: u209.62 s75.19 cu0 cs0 - .0106% CPU load 22.4 requests/sec - 380.3 kB/second - 17.0 kB/request 107 requests currently being processed, 6 idle workers C.KKKW..KWWKKWKW.KKKCKK..KKK.KKKK.KK._WK.K.K.KKKKK.K.R.KK..C.C.K K.C.K..WK_K..KKW_CK.WK..W.KKKWKCKCKW.W_KKKKK.KKWKKKW._KKK.CKK... KK_KWKKKWKCKCWKK.KKKCK.......................................... ................................................................ From my limited experience I draw the following conclusions/questions: We may be allowing far too many KeepAlive requests I do see some time spent waiting for IO in the vmstat although not consistently and not a lot (I think?) so I am not sure this is a big concern or not, I am less experienced with vmstat Also in vmstat, I see in some iterations a number of processes waiting to be served, which is what I am attributing the initial page load delay on our web server to, possibly erroneously We serve a mixture of static content (75% or higher) and script content, and the script content is often fairly processor intensive, so finding the right balance between the two is important; long term we want to move statics elsewhere to optimize both servers but our software is not ready for that today I am happy to provide additional information if anybody has any ideas, the other note is that this is a high-availability production installation so I am wary of making tweak after tweak, and is why I haven't played with things like the KeepAlive value myself yet.

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• Apache load balancer limits with Tomcat over AJP

  - by PAS

  Hi All, I have Apache acting as a load balancer in front of 3 Tomcat servers. Occasionally, Apache returns 503 responses, which I would like to remove completely. All 4 servers are not under significant load in terms of CPU, memory, or disk, so I am a little unsure what is reaching it's limits or why. 503s are returned when all workers are in error state - whatever that means. Here are the details: Apache config: <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 30 MinSpareServers 30 MaxSpareServers 60 MaxClients 200 MaxRequestsPerChild 1000 </IfModule> ... <Proxy *> AddDefaultCharset Off Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> # Tomcat HA cluster <Proxy balancer://mycluster> BalancerMember ajp://10.176.201.9:8009 keepalive=On retry=1 timeout=1 ping=1 BalancerMember ajp://10.176.201.10:8009 keepalive=On retry=1 timeout=1 ping=1 BalancerMember ajp://10.176.219.168:8009 keepalive=On retry=1 timeout=1 ping=1 </Proxy> # Passes thru track. or api. ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyStatus On # Original tracker ProxyPass /m balancer://mycluster/m ProxyPassReverse /m balancer://mycluster/m Tomcat config: <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Service name="Catalina"> <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false"> </Engine> </Service> </Server> Apache error log: [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] (70007)The timeout specified has expired: proxy: AJP: attempt to connect to 10.176.201.10:8009 (10.176.201.10) failed [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] ap_proxy_connect_backend disabling worker for (10.176.201.10) [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] proxy: AJP: failed to make connection to backend: 10.176.201.10 [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] (70007)The timeout specified has expired: proxy: AJP: attempt to connect to 10.176.201.9:8009 (10.176.201.9) failed [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] ap_proxy_connect_backend disabling worker for (10.176.201.9) [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] proxy: AJP: failed to make connection to backend: 10.176.201.9 [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] (70007)The timeout specified has expired: proxy: AJP: attempt to connect to 10.176.219.168:8009 (10.176.219.168) failed [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] ap_proxy_connect_backend disabling worker for (10.176.219.168) [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] proxy: AJP: failed to make connection to backend: 10.176.219.168 [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] proxy: BALANCER: (balancer://mycluster). All workers are in error state [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] proxy: BALANCER: (balancer://mycluster). All workers are in error state [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] proxy: BALANCER: (balancer://mycluster). All workers are in error state [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] proxy: BALANCER: (balancer://mycluster). All workers are in error state [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] proxy: BALANCER: (balancer://mycluster). All workers are in error state [Mon Mar 22 18:39:47 2010] [error] proxy: BALANCER: (balancer://mycluster). All workers are in error state Load balancer top info: top - 23:44:11 up 210 days, 4:32, 1 user, load average: 0.10, 0.11, 0.09 Tasks: 135 total, 2 running, 133 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.2%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.3%st Mem: 524508k total, 517132k used, 7376k free, 9124k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 352k used, 1048216k free, 334720k cached Tomcat top info: top - 23:47:12 up 210 days, 3:07, 1 user, load average: 0.02, 0.04, 0.00 Tasks: 63 total, 1 running, 62 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.8%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2097372k total, 2080888k used, 16484k free, 21464k buffers Swap: 4194296k total, 380k used, 4193916k free, 1520912k cached Catalina.out does not have any error messages in it. According to Apache's server status, it seems to be maxing out at 143 requests/sec. I believe the servers can handle substantially more load than they are, so any hints about low default limits or other reasons why this setup would be maxing out would be greatly appreciated.

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• Need help trouble shooting high CPU usage by PHP-fpm

  - by user432506

  There is a problem that is driving me crazy. After the day I tried to fix the CPU usage problem of my VPS, the CPU load has grown from 60% to 150%, and I have no idea what causes the problem. Please help me. I had installed a copy of mediawiki on a Linode 1024. The wiki is running on Niginx + PHP-fpm + MySql. The wiki doesn't have much traffic, only around 4000 requests/day, mostly from Google and Bing bots. It had been using around 60% (of total 400% on the Linode) of the CPU before. I thought it was a bit high, so two day ago, I was trying to fix the problem (not knowing what was waiting for me). I did nothing but added a new empty line to wiki's configure file, which would change the modified time of the configure file, and then all the cached page files would be set invalidated. I had done that before, and that would cause high CPU usage, but normally it would take only hours to let things back to normal again. Not this time, my CPU usage has been around 150% for more than two days. It is php-fpm using most of CPU reassures. Using 100% of three cores is not rare. I hadn't seen that before. There are other sites on the Linode, but it should be the wiki. Because if I offline the wiki, CPU usage will drop back to around 40% soon. The day I also duplicated php-fpm.conf, and opened it, but didn't changed it. I have no idea what I did wrong. I here ask for help to save myself from being crazy!!! It is php-fpm. Is there a way to find out what is it doing? I mean like which scripts are related and what function codes are running? top: top - 06:34:33 up 10 days, 4:23, 2 users, load average: 1.10, 1.24, 1.37 Tasks: 76 total, 4 running, 72 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 61.1%us, 3.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 32.8%id, 2.9%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.1%st Mem: 1028684k total, 945192k used, 83492k free, 89580k buffers Swap: 524284k total, 18084k used, 506200k free, 530380k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 26721 www-data 20 0 208m 54m 34m R 99 5.4 0:09.07 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26592 www-data 20 0 207m 45m 26m R 91 4.5 0:12.77 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26706 www-data 20 0 196m 43m 34m S 47 4.3 0:15.19 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26583 www-data 20 0 197m 45m 35m S 33 4.5 0:19.08 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26787 www-data 20 0 206m 36m 18m R 25 3.7 0:00.41 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26661 www-data 20 0 207m 46m 26m S 13 4.6 0:19.87 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 1971 mysql 20 0 155m 57m 3952 S 8 5.7 383:57.81 /usr/sbin/mysqld 242 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 0:51.36 [kworker/3:1] 5711 root 20 0 139m 95m 580 S 1 9.5 0:41.30 /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -u root -m 128 -p 11211 19463 root 20 0 190m 3984 1284 S 1 0.4 0:02.66 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 29100 www-data 20 0 10928 5540 820 S 1 0.5 4:49.05 nginx: worker process vmstat 30 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 16912 81456 90784 554172 0 0 4 6 3 2 11 1 87 1 0 0 16912 78036 91000 555356 0 0 38 34 1397 375 12 1 87 0 4 0 16912 31776 91528 557508 0 0 78 42 3197 487 45 1 52 1 1 0 16912 83356 91768 558576 0 0 35 56 2608 449 32 1 67 1 1 0 16912 81548 92040 559720 0 0 41 31 1243 432 8 1 91 1 2 0 16912 53056 92332 562744 0 0 105 33 2013 581 17 1 81 1 2 0 16912 73236 92552 564844 0 0 68 36 1968 615 16 1 82 1 0 0 16912 91612 92904 566676 0 0 69 35 1845 692 13 1 85 1 1 0 16912 71248 93180 568428 0 0 58 33 1952 604 15 1 82 1 1 0 16868 55952 93516 572660 1 0 144 42 1801 637 12 1 86 1 2 0 16868 48324 94416 577844 0 0 189 66 2058 702 17 1 80 2 1 0 16928 58644 94592 578184 0 2 160 49 2578 723 25 1 70 3 5 0 16928 22600 94980 580568 0 0 89 32 1496 361 13 0 85 1 0 0 16988 49256 94500 576396 0 2 41 37 1601 426 14 1 85 0 5 0 18084 24336 86032 502748 0 37 83 68 2989 562 42 1 56 0 1 0 18084 123604 86376 506996 0 0 118 41 2201 573 22 1 76 1 2 0 18084 126984 86752 508876 0 0 64 53 1620 490 13 1 85 1 2 0 18084 103104 87148 510768 0 0 71 37 2757 602 33 1 64 1

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• What does %st mean in top?

  - by Ben

  Here is an example from my top: Cpu(s): 6.0%us, 3.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 78.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 12.0%st I am trying to figure out the significance of the %st field. I read that it means steal cpu and it represents time spent by the hypervisor, but I want to know what that actually means to me. Does it mean I may be on a busy physical server and someone else is using too much CPU on the server and they are taking from my VM? If I am using EBS could it be related to handling EBS I/O at the hypervisor level? Is it related to things running on my VM or is it completely unaffected by me?

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• Server crashes when too much memory is allocated

  - by lindenb

  Hi all, my server crashes whenever one of my users is running a 'R' script (this script requires a large amount of memory). Below is the last top I saw: top - 11:32:39 up 20 min, 4 users, load average: 1.08, 0.85, 0.46 Tasks: 336 total, 2 running, 334 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 93.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 65939968k total, 5131440k used, 60808528k free, 88256k buffers Swap: 68124664k total, 0k used, 68124664k free, 1077612k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10392 cdina 25 0 3702m 3.5g 2428 R 100.0 5.6 7:51.82 R 10430 root 15 0 12872 1272 804 R 0.7 0.0 0:02.42 top 1 root 15 0 10348 704 592 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.95 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 is there a way to prevent my server from crashing ("don't run that script" is not an option :-) ) ? something like fixing a 'quota' for the memory allowed ?

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• HIGH CPU usage by PHP on a VPS Magento Server

  - by Anil

  My server running magento is 4gb ram and 4 core cpu. But still i am struggling with the high CPU usage. I only have 10 visitors at any given point of time. I am not sure if the PHP has to take this high % CPU usage. Attached is the TOP result. top - 09:18:32 up 2 days, 15:44, 1 user, load average: 1.16, 2.02, 1.99 Tasks: 179 total, 2 running, 177 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 46.7%us, 3.9%sy, 0.1%ni, 46.9%id, 1.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 1.4%st Mem: 3919972k total, 3164968k used, 755004k free, 530820k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 379352k used, 669216k free, 1536388k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 15897 vpsadmin 20 0 431m 168m 54m R 91.7 4.4 2:16.16 php-cgi 12308 vpsadmin 20 0 404m 163m 73m S 29.3 4.3 15:15.90 php-cgi 3644 mysql 20 0 1528m 80m 4944 S 9.8 2.1 1899:58 mysqld 4969 apache 20 0 471m 6228 2824 S 2.0 0.2 0:18.53 httpd 16148 root 20 0 15024 1220 864 R 2.0 0.0 0:00.01 top 1 root 20 0 19364 1064 844 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.50 init

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• What and why is my swap space used under linux

  - by Fabian

  on my linux system I get these stats from top: Tasks: 155 total, 1 running, 153 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 1.5%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.4%id, 0.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8177180k total, 2025504k used, 6151676k free, 44176k buffers Swap: 7999996k total, 495300k used, 7504696k free, 637612k cached There it shows me that my system is using 495Mb of swap. Why is this so? 6Gigs of ram are free. And if I would disable swap entirely the system would also work. Any explanation what the number really shows or who is swapping?

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