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  • Load balanced IIS. Should I use NLB, or linux-based reverse proxy, or something else?

    - by growse
    What would be the best approach for load-balancing at least 2-3 Windows 2008 R2 IIS webservers running a multitude of .NET applications? My choices appear to be: 1) Hardware-based network device load balancer, like a Cisco CSS 2) Windows NLB 3) Some sort of linux based proxy, either haproxy or other The three servers sit as VMs on a vSphere farm, so I have the ability to clone to up the instance count in times of high load. I control the switch that the vSphere hosts are plugged into (Cisco 3750), but don't control the switching/routing infrastructure beyond that to the clients. (1) Is too expensive, and probably overkill for my needs. I've included this in case someone figures out a cunning way to do it on my existing network kit, which I doubt. (2) would seem to be the obvious "built-in" option, but seems to be quite fiddly messing around with network interfaces, multicast, and generally other things that seem to be needlessly complex. It's also fairly stupid, in that it can't remove hosts from the pool if they start throwing 500 errors or otherwise go wrong (3) is the most interesting option, as it would appear to offer the most flexibility and customizability, but without having to mess around with the network. However, while I'm familiar with the reverse-proxy capabilities of lighttpd etc, I'm not that well read on other options like HAProxy, which might be able to offer a lot more. Which would you go for, and is there anything I've not thought of?

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  • Were the first assemblers written in machine code?

    - by The111
    I am reading the book The Elements of Computing Systems: Building a Modern Computer from First Principles, which contains projects encompassing the build of a computer from boolean gates all the way to high level applications (in that order). The current project I'm working on is writing an assembler using a high level language of my choice, to translate from Hack assembly code to Hack machine code (Hack is the name of the hardware platform built in the previous chapters). Although the hardware has all been built in a simulator, I have tried to pretend that I am really constructing each level using only the tools available to me at that point in the real process. That said, it got me thinking. Using a high level language to write my assembler is certainly convenient, but for the very first assembler ever written (i.e. in history), wouldn't it need to be written in machine code, since that's all that existed at the time? And a correlated question... how about today? If a brand new CPU architecture comes out, with a brand new instruction set, and a brand new assembly syntax, how would the assembler be constructed? I'm assuming you could still use an existing high level language to generate binaries for the assembler program, since if you know the syntax of both the assembly and machine languages for your new platform, then the task of writing the assembler is really just a text analysis task and is not inherently related to that platform (i.e. needing to be written in that platform's machine language)... which is the very reason I am able to "cheat" while writing my Hack assembler in 2012, and use some preexisting high level language to help me out.

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  • What does the ".align" x86 Assembler directive do exactly? [migrated]

    - by Sinister Clock
    I will list exactly what I do not understand, and show you the parts I can not understand as well. First off, The .Align Directive .align integer, pad. The .align directive causes the next data generated to be aligned modulo integer bytes 1.~ ? : What is implied with "causes the next data generated to be aligned modulo integer bytes?" I can surmise that the next data generated is a memory-to-register transfer, no? Modulo would imply the remainder of a division. I do not understand "to be aligned modulo integer bytes"....... What would be a remainder of a simple data declaration, and how would the next data generated being aligned by a remainder be useful? If the next data is aligned modulo, that is saying the next generated data, whatever that means exactly, is the remainder of an integer? That makes absolutely no sense. What specifically would the .align, say, .align 8 directive issued in x86 for a data byte compiled from a C char, i.e., char CHARACTER = 0; be for? Or specifically coded directly with that directive, not preliminary Assembly code after compiling C? I have debugged in Assembly and noticed that any C/C++ data declarations, like chars, ints, floats, etc. will insert the directive .align 8 to each of them, and add other directives like .bss, .zero, .globl, .text, .Letext0, .Ltext0. What are all of these directives for, or at least my main asking? I have learned a lot of the main x86 Assembly instructions, but never was introduced or pointed at all of these strange directives. How do they affect the opcodes, and are all of them necessary?

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  • GAC Assembly Missing in Add Reference dialog

    - by Frederick
    I have an Interop assembly lying in GAC; Windows Explorer clearly shows it listed in the C:\WINDOWS\assembly folder. Yet, when I try to add a reference to it in from Visual Studio, I can't see it anywhere in the Add Reference dialog. If this is happened to you too, what is the reason for this? And how do I fix this? (The assembly is actually located in C:\WINDOWS\assembly\GAC_MSIL folder, if you must know.)

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  • JSON.Net: deserializing polymorphic types without specifying the assembly

    - by Frank Schwieterman
    I see that using JSON.Net, I can decode polymorphic objects if a $type attribute specifies the specific type of the JSON object. In all the examples I've seen, $type includes the namespace. Is it possible to make this work including just a simple typename without the assembly? I'd be happy to specify a default assembly to the JsonSerializer if thats possible I am able to deserialize the JSON using: public class SingleAssemblyJsonTypeBinder : SerializationBinder { private readonly Assembly _assembly; private Dictionary _typesBySimpleName = new Dictionary(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); private Dictionary _simpleNameByType = new Dictionary(); public SingleAssemblyJsonTypeBinder(Assembly assembly) { _assembly = assembly; _typesBySimpleName = new Dictionary<string, Type>(); foreach (var type in _assembly.GetTypes().Where(t => t.IsPublic)) { if (_typesBySimpleName.ContainsKey(type.Name)) throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot user PolymorphicBinder on a namespace where multiple public types have same name."); _typesBySimpleName[type.Name] = type; _simpleNameByType[type] = type.Name; } } public override Type BindToType(string assemblyName, string typeName) { Type result; if (_typesBySimpleName.TryGetValue(typeName.Trim(), out result)) return result; return null; } public override void BindToName(Type serializedType, out string assemblyName, out string typeName) { string name; if (_simpleNameByType.TryGetValue(serializedType, out name)) { typeName = name; assemblyName = null;// _assembly.FullName; } else { typeName = null; assemblyName = null; } } } ... public static JsonSerializerSettings GetJsonSerializationSettings() { var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings(); settings.Binder = new SingleAssemblyJsonTypeBinder(typeof(MvcApplication).Assembly); settings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Objects; return settings; } .... var serializer = JsonSerializer.Create(settings); I haven't been able to make this work with MVC though, I'm configuring json deserialization per the code below in Application_Start, and the object is deserialized, but using the base type one. GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.Binder = new SingleAssemblyJsonTypeBinder(this.GetType().Assembly); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.All; GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.TypeNameAssemblyFormat = FormatterAssemblyStyle.Simple;

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  • Low level programming - what's in it for me?

    - by back2dos
    For years I have considered digging into what I consider "low level" languages. For me this means C and assembly. However I had no time for this yet, nor has it EVER been neccessary. Now because I don't see any neccessity arising, I feel like I should either just schedule some point in time when I will study the subject or drop the plan forever. My Position For the past 4 years I have focused on "web technologies", which may change, and I am an application developer, which is unlikely to change. In application development, I think usability is the most important thing. You write applications to be "consumed" by users. The more usable those applications are, the more value you have produced. In order to achieve good usability, I believe the following things are viable Good design: Well-thought-out features accessible through a well-thought-out user interface. Correctness: The best design isn't worth anything, if not implemented correctly. Flexibility: An application A should constantly evolve, so that its users need not switch to a different application B, that has new features, that A could implement. Applications addressing the same problem should not differ in features but in philosophy. Performance: Performance contributes to a good user experience. An application is ideally always responsive and performs its tasks reasonably fast (based on their frequency). The value of performance optimization beyond the point where it is noticeable by the user is questionable. I think low level programming is not going to help me with that, except for performance. But writing a whole app in a low level language for the sake of performance is premature optimization to me. My Question What could low level programming teach me, what other languages wouldn't teach me? Am I missing something, or is it just a skill, that is of very little use for application development? Please understand, that I am not questioning the value of C and assembly. It's just that in my everyday life, I am quite happy that all the intricacies of that world are abstracted away and managed for me (mostly by layers written in C/C++ and assembly themselves). I just don't see any concepts, that could be new to me, only details I would have to stuff my head with. So what's in it for me? My Conclusion Thanks to everyone for their answers. I must say, nobody really surprised me, but at least now I am quite sure I will drop this area of interest until any need for it arises. To my understanding, writing assembly these days for processors as they are in use in today's CPUs is not only unneccesarily complicated, but risks to result in poorer runtime performance than a C counterpart. Optimizing by hand is nearly impossible due to OOE, while you do not get all kinds of optimizations a compiler can do automatically. Also, the code is either portable, because it uses a small subset of available commands, or it is optimized, but then it probably works on one architecture only. Writing C is not nearly as neccessary anymore, as it was in the past. If I were to write an application in C, I would just as much use tested and established libraries and frameworks, that would spare me implementing string copy routines, sorting algorithms and other kind of stuff serving as exercise at university. My own code would execute faster at the cost of type safety. I am neither keen on reeinventing the wheel in the course of normal app development, nor trying to debug by looking at core dumps :D I am currently experimenting with languages and interpreters, so if there is anything I would like to publish, I suppose I'd port a working concept to C, although C++ might just as well do the trick. Again, thanks to everyone for your answers and your insight.

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  • Load HTML frames in a specific order without back button problems?

    - by Joergen Bech
    I have a web page that uses a frameset. Due to scripting and object dependencies, I need to load the frames in a specific order. I have used this example as a template: The JavaScript Source: Navigation: Frames Load Order This loads an empty page in place of the page I need to load last, then replaces it with the correct page after the first page has loaded. However: I also need to use the browser Back button. If you run the sample at the above link, let both frames load, then click the Back button, the top frame reverts to the temporary blank page. It is then necessary to click the Back button again to navigate to the page before the frameset. Is there a way to force frames to load in a specific order without this Back button behavior - or a way to force the Back button to skip the empty page? This needs to work with Internet Explorer 6 and 7 and preferably with Firefox 3 as well.

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  • How to query an .NET assembly's required framework (not CLR) version?

    - by Bonfire Burns
    Hi, we are using some kind of plug-in architecture in one of our products (based on .NET). We have to consider our customers or even 3rd party devs writing plug-ins for the product. The plug-ins will be .NET assemblies that are loaded by our product at run-time. We have no control about the quality or capabilities of the external plug-ins (apart from checking whether they implement the correct interfaces). So we need to implement some kind of safety check while loading the plug-ins to make sure that our product (and the hosting environment) can actually host the plug-in or deliver a meaningful error message ("The plug-in your are loading needs .NET version 42.42 - the hosting system is only on version 33.33."). Ideally the plug-ins would do this check internally, but our experience regarding their competence is so-so and in any case our product will get the blame, so we want to make sure that this "just works". Requiring the plug-in developers to provide the info in the metadata or to explicitly provide the information in the interface is considered "too complicated". I know about the Assembly.ImageRuntimeVersion property. But to my knowledge this tells me only the needed CLR version, not the framework version. And I don't want to check all of the assembly's dependencies and match them against a table of "framework version vs. available assemblies". Do you have any ideas how to solve this in a simple and maintainable fashion? Thanks & regards, Bon

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  • Call load using a div id that has been passed into a function, div id is a parameter

    - by tittatty
    I am dynamically creating divs within a jquery accordion that are loaded with data as when the user clicks on the accordion title. I have this all working except that when I pass the div id into the load details method, the call to .load() does not work. What can I do to fix this? It seems like a simple javascript string eval would work but I can not find what I am looking for. Code: Here is the basic function: function loadDetails(div_id) { var load_string = "ajax/get_details.aspx"; $(div_id).load(load_string); } This function is called correctly on the click event and the div_id is passed in correctly but the load function is not working. If I use code like this it work correctly: $('#test').load(load_string);

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  • Occasional "Could not load file or assembly" in asmx WebService on IIS and DFS

    - by user8804
    We have a handfull of ASMX web service hosted on two identical Windows Server 2003 boxes. The virtual directory for the web services is loaded in a DFS share, both servers point to the same share. We have a load balancer between the internet and the two web servers. At a seemingly random interval (right now about twice per week) when a user tries to access a method on the web service, IIS returns the error: "Could not load file or assembly" for one of the assemblies used in the method call, and will continue reporting it each time the method is called until the app pool is recycled. We haven't found any distinguishable pattern to the problem. This is what I know: the missing assembly varies (but it's always a home-brew assembly) the Web Service method that fails varies there is no noticeable pattern to the times or intervals where the problem appears there are no admin users accessing the servers when the problem appears the failing method will work correctly on one server and fail on the other, even though both point to the same bin folder the problem can always be corrected by recycling the app pool and making no other changes I have enabled the Assembly Binder Log, and know that the binder is looking in the correct location for the file. Our assemblies are compiled for .Net 3.5.

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  • Occasional "Could not load file or assembly" in asmx WebService on IIS and DFS

    - by jesse-mcdowell
    We have a handfull of ASMX web service hosted on two identical Windows Server 2003 boxes. The virtual directory for the web services is loaded in a DFS share, both servers point to the same share. We have a load balancer between the internet and the two web servers. At a seemingly random interval (right now about twice per week) when a user tries to access a method on the web service, IIS returns the error: "Could not load file or assembly" for one of the assemblies used in the method call, and will continue reporting it each time the method is called until the app pool is recycled. We haven't found any distinguishable pattern to the problem. This is what I know: the missing assembly varies (but it's always a home-brew assembly) the Web Service method that fails varies there is no noticeable pattern to the times or intervals where the problem appears there are no admin users accessing the servers when the problem appears the failing method will work correctly on one server and fail on the other, even though both point to the same bin folder the problem can always be corrected by recycling the app pool and making no other changes I have enabled the Assembly Binder Log, and know that the binder is looking in the correct location for the file. Our assemblies are compiled for .Net 3.5.

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  • How to Achieve OC4J RMI Load Balancing

    - by fip
    This is an old, Oracle SOA and OC4J 10G topic. In fact this is not even a SOA topic per se. Questions of RMI load balancing arise when you developed custom web applications accessing human tasks running off a remote SOA 10G cluster. Having returned from a customer who faced challenges with OC4J RMI load balancing, I felt there is still some confusions in the field how OC4J RMI load balancing work. Hence I decide to dust off an old tech note that I wrote a few years back and share it with the general public. Here is the tech note: Overview A typical use case in Oracle SOA is that you are building web based, custom human tasks UI that will interact with the task services housed in a remote BPEL 10G cluster. Or, in a more generic way, you are just building a web based application in Java that needs to interact with the EJBs in a remote OC4J cluster. In either case, you are talking to an OC4J cluster as RMI client. Then immediately you must ask yourself the following questions: 1. How do I make sure that the web application, as an RMI client, even distribute its load against all the nodes in the remote OC4J cluster? 2. How do I make sure that the web application, as an RMI client, is resilient to the node failures in the remote OC4J cluster, so that in the unlikely case when one of the remote OC4J nodes fail, my web application will continue to function? That is the topic of how to achieve load balancing with OC4J RMI client. Solutions You need to configure and code RMI load balancing in two places: 1. Provider URL can be specified with a comma separated list of URLs, so that the initial lookup will land to one of the available URLs. 2. Choose a proper value for the oracle.j2ee.rmi.loadBalance property, which, along side with the PROVIDER_URL property, is one of the JNDI properties passed to the JNDI lookup.(http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B31017_01/web.1013/b28958/rmi.htm#BABDGFBI) More details below: About the PROVIDER_URL The JNDI property java.name.provider.url's job is, when the client looks up for a new context at the very first time in the client session, to provide a list of RMI context The value of the JNDI property java.name.provider.url goes by the format of a single URL, or a comma separate list of URLs. A single URL. For example: opmn:ormi://host1:6003:oc4j_instance1/appName1 A comma separated list of multiple URLs. For examples:  opmn:ormi://host1:6003:oc4j_instanc1/appName, opmn:ormi://host2:6003:oc4j_instance1/appName, opmn:ormi://host3:6003:oc4j_instance1/appName When the client looks up for a new Context the very first time in the client session, it sends a query against the OPMN referenced by the provider URL. The OPMN host and port specifies the destination of such query, and the OC4J instance name and appName are actually the “where clause” of the query. When the PROVIDER URL reference a single OPMN server Let's consider the case when the provider url only reference a single OPMN server of the destination cluster. In this case, that single OPMN server receives the query and returns a list of the qualified Contexts from all OC4Js within the cluster, even though there is a single OPMN server in the provider URL. A context represent a particular starting point at a particular server for subsequent object lookup. For example, if the URL is opmn:ormi://host1:6003:oc4j_instance1/appName, then, OPMN will return the following contexts: appName on oc4j_instance1 on host1 appName on oc4j_instance1 on host2, appName on oc4j_instance1 on host3,  (provided that host1, host2, host3 are all in the same cluster) Please note that One OPMN will be sufficient to find the list of all contexts from the entire cluster that satisfy the JNDI lookup query. You can do an experiment by shutting down appName on host1, and observe that OPMN on host1 will still be able to return you appname on host2 and appName on host3. When the PROVIDER URL reference a comma separated list of multiple OPMN servers When the JNDI propery java.naming.provider.url references a comma separated list of multiple URLs, the lookup will return the exact same things as with the single OPMN server: a list of qualified Contexts from the cluster. The purpose of having multiple OPMN servers is to provide high availability in the initial context creation, such that if OPMN at host1 is unavailable, client will try the lookup via OPMN on host2, and so on. After the initial lookup returns and cache a list of contexts, the JNDI URL(s) are no longer used in the same client session. That explains why removing the 3rd URL from the list of JNDI URLs will not stop the client from getting the EJB on the 3rd server. About the oracle.j2ee.rmi.loadBalance Property After the client acquires the list of contexts, it will cache it at the client side as “list of available RMI contexts”.  This list includes all the servers in the destination cluster. This list will stay in the cache until the client session (JVM) ends. The RMI load balancing against the destination cluster is happening at the client side, as the client is switching between the members of the list. Whether and how often the client will fresh the Context from the list of Context is based on the value of the  oracle.j2ee.rmi.loadBalance. The documentation at http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B31017_01/web.1013/b28958/rmi.htm#BABDGFBI list all the available values for the oracle.j2ee.rmi.loadBalance. Value Description client If specified, the client interacts with the OC4J process that was initially chosen at the first lookup for the entire conversation. context Used for a Web client (servlet or JSP) that will access EJBs in a clustered OC4J environment. If specified, a new Context object for a randomly-selected OC4J instance will be returned each time InitialContext() is invoked. lookup Used for a standalone client that will access EJBs in a clustered OC4J environment. If specified, a new Context object for a randomly-selected OC4J instance will be created each time the client calls Context.lookup(). Please note the regardless of the setting of oracle.j2ee.rmi.loadBalance property, the “refresh” only occurs at the client. The client can only choose from the "list of available context" that was returned and cached from the very first lookup. That is, the client will merely get a new Context object from the “list of available RMI contexts” from the cache at the client side. The client will NOT go to the OPMN server again to get the list. That also implies that if you are adding a node to the server cluster AFTER the client’s initial lookup, the client would not know it because neither the server nor the client will initiate a refresh of the “list of available servers” to reflect the new node. About High Availability (i.e. Resilience Against Node Failure of Remote OC4J Cluster) What we have discussed above is about load balancing. Let's also discuss high availability. This is how the High Availability works in RMI: when the client use the context but get an exception such as socket is closed, it knows that the server referenced by that Context is problematic and will try to get another unused Context from the “list of available contexts”. Again, this list is the list that was returned and cached at the very first lookup in the entire client session.

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  • What is causing the unusual high load average and IOwait?

    - by James
    I noticed on Tuesday night of last week, the load average went up sharply and it seemed abnormal since the traffic is small. Usually, the numbers usually average around .40 or lower and my server stuff (mysql, php and apache) are optimized. I noticed that the IOWait is unusually high even though the processes is barely using any CPU. top - 01:44:39 up 1 day, 21:13, 1 user, load average: 1.41, 1.09, 0.86 Tasks: 60 total, 1 running, 59 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu0 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu1 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu2 : 0.0%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu3 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu4 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu5 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu6 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu7 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 91.5%id, 8.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1048576k total, 331944k used, 716632k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 15 0 2468 1376 1140 S 0 0.1 0:00.92 init 1656 root 15 0 13652 5212 664 S 0 0.5 0:00.00 apache2 9323 root 18 0 13652 5212 664 S 0 0.5 0:00.00 apache2 10079 root 18 0 3972 1248 972 S 0 0.1 0:00.00 su 10080 root 15 0 4612 1956 1448 S 0 0.2 0:00.01 bash 11298 root 15 0 13652 5212 664 S 0 0.5 0:00.00 apache2 11778 chikorit 15 0 2344 1092 884 S 0 0.1 0:00.05 top 15384 root 18 0 17544 13m 1568 S 0 1.3 0:02.28 miniserv.pl 15585 root 15 0 8280 2736 2168 S 0 0.3 0:00.02 sshd 15608 chikorit 15 0 8280 1436 860 S 0 0.1 0:00.02 sshd Here is the VMStat procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 1 0 0 768644 0 0 0 0 14 23 0 10 1 0 99 0 IOStat - Nothing unusal Total DISK READ: 67.13 K/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 19496 be/4 chikorit 11.85 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19501 be/4 mysql 3.95 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % mysqld 19568 be/4 chikorit 11.85 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19569 be/4 chikorit 11.85 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19570 be/4 chikorit 11.85 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19571 be/4 chikorit 7.90 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19573 be/4 chikorit 7.90 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init 11778 be/4 chikorit 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % top 19470 be/4 mysql 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % mysqld Load Average Chart - http://i.stack.imgur.com/kYsD0.png I want to be sure if this is not a MySQL problem before making sure. Also, this is a Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Server on OpenVZ. Edit: This will probably give a good picture on the IO Wait top - 22:12:22 up 17:41, 1 user, load average: 1.10, 1.09, 0.93 Tasks: 33 total, 1 running, 32 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.6%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.0%id, 10.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1048576k total, 260708k used, 787868k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 15 0 2468 1376 1140 S 0 0.1 0:00.88 init 5849 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 8063 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 9732 root 16 0 8280 2728 2168 S 0 0.3 0:00.02 sshd 9746 chikorit 18 0 8412 1444 864 S 0 0.1 0:01.10 sshd 9747 chikorit 18 0 4576 1960 1488 S 0 0.2 0:00.24 bash 13706 chikorit 15 0 2344 1088 884 R 0 0.1 0:00.03 top 15745 chikorit 15 0 12968 5108 1280 S 0 0.5 0:00.00 apache2 15751 chikorit 15 0 72184 25m 18m S 0 2.5 0:00.37 php5-fpm 15790 chikorit 18 0 12472 4640 1192 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 15797 chikorit 15 0 72888 23m 16m S 0 2.3 0:00.06 php5-fpm 16038 root 15 0 67772 2848 592 D 0 0.3 0:00.00 php5-fpm 16309 syslog 18 0 24084 1316 992 S 0 0.1 0:00.07 rsyslogd 16316 root 15 0 5472 908 500 S 0 0.1 0:00.00 sshd 16326 root 15 0 2304 908 712 S 0 0.1 0:00.02 cron 17464 root 15 0 10252 7560 856 D 0 0.7 0:01.88 psad 17466 root 18 0 1684 276 208 S 0 0.0 0:00.31 psadwatchd 17559 root 18 0 11444 2020 732 S 0 0.2 0:00.47 sendmail-mta 17688 root 15 0 10252 5388 1136 S 0 0.5 0:03.81 python 17752 teamspea 19 0 44648 7308 4676 S 0 0.7 1:09.70 ts3server_linux 18098 root 15 0 12336 6380 3032 S 0 0.6 0:00.47 apache2 18099 chikorit 18 0 10368 2536 464 S 0 0.2 0:00.00 apache2 18120 ntp 15 0 4336 1316 984 S 0 0.1 0:00.87 ntpd 18379 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 18387 mysql 15 0 62796 36m 5864 S 0 3.6 1:43.26 mysqld 19584 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.02 apache2 22498 root 16 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 24260 root 15 0 67772 3612 1356 S 0 0.3 0:00.22 php5-fpm 27712 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 27730 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 30343 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 30366 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2

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  • How do I get nginx to issue 301 requests to HTTPS location, when SSL handled by a load-balancer?

    - by growse
    I've noticed that there's functionality enabled in nginx by default, whereby a url request without a trailing slash for a directory which exists in the filesystem automatically has a slash added through a 301 redirect. E.g. if the directory css exists within my root, then requesting http://example.com/css will result in a 301 to http://example.com/css/. However, I have another site where the SSL is offloaded by a load-balancer. In this case, when I request https://example.com/css, nginx issues a 301 redirect to http://example.com/css/, despite the fact that the HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO header is set to https by the load balancer. Is this an nginx bug? Or a config setting I've missed somewhere?

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  • LAMP Server without single failure point + Global Server Load Balancing?

    - by José Nobile
    I want implement a LAMP Server (Linux Apache MySQL PHP) without a single failure point and with Global Server Load Balancing. I have a server in Cali, Colombia, and other server will be installed in Melbourne, Australia, user in America can use the Cali Server and in Europe, Asia, Africa or Oceania use the Melbourne Server. If any server fail (or load is excessively high), a server must answer all request. Data in MYSQL must be in sync, php files, any configuration in both server must be in sync. I read about of Google DNS Server 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 and ANY Cast, also about MySQL semisynchronous replication and MySQL Cluster, but what about other things, as crontabs, and the configurations in server? The solution can't depend of APNIC or BGP, only open source software running in Linux.

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  • High load on a nagios server -- How many service checks for a nagios server is too many?

    - by Josh
    I have a nagios server running Ubuntu with a 2.0 GHz Intel Processor, a RAID10 array, and 400 MB of RAM. It monitors a total of 42 services across 8 hosts, most of which are checked using the check_http plugin even 5 minutes, some every minute. Recently the load on the nagios server has been above 4, often as high as 6. The server also runs cacti, gathering statistics every minute for 6 hosts. I wonder, how many services should hardware like this be able to handle? Is the load so high because I am pushing the limits of the hardware, or should this hardware be able to handle 42 service checks plus cacti? If the hardware is inadequate, should I look to add more RAM, more cores, or faster cores? What hardware / service checks are others running?

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  • How can I force all requests to be SSL when using EC2 load balancer?

    - by chris
    I currently have a single EC2 instance which is forcing all requests to be secure by using mod_rewrite: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !443 RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [R,L] I am planning on moving to a load balanced setup, with multiple back-end instances. If I set up my EC2 load balancer with my certs, do I need to use SSL to communicate between the LB and my instances? If not, is it as simple as replacing the RewriteCond with RewriteCond %{HTTP:X-Forwarded_Proto} ^http$ Edit: I tried using the x-forwarded-proto, but it does not appear to work. Is there another way to detect if someone is connected to the LB via SSL?

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  • Visual Studio Load Testing using Windows Azure

    - by Tarun Arora
    In my opinion the biggest adoption barrier in performance testing on smaller projects is not the tooling but the high infrastructure and administration cost that comes with this phase of testing. Only if a reusable solution was possible and infrastructure management wasn’t as expensive, adoption would certainly spike. It certainly is possible if you bring Visual Studio and Windows Azure into the equation. It is possible to run your test rig in the cloud without getting tangled in SCVMM or Lab Management. All you need is an active Azure subscription, Windows Azure endpoint enabled developer workstation running visual studio ultimate on premise, windows azure endpoint enabled worker roles on azure compute instances set up to run as test controllers and test agents. My test rig is running SQL server 2012 and Visual Studio 2012 RC agents. The beauty is that the solution is reusable, you can open the azure project, change the subscription and certificate, click publish and *BOOM* in less than 15 minutes you could have your own test rig running in the cloud. In this blog post I intend to show you how you can use the power of Windows Azure to effectively abstract the administration cost of infrastructure management and lower the total cost of Load & Performance Testing. As a bonus, I will share a reusable solution that you can use to automate test rig creation for both VS 2010 agents as well as VS 2012 agents. Introduction The slide show below should help you under the high level details of what we are trying to achive... Leveraging Azure for Performance Testing View more PowerPoint from Avanade Scenario 1 – Running a Test Rig in Windows Azure To start off with the basics, in the first scenario I plan to discuss how to, - Automate deployment & configuration of Windows Azure Worker Roles for Test Controller and Test Agent - Automate deployment & configuration of SQL database on Test Controller on the Test Controller Worker Role - Scaling Test Agents on demand - Creating a Web Performance Test and a simple Load Test - Managing Test Controllers right from Visual Studio on Premise Developer Workstation - Viewing results of the Load Test - Cleaning up - Have the above work in the shape of a reusable solution for both VS2010 and VS2012 Test Rig Scenario 2 – The scaled out Test Rig and sharing data using SQL Azure A scaled out version of this implementation would involve running multiple test rigs running in the cloud, in this scenario I will show you how to sync the load test database from these distributed test rigs into one SQL Azure database using Azure sync. The selling point for this scenario is being able to collate the load test efforts from across the organization into one data store. - Deploy multiple test rigs using the reusable solution from scenario 1 - Set up and configure Windows Azure Sync - Test SQL Azure Load Test result database created as a result of Windows Azure Sync - Cleaning up - Have the above work in the shape of a reusable solution for both VS2010 and VS2012 Test Rig The Ingredients Though with an active MSDN ultimate subscription you would already have access to everything and more, you will essentially need the below to try out the scenarios, 1. Windows Azure Subscription 2. Windows Azure Storage – Blob Storage 3. Windows Azure Compute – Worker Role 4. SQL Azure Database 5. SQL Data Sync 6. Windows Azure Connect – End points 7. SQL 2012 Express or SQL 2008 R2 Express 8. Visual Studio All Agents 2012 or Visual Studio All Agents 2010 9. A developer workstation set up with Visual Studio 2012 – Ultimate or Visual Studio 2010 – Ultimate 10. Visual Studio Load Test Unlimited Virtual User Pack. Walkthrough To set up the test rig in the cloud, the test controller, test agent and SQL express installers need to be available when the worker role set up starts, the easiest and most efficient way is to pre upload the required software into Windows Azure Blob storage. SQL express, test controller and test agent expose various switches which we can take advantage of including the quiet install switch. Once all the 3 have been installed the test controller needs to be registered with the test agents and the SQL database needs to be associated to the test controller. By enabling Windows Azure connect on the machines in the cloud and the developer workstation on premise we successfully create a virtual network amongst the machines enabling 2 way communication. All of the above can be done programmatically, let’s see step by step how… Scenario 1 Video Walkthrough–Leveraging Windows Azure for performance Testing Scenario 2 Work in progress, watch this space for more… Solution If you are still reading and are interested in the solution, drop me an email with your windows live id. I’ll add you to my TFS preview project which has a re-usable solution for both VS 2010 and VS 2012 test rigs as well as guidance and demo performance tests.   Conclusion Other posts and resources available here. Possibilities…. Endless!

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  • Part 1 - Load Testing In The Cloud

    - by Tarun Arora
    Azure is fascinating, but even more fascinating is the marriage of Azure and TFS! Introduction Recently a client I worked for had 2 major business critical applications being delivered, with very little time budgeted for Performance testing, we immediately hit a bottleneck when the performance testing phase started, the in house infrastructure team could not support the hardware requirements in the short notice. It was suggested that the performance testing be performed on one of the QA environments which was a fraction of the production environment. This didn’t seem right, the team decided to turn to the cloud. The team took advantage of the elasticity offered by Azure, starting with a single test agent which was provisioned and ready for use with in 30 minutes the team scaled up to 17 test agents to perform a very comprehensive performance testing cycle. Issues were identified and resolved but the highlight was that the cost of running the ‘test rig’ proved to be less than if hosted on premise by the infrastructure team. Thank you for taking the time out to read this blog post, in the series of posts, I’ll try and cover the start to end of everything you need to know to use Azure to build your Test Rig in the cloud. But Why Azure? I have my own Data Centre… If the environment is provisioned in your own datacentre, - No matter what level of service agreement you may have with your infrastructure team there will be down time when the environment is patched - How fast can you scale up or down the environments (keeping the enterprise processes in mind) Administration, Cost, Flexibility and Scalability are the areas you would want to think around when taking the decision between your own Data Centre and Azure! How is Microsoft's Public Cloud Offering different from Amazon’s Public Cloud Offering? Microsoft's offering of the Cloud is a hybrid of Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) which distinguishes Microsoft's offering from other providers such as Amazon (Amazon only offers IaaS). PaaS – Platform as a Service IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service Fills the needs of those who want to build and run custom applications as services. Similar to traditional hosting, where a business will use the hosted environment as a logical extension of the on-premises datacentre. A service provider offers a pre-configured, virtualized application server environment to which applications can be deployed by the development staff. Since the service providers manage the hardware (patching, upgrades and so forth), as well as application server uptime, the involvement of IT pros is minimized. On-demand scalability combined with hardware and application server management relieves developers from infrastructure concerns and allows them to focus on building applications. The servers (physical and virtual) are rented on an as-needed basis, and the IT professionals who manage the infrastructure have full control of the software configuration. This kind of flexibility increases the complexity of the IT environment, as customer IT professionals need to maintain the servers as though they are on-premises. The maintenance activities may include patching and upgrades of the OS and the application server, load balancing, failover clustering of database servers, backup and restoration, and any other activities that mitigate the risks of hardware and software failures.   The biggest advantage with PaaS is that you do not have to worry about maintaining the environment, you can focus all your time in solving the business problems with your solution rather than worrying about maintaining the environment. If you decide to use a VM Role on Azure, you are asking for IaaS, more on this later. A nice blog post here on the difference between Saas, PaaS and IaaS. Now that we are convinced why we should be turning to the cloud and why in specific Azure, let’s discuss about the Test Rig. The Load Test Rig – Topology Now the moment of truth, Of course a big part of getting value from cloud computing is identifying the most adequate workloads to take to the cloud, so I’ve decided to try to make a Load Testing rig where the Agents are running on Windows Azure.   I’ll talk you through the above Topology, - User: User kick starts the load test run from the developer workstation on premise. This passes the request to the Test Controller. - Test Controller: The Test Controller is on premise connected to the same domain as the developer workstation. As soon as the Test Controller receives the request it makes use of the Windows Azure Connect service to orchestrate the test responsibilities to all the Test Agents. The Windows Azure Connect endpoint software must be active on all Azure instances and on the Controller machine as well. This allows IP connectivity between them and, given that the firewall is properly configured, allows the Controller to send work loads to the agents. In parallel, the Controller will collect the performance data from the agents, using the traditional WMI mechanisms. - Test Agents: The Test Agents are on the Windows Azure Public Cloud, as soon as the test controller issues instructions to the test agents, the test agents start executing the load tests. The HTTP requests are issued against the web server on premise, the results are captured by the test agents. And finally the results are passed over to the controller. - Servers: The Web Server and DB Server are hosted on premise in the datacentre, this is usually the case with business critical applications, you probably want to manage them your self. Recap and What’s next? So, in the introduction in the series of blog posts on Load Testing in the cloud I highlighted why creating a test rig in the cloud is a good idea, what advantages does Windows Azure offer and the Test Rig topology that I will be using. I would also like to mention that i stumbled upon this [Video] on Azure in a nutshell, great watch if you are new to Windows Azure. In the next post I intend to start setting up the Load Test Environment and discuss pricing with respect to test agent machine types that will be used in the test rig. Hope you enjoyed this post, If you have any recommendations on things that I should consider or any questions or feedback, feel free to add to this blog post. Remember to subscribe to http://feeds.feedburner.com/TarunArora.  See you in Part II.   Share this post : CodeProject

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  • Can I use AppDomain.AssemblyResolve Event to redirect a failed Assembly Load?

    - by esac
    By default, my application references a mixed mode DLL, so this DLL is both 32 and 64 bit. On a 32 bit system, my app is MSIL and loads the 32 bit DLL. On a 64 bit system, my app loads the 64 bit. However on a 64 bit system, in an older version of the assembly that I am referencing, they only created a 32 bit version. So I fail to load this. I was looking at doing it dynamically, and ideally I would want my MSIL app in 64 bit mode to load the 32 bit DLL. Is this possible? Also it would be nice to resolve it to a different version than what I have referenced as well. Any help appreciated.

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  • How Byte loading/storing is implemented By the CPU?

    - by AlexDan
    I know that in 32bit machine, cpu read from memory 32bits at a time. since the registers in this case is 32bit in size too, I can understand how this works. What I don't understand is how the cpu implement load instructions of 1 byte. does it load the whole word where the single byte is located to the register, then perform some kind of "byte shifting", or does the cpu can load a single byte, in this case when does the byte masking happen, is it until the byte got loaded in the register, or it happen when byte is send through the data bus ? P.S. The cpu Im using is MIPS, the instructions Im talking about are: lb or lbu

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  • Could not load type System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler

    If you upgrade older .NET sites from 1.x to 2.x or greater, you may encounter this error when you have configuration settings that look like this: <section name="CacheSettings" type="System.Configuration.NameValueFileSectionHandler, System"/> Once you try to run this on an upgraded appdomain, you may encounter this error: An error occurred creating the configuration section handler for CacheSettings: Could not load type 'System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler' from assembly 'System.Configuration, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'. Microsoft moved a bunch of the Configuration related classes into a separate assembly, System.Configuration, and created a new class, ConfigurationManager.  This presents its own challenges which Ive blogged about in the past if you are wondering where ConfigurationManager is located.  However, the above error is separate. The issue in this case is that the NameValueSectionHandler is still in the System assembly, but is in the System.Configuration namespace.  This causes confusion which can be alleviated by using the following section definition: <section name="CacheSettings" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" /> (you can remove the extra line breaks within the type=) With this in place, your web application should once more be able to load up the NameValueSectionHandler.  I do recommend using your own custom configuration section handlers instead of appSettings, and I would further suggest that you not use NamveValueSectionHandler if you can avoid it, but instead prefer a strongly typed configuration section handler. Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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