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• Taming Hopping Windows

  - by Roman Schindlauer

  At first glance, hopping windows seem fairly innocuous and obvious. They organize events into windows with a simple periodic definition: the windows have some duration d (e.g. a window covers 5 second time intervals), an interval or period p (e.g. a new window starts every 2 seconds) and an alignment a (e.g. one of those windows starts at 12:00 PM on March 15, 2012 UTC). var wins = xs     .HoppingWindow(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),                    new DateTime(2012, 3, 15, 12, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)); Logically, there is a window with start time a + np and end time a + np + d for every integer n. That’s a lot of windows. So why doesn’t the following query (always) blow up? var query = wins.Select(win => win.Count()); A few users have asked why StreamInsight doesn’t produce output for empty windows. Primarily it’s because there is an infinite number of empty windows! (Actually, StreamInsight uses DateTimeOffset.MaxValue to approximate “the end of time” and DateTimeOffset.MinValue to approximate “the beginning of time”, so the number of windows is lower in practice.) That was the good news. Now the bad news. Events also have duration. Consider the following simple input: var xs = this.Application                 .DefineEnumerable(() => new[]                     { EdgeEvent.CreateStart(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow, 0) })                 .ToStreamable(AdvanceTimeSettings.IncreasingStartTime); Because the event has no explicit end edge, it lasts until the end of time. So there are lots of non-empty windows if we apply a hopping window to that single event! For this reason, we need to be careful with hopping window queries in StreamInsight. Or we can switch to a custom implementation of hopping windows that doesn’t suffer from this shortcoming. The alternate window implementation produces output only when the input changes. We start by breaking up the timeline into non-overlapping intervals assigned to each window. In figure 1, six hopping windows (“Windows”) are assigned to six intervals (“Assignments”) in the timeline. Next we take input events (“Events”) and alter their lifetimes (“Altered Events”) so that they cover the intervals of the windows they intersect. In figure 1, you can see that the first event e1 intersects windows w1 and w2 so it is adjusted to cover assignments a1 and a2. Finally, we can use snapshot windows (“Snapshots”) to produce output for the hopping windows. Notice however that instead of having six windows generating output, we have only four. The first and second snapshots correspond to the first and second hopping windows. The remaining snapshots however cover two hopping windows each! While in this example we saved only two events, the savings can be more significant when the ratio of event duration to window duration is higher. Figure 1: Timeline The implementation of this strategy is straightforward. We need to set the start times of events to the start time of the interval assigned to the earliest window including the start time. Similarly, we need to modify the end times of events to the end time of the interval assigned to the latest window including the end time. The following snap-to-boundary function that rounds a timestamp value t down to the nearest value t' <= t such that t' is a + np for some integer n will be useful. For convenience, we will represent both DateTime and TimeSpan values using long ticks: static long SnapToBoundary(long t, long a, long p) {     return t - ((t - a) % p) - (t > a ? 0L : p); } How do we find the earliest window including the start time for an event? It’s the window following the last window that does not include the start time assuming that there are no gaps in the windows (i.e. duration < interval), and limitation of this solution. To find the end time of that antecedent window, we need to know the alignment of window ends: long e = a + (d % p); Using the window end alignment, we are finally ready to describe the start time selector: static long AdjustStartTime(long t, long e, long p) {     return SnapToBoundary(t, e, p) + p; } To find the latest window including the end time for an event, we look for the last window start time (non-inclusive): public static long AdjustEndTime(long t, long a, long d, long p) {     return SnapToBoundary(t - 1, a, p) + p + d; } Bringing it together, we can define the translation from events to ‘altered events’ as in Figure 1: public static IQStreamable<T> SnapToWindowIntervals<T>(IQStreamable<T> source, TimeSpan duration, TimeSpan interval, DateTime alignment) {     if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source");     // reason about DateTime and TimeSpan in ticks     long d = Math.Min(DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks, duration.Ticks);     long p = Math.Min(DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks, Math.Abs(interval.Ticks));     // set alignment to earliest possible window     var a = alignment.ToUniversalTime().Ticks % p;     // verify constraints of this solution     if (d <= 0L) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("duration"); }     if (p == 0L || p > d) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("interval"); }     // find the alignment of window ends     long e = a + (d % p);     return source.AlterEventLifetime(         evt => ToDateTime(AdjustStartTime(evt.StartTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks, e, p)),         evt => ToDateTime(AdjustEndTime(evt.EndTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks, a, d, p)) -             ToDateTime(AdjustStartTime(evt.StartTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks, e, p))); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(long ticks) {     // just snap to min or max value rather than under/overflowing     return ticks < DateTime.MinValue.Ticks         ? new DateTime(DateTime.MinValue.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc)         : ticks > DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks         ? new DateTime(DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc)         : new DateTime(ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc); } Finally, we can describe our custom hopping window operator: public static IQWindowedStreamable<T> HoppingWindow2<T>(     IQStreamable<T> source,     TimeSpan duration,     TimeSpan interval,     DateTime alignment) {     if (source == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); }     return SnapToWindowIntervals(source, duration, interval, alignment).SnapshotWindow(); } By switching from HoppingWindow to HoppingWindow2 in the following example, the query returns quickly rather than gobbling resources and ultimately failing! public void Main() {     var start = new DateTimeOffset(new DateTime(2012, 6, 28), TimeSpan.Zero);     var duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5);     var interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2);     var alignment = new DateTime(2012, 3, 15, 12, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);     var events = this.Application.DefineEnumerable(() => new[]     {         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(0), "e0"),         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(1), "e1"),         EdgeEvent.CreateEnd(start.AddSeconds(1), start.AddSeconds(2), "e1"),         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(3), "e2"),         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(9), "e3"),         EdgeEvent.CreateEnd(start.AddSeconds(3), start.AddSeconds(10), "e2"),         EdgeEvent.CreateEnd(start.AddSeconds(9), start.AddSeconds(10), "e3"),     }).ToStreamable(AdvanceTimeSettings.IncreasingStartTime);     var adjustedEvents = SnapToWindowIntervals(events, duration, interval, alignment);     var query = from win in HoppingWindow2(events, duration, interval, alignment)                 select win.Count();     DisplayResults(adjustedEvents, "Adjusted Events");     DisplayResults(query, "Query"); } As you can see, instead of producing a massive number of windows for the open start edge e0, a single window is emitted from 12:00:15 AM until the end of time: Adjusted Events StartTime EndTime Payload 6/28/2012 12:00:01 AM 12/31/9999 11:59:59 PM e0 6/28/2012 12:00:03 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:07 AM e1 6/28/2012 12:00:05 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM e2 6/28/2012 12:00:11 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM e3 Query StartTime EndTime Payload 6/28/2012 12:00:01 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:03 AM 1 6/28/2012 12:00:03 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:05 AM 2 6/28/2012 12:00:05 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:07 AM 3 6/28/2012 12:00:07 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:11 AM 2 6/28/2012 12:00:11 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM 3 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM 12/31/9999 11:59:59 PM 1 Regards, The StreamInsight Team

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• Taming Hopping Windows

  - by Roman Schindlauer

  At first glance, hopping windows seem fairly innocuous and obvious. They organize events into windows with a simple periodic definition: the windows have some duration d (e.g. a window covers 5 second time intervals), an interval or period p (e.g. a new window starts every 2 seconds) and an alignment a (e.g. one of those windows starts at 12:00 PM on March 15, 2012 UTC). var wins = xs     .HoppingWindow(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),                    new DateTime(2012, 3, 15, 12, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc)); Logically, there is a window with start time a + np and end time a + np + d for every integer n. That’s a lot of windows. So why doesn’t the following query (always) blow up? var query = wins.Select(win => win.Count()); A few users have asked why StreamInsight doesn’t produce output for empty windows. Primarily it’s because there is an infinite number of empty windows! (Actually, StreamInsight uses DateTimeOffset.MaxValue to approximate “the end of time” and DateTimeOffset.MinValue to approximate “the beginning of time”, so the number of windows is lower in practice.) That was the good news. Now the bad news. Events also have duration. Consider the following simple input: var xs = this.Application                 .DefineEnumerable(() => new[]                     { EdgeEvent.CreateStart(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow, 0) })                 .ToStreamable(AdvanceTimeSettings.IncreasingStartTime); Because the event has no explicit end edge, it lasts until the end of time. So there are lots of non-empty windows if we apply a hopping window to that single event! For this reason, we need to be careful with hopping window queries in StreamInsight. Or we can switch to a custom implementation of hopping windows that doesn’t suffer from this shortcoming. The alternate window implementation produces output only when the input changes. We start by breaking up the timeline into non-overlapping intervals assigned to each window. In figure 1, six hopping windows (“Windows”) are assigned to six intervals (“Assignments”) in the timeline. Next we take input events (“Events”) and alter their lifetimes (“Altered Events”) so that they cover the intervals of the windows they intersect. In figure 1, you can see that the first event e1 intersects windows w1 and w2 so it is adjusted to cover assignments a1 and a2. Finally, we can use snapshot windows (“Snapshots”) to produce output for the hopping windows. Notice however that instead of having six windows generating output, we have only four. The first and second snapshots correspond to the first and second hopping windows. The remaining snapshots however cover two hopping windows each! While in this example we saved only two events, the savings can be more significant when the ratio of event duration to window duration is higher. Figure 1: Timeline The implementation of this strategy is straightforward. We need to set the start times of events to the start time of the interval assigned to the earliest window including the start time. Similarly, we need to modify the end times of events to the end time of the interval assigned to the latest window including the end time. The following snap-to-boundary function that rounds a timestamp value t down to the nearest value t' <= t such that t' is a + np for some integer n will be useful. For convenience, we will represent both DateTime and TimeSpan values using long ticks: static long SnapToBoundary(long t, long a, long p) {     return t - ((t - a) % p) - (t > a ? 0L : p); } How do we find the earliest window including the start time for an event? It’s the window following the last window that does not include the start time assuming that there are no gaps in the windows (i.e. duration < interval), and limitation of this solution. To find the end time of that antecedent window, we need to know the alignment of window ends: long e = a + (d % p); Using the window end alignment, we are finally ready to describe the start time selector: static long AdjustStartTime(long t, long e, long p) {     return SnapToBoundary(t, e, p) + p; } To find the latest window including the end time for an event, we look for the last window start time (non-inclusive): public static long AdjustEndTime(long t, long a, long d, long p) {     return SnapToBoundary(t - 1, a, p) + p + d; } Bringing it together, we can define the translation from events to ‘altered events’ as in Figure 1: public static IQStreamable<T> SnapToWindowIntervals<T>(IQStreamable<T> source, TimeSpan duration, TimeSpan interval, DateTime alignment) {     if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source");     // reason about DateTime and TimeSpan in ticks     long d = Math.Min(DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks, duration.Ticks);     long p = Math.Min(DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks, Math.Abs(interval.Ticks));     // set alignment to earliest possible window     var a = alignment.ToUniversalTime().Ticks % p;     // verify constraints of this solution     if (d <= 0L) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("duration"); }     if (p == 0L || p > d) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("interval"); }     // find the alignment of window ends     long e = a + (d % p);     return source.AlterEventLifetime(         evt => ToDateTime(AdjustStartTime(evt.StartTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks, e, p)),         evt => ToDateTime(AdjustEndTime(evt.EndTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks, a, d, p)) -             ToDateTime(AdjustStartTime(evt.StartTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks, e, p))); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(long ticks) {     // just snap to min or max value rather than under/overflowing     return ticks < DateTime.MinValue.Ticks         ? new DateTime(DateTime.MinValue.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc)         : ticks > DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks         ? new DateTime(DateTime.MaxValue.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc)         : new DateTime(ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc); } Finally, we can describe our custom hopping window operator: public static IQWindowedStreamable<T> HoppingWindow2<T>(     IQStreamable<T> source,     TimeSpan duration,     TimeSpan interval,     DateTime alignment) {     if (source == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("source"); }     return SnapToWindowIntervals(source, duration, interval, alignment).SnapshotWindow(); } By switching from HoppingWindow to HoppingWindow2 in the following example, the query returns quickly rather than gobbling resources and ultimately failing! public void Main() {     var start = new DateTimeOffset(new DateTime(2012, 6, 28), TimeSpan.Zero);     var duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5);     var interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2);     var alignment = new DateTime(2012, 3, 15, 12, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);     var events = this.Application.DefineEnumerable(() => new[]     {         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(0), "e0"),         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(1), "e1"),         EdgeEvent.CreateEnd(start.AddSeconds(1), start.AddSeconds(2), "e1"),         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(3), "e2"),         EdgeEvent.CreateStart(start.AddSeconds(9), "e3"),         EdgeEvent.CreateEnd(start.AddSeconds(3), start.AddSeconds(10), "e2"),         EdgeEvent.CreateEnd(start.AddSeconds(9), start.AddSeconds(10), "e3"),     }).ToStreamable(AdvanceTimeSettings.IncreasingStartTime);     var adjustedEvents = SnapToWindowIntervals(events, duration, interval, alignment);     var query = from win in HoppingWindow2(events, duration, interval, alignment)                 select win.Count();     DisplayResults(adjustedEvents, "Adjusted Events");     DisplayResults(query, "Query"); } As you can see, instead of producing a massive number of windows for the open start edge e0, a single window is emitted from 12:00:15 AM until the end of time: Adjusted Events StartTime EndTime Payload 6/28/2012 12:00:01 AM 12/31/9999 11:59:59 PM e0 6/28/2012 12:00:03 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:07 AM e1 6/28/2012 12:00:05 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM e2 6/28/2012 12:00:11 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM e3 Query StartTime EndTime Payload 6/28/2012 12:00:01 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:03 AM 1 6/28/2012 12:00:03 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:05 AM 2 6/28/2012 12:00:05 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:07 AM 3 6/28/2012 12:00:07 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:11 AM 2 6/28/2012 12:00:11 AM 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM 3 6/28/2012 12:00:15 AM 12/31/9999 11:59:59 PM 1 Regards, The StreamInsight Team

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• Loosely coupled .NET Cache Provider using Dependency Injection

  - by Rhames

  I have recently been reading the excellent book “Dependency Injection in .NET”, written by Mark Seemann. I do not generally buy software development related books, as I never seem to have the time to read them, but I have found the time to read Mark’s book, and it was time well spent I think. Reading the ideas around Dependency Injection made me realise that the Cache Provider code I wrote about earlier (see http://geekswithblogs.net/Rhames/archive/2011/01/10/using-the-asp.net-cache-to-cache-data-in-a-model.aspx) could be refactored to use Dependency Injection, which should produce cleaner code. The goals are to: Separate the cache provider implementation (using the ASP.NET data cache) from the consumers (loose coupling). This will also mean that the dependency on System.Web for the cache provider does not ripple down into the layers where it is being consumed (such as the domain layer). Provide a decorator pattern to allow a consumer of the cache provider to be implemented separately from the base consumer (i.e. if we have a base repository, we can decorate this with a caching version). Although I used the term repository, in reality the cache consumer could be just about anything. Use constructor injection to provide the Dependency Injection, with a suitable DI container (I use Castle Windsor). The sample code for this post is available on github, https://github.com/RobinHames/CacheProvider.git ICacheProvider In the sample code, the key interface is ICacheProvider, which is in the domain layer. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:   4: namespace CacheDiSample.Domain 5: { 6: public interface ICacheProvider<T> 7: { 8: T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry); 9: IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry); 10: } 11: }   This interface contains two methods to retrieve data from the cache, either as a single instance or as an IEnumerable. the second paramerter is of type Func<T>. This is the method used to retrieve data if nothing is found in the cache. The ASP.NET implementation of the ICacheProvider interface needs to live in a project that has a reference to system.web, typically this will be the root UI project, or it could be a separate project. The key thing is that the domain or data access layers do not need system.web references adding to them. In my sample MVC application, the CacheProvider is implemented in the UI project, in a folder called “CacheProviders”: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Web; 5: using System.Web.Caching; 6: using CacheDiSample.Domain; 7:   8: namespace CacheDiSample.CacheProvider 9: { 10: public class CacheProvider<T> : ICacheProvider<T> 11: { 12: public T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry) 13: { 14: return FetchAndCache<T>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry); 15: } 16:   17: public IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry) 18: { 19: return FetchAndCache<IEnumerable<T>>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry); 20: } 21:   22: #region Helper Methods 23:   24: private U FetchAndCache<U>(string key, Func<U> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry) 25: { 26: U value; 27: if (!TryGetValue<U>(key, out value)) 28: { 29: value = retrieveData(); 30: if (!absoluteExpiry.HasValue) 31: absoluteExpiry = Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration; 32:   33: if (!relativeExpiry.HasValue) 34: relativeExpiry = Cache.NoSlidingExpiration; 35:   36: HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert(key, value, null, absoluteExpiry.Value, relativeExpiry.Value); 37: } 38: return value; 39: } 40:   41: private bool TryGetValue<U>(string key, out U value) 42: { 43: object cachedValue = HttpContext.Current.Cache.Get(key); 44: if (cachedValue == null) 45: { 46: value = default(U); 47: return false; 48: } 49: else 50: { 51: try 52: { 53: value = (U)cachedValue; 54: return true; 55: } 56: catch 57: { 58: value = default(U); 59: return false; 60: } 61: } 62: } 63:   64: #endregion 65:   66: } 67: }   The FetchAndCache helper method checks if the specified cache key exists, if it does not, the Func<U> retrieveData method is called, and the results are added to the cache. Using Castle Windsor to register the cache provider In the MVC UI project (my application root), Castle Windsor is used to register the CacheProvider implementation, using a Windsor Installer: 1: using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration; 2: using Castle.MicroKernel.SubSystems.Configuration; 3: using Castle.Windsor; 4:   5: using CacheDiSample.Domain; 6: using CacheDiSample.CacheProvider; 7:   8: namespace CacheDiSample.WindsorInstallers 9: { 10: public class CacheInstaller : IWindsorInstaller 11: { 12: public void Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store) 13: { 14: container.Register( 15: Component.For(typeof(ICacheProvider<>)) 16: .ImplementedBy(typeof(CacheProvider<>)) 17: .LifestyleTransient()); 18: } 19: } 20: }   Note that the cache provider is registered as a open generic type. Consuming a Repository I have an existing couple of repository interfaces defined in my domain layer: IRepository.cs 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:   4: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Model; 5:   6: namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories 7: { 8: public interface IRepository<T> 9: where T : EntityBase 10: { 11: T GetById(int id); 12: IList<T> GetAll(); 13: } 14: }   IBlogRepository.cs 1: using System; 2: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Model; 3:   4: namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories 5: { 6: public interface IBlogRepository : IRepository<Blog> 7: { 8: Blog GetByName(string name); 9: } 10: }   These two repositories are implemented in the DataAccess layer, using Entity Framework to retrieve data (this is not important though). One important point is that in the BaseRepository implementation of IRepository, the methods are virtual. This will allow the decorator to override them. The BlogRepository is registered in a RepositoriesInstaller, again in the MVC UI project. 1: using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration; 2: using Castle.MicroKernel.SubSystems.Configuration; 3: using Castle.Windsor; 4:   5: using CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheDecorators; 6: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories; 7: using CacheDiSample.DataAccess; 8:   9: namespace CacheDiSample.WindsorInstallers 10: { 11: public class RepositoriesInstaller : IWindsorInstaller 12: { 13: public void Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store) 14: { 15: container.Register(Component.For<IBlogRepository>() 16: .ImplementedBy<BlogRepository>() 17: .LifestyleTransient() 18: .DependsOn(new 19: { 20: nameOrConnectionString = "BloggingContext" 21: })); 22: } 23: } 24: }   Now I can inject a dependency on the IBlogRepository into a consumer, such as a controller in my sample code: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Web; 5: using System.Web.Mvc; 6:   7: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories; 8: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Model; 9:   10: namespace CacheDiSample.Controllers 11: { 12: public class HomeController : Controller 13: { 14: private readonly IBlogRepository blogRepository; 15:   16: public HomeController(IBlogRepository blogRepository) 17: { 18: if (blogRepository == null) 19: throw new ArgumentNullException("blogRepository"); 20:   21: this.blogRepository = blogRepository; 22: } 23:   24: public ActionResult Index() 25: { 26: ViewBag.Message = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!"; 27:   28: var blogs = blogRepository.GetAll(); 29:   30: return View(new Models.HomeModel { Blogs = blogs }); 31: } 32:   33: public ActionResult About() 34: { 35: return View(); 36: } 37: } 38: }   Consuming the Cache Provider via a Decorator I used a Decorator pattern to consume the cache provider, this means my repositories follow the open/closed principle, as they do not require any modifications to implement the caching. It also means that my controllers do not have any knowledge of the caching taking place, as the DI container will simply inject the decorator instead of the root implementation of the repository. The first step is to implement a BlogRepository decorator, with the caching logic in it. Note that this can reside in the domain layer, as it does not require any knowledge of the data access methods. BlogRepositoryWithCaching.cs 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Text; 5:   6: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Model; 7: using CacheDiSample.Domain; 8: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories; 9:   10: namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheDecorators 11: { 12: public class BlogRepositoryWithCaching : IBlogRepository 13: { 14: // The generic cache provider, injected by DI 15: private ICacheProvider<Blog> cacheProvider; 16: // The decorated blog repository, injected by DI 17: private IBlogRepository parentBlogRepository; 18:   19: public BlogRepositoryWithCaching(IBlogRepository parentBlogRepository, ICacheProvider<Blog> cacheProvider) 20: { 21: if (parentBlogRepository == null) 22: throw new ArgumentNullException("parentBlogRepository"); 23:   24: this.parentBlogRepository = parentBlogRepository; 25:   26: if (cacheProvider == null) 27: throw new ArgumentNullException("cacheProvider"); 28:   29: this.cacheProvider = cacheProvider; 30: } 31:   32: public Blog GetByName(string name) 33: { 34: string key = string.Format("CacheDiSample.DataAccess.GetByName.{0}", name); 35: // hard code 5 minute expiry! 36: TimeSpan relativeCacheExpiry = new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0); 37: return cacheProvider.Fetch(key, () => 38: { 39: return parentBlogRepository.GetByName(name); 40: }, 41: null, relativeCacheExpiry); 42: } 43:   44: public Blog GetById(int id) 45: { 46: string key = string.Format("CacheDiSample.DataAccess.GetById.{0}", id); 47:   48: // hard code 5 minute expiry! 49: TimeSpan relativeCacheExpiry = new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0); 50: return cacheProvider.Fetch(key, () => 51: { 52: return parentBlogRepository.GetById(id); 53: }, 54: null, relativeCacheExpiry); 55: } 56:   57: public IList<Blog> GetAll() 58: { 59: string key = string.Format("CacheDiSample.DataAccess.GetAll"); 60:   61: // hard code 5 minute expiry! 62: TimeSpan relativeCacheExpiry = new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0); 63: return cacheProvider.Fetch(key, () => 64: { 65: return parentBlogRepository.GetAll(); 66: }, 67: null, relativeCacheExpiry) 68: .ToList(); 69: } 70: } 71: }   The key things in this caching repository are: I inject into the repository the ICacheProvider<Blog> implementation, via the constructor. This will make the cache provider functionality available to the repository. I inject the parent IBlogRepository implementation (which has the actual data access code), via the constructor. This will allow the methods implemented in the parent to be called if nothing is found in the cache. I override each of the methods implemented in the repository, including those implemented in the generic BaseRepository. Each override of these methods follows the same pattern. It makes a call to the CacheProvider.Fetch method, and passes in the parentBlogRepository implementation of the method as the retrieval method, to be used if nothing is present in the cache. Configuring the Caching Repository in the DI Container The final piece of the jigsaw is to tell Castle Windsor to use the BlogRepositoryWithCaching implementation of IBlogRepository, but to inject the actual Data Access implementation into this decorator. This is easily achieved by modifying the RepositoriesInstaller to use Windsor’s implicit decorator wiring: 1: using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration; 2: using Castle.MicroKernel.SubSystems.Configuration; 3: using Castle.Windsor; 4:   5: using CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheDecorators; 6: using CacheDiSample.Domain.Repositories; 7: using CacheDiSample.DataAccess; 8:   9: namespace CacheDiSample.WindsorInstallers 10: { 11: public class RepositoriesInstaller : IWindsorInstaller 12: { 13: public void Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store) 14: { 15:   16: // Use Castle Windsor implicit wiring for the block repository decorator 17: // Register the outermost decorator first 18: container.Register(Component.For<IBlogRepository>() 19: .ImplementedBy<BlogRepositoryWithCaching>() 20: .LifestyleTransient()); 21: // Next register the IBlogRepository inmplementation to inject into the outer decorator 22: container.Register(Component.For<IBlogRepository>() 23: .ImplementedBy<BlogRepository>() 24: .LifestyleTransient() 25: .DependsOn(new 26: { 27: nameOrConnectionString = "BloggingContext" 28: })); 29: } 30: } 31: }   This is all that is needed. Now if the consumer of the repository makes a call to the repositories method, it will be routed via the caching mechanism. You can test this by stepping through the code, and seeing that the DataAccess.BlogRepository code is only called if there is no data in the cache, or this has expired. The next step is to add the SQL Cache Dependency support into this pattern, this will be a future post.

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• Checking timeouts made more readable

  - by Markus

  I have several situations where I need to control timeouts in a technical application. Either in a loop or as a simple check. Of course – handling this is really easy, but none of these is looking cute. To clarify, here is some C# (Pseudo) code: private DateTime girlWentIntoBathroom; girlWentIntoBathroom = DateTime.Now; do { // do something } while (girlWentIntoBathroom.AddSeconds(10) > DateTime.Now); or if (girlWentIntoBathroom.AddSeconds(10) > DateTime.Now) MessageBox.Show("Wait a little longer"); else MessageBox.Show("Knock louder"); Now I was inspired by something a saw in Ruby on StackOverflow: Now I’m wondering if this construct can be made more readable using extension methods. My goal is something that can be read like “If girlWentIntoBathroom is more than 10 seconds ago” 1st attempt if (girlWentIntoBathroom > (10).Seconds().Ago()) MessageBox.Show("Wait a little longer"); else MessageBox.Show("Knock louder"); So I wrote an extension for integer that converts the integer into a TimeSpan public static TimeSpan Seconds(this int amount) { return new TimeSpan(0, 0, amount); } After that, I wrote an extension for TimeSpan like this: public static DateTime Ago(this TimeSpan diff) { return DateTime.Now.Add(-diff); } This works fine so far, but has a great disadvantage. The logic is inverted! Since girlWentIntoBathroom is a timestamp in the past, the right side of the equation needs to count backwards: impossible. Just inverting the equation is no solution, because it will invert the read sentence as well. 2nd attempt So I tried something new: if (girlWentIntoBathroom.IsMoreThan(10).SecondsAgo()) MessageBox.Show("Knock louder"); else MessageBox.Show("Wait a little longer"); IsMoreThan() needs to transport the past timestamp as well as the span for the extension SecondsAgo(). It could be: public static DateWithIntegerSpan IsMoreThan(this DateTime baseTime, int span) { return new DateWithIntegerSpan() { Date = baseTime, Span = span }; } Where DateWithIntegerSpan is simply: public class DateWithIntegerSpan { public DateTime Date {get; set;} public int Span { get; set; } } And SecondsAgo() is public static bool SecondsAgo(this DateWithIntegerSpan dateAndSpan) { return dateAndSpan.Date.Add(new TimeSpan(0, 0, dateAndSpan.Span)) < DateTime.Now; } Using this approach, the English sentence matches the expected behavior. But the disadvantage is, that I need a helping class (DateWithIntegerSpan). Has anyone an idea to make checking timeouts look more cute and closer to a readable sentence? Am I a little too insane thinking about something minor like this?

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• How to avoid timeouts in WCF?

  - by Jader Dias

  I use netNamedPipeBinding, and my service methods return nothing (void), but they timeout: TimeoutException: "The open operation did not complete within the allotted timeout of 00:01:00. The time allotted to this operation may have been a portion of a longer timeout." Server stack trace: at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ClientFramingDuplexSessionChannel.OnOpen(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.CommunicationObject.Open(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.OnOpen(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.CommunicationObject.Open(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.CallOnceManager.CallOnce(TimeSpan timeout, CallOnceManager cascade) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.EnsureOpened(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.Call(String action, Boolean oneway, ProxyOperationRuntime operation, Object[] ins, Object[] outs, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.InvokeService(IMethodCallMessage methodCall, ProxyOperationRuntime operation) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.Invoke(IMessage message) Exception rethrown at [0]: at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.HandleReturnMessage(IMessage reqMsg, IMessage retMsg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.PrivateInvoke(MessageData& msgData, Int32 type) To avoid this I turned my service into a OneWay operation. But the timeout still occurs. I expected that it solved my problem. Its the netMsmqBinding the only one that could avoid such timeout? I also tried to make all processing in a separate thread, so the service can disconnect earlier, with no success.

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• How to group a period of time into yearly periods ? (split timespan into yearly periods)

  - by user315648

  I have a range of two datetimes: DateTime start = new DateTime(2012,4,1); DateTime end = new DateTime(2016,7,1); And I wish to get all periods GROUPED BY YEAR between this period. Meaning the output has to be: 2012-04-01 - 2012-12-31 2013-01-01 - 2013-12-31 2014-01-01 - 2014-12-31 2015-01-01 - 2015-12-31 2016-01-01 - 2016-07-01 Preferably the output would be in IList<Tuple<DateTime,DateTime>> list. How would you do this ? Is there anyway to do this with LINQ somehow ? Oh and daylight saving time is not absolutely critical, but surely a bonus. Thanks!

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• Adding SQL Cache Dependencies to the Loosely coupled .NET Cache Provider

  - by Rhames

  This post adds SQL Cache Dependency support to the loosely coupled .NET Cache Provider that I described in the previous post (http://geekswithblogs.net/Rhames/archive/2012/09/11/loosely-coupled-.net-cache-provider-using-dependency-injection.aspx). The sample code is available on github at https://github.com/RobinHames/CacheProvider.git. Each time we want to apply a cache dependency to a call to fetch or cache a data item we need to supply an instance of the relevant dependency implementation. This suggests an Abstract Factory will be useful to create cache dependencies as needed. We can then use Dependency Injection to inject the factory into the relevant consumer. Castle Windsor provides a typed factory facility that will be utilised to implement the cache dependency abstract factory (see http://docs.castleproject.org/Windsor.Typed-Factory-Facility-interface-based-factories.ashx). Cache Dependency Interfaces First I created a set of cache dependency interfaces in the domain layer, which can be used to pass a cache dependency into the cache provider. ICacheDependency The ICacheDependency interface is simply an empty interface that is used as a parent for the specific cache dependency interfaces. This will allow us to place a generic constraint on the Cache Dependency Factory, and will give us a type that can be passed into the relevant Cache Provider methods. namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheInterfaces { public interface ICacheDependency { } }   ISqlCacheDependency.cs The ISqlCacheDependency interface provides specific SQL caching details, such as a Sql Command or a database connection and table. It is the concrete implementation of this interface that will be created by the factory in passed into the Cache Provider. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheInterfaces { public interface ISqlCacheDependency : ICacheDependency { ISqlCacheDependency Initialise(string databaseConnectionName, string tableName); ISqlCacheDependency Initialise(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand sqlCommand); } } If we want other types of cache dependencies, such as by key or file, interfaces may be created to support these (the sample code includes an IKeyCacheDependency interface). Modifying ICacheProvider to accept Cache Dependencies Next I modified the exisitng ICacheProvider<T> interface so that cache dependencies may be passed into a Fetch method call. I did this by adding two overloads to the existing Fetch methods, which take an IEnumerable<ICacheDependency> parameter (the IEnumerable allows more than one cache dependency to be included). I also added a method to create cache dependencies. This means that the implementation of the Cache Provider will require a dependency on the Cache Dependency Factory. It is pretty much down to personal choice as to whether this approach is taken, or whether the Cache Dependency Factory is injected directly into the repository or other consumer of Cache Provider. I think, because the cache dependency cannot be used without the Cache Provider, placing the dependency on the factory into the Cache Provider implementation is cleaner. ICacheProvider.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheInterfaces { public interface ICacheProvider<T> { T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry); T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry, IEnumerable<ICacheDependency> cacheDependencies);   IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry); IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry, IEnumerable<ICacheDependency> cacheDependencies);   U CreateCacheDependency<U>() where U : ICacheDependency; } }   Cache Dependency Factory Next I created the interface for the Cache Dependency Factory in the domain layer. ICacheDependencyFactory.cs namespace CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheInterfaces { public interface ICacheDependencyFactory { T Create<T>() where T : ICacheDependency;   void Release<T>(T cacheDependency) where T : ICacheDependency; } }   I used the ICacheDependency parent interface as a generic constraint on the create and release methods in the factory interface. Now the interfaces are in place, I moved on to the concrete implementations. ISqlCacheDependency Concrete Implementation The concrete implementation of ISqlCacheDependency will need to provide an instance of System.Web.Caching.SqlCacheDependency to the Cache Provider implementation. Unfortunately this class is sealed, so I cannot simply inherit from this. Instead, I created an interface called IAspNetCacheDependency that will provide a Create method to create an instance of the relevant System.Web.Caching Cache Dependency type. This interface is specific to the ASP.NET implementation of the Cache Provider, so it should be defined in the same layer as the concrete implementation of the Cache Provider (the MVC UI layer in the sample code). IAspNetCacheDependency.cs using System.Web.Caching;   namespace CacheDiSample.CacheProviders { public interface IAspNetCacheDependency { CacheDependency CreateAspNetCacheDependency(); } }   Next, I created the concrete implementation of the ISqlCacheDependency interface. This class also implements the IAspNetCacheDependency interface. This concrete implementation also is defined in the same layer as the Cache Provider implementation. AspNetSqlCacheDependency.cs using System.Web.Caching; using CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheInterfaces;   namespace CacheDiSample.CacheProviders { public class AspNetSqlCacheDependency : ISqlCacheDependency, IAspNetCacheDependency { private string databaseConnectionName;   private string tableName;   private System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand sqlCommand;   #region ISqlCacheDependency Members   public ISqlCacheDependency Initialise(string databaseConnectionName, string tableName) { this.databaseConnectionName = databaseConnectionName; this.tableName = tableName; return this; }   public ISqlCacheDependency Initialise(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand sqlCommand) { this.sqlCommand = sqlCommand; return this; }   #endregion   #region IAspNetCacheDependency Members   public System.Web.Caching.CacheDependency CreateAspNetCacheDependency() { if (sqlCommand != null) return new SqlCacheDependency(sqlCommand); else return new SqlCacheDependency(databaseConnectionName, tableName); }   #endregion   } }   ICacheProvider Concrete Implementation The ICacheProvider interface is implemented by the CacheProvider class. This implementation is modified to include the changes to the ICacheProvider interface. First I needed to inject the Cache Dependency Factory into the Cache Provider: private ICacheDependencyFactory cacheDependencyFactory;   public CacheProvider(ICacheDependencyFactory cacheDependencyFactory) { if (cacheDependencyFactory == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("cacheDependencyFactory");   this.cacheDependencyFactory = cacheDependencyFactory; }   Next I implemented the CreateCacheDependency method, which simply passes on the create request to the factory: public U CreateCacheDependency<U>() where U : ICacheDependency { return this.cacheDependencyFactory.Create<U>(); }   The signature of the FetchAndCache helper method was modified to take an additional IEnumerable<ICacheDependency> parameter:   private U FetchAndCache<U>(string key, Func<U> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry, IEnumerable<ICacheDependency> cacheDependencies) and the following code added to create the relevant System.Web.Caching.CacheDependency object for any dependencies and pass them to the HttpContext Cache: CacheDependency aspNetCacheDependencies = null;   if (cacheDependencies != null) { if (cacheDependencies.Count() == 1) // We know that the implementations of ICacheDependency will also implement IAspNetCacheDependency // so we can use a cast here and call the CreateAspNetCacheDependency() method aspNetCacheDependencies = ((IAspNetCacheDependency)cacheDependencies.ElementAt(0)).CreateAspNetCacheDependency(); else if (cacheDependencies.Count() > 1) { AggregateCacheDependency aggregateCacheDependency = new AggregateCacheDependency(); foreach (ICacheDependency cacheDependency in cacheDependencies) { // We know that the implementations of ICacheDependency will also implement IAspNetCacheDependency // so we can use a cast here and call the CreateAspNetCacheDependency() method aggregateCacheDependency.Add(((IAspNetCacheDependency)cacheDependency).CreateAspNetCacheDependency()); } aspNetCacheDependencies = aggregateCacheDependency; } }   HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert(key, value, aspNetCacheDependencies, absoluteExpiry.Value, relativeExpiry.Value);   The full code listing for the modified CacheProvider class is shown below: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Caching; using CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheInterfaces;   namespace CacheDiSample.CacheProviders { public class CacheProvider<T> : ICacheProvider<T> { private ICacheDependencyFactory cacheDependencyFactory;   public CacheProvider(ICacheDependencyFactory cacheDependencyFactory) { if (cacheDependencyFactory == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("cacheDependencyFactory");   this.cacheDependencyFactory = cacheDependencyFactory; }   public T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry) { return FetchAndCache<T>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry, null); }   public T Fetch(string key, Func<T> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry, IEnumerable<ICacheDependency> cacheDependencies) { return FetchAndCache<T>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry, cacheDependencies); }   public IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry) { return FetchAndCache<IEnumerable<T>>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry, null); }   public IEnumerable<T> Fetch(string key, Func<IEnumerable<T>> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry, IEnumerable<ICacheDependency> cacheDependencies) { return FetchAndCache<IEnumerable<T>>(key, retrieveData, absoluteExpiry, relativeExpiry, cacheDependencies); }   public U CreateCacheDependency<U>() where U : ICacheDependency { return this.cacheDependencyFactory.Create<U>(); }   #region Helper Methods   private U FetchAndCache<U>(string key, Func<U> retrieveData, DateTime? absoluteExpiry, TimeSpan? relativeExpiry, IEnumerable<ICacheDependency> cacheDependencies) { U value; if (!TryGetValue<U>(key, out value)) { value = retrieveData(); if (!absoluteExpiry.HasValue) absoluteExpiry = Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration;   if (!relativeExpiry.HasValue) relativeExpiry = Cache.NoSlidingExpiration;   CacheDependency aspNetCacheDependencies = null;   if (cacheDependencies != null) { if (cacheDependencies.Count() == 1) // We know that the implementations of ICacheDependency will also implement IAspNetCacheDependency // so we can use a cast here and call the CreateAspNetCacheDependency() method aspNetCacheDependencies = ((IAspNetCacheDependency)cacheDependencies.ElementAt(0)).CreateAspNetCacheDependency(); else if (cacheDependencies.Count() > 1) { AggregateCacheDependency aggregateCacheDependency = new AggregateCacheDependency(); foreach (ICacheDependency cacheDependency in cacheDependencies) { // We know that the implementations of ICacheDependency will also implement IAspNetCacheDependency // so we can use a cast here and call the CreateAspNetCacheDependency() method aggregateCacheDependency.Add( ((IAspNetCacheDependency)cacheDependency).CreateAspNetCacheDependency()); } aspNetCacheDependencies = aggregateCacheDependency; } }   HttpContext.Current.Cache.Insert(key, value, aspNetCacheDependencies, absoluteExpiry.Value, relativeExpiry.Value);   } return value; }   private bool TryGetValue<U>(string key, out U value) { object cachedValue = HttpContext.Current.Cache.Get(key); if (cachedValue == null) { value = default(U); return false; } else { try { value = (U)cachedValue; return true; } catch { value = default(U); return false; } } }   #endregion } }   Wiring up the DI Container Now the implementations for the Cache Dependency are in place, I wired them up in the existing Windsor CacheInstaller. First I needed to register the implementation of the ISqlCacheDependency interface: container.Register( Component.For<ISqlCacheDependency>() .ImplementedBy<AspNetSqlCacheDependency>() .LifestyleTransient());   Next I registered the Cache Dependency Factory. Notice that I have not implemented the ICacheDependencyFactory interface. Castle Windsor will do this for me by using the Type Factory Facility. I do need to bring the Castle.Facilities.TypedFacility namespace into scope: using Castle.Facilities.TypedFactory;   Then I registered the factory: container.AddFacility<TypedFactoryFacility>();   container.Register( Component.For<ICacheDependencyFactory>() .AsFactory()); The full code for the CacheInstaller class is: using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration; using Castle.MicroKernel.SubSystems.Configuration; using Castle.Windsor; using Castle.Facilities.TypedFactory;   using CacheDiSample.Domain.CacheInterfaces; using CacheDiSample.CacheProviders;   namespace CacheDiSample.WindsorInstallers { public class CacheInstaller : IWindsorInstaller { public void Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store) { container.Register( Component.For(typeof(ICacheProvider<>)) .ImplementedBy(typeof(CacheProvider<>)) .LifestyleTransient());   container.Register( Component.For<ISqlCacheDependency>() .ImplementedBy<AspNetSqlCacheDependency>() .LifestyleTransient());   container.AddFacility<TypedFactoryFacility>();   container.Register( Component.For<ICacheDependencyFactory>() .AsFactory()); } } }   Configuring the ASP.NET SQL Cache Dependency There are a couple of configuration steps required to enable SQL Cache Dependency for the application and database. From the Visual Studio Command Prompt, the following commands should be used to enable the Cache Polling of the relevant database tables: aspnet_regsql -S <servername> -E -d <databasename> –ed aspnet_regsql -S <servername> -E -d CacheSample –et –t <tablename>   (The –t option should be repeated for each table that is to be made available for cache dependencies). Finally the SQL Cache Polling needs to be enabled by adding the following configuration to the <system.web> section of web.config: <caching> <sqlCacheDependency pollTime="10000" enabled="true"> <databases> <add name="BloggingContext" connectionStringName="BloggingContext"/> </databases> </sqlCacheDependency> </caching>   (obviously the name and connection string name should be altered as required). Using a SQL Cache Dependency Now all the coding is complete. To specify a SQL Cache Dependency, I can modify my BlogRepositoryWithCaching decorator class (see the earlier post) as follows: public IList<Blog> GetAll() { var sqlCacheDependency = cacheProvider.CreateCacheDependency<ISqlCacheDependency>() .Initialise("BloggingContext", "Blogs");   ICacheDependency[] cacheDependencies = new ICacheDependency[] { sqlCacheDependency };   string key = string.Format("CacheDiSample.DataAccess.GetAll");   return cacheProvider.Fetch(key, () => { return parentBlogRepository.GetAll(); }, null, null, cacheDependencies) .ToList(); }   This will add a dependency of the “Blogs” table in the database. The data will remain in the cache until the contents of this table change, then the cache item will be invalidated, and the next call to the GetAll() repository method will be routed to the parent repository to refresh the data from the database.

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• AD Password About to Expire check problem with ASP.Net

  - by Vince

  Hello everyone, I am trying to write some code to check the AD password age during a user login and notify them of the 15 remaining days. I am using the ASP.Net code that I found on the Microsoft MSDN site and I managed to add a function that checks the if the account is set to change password at next login. The login and the change password at next login works great but I am having some problems with the check for the password age. This is the VB.Net code for the DLL file: Imports System Imports System.Text Imports System.Collections Imports System.DirectoryServices Imports System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement Imports System.Reflection 'Needed by the Password Expiration Class Only -Vince Namespace FormsAuth Public Class LdapAuthentication Dim _path As String Dim _filterAttribute As String 'Code added for the password expiration added by Vince Private _domain As DirectoryEntry Private _passwordAge As TimeSpan = TimeSpan.MinValue Const UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD As Integer = &H10000 'Function added by Vince Public Sub New() Dim root As New DirectoryEntry("LDAP://rootDSE") root.AuthenticationType = AuthenticationTypes.Secure _domain = New DirectoryEntry("LDAP://" & root.Properties("defaultNamingContext")(0).ToString()) _domain.AuthenticationType = AuthenticationTypes.Secure End Sub 'Function added by Vince Public ReadOnly Property PasswordAge() As TimeSpan Get If _passwordAge = TimeSpan.MinValue Then Dim ldate As Long = LongFromLargeInteger(_domain.Properties("maxPwdAge")(0)) _passwordAge = TimeSpan.FromTicks(ldate) End If Return _passwordAge End Get End Property Public Sub New(ByVal path As String) _path = path End Sub 'Function added by Vince Public Function DoesUserHaveToChangePassword(ByVal userName As String) As Boolean Dim ctx As PrincipalContext = New PrincipalContext(System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.ContextType.Domain) Dim up = UserPrincipal.FindByIdentity(ctx, userName) Return (Not up.LastPasswordSet.HasValue) 'returns true if last password set has no value. End Function Public Function IsAuthenticated(ByVal domain As String, ByVal username As String, ByVal pwd As String) As Boolean Dim domainAndUsername As String = domain & "\" & username Dim entry As DirectoryEntry = New DirectoryEntry(_path, domainAndUsername, pwd) Try 'Bind to the native AdsObject to force authentication. Dim obj As Object = entry.NativeObject Dim search As DirectorySearcher = New DirectorySearcher(entry) search.Filter = "(SAMAccountName=" & username & ")" search.PropertiesToLoad.Add("cn") Dim result As SearchResult = search.FindOne() If (result Is Nothing) Then Return False End If 'Update the new path to the user in the directory. _path = result.Path _filterAttribute = CType(result.Properties("cn")(0), String) Catch ex As Exception Throw New Exception("Error authenticating user. " & ex.Message) End Try Return True End Function Public Function GetGroups() As String Dim search As DirectorySearcher = New DirectorySearcher(_path) search.Filter = "(cn=" & _filterAttribute & ")" search.PropertiesToLoad.Add("memberOf") Dim groupNames As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder() Try Dim result As SearchResult = search.FindOne() Dim propertyCount As Integer = result.Properties("memberOf").Count Dim dn As String Dim equalsIndex, commaIndex Dim propertyCounter As Integer For propertyCounter = 0 To propertyCount - 1 dn = CType(result.Properties("memberOf")(propertyCounter), String) equalsIndex = dn.IndexOf("=", 1) commaIndex = dn.IndexOf(",", 1) If (equalsIndex = -1) Then Return Nothing End If groupNames.Append(dn.Substring((equalsIndex + 1), (commaIndex - equalsIndex) - 1)) groupNames.Append("|") Next Catch ex As Exception Throw New Exception("Error obtaining group names. " & ex.Message) End Try Return groupNames.ToString() End Function 'Function added by Vince Public Function WhenExpires(ByVal username As String) As TimeSpan Dim ds As New DirectorySearcher(_domain) ds.Filter = [String].Format("(&(objectClass=user)(objectCategory=person)(sAMAccountName={0}))", username) Dim sr As SearchResult = FindOne(ds) Dim user As DirectoryEntry = sr.GetDirectoryEntry() Dim flags As Integer = CInt(user.Properties("userAccountControl").Value) If Convert.ToBoolean(flags And UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD) Then 'password never expires Return TimeSpan.MaxValue End If 'get when they last set their password Dim pwdLastSet As DateTime = DateTime.FromFileTime(LongFromLargeInteger(user.Properties("pwdLastSet").Value)) ' return pwdLastSet.Add(PasswordAge).Subtract(DateTime.Now); If pwdLastSet.Subtract(PasswordAge).CompareTo(DateTime.Now) > 0 Then Return pwdLastSet.Subtract(PasswordAge).Subtract(DateTime.Now) Else Return TimeSpan.MinValue 'already expired End If End Function 'Function added by Vince Private Function LongFromLargeInteger(ByVal largeInteger As Object) As Long Dim type As System.Type = largeInteger.[GetType]() Dim highPart As Integer = CInt(type.InvokeMember("HighPart", BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, largeInteger, Nothing)) Dim lowPart As Integer = CInt(type.InvokeMember("LowPart", BindingFlags.GetProperty, Nothing, largeInteger, Nothing)) Return CLng(highPart) << 32 Or CUInt(lowPart) End Function 'Function added by Vince Private Function FindOne(ByVal searcher As DirectorySearcher) As SearchResult Dim sr As SearchResult = Nothing Dim src As SearchResultCollection = searcher.FindAll() If src.Count > 0 Then sr = src(0) End If src.Dispose() Return sr End Function End Class End Namespace And this is the Login.aspx page: sub Login_Click(sender as object,e as EventArgs) Dim adPath As String = "LDAP://DC=xxx,DC=com" 'Path to your LDAP directory server Dim adAuth As LdapAuthentication = New LdapAuthentication(adPath) Try If (True = adAuth.DoesUserHaveToChangePassword(txtUsername.Text)) Then Response.Redirect("passchange.htm") ElseIf (True = adAuth.IsAuthenticated(txtDomain.Text, txtUsername.Text, txtPassword.Text)) Then Dim groups As String = adAuth.GetGroups() 'Create the ticket, and add the groups. Dim isCookiePersistent As Boolean = chkPersist.Checked Dim authTicket As FormsAuthenticationTicket = New FormsAuthenticationTicket(1, _ txtUsername.Text, DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(60), isCookiePersistent, groups) 'Encrypt the ticket. Dim encryptedTicket As String = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(authTicket) 'Create a cookie, and then add the encrypted ticket to the cookie as data. Dim authCookie As HttpCookie = New HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, encryptedTicket) If (isCookiePersistent = True) Then authCookie.Expires = authTicket.Expiration End If 'Add the cookie to the outgoing cookies collection. Response.Cookies.Add(authCookie) 'Retrieve the password life Dim t As TimeSpan = adAuth.WhenExpires(txtUsername.Text) 'You can redirect now. If (passAge.Days = 90) Then errorLabel.Text = "Your password will expire in " & DateTime.Now.Subtract(t) 'errorLabel.Text = "This is" 'System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000) Response.Redirect("http://somepage.aspx") Else Response.Redirect(FormsAuthentication.GetRedirectUrl(txtUsername.Text, False)) End If Else errorLabel.Text = "Authentication did not succeed. Check user name and password." End If Catch ex As Exception errorLabel.Text = "Error authenticating. " & ex.Message End Try End Sub ` Every time I have this Dim t As TimeSpan = adAuth.WhenExpires(txtUsername.Text) enabled, I receive "Arithmetic operation resulted in an overflow." during the login and won't continue. What am I doing wrong? How can I correct this? Please help!! Thank you very much for any help in advance. Vince

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• WCF 3.5 to 3.0 backwards compatibility with callback services

  - by Miral

  I have a set of existing WCF services hosted in a .NET 3.0 app. They're using the WSHttp bindings and no security. I need to connect to these from a .NET 3.5 client. This seems to be working fine for the one-way services, but I also have some callback services (with CallbackContract and SessionMode = Required, using WSDualHttpBinding); these fail to connect with a timeout somewhere in the ReliableSession code. The service side cannot be changed (it's a historic version issue). Can I modify something on the client side to get this working? (I can connect with a .NET 3.0 client just fine, but I'd rather not be forced to try that path.) The open operation did not complete within the allotted timeout of 00:00:09.9410000. The time allotted to this operation may have been a portion of a longer timeout. Server stack trace: at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ReliableRequestor.ThrowTimeoutException() at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ReliableRequestor.Request(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ClientReliableSession.Open(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ClientReliableDuplexSessionChannel.OnOpen(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.CommunicationObject.Open(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.OnOpen(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.CommunicationObject.Open(TimeSpan timeout)

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• issue in ObservableCollection

  - by prince23

  hi, i have an lsit with these data i have a class called information.cs with these properties name,school, parent ex data name school parent kumar fes All manju fes kumar anu frank kumar anitha jss All rohit frank manju anill vijaya manju vani jss kumar soumya jss kumar madhu jss rohit shiva jss rohit vanitha jss anitha anu jss anitha now taking this as an input i wanted the output to be formated with a Hierarchical data when parent is all means it is the topmost level kumar fes All. what i need to do here is i need to create an object[0] and then check in list whether kumar exists as a parent in the list if it exista then add those items as under the object[0] as a parent i need to create one more oject under **manju fes kumar anu frank kumar** if you see this class file its shows how data is formatted. public class SampleProjectData { public static ObservableCollection GetSampleData() { DateTime dtS = DateTime.Now; ObservableCollection<Product> teams = new ObservableCollection<Product>(); teams.Add(new Product() { PDName = "Product1", OverallStartTime = dtS, OverallEndTime = dtS + TimeSpan.FromDays(3), }); Project emp = new Project() { PName = "Project1", OverallStartTime = dtS + TimeSpan.FromDays(1), OverallEndTime = dtS + TimeSpan.FromDays(6) }; emp.Tasks.Add(new Task() { StartTime = dtS, EndTime = dtS + TimeSpan.FromDays(2), TaskName = "John's Task 3" }); emp.Tasks.Add(new Task() { StartTime = dtS + TimeSpan.FromDays(3), EndTime = dtS + TimeSpan.FromDays(4), TaskName = "John's Task 2" }); teams[0].Projects.Add(emp); } return teams; }

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• What are the best practices for unit testing properties with code in the setter?

  - by nportelli

  I'm fairly new to unit testing and we are actually attempting to use it on a project. There is a property like this. public TimeSpan CountDown { get { return _countDown; } set { long fraction = value.Ticks % 10000000; value -= TimeSpan.FromTicks(fraction); if(fraction > 5000000) value += TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1); if(_countDown != value) { _countDown = value; NotifyChanged("CountDown"); } } } My test looks like this. [TestMethod] public void CountDownTest_GetSet_PropChangedShouldFire() { ManualRafflePresenter target = new ManualRafflePresenter(); bool fired = false; string name = null; target.PropertyChanged += new PropertyChangedEventHandler((o, a) => { fired = true; name = a.PropertyName; }); TimeSpan expected = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 25); TimeSpan actual; target.CountDown = expected; actual = target.CountDown; Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual); Assert.IsTrue(fired); Assert.AreEqual("CountDown", name); } The question is how do I test the code in the setter? Do I break it out into a method? If I do it would probably be private since no one else needs to use this. But they say not to test private methods. Do make a class if this is the only case? would two uses of this code make a class worthwhile? What is wrong with this code from a design standpoint. What is correct?

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• WPF DataGrid and Avalon TimePicker binding problem

  - by Jorge Vargas

  I'm using a the WPF DataGrid from the wpf toolkit and a TimePicker from AvalonControlsLibrary to insert a collection of TimeSpans. My problem is that bindings are not working inside the DataGrid, and I have no clue of why this isn't working. Here is my setup: I have the following XAML: <Window x:Class="Views.TestMainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:wpf="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wpf/2008/toolkit" xmlns:a="http://schemas.AvalonControls/AvalonControlsLibrary/Controls" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight" MinHeight="250" MinWidth="300"> <Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="*" /> <RowDefinition Height="Auto" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <GroupBox Grid.Row="0"> <GroupBox.Header> Testing it: </GroupBox.Header> <wpf:DataGrid ItemsSource="{Binding Path=TestSpans}" AutoGenerateColumns="False"> <wpf:DataGrid.Columns> <wpf:DataGridTemplateColumn Header="Start"> <wpf:DataGridTemplateColumn.CellEditingTemplate> <DataTemplate> <a:TimePicker SelectedTime="{Binding Path=., Mode=TwoWay}" /> </DataTemplate> </wpf:DataGridTemplateColumn.CellEditingTemplate> <wpf:DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate> <DataTemplate> <TextBlock Text="{Binding}" /> </DataTemplate> </wpf:DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate> </wpf:DataGridTemplateColumn> </wpf:DataGrid.Columns> </wpf:DataGrid> </GroupBox> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Grid.Row="1"> <a:TimePicker SelectedTime="{Binding Path=SelectedTime, Mode=TwoWay}" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> And this is my ViewModel: Imports System.Collections.ObjectModel Namespace ViewModels Public Class TestMainWindowViewModel Private _selectedTime As TimeSpan = DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay Public Property SelectedTime() As TimeSpan Get Return _selectedTime End Get Set(ByVal value As TimeSpan) _selectedTime = value End Set End Property Private _testSpans As ObservableCollection(Of TimeSpan) = New ObservableCollection(Of TimeSpan) Public Property TestSpans() As ObservableCollection(Of TimeSpan) Get Return _testSpans End Get Set(ByVal value As ObservableCollection(Of TimeSpan)) _testSpans = value End Set End Property Public Sub New() _testSpans.Add(DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay) _testSpans.Add(DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay) _testSpans.Add(DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay) End Sub End Class End Namespace I'm starting this window in application.xaml.vb like this: Class Application ' Application-level events, such as Startup, Exit, and DispatcherUnhandledException ' can be handled in this file. Protected Overrides Sub OnStartup(ByVal e As System.Windows.StartupEventArgs) MyBase.OnStartup(e) Dim window As Views.TestMainWindow = New Views.TestMainWindow window.DataContext = New TestMainWindowViewModel() window.Show() End Sub End Class

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• WPF Storyboard works well, except for the first time it runs. Why?

  - by sofri

  Hi, I'm doing a Surface Application. And there I have something like a bulletin board where little cards with news on it are pinned on. On click they shall fly out of the board and scale bigger. My storyboard works well, except for the first time it runs. It's not a smooth animation then but it scales to its final size immediately and it's the same with the orientation-property. Just the center-property seems to behave correctly. This is an example for one of my Storyboards doing that: Storyboard stb = new Storyboard(); PointAnimation moveCenter = new PointAnimation(); DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames changeWidth = new DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames(); DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames changeHeight = new DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames(); DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames changeOrientation = new DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames(); moveCenter.From = News1.ActualCenter; moveCenter.To = new Point(250, 400); moveCenter.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1.0)); moveCenter.FillBehavior = FillBehavior.Stop; stb.Children.Add(moveCenter); Storyboard.SetTarget(moveCenter, News1); Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(moveCenter, new PropertyPath(ScatterViewItem.CenterProperty)); changeWidth.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1); changeWidth.KeyFrames.Add(new EasingDoubleKeyFrame(266, KeyTime.FromTimeSpan(new System.TimeSpan(0, 0, 1)))); changeWidth.FillBehavior = FillBehavior.Stop; stb.Children.Add(changeWidth); Storyboard.SetTarget(changeWidth, News1); Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(changeWidth, new PropertyPath(FrameworkElement.WidthProperty)); changeHeight.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1); changeHeight.KeyFrames.Add(new EasingDoubleKeyFrame(400, KeyTime.FromTimeSpan(new System.TimeSpan(0, 0, 1)))); changeHeight.FillBehavior = FillBehavior.Stop; stb.Children.Add(changeHeight); Storyboard.SetTarget(changeHeight, News1); Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(changeHeight, new PropertyPath(FrameworkElement.HeightProperty)); changeOrientation.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1); changeOrientation.KeyFrames.Add(new EasingDoubleKeyFrame(0, KeyTime.FromTimeSpan(new System.TimeSpan(0, 0, 1)))); changeOrientation.FillBehavior = FillBehavior.Stop; stb.Children.Add(changeOrientation); Storyboard.SetTarget(changeOrientation, News1); Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(changeOrientation, new PropertyPath(ScatterViewItem.OrientationProperty)); stb.Begin(this); News1.Center = new Point(250, 400); News1.Orientation = 0; News1.Width = 266; News1.Height = 400; Pin1.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed; news1IsOutside = true; Scroll1.IsEnabled = true; What's wrong with it?

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• How to use Nginx to export the mongoDB connection?

  - by Totty

  I have on my server 2 things: the node.js server and a mongodb database; The node.js server is reachable from myip/server; and now I would like to export the mongodb database to myip/database for example. Now when I use my mongodb viewer (MongoVUE) with "http://myip/database:9000" (the port 9000 is set in nginx and it's also the port that I start mongod). If I go to "http://myip/database:9000" or "http://myip/database" in a browser it look like: "You are trying to access MongoDB on the native driver port. For http diagnostic access, add 1000 to the port number". But in MongoVUE it says: Unable to connect to server 192.168.1.16/database:9000: No such host is known. Type: MongoDB.Driver.MongoConnectionException Stack: at MongoDB.Driver.Internal.DirectConnector.Connect(TimeSpan timeout) at MongoDB.Driver.MongoServer.Connect(TimeSpan timeout, ConnectWaitFor waitFor) at MongoDB.Driver.MongoServer.Connect(TimeSpan timeout) at MongoDB.Driver.MongoServer.Connect() at MangoUI.MMongo.FQlxNlJKqO74gYmXgZR4(Object ) at MangoUI.MMongo.Open(Boolean useSamus) at MangoUI.MMongo.Open() at MangoUI.ComNavTree.wJQdUqApCpjoC39P59n(Object ) at MangoUI.ComNavTree.ExpandMe(MTreeNode expand) at MangoUI.ComNavTree.tree_BeforeExpand(Object sender, TreeViewCancelEventArgs e) No such host is known Type: System.Net.Sockets.SocketException Stack: at System.Net.Dns.GetAddrInfo(String name) at System.Net.Dns.InternalGetHostByName(String hostName, Boolean includeIPv6) at System.Net.Dns.GetHostAddresses(String hostNameOrAddress) at MongoDB.Driver.MongoServerAddress.ToIPEndPoint(AddressFamily addressFamily) at MongoDB.Driver.MongoServerInstance.Connect(Boolean slaveOk) at MongoDB.Driver.Internal.DirectConnector.Connect(TimeSpan timeout)

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• WPF: Timers

  - by Ilya Verbitskiy

  I believe, once your WPF application will need to execute something periodically, and today I would like to discuss how to do that. There are two possible solutions. You can use classical System.Threading.Timer class or System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherTimer class, which is the part of WPF. I have created an application to show you how to use the API.     Let’s take a look how you can implement timer using System.Threading.Timer class. First of all, it has to be initialized.   1: private Timer timer; 2:   3: public MainWindow() 4: { 5: // Form initialization code 6: 7: timer = new Timer(OnTimer, null, Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan, Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan); 8: }   Timer’s constructor accepts four parameters. The first one is the callback method which is executed when timer ticks. I will show it to you soon. The second parameter is a state which is passed to the callback. It is null because there is nothing to pass this time. The third parameter is the amount of time to delay before the callback parameter invokes its methods. I use System.Threading.Timeout helper class to represent infinite timeout which simply means the timer is not going to start at the moment. And the final fourth parameter represents the time interval between invocations of the methods referenced by callback. Infinite timeout timespan means the callback method will be executed just once. Well, the timer has been created. Let’s take a look how you can start the timer.   1: private void StartTimer(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 2: { 3: timer.Change(TimeSpan.Zero, new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1)); 4:   5: // Disable the start buttons and enable the reset button. 6: }   The timer is started by calling its Change method. It accepts two arguments: the amount of time to delay before the invoking the callback method and the time interval between invocations of the callback. TimeSpan.Zero means we start the timer immediately and TimeSpan(0, 0, 1) tells the timer to tick every second. There is one method hasn’t been shown yet. This is the callback method OnTimer which does a simple task: it shows current time in the center of the screen. Unfortunately you cannot simple write something like this:   1: clock.Content = DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss");   The reason is Timer runs callback method on a separate thread, and it is not possible to access GUI controls from a non-GUI thread. You can avoid the problem using System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher class.   1: private void OnTimer(object state) 2: { 3: Dispatcher.Invoke(() => ShowTime()); 4: } 5:   6: private void ShowTime() 7: { 8: clock.Content = DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss"); 9: }   You can build similar application using System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherTimer class. The class represents a timer which is integrated into the Dispatcher queue. It means that your callback method is executed on GUI thread and you can write a code which updates your GUI components directly.   1: private DispatcherTimer dispatcherTimer; 2:   3: public MainWindow() 4: { 5: // Form initialization code 6:   7: dispatcherTimer = new DispatcherTimer { Interval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1) }; 8: dispatcherTimer.Tick += OnDispatcherTimer; 9: } Dispatcher timer has nicer and cleaner API. All you need is to specify tick interval and Tick event handler. The you just call Start method to start the timer.   private void StartDispatcher(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { dispatcherTimer.Start(); // Disable the start buttons and enable the reset button. } And, since the Tick event handler is executed on GUI thread, the code which sets the actual time is straightforward.   1: private void OnDispatcherTimer(object sender, EventArgs e) 2: { 3: ShowTime(); 4: } We’re almost done. Let’s take a look how to stop the timers. It is easy with the Dispatcher Timer.   1: dispatcherTimer.Stop(); And slightly more complicated with the Timer. You should use Change method again.   1: timer.Change(Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan, Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan); What is the best way to add timer into an application? The Dispatcher Timer has simple interface, but its advantages are disadvantages at the same time. You should not use it if your Tick event handler executes time-consuming operations. It freezes your window which it is executing the event handler method. You should think about using System.Threading.Timer in this case. The code is available on GitHub.

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• Using Subjects to Deploy Queries Dynamically

  - by Roman Schindlauer

  In the previous blog posting, we showed how to construct and deploy query fragments to a StreamInsight server, and how to re-use them later. In today’s posting we’ll integrate this pattern into a method of dynamically composing a new query with an existing one. The construct that enables this scenario in StreamInsight V2.1 is a Subject. A Subject lets me create a junction element in an existing query that I can tap into while the query is running. To set this up as an end-to-end example, let’s first define a stream simulator as our data source: var generator = myApp.DefineObservable(     (TimeSpan t) => Observable.Interval(t).Select(_ => new SourcePayload())); This ‘generator’ produces a new instance of SourcePayload with a period of t (system time) as an IObservable. SourcePayload happens to have a property of type double as its payload data. Let’s also define a sink for our example—an IObserver of double values that writes to the console: var console = myApp.DefineObserver(     (string label) => Observer.Create<double>(e => Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", label, e)))     .Deploy("ConsoleSink"); The observer takes a string as parameter which is used as a label on the console, so that we can distinguish the output of different sink instances. Note that we also deploy this observer, so that we can retrieve it later from the server from a different process. Remember how we defined the aggregation as an IQStreamable function in the previous article? We will use that as well: var avg = myApp     .DefineStreamable((IQStreamable<SourcePayload> s, TimeSpan w) =>         from win in s.TumblingWindow(w)         select win.Avg(e => e.Value))     .Deploy("AverageQuery"); Then we define the Subject, which acts as an observable sequence as well as an observer. Thus, we can feed a single source into the Subject and have multiple consumers—that can come and go at runtime—on the other side: var subject = myApp.CreateSubject("Subject", () => new Subject<SourcePayload>()); Subject are always deployed automatically. Their name is used to retrieve them from a (potentially) different process (see below). Note that the Subject as we defined it here doesn’t know anything about temporal streams. It is merely a sequence of SourcePayloads, without any notion of StreamInsight point events or CTIs. So in order to compose a temporal query on top of the Subject, we need to 'promote' the sequence of SourcePayloads into an IQStreamable of point events, including CTIs: var stream = subject.ToPointStreamable(     e => PointEvent.CreateInsert<SourcePayload>(e.Timestamp, e),     AdvanceTimeSettings.StrictlyIncreasingStartTime); In a later posting we will show how to use Subjects that have more awareness of time and can be used as a junction between QStreamables instead of IQbservables. Having turned the Subject into a temporal stream, we can now define the aggregate on this stream. We will use the IQStreamable entity avg that we defined above: var longAverages = avg(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)); In order to run the query, we need to bind it to a sink, and bind the subject to the source: var standardQuery = longAverages     .Bind(console("5sec average"))     .With(generator(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300)).Bind(subject)); Lastly, we start the process: standardQuery.Run("StandardProcess"); Now we have a simple query running end-to-end, producing results. What follows next is the crucial part of tapping into the Subject and adding another query that runs in parallel, using the same query definition (the “AverageQuery”) but with a different window length. We are assuming that we connected to the same StreamInsight server from a different process or even client, and thus have to retrieve the previously deployed entities through their names: // simulate the addition of a 'fast' query from a separate server connection, // by retrieving the aggregation query fragment // (instead of simply using the 'avg' object) var averageQuery = myApp     .GetStreamable<IQStreamable<SourcePayload>, TimeSpan, double>("AverageQuery"); // retrieve the input sequence as a subject var inputSequence = myApp     .GetSubject<SourcePayload, SourcePayload>("Subject"); // retrieve the registered sink var sink = myApp.GetObserver<string, double>("ConsoleSink"); // turn the sequence into a temporal stream var stream2 = inputSequence.ToPointStreamable(     e => PointEvent.CreateInsert<SourcePayload>(e.Timestamp, e),     AdvanceTimeSettings.StrictlyIncreasingStartTime); // apply the query, now with a different window length var shortAverages = averageQuery(stream2, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); // bind new sink to query and run it var fastQuery = shortAverages     .Bind(sink("1sec average"))     .Run("FastProcess"); The attached solution demonstrates the sample end-to-end. Regards, The StreamInsight Team

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• WF 4.0 can't get to resume workflow on the staging/production environment

  - by Yasmine Atta Hajjaj

  I have developed various registeration workflows using WF4.0. Each work flow has various bookmarks. I am using the registeration wf for an asp.net application. I tested the asp.net application locally and it is working fine( Starting WF, Persisting to db and resuming bookmarks). When I try to test it on the staging server, everything goes messy. I can no longer resume wfs and I get an error message : System.Runtime.DurableInstancing.InstancePersistenceCommandException was unhandled by user code Message=The execution of the InstancePersistenceCommand named {urn:schemas-microsoft-com:System.Activities.Persistence/command}LoadWorkflow was interrupted by an error. Source=System.Runtime.DurableInstancing StackTrace: at System.Runtime.AsyncResult.End[TAsyncResult](IAsyncResult result) at System.Runtime.DurableInstancing.InstancePersistenceContext.OuterExecute(InstanceHandle initialInstanceHandle, InstancePersistenceCommand command, Transaction transaction, TimeSpan timeout) at System.Runtime.DurableInstancing.InstanceStore.Execute(InstanceHandle handle, InstancePersistenceCommand command, TimeSpan timeout) at System.Activities.WorkflowApplication.PersistenceManager.Load(TimeSpan timeout) at System.Activities.WorkflowApplication.LoadCore(TimeSpan timeout, Boolean loadAny) at System.Activities.WorkflowApplication.Load(Guid instanceId, TimeSpan timeout) at System.Activities.WorkflowApplication.Load(Guid instanceId) at CEO_StartUpCEORegisterationTest.LoadInstance(Guid wfInstanceId) in c:\Users\Kunoichi\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\CMERegistrationSystem\RegistrationPortal\CEO\StartUpCEORegisterationTest.aspx.cs:line 64 at CEO_StartUpCEORegisterationTest.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) in c:\Users\Kunoichi\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\CMERegistrationSystem\RegistrationPortal\CEO\StartUpCEORegisterationTest.aspx.cs:line 44 at System.Web.Util.CalliHelper.EventArgFunctionCaller(IntPtr fp, Object o, Object t, EventArgs e) at System.Web.Util.CalliEventHandlerDelegateProxy.Callback(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.Control.OnLoad(EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) InnerException: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException Message=Index 'NCIX_KeysTable_SurrogateInstanceId' on table 'KeysTable' (specified in the FROM clause) does not exist. Source=.Net SqlClient Data Provider ErrorCode=-2146232060 Class=16 LineNumber=211 Number=308 Procedure=LoadInstance Server= State=1 StackTrace: at System.Runtime.AsyncResult.End[TAsyncResult](IAsyncResult result) at System.Activities.DurableInstancing.SqlWorkflowInstanceStoreAsyncResult.SqlCommandAsyncResultCallback(IAsyncResult result) I know that this is quite verbose. But I have been banging my head against the wall for more than a week. I did search and all I came to know was to work on ms dtc. I enabled it on the staging server , I installed application server on the staging server and I am still getting the same error. I would appreciate if anyone could help with the problem. Thanks in advance :)

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• WCF fails to deserialize correct(?) response message security headers (Security header is empty)

  - by Soeteman

  I'm communicating with an OC4J webservice, using a WCF client. The client is configured as follows: <basicHttpBinding> <binding name="MyBinding"> <security mode="TransportWithMessageCredential"> <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" realm=""/> <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default"/> </security> </binding> My clientcode looks as follows: ServicePointManager.CertificatePolicy = new AcceptAllCertificatePolicy(); string username = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["user"]; string password = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["pass"]; // client instance maken WebserviceClient client = new WebserviceClient(); client.Endpoint.Binding = new BasicHttpBinding("MyBinding"); // credentials toevoegen client.ClientCredentials.UserName.UserName = username; client.ClientCredentials.UserName.Password = password; //uitvoeren request var response = client.Ping(); I've altered the CertificatePolicy to accept all certificates, because I need to insert Charles (ssl proxy) in between client and server to intercept the actual Xml that is sent across te wire. My request looks as follows: <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:u="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd"> <s:Header> <o:Security s:mustUnderstand="1" xmlns:o="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd"> <u:Timestamp u:Id="_0"> <u:Created>2010-04-01T09:47:01.161Z</u:Created> <u:Expires>2010-04-01T09:52:01.161Z</u:Expires> </u:Timestamp> <o:UsernameToken u:Id="uuid-9b39760f-d504-4e53-908d-6125a1827aea-21"> <o:Username>user</o:Username> <o:Password o:Type="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-username- token-profile-1.0#PasswordText">pass</o:Password> </o:UsernameToken> </o:Security> </s:Header> <s:Body> <getPrdStatus xmlns="http://mynamespace.org/wsdl"> <request xmlns="" xmlns:a="http://mynamespace.org/wsdl" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <a:IsgrStsRequestTypeUser> <a:prdCode>LEPTO</a:prdCode> <a:sequenceNumber i:nil="true" /> <a:productionType i:nil="true" /> <a:statusDate>2010-04-01T11:47:01.1617641+02:00</a:statusDate> <a:ubn>123456</a:ubn> <a:animalSpeciesCode>RU</a:animalSpeciesCode> </a:IsgrStsRequestTypeUser> </request> </getPrdStatus> </s:Body> </s:Envelope> In return, I receive the following response: <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ns0="http://mynamespace.org/wsdl"> <env:Header> <wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" env:mustUnderstand="1" /> </env:Header> <env:Body> <ns0:getPrdStatusResponse> <result> <ns0:IsgrStsResponseTypeUser> <ns0:prdCode>LEPTO</ns0:prdCode> <ns0:color>green</ns0:color> <ns0:stsCode>LEP1</ns0:stsCode> <ns0:sequenceNumber xsi:nil="1" /> <ns0:productionType xsi:nil="1" /> <ns0:IAndRCode>00</ns0:IAndRCode> <ns0:statusDate>2010-04-01T00:00:00.000+02:00</ns0:statusDate> <ns0:description>Gecertificeerd vrij</ns0:description> <ns0:ubn>123456</ns0:ubn> <ns0:animalSpeciesCode>RU</ns0:animalSpeciesCode> <ns0:name>gecertificeerd vrij</ns0:name> <ns0:ranking>17</ns0:ranking> </ns0:IsgrStsResponseTypeUser> </result> </ns0:getPrdStatusResponse> </env:Body> </env:Envelope> Why can't WCF deserialize this response header? I'm getting a "Security header is empty" exception: Server stack trace: at System.ServiceModel.Security.ReceiveSecurityHeader.Process(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Security.TransportSecurityProtocol.VerifyIncomingMessageCore(Message& message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Security.TransportSecurityProtocol.VerifyIncomingMessage(Message& message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Security.SecurityProtocol.VerifyIncomingMessage(Message& message, TimeSpan timeout, SecurityProtocolCorrelationState[] correlationStates) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.SecurityChannelFactory`1.SecurityRequestChannel.ProcessReply(Message reply, SecurityProtocolCorrelationState correlationState, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.SecurityChannelFactory`1.SecurityRequestChannel.Request(Message message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.RequestChannelBinder.Request(Message message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.Call(String action, Boolean oneway, ProxyOperationRuntime operation, Object[] ins, Object[] outs, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.Call(String action, Boolean oneway, ProxyOperationRuntime operation, Object[] ins, Object[] outs) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.InvokeService(IMethodCallMessage methodCall, ProxyOperationRuntime operation) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.Invoke(IMessage message) Who knows what is going on here? I've already tried Rick Strahl's suggestion and removed the timestamp from the request header. Any help greatly appreciated!

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• WCF webservice stop working after upgrade to framework 3.5 sp1

  - by Victor

  I have a wcf webservice on one of my testing servers. Everything worked fine until I upgraded frome framework 3.5 to 3.5 sp1. the wcf web service stoped working and returns the error: "Failed to invoke the service. The service may be offline or inaccessible. Refer to the stack trace for details." "The remote server returned an unexpected response: (502) Proxy Error ( The specified network name is no longer available. ). Server stack trace: at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelUtilities.ValidateRequestReplyResponse(HttpWebRequest request, HttpWebResponse response, HttpChannelFactory factory, WebException responseException) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelFactory.HttpRequestChannel.HttpChannelRequest.WaitForReply(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.RequestChannel.Request(Message message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.RequestChannelBinder.Request(Message message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.Call(String action, Boolean oneway, ProxyOperationRuntime operation, Object[] ins, Object[] outs, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.Call(String action, Boolean oneway, ProxyOperationRuntime operation, Object[] ins, Object[] outs) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.InvokeService(IMethodCallMessage methodCall, ProxyOperationRuntime operation) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.Invoke(IMessage message)" Does anyone know what is going on here?

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• After playing a MediaElement, how can I play it again?

  - by Edward Tanguay

  I have a variable MediaElement variable named TestAudio in my Silverlight app. When I click the button, it plays the audio correctly. But when I click the button again, it does not play the audio. How can I make the MediaElement play a second time? None of the tries below to put position back to 0 worked: private void Button_Click_PlayTest(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //TestAudio.Position = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0); //TestAudio.Position = TestAudio.Position.Add(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0)); //TestAudio.Position = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 0); //TestAudio.Position = TimeSpan.Zero; TestAudio.Play(); }

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• Enumerate Class Properties in C#

  - by user275561

  I have a class Similar to this public class Model { public TimeSpan Time1 {get; set;} public TimeSpan Time2 { get; set; } public TimeSpan Time3 { get; set; } public TimeSpan Time4 { get; set; } } Now Let's Imagine I have to populate the times during runtime and then Figure out the time remaining between Time 1 and Time 2, then when that passes Find the time remaining between Time2 and Time3 and so on. However, I need to take into account what the time is right now. For Example: Now it is 1:00 PM Time1=5:00 AM Time 2 = 12:00 PM Time 3= 4:00 PM Time 4 = 6:00 PM So since the time is 1:00PM, I need to find the difference between Time 2 and Time 3 Now is there a smarter way other than reflection to determine this? Should i add something in my class

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• WCF: what timeout property to use?

  - by Tom234

  I have a piece of code like so NetTcpBinding binding = new NetTcpBinding(SecurityMode.Transport); binding.Security.Message.ClientCredentialType = MessageCredentialType.Windows; binding.CloseTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1); binding.OpenTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1); binding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1); binding.ReceiveTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1); EndpointAddress endPoint = new EndpointAddress(new Uri(clientPath)); DuplexChannelFactory<Iservice> channel = new DuplexChannelFactory<Iservice>(new ClientCallBack(clientName), binding, endPoint); channel.Ping() When the endpoint doesn't exist it still waits 20seconds before throwing an EndpointNotFoundException. The weird thing is that when i changed the SendTimeout the exception message changed from The connection attempt lasted for a time span of 00:00:20 to ....01 but still took 20seconds to throw the exception! How can i change this timeout?

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• Time required for a process to complete

  - by yelkawar

  I am new to C# world. I am attempting to calculate time taken by a algorithum for the purpose of comparison. Following code measures the elapsed time from when a subroutine is called until the subroutine returns to the main program.This example is taken from "Data structures through C#" by Michael McMillan. After running this program the output is Time=0, which is incorrect. The program appears to be logically correct. Can anybody help me. Following is the code using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Collections; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Chap1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int num1 = 100; int num2 = 200; Console.WriteLine("num1: " + num1); Console.WriteLine("num2: " + num2); Swap<int>(ref num1, ref num2); Console.WriteLine("num1: " + num1); Console.WriteLine("num2: " + num2); string str1 = "Sam"; string str2 = "Tom"; Console.WriteLine("String 1: " + str1); Console.WriteLine("String 2: " + str2); Swap<string>(ref str1, ref str2); Console.WriteLine("String 1: " + str1); Console.WriteLine("String 2: " + str2); Console.ReadKey(); } static void Swap<T>(ref T val1, ref T val2) { T temp; temp = val1; val1 = val2; val2 = temp; } } class Timing { TimeSpan StartTiming; TimeSpan duration; public Timing() { StartTiming = new TimeSpan(0); duration = new TimeSpan(0); } public TimeSpan startTime() { GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); StartTiming = Process.GetCurrentProcess().Threads[0].UserProcessorTime; return StartTiming; } public void stopTime() { duration = Process.GetCurrentProcess().Threads[0].UserProcessorTime.Subtract(StartTiming); } public TimeSpan result() { return duration; } } }

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• WPF multibound textblock not updating

  - by Superstringcheese

  I want to create a program which calculates how long it will take to repeat a process a certain number of times. I've scaled this down a lot for this example. So, I have some textboxes which are bound to properties in a class: Count: <TextBox x:Name="txtCount" Text="{Binding Count, Mode=TwoWay}" Width="50"/> Days: <TextBox x:Name="txtDays" Text="{Binding Days, Mode=TwoWay}" Width="50"/> and a textblock which is multibound like so: <TextBlock x:Name="tbkTotal"> <TextBlock.Text> <MultiBinding StringFormat="Days: {0}, Count: {1}"> <Binding Path="Days" /> /* This isn't updating */ <Binding Path="Count" /> </MultiBinding> </TextBlock.Text> </TextBlock> My DataContext is set in the Window1.xaml.cs file. public Window1() { InitializeComponent(); Sample sample = new Sample(); this.DataContext = sample; } I can update the multibound textblock with the Count property just fine, but the Days property always shows 0, even though the Days input accurately reflects changes. I believe that this is because my accessors are different for Days - namely, the Set method. This class is in a different file. public class Sample : INotifyPropertyChanged { private int _count; private TimeSpan _span; public int Count { get { return _count; } set { _count = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("Count"); /* Doesn't seem to be needed, actually */ } } public TimeSpan Span { get { return _span; } } /* The idea is to provide a property for Days, Hours, Minutes, etc. as conveniences to the inputter */ public double Days { get { return _span.Days; } set { TimeSpan ts = new TimeSpan(); double val = value > 0 ? value : 0; ts = TimeSpan.FromDays(val); _span.Add(ts); NotifyPropertyChanged("Span"); /* Here I can only get it to work if I notify that Span has changed - doesn't seem to be aware that the value behind Days has changed. */ } } private void NotifyPropertyChanged(string property) { if (null != this.PropertyChanged) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property)); } } public Sample() { _count = 0; _span = new TimeSpan(); } public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; }

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• How can I intercept an exception occurred during serialization in WCF?

  - by bonomo

  I have a legit data object with all data contract / data member attributes. For some reason the WCF service crashes after the operation has completed and the result is passed as a return value. I believe it has something to do with WCF not being able to serialize that result properly. The test client doesn't say anything specific: The underlying connection was closed: The connection was closed unexpectedly. Server stack trace: at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelUtilities.ProcessGetResponseWebException(WebException webException, HttpWebRequest request, HttpAbortReason abortReason) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelFactory.HttpRequestChannel.HttpChannelRequest.WaitForReply(TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.RequestChannel.Request(Message message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.RequestChannelBinder.Request(Message message, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.Call(String action, Boolean oneway, ProxyOperationRuntime operation, Object[] ins, Object[] outs, TimeSpan timeout) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.InvokeService(IMethodCallMessage methodCall, ProxyOperationRuntime operation) at System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.Invoke(IMessage message) Exception rethrown at [0]: at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.HandleReturnMessage(IMessage reqMsg, IMessage retMsg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.PrivateInvoke(MessageData& msgData, Int32 type) at IFacade.PickSecurities(String pattern, Int32 atMost) at FacadeClient.PickSecurities(String pattern, Int32 atMost) Inner Exception: The underlying connection was closed: The connection was closed unexpectedly. at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse() at System.ServiceModel.Channels.HttpChannelFactory.HttpRequestChannel.HttpChannelRequest.WaitForReply(TimeSpan timeout) I am in control of creating the instance of the service using a customized service host factory. I know I can set up trace listeners and check the logs, but it's a lot of hassle to do. So I would rather handle it explicitly on the server at the time it happens. So I how can I intercept that exception programmatically and return an appropriate fault meassage?

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