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  • stat() get group name is root

    - by mengmenger
    I have a file src.tar.gz whoes owner and group are named "src". When I run test.c compiled with name "test" (permission: -rwsr-xr-x owner:root group:staff) The way I run it: I am running it as group member under "src" group. But I run "test" as root since "test" permission is -rwsr-xr-x Question: Why did result come out like this? is the src.tar.gz group should be "src"? Output: Error: my group: src Error: src.tar.gz group is root test.c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <grp.h> void main(int ac, char **args) { const char *ERR_MSG_FORMAT = "%s: %s %s.\n"; char *ptr_source_file = "src.tar.gz"; struct stat src_stat; gid_t src_gid, my_gid; int i = stat(ptr_source_file, &src_stat); my_gid = getgid(); struct group *cur_gr = getgrgid(my_gid); fprintf(stderr, ERR_MSG_FORMAT, "Error", "my group: ", cur_gr->gr_name); src_gid = src_stat.st_gid; struct group *src_gr = getgrgid(src_gid); fprintf(stderr, ERR_MSG_FORMAT, "Error","src.tar.gz group is ", src_gr->gr_name); }

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  • Using pipes in Linux with C

    - by Dave
    Hi, I'm doing a course in Operating Systems and we're supposed to learn how to use pipes to transfer data between processes. We were given this simple piece of code which demonstrates how to use pipes,but I'm having difficulty understanding it. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> main() { int pipefd [2], n; char buff[100] ; if( pipe( pipefd) < 0) { printf("can not create pipe \n"); } printf("read fd = %d, write fd = %d \n", pipefd[0], pipefd[1]); if ( write (pipefd[1],"hello world\n", 12)!= 12) { printf("pipe write error \n"); } if( ( n = read ( pipefd[0] , buff, sizeof ( buff) ) ) <= 0 ) { printf("pipe read error \n"); } write ( 1, buff, n ) ; exit (0); } What does the write function do? It seems to send data to the pipe and also print it to the screen (at least it seems like the second time the write function is called it does this). Does anyone have any suggestions of good websites for learning about topics such as this, FIFO, signals, other basic linux commands used in C?

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  • aio_read from file error on OS X

    - by Pyetras
    The following code: #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <aio.h> #include <errno.h> int main (int argc, char const *argv[]) { char name[] = "abc"; int fdes; if ((fdes = open(name, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600 )) < 0) printf("%d, create file", errno); int buffer[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; if (write(fdes, &buffer, sizeof(buffer)) == 0){ printf("writerr\n"); } struct aiocb aio; int n = 2; while (n--){ aio.aio_reqprio = 0; aio.aio_fildes = fdes; aio.aio_offset = sizeof(int); aio.aio_sigevent.sigev_notify = SIGEV_NONE; int buffer2; aio.aio_buf = &buffer2; aio.aio_nbytes = sizeof(buffer2); if (aio_read(&aio) != 0){ printf("%d, readerr\n", errno); }else{ const struct aiocb *aio_l[] = {&aio}; if (aio_suspend(aio_l, 1, 0) != 0){ printf("%d, suspenderr\n", errno); }else{ printf("%d\n", *(int *)aio.aio_buf); } } } return 0; } Works fine on Linux (Ubuntu 9.10, compiled with -lrt), printing 1 1 But fails on OS X (10.6.6 and 10.6.5, I've tested it on two machines): 1 35, readerr Is this possible that this is due to some library error on OS X, or am I doing something wrong?

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  • how can exec change the behavior of exec'ed program

    - by R Samuel Klatchko
    I am trying to track down a very odd crash. What is so odd about it is a workaround that someone discovered and which I cannot explain. The workaround is this small program which I'll refer to as 'runner': #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc == 1) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s prog [args ...]\n", argv[0]); return 1; } execvp(argv[1], argv + 1); fprintf(stderr, "execv failed: %s\n", strerror(errno)); // If exec returns because the program is not found or we // don't have the appropriate permission return 255; } As you can see, all this program does is use execvp to replace itself with a different program. The program crashes when it is directly invoked from the command line: /path/to/prog args # this crashes but works fine when it is indirectly invoked via my runner shim: /path/to/runner /path/to/prog args # works successfully For the life of me, I can figure out how having an extra exec can change the behavior of the program being run (as you can see the program does not change the environment). Some background on the crash. The crash itself is happening in the C++ runtime. Specifically, when the program does a throw, the crashing version incorrectly thinks there is no matching catch (although there is) and calls terminate. When I invoke the program via runner, the exception is properly caught. My question is any idea why the extra exec changes the behavior of the exec'ed program?

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  • Installing PIL on Cygwin

    - by Dustin
    I've been struggling all morning to get PIL installed on Cygwin. The errors I get are not consistent with common errors I find using Google. Perhaps a linux guru can see an obvious problem in this output: $ python setup.py install running install running build running build_py running build_ext building '_imaging' extension gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DHAVE_LIBZ -I/usr/include/freetype2 -IlibImaging -I/usr/include -I/usr/include/python2.5 -c _imaging.c -o build/temp.cygwin-1.7.2-i686-2.5/_imaging.o In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/include/syslimits.h:7, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/include/limits.h:11, from /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:18, from _imaging.c:75: /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/include/limits.h:122:61: limits.h: No such file or directory In file included from _imaging.c:75: /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:32:19: stdio.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:34:5: #error "Python.h requires that stdio.h define NULL." /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:37:20: string.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:39:19: errno.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:41:20: stdlib.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:43:20: unistd.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:55:20: assert.h: No such file or directory In file included from /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:57, from _imaging.c:75: /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:7:20: stdint.h: No such file or directory In file included from /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:57, from _imaging.c:75: /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:89: error: parse error before "Py_uintptr_t" /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:89: warning: type defaults to `int' in declaration of `Py_uintptr_t' /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:89: warning: data definition has no type or storage class /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:90: error: parse error before "Py_intptr_t" /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:90: warning: type defaults to `int' in declaration of `Py_intptr_t' ... more lines like this

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  • Segmentation fault

    - by darkie15
    #include<stdio.h> #include<zlib.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<string.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *path=NULL; size_t size; int index ; printf("\nArgument count is = %d", argc); printf ("\nThe 0th argument to the file is %s", argv[0]); path = getcwd(path, size); printf("\nThe current working directory is = %s", path); if (argc <= 1) { printf("\nUsage: ./output filename1 filename2 ..."); } else if (argc > 1) { for (index = 1; index <= argc;index++) { printf("\n File name entered is = %s", argv[index]); strcat(path,argv[index]); printf("\n The complete path of the file name is = %s", path); } } return 0; } In the above code, here is the output that I get while running the code: $ ./output test.txt Argument count is = 2 The 0th argument to the file is ./output The current working directory is = /home/welcomeuser File name entered is = test.txt The complete path of the file name is = /home/welcomeusertest.txt Segmentation fault (core dumped) Can anyone please me understand why I am getting a core dumped error? Regards, darkie

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  • Can someone explain me this code ?

    - by VaioIsBorn
    #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> int good(int addr) { printf("Address of hmm: %p\n", addr); } int hmm() { printf("Win.\n"); execl("/bin/sh", "sh", NULL); } extern char **environ; int main(int argc, char **argv) { int i, limit; for(i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; i++) memset(environ[i], 0x00, strlen(environ[i])); int (*fptr)(int) = good; char buf[32]; if(strlen(argv[1]) <= 40) limit = strlen(argv[1]); for(i = 0; i <= limit; i++) { buf[i] = argv[1][i]; if(i < 36) buf[i] = 0x41; } int (*hmmptr)(int) = hmm; (*fptr)((int)hmmptr); return 0; } I don't really understand the code above, i have it from an online game - i should supply something in the arguments so it would give me shell, but i don't get it how it works so i don't know what to do. So i need someone that would explain it what it does, how it's working and the stuff. Thanks.

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  • Incompatible types when assigning to type 'struct compartido'

    - by user1660559
    I have one problem with this code. I should create one structure and share it across 5 new process created from the father: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/shm.h> #include <sys/sem.h> #include <time.h> struct compartido { int pid1, pid2, pid3, pid4, pid5; int propietario; int contador; int pidpadre; }; struct compartido var; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { key_t llave1,llavesem; int idmem,idsem; llave1=ftok("/tmp",'a'); idmem=shmget(llave1,sizeof(int),IPC_CREAT|0600); if (idmem==-1) { perror ("shmget"); return 1; } var=shmat(idmem,0,0); /*This line is giving the error*/ /*rest of the code*/ } The exact error is giving is: error: incompatible types when assigning to type 'struct compartido' from type 'void *' I need to put this structure in the shared variable to be able to see and modify all those data from the 6 process (5 children and the father). What I'm doing bad? Thanks in advance and best regards,

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  • C: incompatible types in assignment

    - by The.Anti.9
    I'm writing a program to check to see if a port is open in C. One line in particular copies one of the arguments to a char array. However, when I try to compile, it says: error: incompatible types in assignment Heres the code. The error is on the assignment of addr #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { u_short port; /* user specified port number */ char addr[1023]; /* will be a copy of the address entered by u */ struct sockaddr_in address; /* the libc network address data structure */ short int sock = -1; /* file descriptor for the network socket */ port = atoi(argv[1]); addr = strncpy(addr, argv[2], 1023); bzero((char *)&address, sizeof(address)); /* init addr struct */ address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(addr); /* assign the address */ address.sin_port = htons(port); /* translate int2port num */ sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&address,sizeof(address)) == 0) { printf("%i is open\n", port); } if (errno == 113) { fprintf(stderr, "Port not open!\n"); } close(sock); return 0; } I'm new to C, so I'm not sure why it would do this.

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  • Does waitpid yield valid status information for a child process that has already exited?

    - by dtrebbien
    If I fork a child process, and the child process exits before the parent even calls waitpid, then is the exit status information that is set by waitpid still valid? If so, when does it become not valid; i.e., how do I ensure that I can call waitpid on the child pid and continue to get valid exit status information after an arbitrary amount of time, and how do I "clean up" (tell the OS that I am no longer interested in the exit status information for the finished child process)? I was playing around with the following code, and it appears that the exit status information is valid for at least a few seconds after the child finishes, but I do not know for how long or how to inform the OS that I won't be calling waitpid again: #include <assert.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/wait.h> int main() { pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fork\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } else if (pid == 0) { // code for child process _exit(17); } else { // code for parent sleep(3); int status; waitpid(pid, &status, 0); waitpid(pid, &status, 0); // call `waitpid` again just to see if the first call had an effect assert(WIFEXITED(status)); assert(WEXITSTATUS(status) == 17); } return EXIT_SUCCESS; }

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  • C: socket connection timeout

    - by The.Anti.9
    I have a simple program to check if a port is open, but I want to shorten the timeout length on the socket connection because the default is far too long. I'm not sure how to do this though. Here's the code: #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { u_short port; /* user specified port number */ char addr[1023]; /* will be a copy of the address entered by u */ struct sockaddr_in address; /* the libc network address data structure */ short int sock = -1; /* file descriptor for the network socket */ if (argc != 3) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage %s <port_num> <address>", argv[0]); return EXIT_FAILURE; } address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[2]); /* assign the address */ address.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); /* translate int2port num */ sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&address,sizeof(address)) == 0) { printf("%i is open\n", port); } close(sock); return 0; }

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  • Capabilities & Linux & Java

    - by Marek Jelen
    Hi, I am experimenting with linux capabilities for java application ... I do not want to add capabilities to interpreter (JVM), so I tried to write simple wrapper (with debugging information printed to stdout): #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/capability.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ cap_t cap = cap_get_proc(); if (!cap) { perror("cap_get_proc"); exit(1); } printf("%s: running with caps %s\n", argv[0], cap_to_text(cap, NULL)); return execlp("/usr/bin/java", "-server", "-jar", "project.jar", (char *)NULL); } This way, I can se that the capability is set for this execucatable: ./runner: running with caps = cap_net_bind_service+p And getcap shows runner = cap_net_bind_service+ip I have the capability set to be inheritable, so there should be no problem. However java still don't want to bind to privileged ports :-( I am getting this error: sun/nio/ch/Net.java:-2:in `bind': java.net.SocketException: Permission denied (NativeException) Can someone help me to resolve this? Thanks in advance

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  • Strange results while measuring delta time on Linux

    - by pachanga
    Folks, could you please explain why I'm getting very strange results from time to time using the the following code: #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <time.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { struct timeval start, end; long mtime, seconds, useconds; while(1) { gettimeofday(&start, NULL); usleep(2000); gettimeofday(&end, NULL); seconds = end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec; useconds = end.tv_usec - start.tv_usec; mtime = ((seconds) * 1000 + useconds/1000.0) + 0.5; if(mtime > 10) printf("WTF: %ld\n", mtime); } return 0; } (You can compile and run it with: gcc test.c -o out -lrt && ./out) What I'm experiencing is sporadic big values of mtime variable almost every second or even more often, e.g: $ gcc test.c -o out -lrt && ./out WTF: 14 WTF: 11 WTF: 11 WTF: 11 WTF: 14 WTF: 13 WTF: 13 WTF: 11 WTF: 16 How can this be possible? Is it OS to blame? Does it do too much context switching? But my box is idle( load average: 0.02, 0.02, 0.3). Here is my Linux kernel version: $ uname -a Linux kurluka 2.6.31-21-generic #59-Ubuntu SMP Wed Mar 24 07:28:56 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux

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  • Why does the output look like this?

    - by cjk
    I have a c program below, I would like to send out a 32 bit message in a particular order Eg.0x00000001. #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <stdint.h> struct test { uint16_t a; uint16_t b; }; int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { char buf[4]; struct test* ptr=(struct test*)buf; ptr->a=0x0000; ptr->b=0x0001; printf("%x %x\n",buf[0],buf[1]); //output is 0 0 printf("%x %x\n",buf[2],buf[3]); //output is 1 0 return 0; } Then I test it by print out the values in char array. I got output in the above comments. Shouldn't the output be 0 0 and 0 1? since but[3] is the last byte? Is there anything I missed? Thanks!

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  • Variable modification in a child process

    - by teaLeef
    I am working on Bryant and O'Hallaron's Computer Systems, A Programmer's Perspective. Exercise 8.16 asks for the output of a program like (I changed it because they use a header file you can download on their website): #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <errno.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> int counter = 1; int main() { if (fork() == 0){ counter--; exit(0); } else{ Wait(NULL); printf("counter = %d\n", ++counter); } exit(0); } I answered "counter = 1" because the parent process waits for its children to terminate and then increments counter. But the child first decrements it. However, when I tested the program, I found that the correct answer was "counter = 2". Is the variable "counter" different in the child and in the parent process? If not, then why is the answer 2?

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  • Why does mmap() fail with ENOMEM on a 1TB sparse file?

    - by metadaddy
    I've been working with large sparse files on openSUSE 11.2 x86_64. When I try to mmap() a 1TB sparse file, it fails with ENOMEM. I would have thought that the 64 bit address space would be adequate to map in a terabyte, but it seems not. Experimenting further, a 1GB file works fine, but a 2GB file (and anything bigger) fails. I'm guessing there might be a setting somewhere to tweak, but an extensive search turns up nothing. Here's some sample code that shows the problem - any clues? #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char * filename = argv[1]; int fd; off_t size = 1UL << 40; // 30 == 1GB, 40 == 1TB fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666); ftruncate(fd, size); printf("Created %ld byte sparse file\n", size); char * buffer = (char *)mmap(NULL, (size_t)size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); if ( buffer == MAP_FAILED ) { perror("mmap"); exit(1); } printf("Done mmap - returned 0x0%lx\n", (unsigned long)buffer); strcpy( buffer, "cafebabe" ); printf("Wrote to start\n"); strcpy( buffer + (size - 9), "deadbeef" ); printf("Wrote to end\n"); if ( munmap(buffer, (size_t)size) < 0 ) { perror("munmap"); exit(1); } close(fd); return 0; }

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  • What is the most obfuscated and clever code you've seen? [closed]

    - by ThibThib
    I am aware about the The International Obfuscated C Code Contest, but I am looking for obfuscated AND clever codes (specially short ones) Here is two examples (the first one is a classical one, I think) #define _ F-->00 || F-OO--; long F=00,OO=00; main(){F_OO();printf("%1.3f\n", 4.*-F/OO/OO);}F_OO() { _-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_-_-_ } and #include <unistd.h> float o=0.075,h=1.5,T,r,O,l,I;int _,L=80,s=3200;main(){for(;s%L|| (h-=o,T= -2),s;4 -(r=O*O)<(l=I*I)|++ _==L&&write(1,(--s%L?_<L?--_ %6:6:7)+"World! \n",1)&&(O=I=l=_=r=0,T+=o /2))O=I*2*O+h,I=l+T-r;} I let you compile and run them so as to understand what they are producing. Of course, I am not looking for only obfuscated code, because I guess that every code could be transformed in a way that it is not readable at all I am more looking for small codes that you can eventually understand, with some clever tricks. I will show them to my students as example of clever things that they should not do (it's always better to show clever examples rather than stupid ones...) Thanks

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  • Using the read function to read in a file.

    - by robUK
    Hello, gcc 4.4.1 I am using the read function to read in a wave file. However, when it gets to the read function. Execution seems to stop and freezes. I am wondering if I am doing anything wrong with this. The file size test-short.wave is: 514K. What I am aiming for is to read the file into the memory buffer chunks at a time. Currently I just testing this. Many thanks for any suggestions, #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(void) { char buff = malloc(10240); int32_t fd = 0; int32_t bytes_read = 0; char *filename = "test-short.wav"; /* open wave file */ if((fd = (open(filename, O_RDWR)) == -1)) { fprintf(stderr, "open [ %s ]\n", strerror(errno)); return 1; } printf("Opened file [ %s ]\n", filename); printf("sizeof(buff) [ %d ]\n", sizeof(buff)); printf("strlen(buff) [ %d ]\n", strlen(buff)); bytes_read = read(fd, buff, sizeof(buff)); printf("Bytes read [ %d ]\n", bytes_read); return 0; }

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  • sockaddr_in causing segfault?

    - by Curlystraw
    Working on creating a server/client system in C right now, and I'm having a little trouble with the client part. From what I've seen, I need to use sockaddr_in so I can connect to the server. However, I've been getting a segfault every time. I believe that sockaddr_in has something to do with it, as comment it and it's references later in the program fixes the segfault. code: #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <netinet/in.h> int main(int argc, char** argv) { int Csock; int con; char *data = 0; char buf[101] = ""; struct sockaddr_in addr; Csock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); addr.sin_family = AF_INET; addr.sin_port = htons(3435); con = connect(Csock, (struct sockaddr*) &addr, sizeof(&addr)); write(con, "Text", sizeof("Text")); *data = read(con, buf, 100); puts(data); return 0; } sadly, I am rather new to C, so that's as much as I can figure... can anyone tell me a way to go about eliminating the segfault? Thanks!

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  • Difference between the address space of parent process and its child process in Linux?

    - by abbas1707
    Hi, I am confused about it. I have read that when a child is created by a parent process, child gets a copy of its parent's address space. What it means here by copy? If i use code below, then it prints same addresses of variable 'a' which is on heap in all cases. i.e in case of child and parent. So what is happening here? #include <sys/types.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main () { pid_t pid; int *a = (int *)malloc(4); printf ("heap pointer %p\n", a); pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "Fork Failed"); exit(-1); } else if (pid == 0) { printf ("Child\n"); printf ("in child heap pointer %p\n", a); } else { wait (NULL); printf ("Child Complete\n"); printf ("in parent heap pointer %p\n", a); exit(0); } }

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  • compile error:c language in telnet(linux)

    - by lilyrose07
    #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<pthread.h> int count=0; void *thread_function(void *arg) { while(count<10) { if(count%2==1) { count++; } else {sleep(1);} } } int main(int argc,int *argv) { int res; pthread_t a_thread[2]; void *thread_result; int n; while(count<10) { if(count%2==0) {printf("%d",count); count++; } else{sleep(1);} } for(n=0;n<2;n++) { pthread_create(&(a_thread[n]),NULL,thread_function,NULL); } while(count==9) {pthread_join(a_thread[0],&thread_result); } while(count==10) { pthread_join(a_thread[1],&thread_result); } printf("%d",count); return 0; } in telnet,linux i write gcc za.c error list: undefined reference to pthread_create,pthread_join in function 'main' //why??

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  • 'table' undeclared (first use this in a function)

    - by user2318083
    So I'm not sure why this isn't working, I'm creating a new table and setting it to the variable 'table' Is there something I'm doing wrong? This is the error I get when trying to run it: src/simpleshell.c:19:3: error: ‘table’ undeclared (first use in this function) src/simpleshell.c:19:3: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in My code is as follows: #include "parser.h" #include "hash_table.h" #include "variables.h" #include "shell.h" #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char input[MAXINPUTLINE]; table = Table_create(); signal_c_init(); printf("\nhlsh$ "); while(fgets(input, sizeof(input), stdin)){ stripcrlf(input); parse(input); printf("\nhlsh$ "); } Table_free(table); return 0; } Then this is my create a table in the hash_table file: struct Table *Table_create(void){ struct Table *t; t = (struct Table*)calloc(1, sizeof(struct Table)); return t; } From the hash_table.c: #include "hash_table.h" #include "parser.h" #include "shell.h" #include "variables.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/resource.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pwd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <limits.h> #include <signal.h> struct Table *table; unsigned int hash(const char *x){ int i; unsigned int h = 0U; for (i=0; x[i]!='\0'; i++){ h = h * 65599 + (unsigned char)x[i]; } return h % 1024; }

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  • Error with postgres and Rails in Bundle Install on Ubuntu 12.10

    - by jason328
    I'm trying to install postgres onto Ubuntu. When running the Bundle Install in terminal I'm receiving this message at the end of the running code. How do I get pg to install properly? Libpq-dev is installed as well. Using coffee-rails (3.2.2) Using diff-lcs (1.1.3) Using jquery-rails (2.0.2) Installing pg (0.12.2) with native extensions Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb checking for pg_config... yes Using config values from /usr/bin/pg_config checking for libpq-fe.h... yes checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... yes checking for PQconnectionUsedPassword()... yes checking for PQisthreadsafe()... yes checking for PQprepare()... yes checking for PQexecParams()... yes checking for PQescapeString()... yes checking for PQescapeStringConn()... yes checking for PQgetCancel()... yes checking for lo_create()... yes checking for pg_encoding_to_char()... yes checking for PQsetClientEncoding()... yes checking for rb_encdb_alias()... yes checking for rb_enc_alias()... no checking for struct pgNotify.extra in libpq-fe.h... yes checking for unistd.h... yes checking for ruby/st.h... yes creating extconf.h creating Makefile make compiling compat.c compiling pg.c pg.c: In function ‘pgconn_wait_for_notify’: pg.c:2117:3: warning: ‘rb_thread_select’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/ruby- 1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) [-Wdeprecated-declarations] pg.c: In function ‘pgconn_block’: pg.c:2592:3: error: format not a string literal and no format arguments [-Werror=format- security] pg.c:2598:3: warning: ‘rb_thread_select’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/ruby- 1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) [-Wdeprecated-declarations] pg.c:2607:4: error: format not a string literal and no format arguments [-Werror=format- security] pg.c: In function ‘pgconn_locreate’: pg.c:2866:11: warning: variable ‘lo_oid’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable] pg.c: In function ‘find_or_create_johab’: pg.c:3947:3: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘rb_encdb_alias’ [-Wimplicit- function-declaration] cc1: some warnings being treated as errors make: *** [pg.o] Error 1 Gem files will remain installed in /home/jason/.bundler/tmp/10083/gems/pg-0.12.2 for inspection. Results logged to /home/jason/.bundler/tmp/10083/gems/pg-0.12.2/ext/gem_make.out An error occurred while installing pg (0.12.2), and Bundler cannot continue. Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.12.2'` succeeds before bundling.

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  • Perl missing while installing nginx on centos

    - by Ahoura Ghotbi
    I am trying to install nginx on my server, however it keeps returning "./configure: error: perl 5.6.1 or higher is required" eventhough I have perl v5.8.8!!!! I have already downloaded perl and trying to configure it using the following command : ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module --with-http_flv_module --add-module=nginx_mod_h264_streaming here is the output : [root@fst nginx-0.8.55]# ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module --with-http_flv_module --add-module=nginx_mod_h264_streaming checking for OS + Linux 2.6.18-308.el5 x86_64 checking for C compiler ... found + using GNU C compiler + gcc version: 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52) checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found checking for C99 variadic macros ... found checking for gcc variadic macros ... found checking for unistd.h ... found checking for inttypes.h ... found checking for limits.h ... found checking for sys/filio.h ... not found checking for sys/param.h ... found checking for sys/mount.h ... found checking for sys/statvfs.h ... found checking for crypt.h ... found checking for Linux specific features checking for epoll ... found checking for sendfile() ... found checking for sendfile64() ... found checking for sys/prctl.h ... found checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) ... found checking for sched_setaffinity() ... found checking for crypt_r() ... found checking for sys/vfs.h ... found checking for nobody group ... found checking for poll() ... found checking for /dev/poll ... not found checking for kqueue ... not found checking for crypt() ... not found checking for crypt() in libcrypt ... found checking for F_READAHEAD ... not found checking for posix_fadvise() ... found checking for O_DIRECT ... found checking for F_NOCACHE ... not found checking for directio() ... not found checking for statfs() ... found checking for statvfs() ... found checking for dlopen() ... not found checking for dlopen() in libdl ... found checking for sched_yield() ... found checking for SO_SETFIB ... not found configuring additional modules adding module in nginx_mod_h264_streaming + ngx_http_h264_streaming_module was configured checking for PCRE library ... found checking for system md library ... not found checking for system md5 library ... not found checking for OpenSSL md5 crypto library ... found checking for zlib library ... found checking for perl + perl version: v5.8.8 built for x86_64-linux-thread-multi ./configure: error: perl 5.6.1 or higher is required

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  • Is it reasonable that a random disk seek & read costs ~16ms?

    - by fzhang
    I am frustrated about the latency of random reading from a non-ssd disk. Based on results from following test program, it speeds ~16 ms for a random read of just 512 bytes without help of os cache. I tried changing 512 to larger values, such as 25k, and the latency did not increase as much. I guess it is because the disk seek dominates the time. I understand that random reading is inherently slow, but just want to be sure that ~16ms is reasonable, even for non-ssd disk. #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <limits.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char** argv) { int fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY); if (fd < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed open %s\n", argv[1]); return -1; } const size_t count = 512; const off_t offset = 25990611 / 2; char buffer[count] = { '\0' }; struct timeval start_time; gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL); off_t ret = lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET); if (ret != offset) { perror("lseek error"); close(fd); return -1; } ret = read(fd, buffer, count); if (ret != count) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed reading all: %ld\n", ret); close(fd); return -1; } struct timeval end_time; gettimeofday(&end_time, NULL); printf("tv_sec: %ld, tv_usec: %ld\n", end_time.tv_sec - start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec - start_time.tv_usec); close(fd); return 0; }

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