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  • How to bind the Command property of the ItemTemplate CheckBox to ViewModel object's property?

    - by 123Developer
    Let me ask this question with a pseudo code: Where "Contacts" the ViewModel object set as the DataContext for the window. "Contacts" has "PersonCollection" , public ICommand PersonSelectedCommand properties. "PersonCollection" is List "Person" has Name, Age properties Currently this is not working as CheckBox is trying to find and bind the ICommand "PersonSelectedCommand" property of object "person", which does not exists! How will bind the CheckBox to the ICommand "PersonSelectedCommand" property of object "Contact" Thanks and regards 123Deveopler

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  • How do i bind my ObservableCollection<T> object in my codebehind to my listbox... Silverlight WP7

    - by Nawaz Dhandala
    This is My codebehind public System.Collections.ObjectModel.ObservableCollection FriendList { get; set; } // I want to bind this to my listbox public Friends() //this is constructor { InitializeComponent(); this.DataContext = this; //I think this is what I'm doing is right....:) } How do I bind my FriendList to the ListBox - FriendList has a property of user.UserName which I want to display it in the TextBlock "friendUsername" Please help!!! Thanks for your answers!!!

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  • Should one bind data with Eval on aspx or override ItemDataBound in code-behind?

    - by George Chang
    For data bound controls (Repeater, ListView, GridView, etc.), what's the preferred way of binding data? I've seen it where people use Eval() directly on the aspx/ascx inside the data bound control to pull the data field, but to me, it just seems so...inelegant. It seems particularly inelegant when the data needs to be manipulated so you wind up with shim methods like <%# FormatMyData(DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "DataField")) %> inside your control. Personally, I prefer to put in Literal controls (or other appropriate controls) and attach to the OnItemDataBound event for the control and populate all the data to their appropriate fields in the code-behind. Are there any advantages of doing one over the other? I prefer the latter, because to me it makes sense to compartmentalize the data binding logic and the presentation layer. But maybe that's just me.

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  • I am so confused about desktop/viewport switching, all I want to do is bind keyboard shortcuts to switch desktops

    - by Alex
    I've installed a pre-made Ubuntu 10.04 image at work, and I can't seem to figure out how to get desktop switching to work. No shortcuts work, and all the help I can get from the Ubuntu forums is "CTRL-Alt-Left/Right should work." So lemme get this straight. Switching between desktops is deprecated, so we use viewports, which are managed by Compiz, which has one of the most absurd configuration managers out there. Lovely. Can anyone straighten this out for me, and anyone else who might stumble on this question?

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  • Asp.Net MVC 2: How exactly does a view model bind back to the model upon post back?

    - by Dr. Zim
    Sorry for the length, but a picture is worth 1000 words: In ASP.NET MVC 2, the input form field "name" attribute must contain exactly the syntax below that you would use to reference the object in C# in order to bind it back to the object upon post back. That said, if you have an object like the following where it contains multiple Orders having multiple OrderLines, the names would look and work well like this (case sensitive): This works: Order[0].id Order[0].orderDate Order[0].Customer.name Order[0].Customer.Address Order[0].OrderLine[0].itemID // first order line Order[0].OrderLine[0].description Order[0].OrderLine[0].qty Order[0].OrderLine[0].price Order[0].OrderLine[1].itemID // second order line, same names Order[0].OrderLine[1].description Order[0].OrderLine[1].qty Order[0].OrderLine[1].price However we want to add order lines and remove order lines at the client browser. Apparently, the indexes must start at zero and contain every consecutive index number to N. The black belt ninja Phil Haack's blog entry here explains how to remove the [0] index, have duplicate names, and let MVC auto-enumerate duplicate names with the [0] notation. However, I have failed to get this to bind back using a nested object: This fails: Order.id // Duplicate names should enumerate at 0 .. N Order.orderDate Order.Customer.name Order.Customer.Address Order.OrderLine.itemID // And likewise for nested properties? Order.OrderLine.description Order.OrderLine.qty Order.OrderLine.price Order.OrderLine.itemID Order.OrderLine.description Order.OrderLine.qty Order.OrderLine.price I haven't found any advice out there yet that describes how this works for binding back nested ViewModels on post. Any links to existing code examples or strict examples on the exact names necessary to do nested binding with ILists? Steve Sanderson has code that does this sort of thing here, but we cannot seem to get this to bind back to nested objects. Anything not having the [0]..[n] AND being consecutive in numbering simply drops off of the return object. Any ideas?

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  • Grails - Removing an item from a hasMany association List on data bind?

    - by ecrane
    Grails offers the ability to automatically create and bind domain objects to a hasMany List, as described in the grails user guide. So, for example, if my domain object "Author" has a List of many "Book" objects, I could create and bind these using the following markup (from the user guide): <g:textField name="books[0].title" value="the Stand" /> <g:textField name="books[1].title" value="the Shining" /> <g:textField name="books[2].title" value="Red Madder" /> In this case, if any of the books specified don't already exist, Grails will create them and set their titles appropriately. If there are already books in the specified indices, their titles will be updated and they will be saved. My question is: is there some easy way to tell Grails to remove one of those books from the 'books' association on data bind? The most obvious way to do this would be to omit the form element that corresponds to the domain instance you want to delete; unfortunately, this does not work, as per the user guide: Then Grails will automatically create a new instance for you at the defined position. If you "skipped" a few elements in the middle ... Then Grails will automatically create instances in between. I realize that a specific solution could be engineered as part of a command object, or as part of a particular controller- however, the need for this functionality appears repeatedly throughout my application, across multiple domain objects and for associations of many different types of objects. A general solution, therefore, would be ideal. Does anyone know if there is something like this included in Grails?

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  • How to bind up arrow in ~/.inputrc (readline) for vim insert mode?

    - by Pawel Goscicki
    When in Readline apps with vim mode enabled in ~/.inputrc (set editing-mode vi) is there a way to bind the up arrow key? To previous history, for example. It seems I have to press ESC key first, only then it works. Here's my attempt at making it work (~/.inputrc): $if mode=vi # INSERT MODE set keymap vi-insert "\e[A": history-search-backward # up-arrow "\e[B": history-search-forward # down-arrow Also note, that when I press Ctrl+v and then <Up>, it prints ^[[A.

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  • how can i overriding the inbound message validation with cxf?

    - by user1648330
    when i input a non-numeric content to a Integer types of field, i have got a fault mesasge 'Not a number: 0.012A'. How to do ability to in prior to the Unmarshal for schema validation and output custom error messages? I used cxf 2.6.1 and also configuration with <entry key="schema-validation-enabled" value="true" ></entry> in cxf-spring.xml. java.lang.RuntimeException: Not a number: 0.012A at com.jiemai.jmservice.handlers.ValidationEventHandler.handleEvent(ValidationEventHandler.java:19) at org.apache.cxf.jaxb.io.DataReaderImpl$WSUIDValidationHandler.handleEvent(DataReaderImpl.java:78) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallingContext.handleEvent(UnmarshallingContext.java:655) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallingContext.handleError(UnmarshallingContext.java:691) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallingContext.handleError(UnmarshallingContext.java:687) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.Loader.handleParseConversionException(Loader.java:271) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.LeafPropertyLoader.text(LeafPropertyLoader.java:69) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallingContext.text(UnmarshallingContext.java:514) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.InterningXmlVisitor.text(InterningXmlVisitor.java:93) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.StAXStreamConnector.processText(StAXStreamConnector.java:338) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.StAXStreamConnector.handleEndElement(StAXStreamConnector.java:216) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.StAXStreamConnector.bridge(StAXStreamConnector.java:185) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallerImpl.unmarshal0(UnmarshallerImpl.java:370) at com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallerImpl.unmarshal(UnmarshallerImpl.java:349) at org.apache.cxf.jaxb.JAXBEncoderDecoder.doUnmarshal(JAXBEncoderDecoder.java:784) at org.apache.cxf.jaxb.JAXBEncoderDecoder.access$100(JAXBEncoderDecoder.java:97) at org.apache.cxf.jaxb.JAXBEncoderDecoder$1.run(JAXBEncoderDecoder.java:812) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.apache.cxf.jaxb.JAXBEncoderDecoder.unmarshall(JAXBEncoderDecoder.java:810) at org.apache.cxf.jaxb.JAXBEncoderDecoder.unmarshall(JAXBEncoderDecoder.java:644) at org.apache.cxf.jaxb.io.DataReaderImpl.read(DataReaderImpl.java:157) at org.apache.cxf.interceptor.DocLiteralInInterceptor.handleMessage(DocLiteralInInterceptor.java:108) at org.apache.cxf.phase.PhaseInterceptorChain.doIntercept(PhaseInterceptorChain.java:262) at org.apache.cxf.transport.ChainInitiationObserver.onMessage(ChainInitiationObserver.java:122) at org.apache.cxf.transport.http.AbstractHTTPDestination.invoke(AbstractHTTPDestination.java:211) at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.ServletController.invokeDestination(ServletController.java:213) at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.ServletController.invoke(ServletController.java:193) at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFNonSpringServlet.invoke(CXFNonSpringServlet.java:129) at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.AbstractHTTPServlet.handleRequest(AbstractHTTPServlet.java:187) at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.AbstractHTTPServlet.doPost(AbstractHTTPServlet.java:110) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:710) at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.AbstractHTTPServlet.service(AbstractHTTPServlet.java:166) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:175) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:263) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:844) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:584) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

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  • How to properly close a UDT server in Netty 4

    - by Steffen
    I'm trying to close my UDT server (Netty 4.0.5.Final) with shutDownGracefully() and reopen it on the same port. Unfortunately, I always get the socket exception below although it waits until the future has completed. I also added the socket option SO_REUSEADDR. What is the proper way to do this? Exception in thread "main" com.barchart.udt.ExceptionUDT: UDT Error : 5011 : another socket is already listening on the same UDP port : listen0:listen [id: 0x323d3939] at com.barchart.udt.SocketUDT.listen0(Native Method) at com.barchart.udt.SocketUDT.listen(SocketUDT.java:1136) at com.barchart.udt.net.NetServerSocketUDT.bind(NetServerSocketUDT.java:66) at io.netty.channel.udt.nio.NioUdtAcceptorChannel.doBind(NioUdtAcceptorChannel.java:71) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel$AbstractUnsafe.bind(AbstractChannel.java:471) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadHandler.bind(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1006) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerContext.invokeBind(DefaultChannelHandlerContext.java:504) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerContext.bind(DefaultChannelHandlerContext.java:487) at io.netty.channel.ChannelDuplexHandler.bind(ChannelDuplexHandler.java:38) at io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler.bind(LoggingHandler.java:254) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerContext.invokeBind(DefaultChannelHandlerContext.java:504) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelHandlerContext.bind(DefaultChannelHandlerContext.java:487) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.bind(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:848) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.bind(AbstractChannel.java:193) at io.netty.bootstrap.AbstractBootstrap$2.run(AbstractBootstrap.java:321) at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor.runAllTasks(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:354) at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:366) at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$2.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:101) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) A small test program demonstration the problem: public class MsgEchoServer { public static class MsgEchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { } public void run() throws Exception { final ThreadFactory acceptFactory = new UtilThreadFactory("accept"); final ThreadFactory connectFactory = new UtilThreadFactory("connect"); final NioEventLoopGroup acceptGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1, acceptFactory, NioUdtProvider.MESSAGE_PROVIDER); final NioEventLoopGroup connectGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1, connectFactory, NioUdtProvider.MESSAGE_PROVIDER); try { final ServerBootstrap boot = new ServerBootstrap(); boot.group(acceptGroup, connectGroup) .channelFactory(NioUdtProvider.MESSAGE_ACCEPTOR) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 10) .option(ChannelOption.SO_REUSEADDR, true) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<UdtChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(final UdtChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new MsgEchoServerHandler()); } }); final ChannelFuture future = boot.bind(1234).sync(); } finally { acceptGroup.shutdownGracefully().syncUninterruptibly(); connectGroup.shutdownGracefully().syncUninterruptibly(); } new MsgEchoServer().run(); } public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception { new MsgEchoServer().run(); } }

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  • how to bind datasouce to the labels and pass parameter in XtraReport ?

    - by ahmed
    There's something that I don't get it yet in Xtrareport. I have to bind the datasource at runtime and also I have to assign the datasource to the labels programatically. Binding data at runtime is fine ,(and here's my question)I did not get from any examples to how should I bind the datasource to the labels and how to pass the parameter(UserId) from runtime and how to call the report from a webform. For example, I have a table called "User" with 3 fields: UserId, Username and Password. In the report designer I place 3 labels. Then I have a webform where the user is entering the userID and pulling some data and I have a print button on that webform when the user clicks the print button the data should be displayed on the report of UserId..

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  • How to programmatically bind to a Core Data model?

    - by Dave Gallagher
    Hello. I have a Core Data model, and was wondering if you know how to create a binding to an Entity, programmatically? Normally you use bind:toObject:withKeyPath:options: to create a binding. But I'm having a little difficulty getting this to work with Core Data, and couldn't find anything in Apple's docs regarding doing this programmatically. The Core Data model is simple: An Entity called Book An Attribute of Book called author (NSString) I have an object called BookController. It looks like so: @interface BookController : NSObject { NSString *anAuthor; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *anAuthor; // @synthesize anAuthor; inside @implementation I'd like to bind anAuthor inside BookController, to author inside a Book entity. This is how I'm attempting to wrongly do it (it partially works): // A custom class I made, providing an interface to the Core Data database CoreData *db = [[CoreData alloc] init]; // Creating a Book entity, saving it [db addMocObject:@"Book"]; [db saveMoc]; // Fetching the Book entity we just created NSArray *books = [db fetchObjectsForEntity:@"Book" withPredicate:nil withSortDescriptors:nil]; NSManagedObject *book = [books objectAtIndex:0]; // Creating the binding BookController *bookController = [[BookController alloc] init]; [bookController bind:@"anAuthor" toObject:book withKeyPath:@"author" options:nil]; // Manipulating the binding [bookController setAnAuthor:@"Bill Gates"]; Now, when updating from the perspective of bookController, things don't work quite right: // Testing the binding from the bookController's perspective [bookController setAnAuthor:@"Bill Gates"]; // Prints: "bookController's anAuthor: Bill Gates" NSLog(@"bookController's anAuthor: %@", [bookController anAuthor]); // OK! // ERROR HERE - Prints: "bookController's anAuthor: (null)" NSLog(@"Book's author: %@", [book valueForKey:@"author"]); // DOES NOT WORK! :( When updating from the perspective of the Book entity, things work fine: // ------------------------------ // Testing the binding from the Book's (Entity) perspective (this works perfect) [book setValue:@"Steve Jobs" forKey:@"author"]; // Prints: "bookController's anAuthor: Steve Jobs" NSLog(@"bookController's anAuthor: %@", [bookController anAuthor]); // OK! // Prints: "bookController's anAuthor: Steve Jobs" NSLog(@"Book's author: %@", [book valueForKey:@"author"]); // OK! It appears that the binding is partially working. I can update it on the side of the Model and it propagates up to the Controller via KVO, but if I update it on the side of the Controller, it doesn't trickle down to the Model via KVC. Any idea on what I'm doing wrong? Thanks so much for looking! :)

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  • WPF DataGrid Entity Framework: Is it possible to bind a datagrid column to a method/function?

    - by seddler
    Hi. I'm wondering if it's possible to bind a gridcolumn (field) to a method or function of an entity? For example I have two entities Person and Company that both inherit the abstract entity Addressee. In my grid I'm listing all Addressees (both persons and companies). I have a column, Name, in the datagrid that I whish to bind to a function GetName(). This function is part of the entity Addressee and based on what type of addressee it is it returns CompanyName (if company) or FirstName+' '+LastName (if person). I also have tried to add a partial class Addressee with a property Name that does the same thing as the function descried over, but this failes when I'm saving to database because the column Name does not exist in database. Can anybody please help me? :-)

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  • Problem showing selected value of combobox when it is bind to a List<T> using Linq to Entities

    - by Syed Mustehsan Ikram
    I have a combobox which is has itemtemplate applied on it and is bind to a List of entity return using linq. i m using mvvm. It is bind to it successfully but when i set the selected value of it from code at runtime to show the selected value coming from db it doesn't select it. For reference here is my combobox xaml. SelectedValue="{Binding Path=SelectedManufacturer}" Grid.Column="3" Grid.Row="2" Margin="20,9.25,68,7.75" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource ManufacturerDataTemplate}" TabIndex="6"/ Here is my part from code behind from viewModel. List currentManufacturers = new List(); tblManufacturer selectedManufacturer = null; public List CurrentManufacturers { get { return currentManufacturers; } set { currentManufacturers = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("CurrentManufacturers"); } } public tblManufacturer SelectedManufacturer { get { return selectedManufacturer; } set { selectedManufacturer = currentManufacturers.Where(mm => mm.ManufacturerID == Convert.ToInt32(selectedDevice.tblManufacturer.EntityKey.EntityKeyValues[0].Value)).First(); NotifyPropertyChanged("SelectedManufacturer"); } }

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  • How do I bind the Overlay Tool for new Ajax elements in Jquery?

    - by Hooman Ahmadi
    Hi, I'm using: echo $javascript->link('tools.overlay-1.0.4', false); which is initialized with: $(".overlay_popup").overlay({ expose: '#000000', close: '.close_overlay', finish: { top: 'center', left: 'center', absolute: false } }); I call the overlay popup box like this: echo $html->link( "add part", array('controller'=>'garage_parts', 'action'=>'addfrompartlist', $gcar['GarageCar']['id'], $gcar['GarageCar']['car_id']), array('class'=>'js-ajax overlay_popup', 'id'=>'add_part_overlay', 'rel'=>'.overlay_container') ); This all works fine and dandy, however I have an ajax function that dynamically adds the "add part" hyperlink button shown above and I have no idea how to bind this new button to the overlay. Normally, I would use something like this: $(".overlay_popup").bind("click", function(){... but this didn't work for the overlay. Any ideas on how I can successfully do this?

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  • How to bind value to its parent element value?

    - by KentZhou
    Silverlight provides element to element binding. How to apply it this is case: I have a xaml as below: <TextBlock Text="{Binding ABC}" > <ToolTipService.ToolTip> <local:MyControl Title="{Binding ...}" /> </ToolTipService.ToolTip> </TextBlock> I want to bind MyControl Title to the same data as its parent Textblock Text, but I don't want set x:Name for its parent Textblock. I know there is one solution to bind Title to same data source: <local:MyControl Title="{Binding ABC}" /> This may cause two times to call "{Binding ABC}", with my case, there ValurConverter for this binding. I don't want to use this way.

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  • How do I bind Different Interfaces using Google Guice?

    - by kunjaan
    Do I need to create a new module with the Interface bound to a different implementation? Chef newChef = Guice.createInjector(Stage.DEVELOPMENT, new Module() { @Override public void configure(Binder binder) { binder.bind(FortuneService.class).to(FortuneServiceImpl.class); } }).getInstance(Chef.class); Chef newChef2 = Guice.createInjector(Stage.DEVELOPMENT, new Module() { @Override public void configure(Binder binder) { binder.bind(FortuneService.class).to(FortuneServiceImpl2.class); } }).getInstance(Chef.class); I cannot touch the Chef Class nor the Interfaces. I am just a client binding to Chef's FortuneService to different Interfaces at runtime.

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  • Why can't a bind linux service to the loop-back only?

    - by Jon Trauntvein
    I am writing a server application that will provide a service on an ephemeral port that I only want accessible on the loopback interface. In order to do this, I am writing code like the following: struct sockaddr_in bind_addr; memset(&bind_addr,0,sizeof(bind_addr)); bind_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; bind_addr.sin_port = 0; bind_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(inet_addr("127.0.0.1")); rcd = ::bind( socket_handle, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&bind_addr), sizeof(bind_addr)); The return value for this call to bind() is -1 and the value of errno is 99 (Cannot assign requested address). Is this failing because inet_addr() already returns its result in network order or is there some other reason?

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  • How can I make WinXP bind to ports other than 1025-5000 for outgoing TCP connections?

    - by Chris Dolan
    (I originally posted a similar question on StackOverflow but readers recommended I post here instead) When you create outgoing TCP connections, most applications let the operating system choose which port to use. Most OSes use the IANA recommended dynamic port range of 49152-65535 for this purpose. But in Windows 2003 and earlier (including XP) Microsoft uses ports 1025-5000. Microsoft lets you change the high end of this range via the MaxUserPort TcpIP registry setting, but I see no way to change the low end. I need to have port 4160 free for incoming connections and on rare occasions an outgoing connection steals that port from me before I bind that port.

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  • Metro: Using Templates

    - by Stephen.Walther
    The goal of this blog post is to describe how templates work in the WinJS library. In particular, you learn how to use a template to display both a single item and an array of items. You also learn how to load a template from an external file. Why use Templates? Imagine that you want to display a list of products in a page. The following code is bad: var products = [ { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }, { name: "VW Rabbit", price: 200 }, { name: "BMW", price: 60000 } ]; var productsHTML = ""; for (var i = 0; i < products.length; i++) { productsHTML += "<h1>Product Details</h1>" + "<div>Product Name: " + products[i].name + "</div>" + "<div>Product Price: " + products[i].price + "</div>"; } document.getElementById("productContainer").innerHTML = productsHTML; In the code above, an array of products is displayed by creating a for..next loop which loops through each element in the array. A string which represents a list of products is built through concatenation. The code above is a designer’s nightmare. You cannot modify the appearance of the list of products without modifying the JavaScript code. A much better approach is to use a template like this: <div id="productTemplate"> <h1>Product Details</h1> <div> Product Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div> Product Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> A template is simply a fragment of HTML that contains placeholders. Instead of displaying a list of products by concatenating together a string, you can render a template for each product. Creating a Simple Template Let’s start by using a template to render a single product. The following HTML page contains a template and a placeholder for rendering the template: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <h1>Product Details</h1> <div> Product Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div> Product Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> <!-- Place where Product Template is Rendered --> <div id="productContainer"></div> </body> </html> In the page above, the template is defined in a DIV element with the id productTemplate. The contents of the productTemplate are not displayed when the page is opened in the browser. The contents of a template are automatically hidden when you convert the productTemplate into a template in your JavaScript code. Notice that the template uses data-win-bind attributes to display the product name and price properties. You can use both data-win-bind and data-win-bindsource attributes within a template. To learn more about these attributes, see my earlier blog post on WinJS data binding: http://stephenwalther.com/blog/archive/2012/02/26/windows-web-applications-declarative-data-binding.aspx The page above also includes a DIV element named productContainer. The rendered template is added to this element. Here’s the code for the default.js script which creates and renders the template: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var product = { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }; var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(document.getElementById("productTemplate")); productTemplate.render(product, document.getElementById("productContainer")); } }; app.start(); })(); In the code above, a single product object is created with the following line of code: var product = { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }; Next, the productTemplate element from the page is converted into an actual WinJS template with the following line of code: var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(document.getElementById("productTemplate")); The template is rendered to the templateContainer element with the following line of code: productTemplate.render(product, document.getElementById("productContainer")); The result of this work is that the product details are displayed: Notice that you do not need to call WinJS.Binding.processAll(). The Template render() method takes care of the binding for you. Displaying an Array in a Template If you want to display an array of products using a template then you simply need to create a for..next loop and iterate through the array calling the Template render() method for each element. (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var products = [ { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }, { name: "VW Rabbit", price: 200 }, { name: "BMW", price: 60000 } ]; var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(document.getElementById("productTemplate")); var productContainer = document.getElementById("productContainer"); var i, product; for (i = 0; i < products.length; i++) { product = products[i]; productTemplate.render(product, productContainer); } } }; app.start(); })(); After each product in the array is rendered with the template, the result is appended to the productContainer element. No changes need to be made to the HTML page discussed in the previous section to display an array of products instead of a single product. The same product template can be used in both scenarios. Rendering an HTML TABLE with a Template When using the WinJS library, you create a template by creating an HTML element in your page. One drawback to this approach of creating templates is that your templates are part of your HTML page. In order for your HTML page to validate, the HTML within your templates must also validate. This means, for example, that you cannot enclose a single HTML table row within a template. The following HTML is invalid because you cannot place a TR element directly within the body of an HTML document:   <!-- Product Template --> <tr> <td data-win-bind="innerText:name"></td> <td data-win-bind="innerText:price"></td> </tr> This template won’t validate because, in a valid HTML5 document, a TR element must appear within a THEAD or TBODY element. Instead, you must create the entire TABLE element in the template. The following HTML page illustrates how you can create a template which contains a TR element: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td data-win-bind="innerText:name"></td> <td data-win-bind="innerText:price"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <!-- Place where Product Template is Rendered --> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Name</th><th>Price</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody id="productContainer"> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>   In the HTML page above, the product template includes TABLE and TBODY elements: <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td data-win-bind="innerText:name"></td> <td data-win-bind="innerText:price"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> We discard these elements when we render the template. The only reason that we include the TABLE and THEAD elements in the template is to make the HTML page validate as valid HTML5 markup. Notice that the productContainer (the target of the template) in the page above is a TBODY element. We want to add the rows rendered by the template to the TBODY element in the page. The productTemplate is rendered in the default.js file: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var products = [ { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }, { name: "VW Rabbit", price: 200 }, { name: "BMW", price: 60000 } ]; var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(document.getElementById("productTemplate")); var productContainer = document.getElementById("productContainer"); var i, product, row; for (i = 0; i < products.length; i++) { product = products[i]; productTemplate.render(product).then(function (result) { row = WinJS.Utilities.query("tr", result).get(0); productContainer.appendChild(row); }); } } }; app.start(); })(); When the product template is rendered, the TR element is extracted from the rendered template by using the WinJS.Utilities.query() method. Next, only the TR element is added to the productContainer: productTemplate.render(product).then(function (result) { row = WinJS.Utilities.query("tr", result).get(0); productContainer.appendChild(row); }); I discuss the WinJS.Utilities.query() method in depth in a previous blog entry: http://stephenwalther.com/blog/archive/2012/02/23/windows-web-applications-query-selectors.aspx When everything gets rendered, the products are displayed in an HTML table: You can see the actual HTML rendered by looking at the Visual Studio DOM Explorer window:   Loading an External Template Instead of embedding a template in an HTML page, you can place your template in an external HTML file. It makes sense to create a template in an external file when you need to use the same template in multiple pages. For example, you might need to use the same product template in multiple pages in your application. The following HTML page does not contain a template. It only contains a container that will act as a target for the rendered template: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <!-- Place where Product Template is Rendered --> <div id="productContainer"></div> </body> </html> The template is contained in a separate file located at the path /templates/productTemplate.html:   Here’s the contents of the productTemplate.html file: <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <h1>Product Details</h1> <div> Product Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div> Product Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> Notice that the template file only contains the template and not the standard opening and closing HTML elements. It is an HTML fragment. If you prefer, you can include all of the standard opening and closing HTML elements in your external template – these elements get stripped away automatically: <html> <head><title>product template</title></head> <body> <!-- Product Template --> <div id="productTemplate"> <h1>Product Details</h1> <div> Product Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div> Product Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> </body> </html> Either approach – using a fragment or using a full HTML document  — works fine. Finally, the following default.js file loads the external template, renders the template for each product, and appends the result to the product container: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var products = [ { name: "Tesla", price: 80000 }, { name: "VW Rabbit", price: 200 }, { name: "BMW", price: 60000 } ]; var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(null, { href: "/templates/productTemplate.html" }); var productContainer = document.getElementById("productContainer"); var i, product, row; for (i = 0; i < products.length; i++) { product = products[i]; productTemplate.render(product, productContainer); } } }; app.start(); })(); The path to the external template is passed to the constructor for the Template class as one of the options: var productTemplate = new WinJS.Binding.Template(null, {href:"/templates/productTemplate.html"}); When a template is contained in a page then you use the first parameter of the WinJS.Binding.Template constructor to represent the template – instead of null, you pass the element which contains the template. When a template is located in an external file, you pass the href for the file as part of the second parameter for the WinJS.Binding.Template constructor. Summary The goal of this blog entry was to describe how you can use WinJS templates to render either a single item or an array of items to a page. We also explored two advanced topics. You learned how to render an HTML table by extracting the TR element from a template. You also learned how to place a template in an external file.

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