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• iMac invalid memory access and then crash?

  - by Sam McAfee

  My iMac G5 from a few years ago (the square white one) dies now, with a message about an invalid memory access. It goes straight to an Open Firmware prompt and doesn't even load the Mac OS at all. Am I correct in guessing that the memory is probably the issue, and that if I replace it, we may be able to boot again as normal? That's my gut feeling anyway, so I ordered some more memory and plan to swap it today. Any thoughts? Ideas?

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• 32bit Application Memory Usage on 64bit Windows 7

  - by Brian

  I have an early 2012 Macbook Pro with and Intel I7 processor and 16 gigs RAM running Windows 7 Professional 64bit via Bootcamp. I work in Geographical Information Systems as a programmer so most of the applications I am running are 32bit Applications, but tend to use a lot of resources (i.e. ArcGIS, SQL Server Express, Visual Studio, etc.). I have been noticing that when I have multiple instances of either the same 32bit application or different 32bit applications and they are all working on hefty processing tasks, I am still only topping out at about 30% memory use. I understand 32bit applications are limited to less than 4gb RAM, but I assumed that one instance could use its own 4gb while another instance could use another 4gb to take full advantage of all the memory I have installed. Can anyone explain how this works and how I can get my applications to take advantage of all my memory via running multiple instances?

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• Memory is free, but still swapping?

  - by japancheese

  Hello, I'm sure this is a pretty basic question, but I'm just trying to get a grasp of what's going on with my Ubuntu (Hardy Herron) server (running a Rails-based site). It seems that I have free memory available, yet the system is reporting that it is still swapping memory (unless I'm reading this incorrectly?). Here is the "free -m" output total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1024 905 118 0 33 409 -/+ buffers/cache: 462 561 Swap: 2047 95 1952 Could anyone explain to me some possible reasons that it is maintaining 95mb of swap at all times (it is never less)? I'm just looking for some leads on things I could check out that would explain to me exactly how memory is utilized in Linux.

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• Memory compatibility?

  - by nvillec

  I'm in the process of building a PC intended mostly for gaming and I've got a few questions. Currently, I only have the motherboard and CPU: Motherboard: GIGABYTE GA-Z68AP-D3 CPU: Intel Core i3-2120 My main question is about memory compatibility. I have 4 Hynix 2GB HMT125U7BFR8C-G7 with light-moderate use laying around and I'd love to save a few bucks if I can. I've read that this is server memory... a) Will that be a problem for PC use? b) Is it compatible with the motherboard? I've emailed Hynix and checked Crucial to no avail. If incompatible, what memory would be a good fit given the components I have? The motherboard has 4 sockets and supports up to 32GB, but I don't know that I have the budget for that at the moment. Thanks!!

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• How to debug high memory usage by registry?

  - by bkr

  I have a windows 2008 r2 server running ADFS2 and some web apps that is having issues with low memory. Digging around I found that the 5.5 GB were being used under Kernel Memory (paged). Further digging with Poolmon, I discovered that the majority of that (5GB+) was being used by CM - configuration manager. Also known as the registry. I'm really now sure how to tell why the registry is using so much memory however, or how to release it? Looking at the physical registry files they don't appear that large. EDIT #1 Using the powershell script @ http://jdhitsolutions.com/blog/2011/05/get-registry-size-and-age/ confirms what I saw looking at the physical registry files, that they're relatively small Computername : (removed) Status : OK CurrentSize : 67 MaximumSize : 2048 FreeSize : 1981 PercentFree : 96.728515625 Created : 4/1/2011 11:38:02 AM Age : 454.23:41:28.2540682

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• Force Firefox 14 to free memory when opening/closing lots of popups

  - by aknghiem

  I'm currently trying to run some tests on a web application using Selenium IDE with Firefox 14. The tests mainly consist in loading a page containing thousands of links and clicking on every of those links. Of course, each time a popup shows, I tell Selenium to close it and proceed with the remaining links. However, it seems that even if I close the popups, Firefox is not freeing memory. Usually, I end up with Firefox crashing after opening 1500 popups (around 2.5Gb of memory usage). Is there any way to force the browser to free memory? Maybe something I should set in about:config? Or is there a flaw with Selenium? Thanks.

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• IIS not using available memory?

  - by Herb Caudill

  Recently launched an ASP.NET site running on a single 32-bit WS2003 box (SQL on a separate server). The server has 4GB intalled, 3GB available. According to task manager, the w3wp.exe process is only using between 200-600MB. The site has tens of thousands of pages and makes heavy use of page output caching, so I would expect it to use a lot more of the available memory. The app pool isn't set to throttle memory usage. Is there anything else that might be limiting the amount of memory that IIS takes?

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• Non-ECC memory with ZFS: a stupid idea?

  - by iconoclast

  I'm the proud new owner of an HP Proliant Microserver N40L, and planning to upgrade the (obviously paltry 2 GB of) memory to the maximum of 16 GB. (Theoretically 8 GB is the limit, but empirically 16 GB has been shown to work.) Some guides advise that ECC memory is not that important, but I'm not so sure I believe this. I've installed FreeNAS and am planning to add ZFS volumes as soon as my new hard drives arrive. Would it be stupid to skimp and get non-ECC memory for a ZFS-based NAS? If it's necessary, then I'll bite the bullet, but if it's just paranoia, then I'll probably skip it.

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• /dev/shm (shared memory) on linux

  - by Kirzilla

  Hello, Let's imagine that we have 8Gb of RAM on server. I'm mounting /dev/shm with 4Gb on board. mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm Will this memory be strictly reserved for shared memory or if /dev/shm is empty this memory could be used by regular applications (web server, php etc.)? PS:Sorry for my English. I'm asking it because I've just checked df -h and found tmpfs 6.0G 0 6.0G 0% /dev/shm on 8Gb RAM sever. I don't know who made this setup, but it seems to me awful. Thank you!

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• Dying SanDisk Memory Stick Pro Duo

  - by Different55

  I have a Memory Stick Pro Duo and after attempting to delete the largest file from a Mac the stick has become unusable. I can almost access it. When I put it in my PC I can open/delete/copy/paste/rename/modify one file/folder, then it can't detect the card. If I reinsert the card I can move on to the next file, but this is really annoying and my PSP won't read it at all. The memory card access light will flash for a really long time before it says that every file is corrupted. When I have tried to format it with either the PC, PSP, or a camera that uses a memory stick pro duo, it fails. I've tried with all the different options on windows, I tried formatting it through CMD, but nothing I have tried works. Should I copy every file off one by one or is there a way to fix it?

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• Good Choice of Memory for Asus K52F-BBR5

  - by Christopher Painter

  I recently purchased an Asus K52F-BBR5 notebook. It's a basic laptop with an Intel P6100 CPU and Mobile Intel® HM55 Express Chipset. It came with 3GB of DDR3 SODIMM memory and I'd like to expand it to 8GB. I'm a little confused by DDR3 nomenclature and not up to date on my knowledge of chipsets. I'd like to make a good choice when selecting memory for it. Crucial's database suggests using either a PC3-8500 with CAS 7 or a PC3-10600 with a CAS of 9. Is the 8500 better because of it's CAS 7 or will my chipset run the memory async at a higher speed and get better performance? Which would be a better choice for my chipset and CPU? Price difference is negligble.

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• Limiting memory usage and mimimizing swap thrashing on Unix / Linux

  - by camelccc

  I have a few machines that I machine that I use for running large numbers of jobs where I try to limit the number of jobs so as not to exceed the available RAM of the machine. Occasionally I mis-estimate how much memory some of the jobs will take, and the machine starts thrashing the swap file. I resolve this by sending the kill -s STOP to one of the jobs so that it can get swapped out. Does anyone know of a utility that will monitor a server for processes by a specific name, and then pause the one with the smallest memory footprint is the total memory consumption reaches a desired threshold so that the larger ones can run and complete with a minimum of swap file thrashing? Paused processes then need to be resumed once some existing processes have completed.

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• What are some strategies for maintaining a common database schema with a team of developers and no D

  - by Mahmoud Abdelkader

  I'm curious about how others have approached the problem of maintaining and synchronizing database changes across many (10+) developers without a DBA? What I mean, basically, is that if someone wants to make a change to the database, what are some strategies to doing that? (i.e. I've created a 'Car' model and now I want to apply the appropriate DDL to the database, etc..) We're primarily a Python shop and our ORM is SQLAlchemy. Previously, we had written our models in such a way to create the models using our ORM, but we recently ditched this because: We couldn't track changes using the ORM The state of the ORM wasn't in sync with the database (e.g. lots of differences primarily related to indexes and unique constraints) There was no way to audit database changes unless the developer documented the database change via email to the team. Our solution to this problem was to basically have a "gatekeeper" individual who checks every change into the database and applies all accepted database changes to an accepted_db_changes.sql file, whereby the developers who need to make any database changes put their requests into a proposed_db_changes.sql file. We check this file in, and, when it's updated, we all apply the change to our personal database on our development machine. We don't create indexes or constraints on the models, they are applied explicitly on the database. I would like to know what are some strategies to maintain database schemas and if ours is seems reasonable. Thanks!

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• Design: How to declare a specialized memory handler class

  - by Michael Dorgan

  On an embedded type system, I have created a Small Object Allocator that piggy backs on top of a standard memory allocation system. This allocator is a Boost::simple_segregated_storage< class and it does exactly what I need - O(1) alloc/dealloc time on small objects at the cost of a touch of internal fragmentation. My question is how best to declare it. Right now, it's scope static declared in our mem code module, which is probably fine, but it feels a bit exposed there and is also now linked to that module forever. Normally, I declare it as a monostate or a singleton, but this uses the dynamic memory allocator (where this is located.) Furthermore, our dynamic memory allocator is being initialized and used before static object initialization occurs on our system (as again, the memory manager is pretty much the most fundamental component of an engine.) To get around this catch 22, I added an extra 'if the small memory allocator exists' to see if the small object allocator exists yet. That if that now must be run on every small object allocation. In the scheme of things, this is nearly negligable, but it still bothers me. So the question is, is there a better way to declare this portion of the memory manager that helps decouple it from the memory module and perhaps not costing that extra isinitialized() if statement? If this method uses dynamic memory, please explain how to get around lack of initialization of the small object portion of the manager.

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• Flushing writes in buffer of Memory Controller to DDR device

  - by Rohit

  At some point in my code, I need to push the writes in my code all the way to the DIMM or DDR device. My requirement is to ensure the write reaches the row,ban,column of the DDR device on the DIMM. I need to read what I've written to the main memory. I do not want caching to get me the value. Instead after writing I want to fetch this value from main memory(DIMM's). So far I've been using Intel's x86 instruction wbinvd(write back and invalidate cache). However this means the caches and TLB are flushed. Write-back requests go to the main memory. However, there is a reasonable amount of time this data might reside in the write buffer of the Memory Controller( Intel calls it integrated memory controller or IMC). The Memory Controller might take some more time depending on the algorithm that runs in the Memory Controller to handle writes. Is there a way I force all existing or pending writes in the write buffer of the memory controller to the DRAM devices ?? What I am looking for is something more direct and more low-level than wbinvd. If you could point me to right documents or specs that describe this I would be grateful. Generally, the IMC has a several registers which can be written or read from. From looking at the specs for that for the chipset I could not find anything useful. Thanks for taking the time to read this.

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• .NET memory leak?

  - by SA

  I have an MDI which has a child form. The child form has a DataGridView in it. I load huge amount of data in the datagrid view. When I close the child form the disposing method is called in which I dispose the datagridview this.dataGrid.Dispose(); this.dataGrid = null; When I close the form the memory doesn't go down. I use the .NET memory profiler to track the memory usage. I see that the memory usage goes high when I initially load the data grid (as expected) and then becomes constant when the loading is complete. When I close the form it still remains constant. However when I take a snapshot of the memory using the memory profiler, it goes down to what it was before loading the file. Taking memory snapshot causes it to forcefully run garbage collector. What is going on? Is there a memory leak? Or do I need to run the garbage collector forcefully? More information: When I am closing the form I no longer need the information. That is why I am not holding a reference to the data.

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• Memory interleaving

  - by Tim Green

  Hello, I have this question that has me rather confused. Suppose that a 1G x 32-bit main memory is built using 256M x 4-bit RAM chips and that this memory is byte-addressable. I have deduced that one would require 4*1G = 2^2*2*30 = 2^32 - so 32 bits to address the full memory. My problem now comes with, say, if you had memory (byte) address "14", determine which memory module this would go into. (There would have to be 8 chips per module to make the 32-bit wide memory, and 4 modules overall giving 32 chips in total. Modules are numbered from 0). In high-order interleave, it appears trivial that it's the first (0) memory module given a lot of the first few bits are 0. However, low-order interleave has me stumped. I can't figure out (for sure) how many bits are used to determine a memory module (possibly 2, given there are 4 in total?). The given solution is Module 3. This is not homework in the same sense so I will not be tagging it as such.

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• SQL SERVER – Importing CSV File Into Database – SQL in Sixty Seconds #018 – Video

  - by pinaldave

  Importing data into database is one of the most important tasks. I often receive questions regarding what is the quickest way to insert CSV data or how to import CSV Data into SQL Server Table. Honestly the process is very simple and the script is even simpler. In today’s SQL in Sixty Seconds Video we will learn how quickly we can insert CSV data into SQL Server. The steps to import CSV are very simple. Create Table Use Bulk Insert to import the data Verify the data Done! Absolutely it is that simple. More on Importing CSV Data: SQL SERVER – Import CSV File Into SQL Server Using Bulk Insert – Load Comma Delimited File Into SQL Server SQL SERVER – Import CSV File into Database Table Using SSIS SQL SERVER – Create a Comma Delimited List Using SELECT Clause From Table Column SQL SERVER – Comma Separated Values (CSV) from Table Column SQL SERVER – Comma Separated Values (CSV) from Table Column – Part 2 I encourage you to submit your ideas for SQL in Sixty Seconds. We will try to accommodate as many as we can. If we like your idea we promise to share with you educational material. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology, Video

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• Fun with Database Mail

  - by DavidWimbush

  I just had some fun with a new server I set up. I configured Database Mail but it wouldn't send mail. In the Database Log was an error message I've never had before: The mail could not be sent to the recipients because of the mail server failure. (Sending Mail using Account 1 (2010-02-15T16:58:54). Exception Message: Could not connect to mail server. (A non-recoverable error occurred during a database lookup). ) I looked around and found this forum thread: http://www.sqlteam.com/forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=139909. I looked into the anti-virus software and firewall but neither of those helped. Then I noticed the last post where they original poster said "oops, I put an @ in the name of the SMTP server". How I laughed. What a ***! At least my problem isn't because I did something that careless. But then that little voice in my head said "Better check, just to be on the safe side". SMTP Server Name: smtp@domain. Who's the *** now? So, rbarlow, thanks very much for making the same silly mistake first so I could find the answer. (And I'm sorry for thinking you were a ***!)

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• SQL SERVER – Attach or Detach Database – SQL in Sixty Seconds #068

  - by Pinal Dave

  When we have to move a database from one server to another server or when we have to move a database from one file to another file, we commonly use Database Attach or Detach process. I have been doing this for quite a while as well. Recently, when I was visiting an organization I found that in this organization lots of developers are still using an older version of the code to attach the database. I quickly pointed that out to them the new method to attach the database, however it was really interesting to find out that they really did not know that sp_attach_db is now a deprecated method to attach the database. This really made me to do today’s SQL in Sixty Seconds. I demonstrate in this SQL in Sixty Seconds how to attach or detach the database using a new method of attaching database. The code which I have used in this code is over here: -- Detach Database USE [master] GO EXEC MASTER.dbo.sp_detach_db @dbname = N'AdventureWorks2014_new' GO -- Deprecated Way to Attach Database USE [master] GO EXEC MASTER.dbo.sp_attach_db 'AdventureWorks2014_new', 'E:\AdventureWorks2012_Data_new.mdf', 'E:\AdventureWorks2012_log_new.ldf' GO -- Correct Way to Attach Database USE [master] GO CREATE DATABASE [AdventureWorks2014_new] ON ( FILENAME = 'E:\AdventureWorks2012_Data_new.mdf'), ( FILENAME = 'E:\AdventureWorks2012_log_new.ldf') FOR ATTACH GO Here is the question back to you – Do you still use old methods to attach database? If yes, I suggest that you start using the new method onwards. SQL in Sixty Seconds Video I have attempted to explain the same subject in simple words over in following video. Action Item Here are the blog posts I have previously written on the subject of SA password. You can read it over here: SQL SERVER – 2005 – T-SQL Script to Attach and Detach Database SQL SERVER – Move Database Files MDF and LDF to Another Location SQL SERVER – 2005 Take Off Line or Detach Database SQL SERVER – Attach mdf file without ldf file in Database SQL SERVER – Copy Database from Instance to Another Instance – Copy Paste in SQL Server You can subscribe to my YouTube Channel for frequent updates. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority Book Review, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Video

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• SQL SERVER – Database in RESTORING State for Long Time

  - by Pinal Dave

  A very interesting question I received the other day. “Our database has been in restoring stage for a long time. We have already restored all the necessary files there. After restoring the files we are expecting that  the database will be in operational mode, however, it is continuously in the restoring mode. Any suggestion?” The question is very common. I sent user follow up emails to understand what is actually going on with the user. I realized after restoring their bak files and log files their database was in the restoring state because they had not restored the latest log file with RECOVERY options. As they had completed all the database restore sequence (bak and log in order), the real need for them was to recover the database from norecovery state. User can restore log files till the database is no recovery mode. If the database is recovered it will be in operation and it can continue database operation. If the database has another operations we cannot restore further log as the chain of the log file after the database is recovered is meaningless. This is the reason why the database has to be norecovery state when it is restored. There are three different ways to recover the database. 1) Recover the database manually with following command. RESTORE DATABASE database_name WITH RECOVERY 2) Recover the database with the last log file. RESTORE LOG database_name FROM backup_device WITH RECOVERY 3) Recover the database when bak is restored RESTORE DATABASE database_name FROM backup_device WITH RECOVERY To understand how the backup restores timeline works read Backup Timeline and Understanding of Database Restore Process in Full Recovery Model. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Backup and Restore, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• An XML file or Database?

  - by webnoob

  I am re-writing a section of my site and am trying to decide how much of a rewrite this will be. At the moment I have a web service feed that generates an xml once per day. I then use this xml file on my website to generate the general structure. I am trying to decide if this information should be located in the database or stay in the xml file. The file can range from 4mb - 12mb. The files depth can go on and on so I have to recurse to find the data I want. I use the .NET serializer classes and store the serialized file in a global variable to avoid re-serializing it each time the page is loaded. My reasons for thinking a database would be better are: I would know exactly where I am in the file by using an internal ID so I wouldn't have to recurse the file to get information. I wouldn't have to load / serialize the XML and could just use my already open database connections. Searching for the data in the file would be quicker(?) as I would just perform an SQL query rather than re-cursing the file. Has anyone got any ideas which is better and which option uses more resources on the server or be quicker? EDIT: The file is read every time the web page is loaded (although only serialized once). It isn't written to by standard users (only by an admin task that runs in the middle of the night). This is my initial investigation before mocking up.

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• Designing a large database with multiple sources

  - by CatchingMonkey

  I have been tasked with redesigning, or at worst optimising the structure of a database for a data warehouse. Currently, the database has 4 other source databases (which is due to expand to X number of others), all of which have their own data structures, naming conventions etc. At the moment an overnight SSIS package pulls the data from the various source and then for each source coverts the data into a standardised, usable format. These tables are then appended to each other creating a 60m row, 40 column beast!. This table is then used in a variety of ways from an OLAP cube to a web front end. The structure has been in place for a very long time, and the work I have been able to prove the advantages of normalisation, and this is the way I would like to go. The problem for me is that the overnight process takes so long I don't then want to spend additional time normalising the last table into something usable. Can anyone offer any insight or ideas into the best way to restructure or optimise the database efficiently? Edit: All the databases are MS SQL Server 2008 R2 Thanks in advance CM

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• How should I evaluate the Database Solution for Large Data Application

  - by GµårÐïåñ

  Background I have been tasked to write an application that will be a combination of document and inventory management in VB.net which will be used to store document images in TIFF, PDF, XPS, TXT, DOC, PPT and so on as binary data that can be retrieved for viewing, printing, and possible OCR to be searchable as well along with meta data such as sender, recipient, type of document, date, source, etc. So the table would probably be something like: DOC_NAME, DOC_DATE, NOTES, ... DOC_BINARY (where the actual document will be put inside) Help Please I need help with understanding how to evaluate my database options. What my concern is finding a database solution that will not become unstable due to size restrictions, records limitations and performance. Some of the options are MS_SQL, SQL Express, SQLite, mySQL, and Access. Now I can pretty much eliminate Access right off the bat as it is just too limiting and not scalable. I can further eliminate SQL Express because of the 2 GB limit and again scalability. So I believe that leaves me with MS_SQL, SQLite and mySQL (note, I am open to alternatives). And this is where I need help in understanding how to evaluate those databases. The goal is that the data is all in one place (a single file) that will make backup and portability easier. For small volume usage, pretty much any solution will hold for a while, but my goal is to think ahead and make sure its able to withstand heavy large volume usage as well. Another consideration is also the interoperability with .NET and stability of such code to avoid errors and memory leaks. How should I evaluate my database options for this scenario?

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• Pros and cons of making database IDs consistent and "readable"

  - by gmale

  Question Is it a good rule of thumb for database IDs to be "meaningless?" Conversely, are there significant benefits from having IDs structured in a way where they can be recognized at a glance? What are the pros and cons? Background I just had a debate with my coworkers about the consistency of the IDs in our database. We have a data-driven application that leverages spring so that we rarely ever have to change code. That means, if there's a problem, a data change is usually the solution. My argument was that by making IDs consistent and readable, we save ourselves significant time and headaches, long term. Once the IDs are set, they don't have to change often and if done right, future changes won't be difficult. My coworkers position was that IDs should never matter. Encoding information into the ID violates DB design policies and keeping them orderly requires extra work that, "we don't have time for." I can't find anything online to support either position. So I'm turning to all the gurus here at SA! Example Imagine this simplified list of database records representing food in a grocery store, the first set represents data that has meaning encoded in the IDs, while the second does not: ID's with meaning: Type 1 Fruit 2 Veggie Product 101 Apple 102 Banana 103 Orange 201 Lettuce 202 Onion 203 Carrot Location 41 Aisle four top shelf 42 Aisle four bottom shelf 51 Aisle five top shelf 52 Aisle five bottom shelf ProductLocation 10141 Apple on aisle four top shelf 10241 Banana on aisle four top shelf //just by reading the ids, it's easy to recongnize that these are both Fruit on Aisle 4 ID's without meaning: Type 1 Fruit 2 Veggie Product 1 Apple 2 Banana 3 Orange 4 Lettuce 5 Onion 6 Carrot Location 1 Aisle four top shelf 2 Aisle four bottom shelf 3 Aisle five top shelf 4 Aisle five bottom shelf ProductLocation 1 Apple on aisle four top shelf 2 Banana on aisle four top shelf //given the IDs, it's harder to see that these are both fruit on aisle 4 Summary What are the pros and cons of keeping IDs readable and consistent? Which approach do you generally prefer and why? Is there an accepted industry best-practice?

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