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  • Database structure - To join or not to join

    - by Industrial
    Hi! We're drawing up the database structure with the help of mySQL Workbench for a new app and the number of joins required to make a listing of the data is increasing drastically as the many-to-many relationships increases. The application will be quite read-heavy and have a couple of hundred thousand rows per table. The questions: Is it really that bad to merge tables where needed and thereby reducing joins? Should we start looking at horizontal partitioning? (in conjunction with merging tables) Is there a better way then pivot tables to take care of many-to-many relationships? We discussed about instead storing all data in serialized text columns and having the application make the sorting instead of the database, but this seems like a very bad idea, even though that the database will be heavily cached. What do you think? Thanks!

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  • Database Design for multiple users site

    - by jl
    Hi, I am required to work on a php project that requires the database to cater to multiple users. Generally, the idea is similar to what they have for carbonmade or basecamp, or even wordpress mu. They cater to multiple users, whom are also owners of their accounts. And if they were to cancel/terminate their account, anything on the pages/database would be removed. I am not quite sure how should I design the database? Should it be: separate tables for individual user account separate databases for individual user account or otherwise? Kindly advise me for the best approach to this issue. Thank you very much.

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  • relational database: how to design this table

    - by donpal
    I'm a database newbie designing a database. I'll use SO to ask my question because it's easier to ask it on something that you can see already, but it's not the same, it will just help me understand the right approach. As you can see, there are many questions here and each can have many answers. How should I store the answers in a table? Should I store all the answers in the SAME table with a unique id (make it the key) and just a new field for the question id? What if there are 100,000 answers like there is here? Do I still store them in 1 table? What keys should I use to minimize search time when I want to search for the answers of a specific question? The database is both read and write if that makes any difference in this case.

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  • 16 bit processor , memory addressing and memory cells

    - by Zia ur Rahman
    Suppose the accumulater register of the processor is of 16 bit , now we can call this processor as 16 bit processor, that is this processor supports 16 bit addressing. now my question is how we can calculate the number of memory cells that can be addressed by 16 bit addressing? according to my calculation 2 to the power 16 becomes 65055 it means the memory have 65055 cells now if we take 1KB=1000 Bytes then this becomes 65055/1000=65.055 now this means that 65 kilo bytes memory can be used with the processor having 16 bit addressing. now if we take 1KB=1024 Bytes then this becomes 65055/1024=63.5 ,it means that 63 kilo bytes memory can be used with this processor, but people say that 64 kilo bytes memory can be used. Now tell me am i right or wrong and why i am wrong why people say that 64kb memory can be used with the processor having 16 bit addressing?

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  • Database security / scaling question

    - by orokusaki
    Typically I use a database such as MySQL or PostGreSQL on the same machine as the application using it, which makes access easy and secure. I'm just now building the first site that will have a separate physical database server (later this year it will). I'm wondering 3 things: (security) What things should I look into for starters pertaining to security of accessing a separate machine's database? (scalability) Are their scalability issues that I should think about pertaining to this (technology agnostic)? (more ServerFaultish but related) If starting the DB out on the same physical server (using a separate VMWare VM) and later moving to a different physical server, are there implicit problems that I'll have to deal with? Isn't another VM still accessed via localhost? If these questions are completely ludicrous, I apologize to you DB experts.

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  • Database with users design

    - by 1110
    I am in database design development phase. Application will work with large number of users (LARGE :)) I designed 80% of database but I have one Users table which is connected to everything else: Users {UserId, FirstName, LastName, Username, Password, PasswordQuestion, PasswordAnswer, Gender, RoleId, LastLoginDate etc etc} I saw asp.net membership database structure where Users and Membership are two tables. My questions are: Should I use one users table with all users data in it or more tables? If answer is 'more tables', what tables to use? Any advice on how to structure relation between those tables? This is sample relation that I have, and trying to improve. I don't understand why user and userChild are separated tables?

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  • T-Mobile G1 (MSM7200) GPU Memory

    - by Reflog
    Hello. I'm trying to find some information regarding the available GPU (for OpenGL) memory on the T-Mobile G1. This phone has a MSM7200 Qualcomm chip inside with ATI Imageon GPU. Unfortunately I am not able to dig any info regarding the specifics of GPU memory usage. How much memory is available in total for the textures? Is the memory shared with the CPU memory? Thanks in advance, Eli

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  • MYSQL Event to update another database table

    - by Lee
    Hey All, I have just taken over a project for a client and the database schema is in a total mess. I would like to rename a load of fields make it a relationship database. But doing this will be a painstaking process as they have an API running of it also. So the idea would be to create a new database and start re-writing the code to use this instead. But I need a way to keep these tables in sync during this process. Would you agree that I should use MYSQL EVENT's to keep updating the new table on Inserts / updates & deletes?? Or can you suggest a better way?? Hope you can advise !! thanks for any input I get

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  • SQL SERVER – Maximize Database Performance with DB Optimizer – SQL in Sixty Seconds #054

    - by Pinal Dave
    Performance tuning is an interesting concept and everybody evaluates it differently. Every developer and DBA have different opinion about how one can do performance tuning. I personally believe performance tuning is a three step process Understanding the Query Identifying the Bottleneck Implementing the Fix While, we are working with large database application and it suddenly starts to slow down. We are all under stress about how we can get back the database back to normal speed. Most of the time we do not have enough time to do deep analysis of what is going wrong as well what will fix the problem. Our primary goal at that time is to just fix the database problem as fast as we can. However, here is one very important thing which we need to keep in our mind is that when we do quick fix, it should not create any further issue with other parts of the system. When time is essence and we want to do deep analysis of our system to give us the best solution we often tend to make mistakes. Sometimes we make mistakes as we do not have proper time to analysis the entire system. Here is what I do when I face such a situation – I take the help of DB Optimizer. It is a fantastic tool and does superlative performance tuning of the system. Everytime when I talk about performance tuning tool, the initial reaction of the people is that they do not want to try this as they believe it requires lots of the learning of the tool before they use it. It is absolutely not true with the case of the DB optimizer. It is a very easy to use and self intuitive tool. Once can get going with the product, in no time. Here is a quick video I have build where I demonstrate how we can identify what index is missing for query and how we can quickly create the index. Entire three steps of the query tuning are completed in less than 60 seconds. If you are into performance tuning and query optimization you should download DB Optimizer and give it a go. Let us see the same concept in following SQL in Sixty Seconds Video: You can Download DB Optimizer and reproduce the same Sixty Seconds experience. Related Tips in SQL in Sixty Seconds: Performance Tuning – Part 1 of 2 – Getting Started and Configuration Performance Tuning – Part 2 of 2 – Analysis, Detection, Tuning and Optimizing What would you like to see in the next SQL in Sixty Seconds video? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Interview Questions and Answers, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology, Video Tagged: Identity

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  • Technology Selection for a dynamic product

    - by Kuntal Shah
    We are building a product for Procurement Domain in JAVA. Following are the main technical requirements. Platform Independent Database Independent Browser Independent In functional requirements the product is very dynamic in nature. The main reason being the procurement process around the world is different from client to client. Briefly we need to have a dynamic workflow engine and a dynamic template engine. The workflow engine by which we can define any kind of workflows and the template engine allows us to define any kind of data structures and based on definition it can get the user input through workflow. We have been developing this product for almost 2 years. It has been a long time till we can get down with the dynamics of requirements. Till now we have developed a basic workflow and template engine and which is in use at one of the client. We have been using following technologies. GWT-Ext (Front End Framework) Hibernate (Database Layer) In between we have faced some issues with GWT-Ext (mainly browser compatibility) and database optimization due to sub classing in hibernate. For resolving GWT-Ext issue, which a dying community so we decided to move to SmartGWT. In SmartGWT we faced issues related to loading and now we are able to finalize that GWT 2.3 will be the way to go as the library is rich and performance is upto the mark. We are able to almost finalize GWT-Spring based front and middle layer. In hibernate, we found main issues with sub-classing due to that it was throwing astronomical queries and sometimes it would stop firing any queries for 5-10 seconds or may be around 30 seconds and then resume again. Few days back I came to one article related to ORM. I am a traditional .Net SQL developer and I have always worked with relational database. Reading through this article, I also found it relating to the issues I face. I am still not completely convinced of using hibernate and this article just supported my opinion. Following are the questions for which I am looking for an answer. Should we be going with Hibernate in case of dynamic database requirements and the load of the data will be heavy in future? How can we partition the data, how we can efficiently join the data, how we can optimize the queries? If the answer is no then how do we achieve database independence? Is our choice related to GWT and Spring proper or do we need to change that too? Should we use any other key value pair database if the data is dynamic in nature and it is very difficult to make it relational?

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  • Database source control

    - by Bojan Skrchevski
    Should database files(scripts etc.) be on source control? If so, what is the best method to keep it and update it there? Is there even a need for database files to be on source control since we can put it on a development server where everyone can use it and make changes to it if needed. But, then we can't get it back if someone messes it up. What approach is best used for databases on source-control?

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  • SQL Saturday Birmingham #328 Database Design Precon In One Week

    - by drsql
    On September 22, I will be doing my "How to Design a Relational Database" pre-conference session in Birmingham, Alabama. You can see the abstract here if you are interested, and you can sign up there too, naturally. At just $100, which includes a free ebook copy of my database design book, it is a great bargain and I totally promise it will be a little over 7 hours of talking about and designing databases, which will certainly be better than what you do on a normal work day, even a Friday....(read more)

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  • How to use database adapters' cursors safely?

    - by lvictorino
    I started to use psycopg2 to connect my little python script to a PostgreSQL database few days ago. After some research I found that a lot of database connector, like psycopg, work using cursors. I know what is a cursor and how to use it. But I still wonder if it's safe to use the same cursor all along the script life. Is it safe? Or would it be preferable to use a different cursor for each query?

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  • 2nd JULY 2013: Oracle Database 12c Technical Training Webcast

    - by Cinzia Mascanzoni
    This session will focus on the specific needs of our Oracle partner community and developers. We'll provide insight into the many features and capabilities your customers will be looking to leverage in their own environments. Topics include: Consolidation and Cloud Strategies Deep dive into the key Database Options Migrating to Oracle Database 12c Click here for details on how to join the webcast.

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  • Memory leak in Google Chrome

    - by jasondavis
    As a developer it is very common for me to have 2-3 different IDE's open, 10-15 google chrome windows which can hold up to 200 open tabs (I know I get out of hand some times), Photoshop, couple twitter bots for promo, and a few other programs but my system still runs fast and smooth. I have an i7 processor with 12gb ram. Now with all my usual stuff running my Physical memory is usually running around 50-60% however over the course of the day or much less even, I will gradually grow to 98% The highest Memory usage processes will be from Google Chrome, if I sort in the task manager by highest memory usage and end the 1 highest process which will be a google chrome one, my memory usage will jump back down to about 60%. Also by ending that 1 process, all my Chrome windows will remain open and in use, so it doesn't affect me at all by ending that process. Based on this research I am assuming that that 1 runaway process is likely the Adobe Flash as I also can say that it gets up to the 98% much faster when I am using flash items like video or music player. But even without using any of them it will still climb up to that high number eventually. Has anyone else experienced similar results?

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  • Heavy Apache memory usage

    - by Ree
    Recently I've noticed that httpd processes started to consume massive amounts of memory - after some time pretty much using almost all of the 2GB of RAM the server has and I don't have any memory left for other stuff. Here's what top tells me: 26409 apache 15 0 276m 152m 28m S 0 7.4 0:59.12 httpd 26408 apache 15 0 278m 151m 28m S 0 7.4 1:03.80 httpd 26410 apache 15 0 277m 149m 26m S 0 7.3 0:57.22 httpd 26405 apache 15 0 276m 148m 25m S 0 7.3 0:59.20 httpd 26411 apache 16 0 276m 146m 23m S 0 7.2 1:09.18 httpd 17549 apache 15 0 276m 144m 23m S 0 7.0 0:36.34 httpd 22095 apache 15 0 276m 136m 14m S 0 6.6 0:30.56 httpd It seems to me that each httpd process does not free the memory after handling a request. So they all sit at ~270MB which is BAD. Is there a way for me to know where all the memory goes and why it stays that way? I haven't done any server tweaking lately, so I'm sure it's not me who messed something up (haven't had the problem before). The server is used to serve PHP apps. EDIT: Apache is configured with prefork module and MaxRequestsPerChild is set to 4000.

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  • How to "swap in" again memory from page file to physical memory in Windows at once (like linux swap-off)

    - by Arnout
    Is there a way to swap back in (to put back all the memory data that was put into the page file (or swap, whatever you prefer)) memory on a windows PC? On linux, one can easily do this with the swapoff /dev/sdaX, where X is the swap partition. On windows, it seems to ask me to reboot each time.. The reason I'd like to do this, is that, even though swapping out the data to the swap file allows me to play a resource-hungry game fully in physical ram, when I stop the game, all the rest of my programs run slow. This is or course normal; all the programs were pushed into the page file because my RAM was too small, and all memory access to those programs after gaming bumps into hard page faults, with major delays and some frustration as a consequence. However, that frustration could easily be avoided, by simply allowing the PC to copy all data back into the physical memory for a minute or so, and then resume working on a fast working PC! (rather than having to endure the slowness -while- working) Thanks in advance for any advice on this! Kind regards

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  • Is this memory compatible with this motherboard???

    - by ClarkeyBoy
    Hi, I have a Foxconn P35AP-S as seen here. I need to get some more RAM since I only have 1 2GB stick. The current one is 1066MHz. I would like to get the memory situated here: www.scan.co.uk/Products/6GB-(3x2GB)-Corsair-XMS3-Classic-DDR3-PC3-10666-(1333)-Non-ECC-Unbuffered-CAS-7-7-7-20-165V memory. It is 6GB of Corair 1333MHz memory. According to the motherboard website it is able to take 1333MHz, but it says oc** next to it (which means achieved when overclocked). So my question is: are they still compatible without overclocking, or does the motherboard require overclocking to be compatible? If it requires overclocking (which I have no idea how to do) can anyone recommend any other memory (in the region of 6GB) which the motherboard is compatible with? I'd rather it were from Scan, but to be honest it doesnt need to be. Many thanks in advance. Regards, Richard Edit: I just realised that the motherboard has a maximum capacity of 4GB of RAM. Scrap the RAM given above, I'd like to go for something like that but only 4GB. Edit: Scrap that last edit - its only if I go for DDR3 that I need to take this into account. DDR2 is a maximum of 8GB.

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  • SBS 2003 stops to respond often due to limited memory

    - by Sanoj
    I have a Windows SBS 2003 Std that regularly stops to respond (crashes), in about every 20th day. The only thing I can see in the logs (the one that are mailed to the administrator) is that used memory increases with about 30MB/day. The process that uses more and more memory is sqlservr. We don't have much installed on the server; a Point-Of-Sale-system that uses Pervasive SQL as database and an Accounting application. We just have 2GB of RAM and I could upgrade to 4GB but I think that this just delay the problem. When the server stops to respond, the screen saver cannot be deactivated, no DNS-look-ups is working so the client's can't access Internet. And applications on the server do not reply. And we have to press the power-button to restart the server. For the moment it has an uptime of 19 days and have 2 345MB in memory use (idle) and sqlservr is using 819 MB. So I guess it will crash soon. Is there any solution to this problem? Could I limit sqlservr to some memory?

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  • Restricting memory area for linux kernel

    - by user1066789
    I am running ltib linux on P1022RDK (P1022 Core) platform. I have 512 MB = 0x20000000 memory. I want my linux kernel to use second half of the board memory (i.e from 256 MB to 512 MB) and want first half of memory to be reserved for some other purpose. For this I am building linux kernel using ltib. For that purpose I am setting following kernel configuration. Please suggest if I am doing it the right way. CONFIG_LOWMEM_SIZE = 0x10000000 # 256 MB CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START = 0x10000000 # Starting from 256MB (second half of memory) On the Uboot I am loading the kernel as following way setenv loadaddr 0x11000000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x01000000 (offset) setenv fdtaddr 0x10c00000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x00c00000 (offset) bootm $loadaddr - $fdtaddr My kernel Load address is 0x10000000 & kernel entry point is 0x10000000 Doing above configuration / steps my kernel stuck at following on Uboot ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 11000000 ... Image Name: Linux-2.6.32.13 Image Type: PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed) Data Size: 3352851 Bytes = 3.2 MB Load Address: 10000000 Entry Point: 10000000 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 10c00000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x10c00000 Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK ================ >> It should uncompress FDT here & continue ============== Any thoughts ?

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  • Restricting memory area for linux kernel

    - by user1066789
    I am running ltib linux on P1022RDK (P1022 Core) platform. I have 512 MB = 0x20000000 memory. I want my linux kernel to use second half of the board memory (i.e from 256 MB to 512 MB) and want first half of memory to be reserved for some other purpose. For this I am building linux kernel using ltib. For that purpose I am setting following kernel configuration. Please suggest if I am doing it the right way. CONFIG_LOWMEM_SIZE = 0x10000000 # 256 MB CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START = 0x10000000 # Starting from 256MB (second half of memory) On the Uboot I am loading the kernel as following way setenv loadaddr 0x11000000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x01000000 (offset) setenv fdtaddr 0x10c00000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x00c00000 (offset) bootm $loadaddr - $fdtaddr My kernel Load address is 0x10000000 & kernel entry point is 0x10000000 Doing above configuration / steps my kernel stuck at following on Uboot ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 11000000 ... Image Name: Linux-2.6.32.13 Image Type: PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed) Data Size: 3352851 Bytes = 3.2 MB Load Address: 10000000 Entry Point: 10000000 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 10c00000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x10c00000 Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK ================ It should uncompress FDT here & continue ============== Any thoughts ?

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  • Kernel Memory Leak in Ubuntu 9.10?

    - by kayahr
    After some days of work (Using suspend-to-ram during the night) I notice I loose more and more available memory. Even when I close all applications the situation doesn't improve. I even went down to the command line and closed ALL running processes except the init process and the bash I'm working in. I unmounted all these ram disks which Ubuntu is using, I even unloaded all modules which could be unloaded. But still "free" tells me that 1 GB of RAM is used (without buffers/cache). In "top" there is no visible process which occupies all this memory. The only way to free the memory is restarting the machine. How can I find out where I lose all this memory? Is there a known "suspect" who can cause a problem like this? I'm using Ubuntu 9.10 64 bit on a Dell Latitude E6500 (4 GB RAM) with the latest closed-source nvidia driver and Gnome with Compiz. The applications I use most of the time are firefox and eclipse. Any hints how I can find the problem? I'm not a kernel hacker so if the solution is patching the kernel or something like that then I might be out of the game...

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  • memory tuning with rails/unicorn running on ubuntu

    - by user970193
    I am running unicorn on Ubuntu 11, Rails 3.0, and Ruby 1.8.7. It is an 8 core ec2 box, and I am running 15 workers. CPU never seems to get pinned, and I seem to be handling requests pretty nicely. My question concerns memory usage, and what concerns I should have with what I am seeing. (if any) Here is the scenario: Under constant load (about 15 reqs/sec coming in from nginx), over the course of an hour, each server in the 3 server cluster loses about 100MB / hour. This is a linear slope for about 6 hours, then it appears to level out, but still maybe appear to lose about 10MB/hour. If I drop my page caches using the linux command echo 1 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches, the available free memory shoots back up to what it was when I started the unicorns, and the memory loss pattern begins again over the hours. Before: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7130244 5005376 2124868 0 113628 422856 -/+ buffers/cache: 4468892 2661352 Swap: 33554428 0 33554428 After: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7130244 4467144 2663100 0 228 11172 -/+ buffers/cache: 4455744 2674500 Swap: 33554428 0 33554428 My Ruby code does use memoizations and I'm assuming Ruby/Rails/Unicorn is keeping its own caches... what I'm wondering is should I be worried about this behaviour? FWIW, my Unicorn config: worker_processes 15 listen "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn_socket", :backlog = 1024 listen 8080, :tcp_nopush = true timeout 180 pid "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid" GC.respond_to?(:copy_on_write_friendly=) and GC.copy_on_write_friendly = true before_fork do |server, worker| STDERR.puts "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX BEFORE FORK" print_gemfile_location defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect! defined?(Resque) and Resque.redis.client.disconnect old_pid = "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid.oldbin" if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid begin Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i) rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH # already killed end end File.open("#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid.ok", "w"){|f| f.print($$.to_s)} end after_fork do |server, worker| defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection defined?(Resque) and Resque.redis.client.connect end Is there a need to experiment enforcing more stringent garbage collection using OobGC (http://unicorn.bogomips.org/Unicorn/OobGC.html)? Or is this just normal behaviour, and when/as the system needs more memory, it will empty the caches by itself, without me manually running that cache command? Basically, is this normal, expected behaviour? tia

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  • Why is dwm.exe using so much memory?

    - by Leonard Challis
    I've scoured the web, but I'm sick of reading "scan your computer for viruses" and "upgrade your RAM" on answers to similar questions to this. I understand that dwm.exe is for (simply put) caching bitmaps for things like Aero-peek and similar, but as far as I have read it shouldn't be using vast amounts of memory. My colleague and I both have 4GB of RAM, Core 2 Duo, blah, blah -- essentially they're pretty capable. His dwm.exe is running at around 30mb, mind is currently running at about half a gig, though it does fluctuate quite a lot. This is the same while running the exact same applications (currently Zend studio, FireFox (with firemin - low memory usage), Outlook). Every so often I will get a notification asking me if I want to switch to Aero Basic because it's using too much memory, and sometimes it will just switch itself to basic and let me know why. I know it's possible to stop it switching, but I want to know why it is using too much memory otherwise it's just papering over the cracks. One thing to add is this seems to have started after a robbery on Monday, where two of my monitors were stolen, and I had to temporarily use a couple of alternative monitors. I am now using brand new monitors but the problem is the same. All drivers installed and working seemingly fine. Any ideas why the usage is so high? We are using windows 7 64-bit Professional.

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