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• What effect does RAID stripe size have on read-ahead settings?

  - by stbrody

  I'm trying to figure out the correct read-ahead values to set on a RAID10 array, and I'm wondering if the RAID stripe size should factor into my considerations. I've heard conflicting information about this in the past. I once heard that you should always set your read-ahead value to a multiple of the RAID stripe size, and never below the stripe size, because that is the minimum amount of data the RAID controller will ever try to read at once. Someone else told me, however, that setting read-ahead below the stripe size is fine, and can, in fact, increase the amount of parallel reads you can do across devices in the array, increasing performance and decreasing load on the array. So which is it? Do read-ahead settings that aren't multiples of the stripe size make sense or not?

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• Raid0 performance degradation?

  - by davy8

  Not sure if this belongs here or on SuperUser, feel free to move as appropriate. I've noticed the performance on my RAID0 setup seems to have degraded over the past months. The throughput is fine, but I think the random access time has increased or something. In use I generally see about 1-5mb/sec when loading stuff in Visual Studio and other apps and it doesn't seem like the CPU is bottlenecking as the CPU utilization is pretty low. I don't recall what Access Time used to be, but HD Tune is reporting 12.6ms Read throughput is showing as averaging about 125MB/sec so it should be great for sequential reads. Defrag daily and it shows fragmentation levels low, so that shouldn't be an issue. Additional info, Windows 7 x64, Intel raid controller on mobo, WD Black 500GB (I think 32mb cache) x2.

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• Raid0 performance degradation?

  - by davy8

  Not sure if this belongs here or on SuperUser, feel free to move as appropriate. I've noticed the performance on my RAID0 setup seems to have degraded over the past months. The throughput is fine, but I think the random access time has increased or something. In use I generally see about 1-5mb/sec when loading stuff in Visual Studio and other apps and it doesn't seem like the CPU is bottlenecking as the CPU utilization is pretty low. I don't recall what Access Time used to be, but HD Tune is reporting 12.6ms Read throughput is showing as averaging about 125MB/sec so it should be great for sequential reads. Defrag daily and it shows fragmentation levels low, so that shouldn't be an issue. Additional info, Windows 7 x64, Intel raid controller on mobo, WD Black 500GB (I think 32mb cache) x2.

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• Evolution Gmail Mashup + Fixing Time stamp

  - by Dan

  I wanted to migrate my university email (including subfolders) to my gmail account. Since gmail only imports POP3 which doesn't have subfolders, I had to connect to both gmail and my university mail using an email client (I am using Evolution) and then drag each folder from my university account to my gmail account. This worked for the most part, but the time stamp on every email I dragged over from my university account to gmail reads as todays date, when it was dragged over. If I enter the email and hit details it shows the actual sent date. How can I get it to not overwrite the received date when transferring? (as I assume this is what is happening). Thanks

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• Optimizing MySQL for small VPS

  - by Chris M

  I'm trying to optimize my MySQL config for a verrry small VPS. The VPS is also running NGINX/PHP-FPM and Magento; all with a limit of 250MB of RAM. This is an output of MySQL Tuner... -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.41-3ubuntu12.8 [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: -Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 1M (Tables: 14) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 29M (Tables: 301) [--] Data in MEMORY tables: 1M (Tables: 17) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 301 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 2d 11h 14m 58s (1M q [8.038 qps], 33K conn, TX: 2B, RX: 618M) [--] Reads / Writes: 83% / 17% [--] Total buffers: 122.0M global + 8.6M per thread (100 max threads) [!!] Maximum possible memory usage: 978.2M (404% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (37/1M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 6% (6/100) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 32.0M/282.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 99.7% (358K cached / 1K reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 83.4% (1M cached / 1M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 48301 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 144K sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 13% (27K on disk / 203K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (6 created / 33K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (32 open / 51K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 1% (20/1K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (1M immediate / 1M locks) [!!] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 29.2M/8.0M -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Reduce your overall MySQL memory footprint for system stability Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: *** MySQL's maximum memory usage is dangerously high *** *** Add RAM before increasing MySQL buffer variables *** query_cache_size (> 64M) table_cache (> 32) innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 29M) and this is the config. # # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # # # * IMPORTANT # If you make changes to these settings and your system uses apparmor, you may # also need to also adjust /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld. # user = mysql socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 32M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 sort_buffer_size = 4M read_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP max_connections = 100 table_cache = 32 tmp_table_size = 128M #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # #query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_type = 1 query_cache_size = 64M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ The site contains 1 wordpress site,so lots of MYISAM but mostly static content as its not changing all that often (A wordpress cache plugin deals with this). And the Magento Site which consists of a lot of InnoDB tables, some MyISAM and some INMEMORY. The "read" side seems to be running pretty well with a mass of optimizations I've used on Magento, the NGINX setup and PHP-FPM + XCACHE. I'd love to have a kick in the right direction with the MySQL config so I'm not blindly altering it based on the MySQLTuner without understanding what I'm changing. Thanks

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• Should you disable page file with SSD?

  - by Pyrolistical

  I've been reading this question, and it has a lot of great information. But assuming you have more than enough ram, I think page file should be disabled on SSD to extend the life time. I know you would lose the core dump on crash, but not many people need that information. From my understand without a page file as you reach the limit of your ram that might trigger thrashing on disk. But for SSDs there is no concept of thrashing, reads are fast. What do you guys think?

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• How do you handle reboots?

  - by Mart

  We have one VPS (Windows 2008 R2+IIS7.5), with an asp.net mvc 3 application. The main question is: how to handle issues when Windows needs to reboot? (after installing Windows Updates or anything else). The goal is to make the website 24/7, but first it's ok to show a message to the users. (we'll be back soon, something like app_offline.htm) Our application uses SQL and also writes/reads some files (uploaded photos, documents) which are not stored in SQL. What do you recommend? Load balancing with ARR? (with 1+2 servers, but what if the front-end server needs reboot?) Windows failover cluster? SQL failover cluster? What to do with uploaded files? I really don't know what would be the best (and simplest) solution.

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• How many times can data be read from a USB flash drive?

  - by John

  While I am aware that performing writes on a USB flash drive degrades the life expectancy of the device. I have heard the quantity of writes is anywhere from 100 thousand to 10 million, but I have not heard about number of read operations. Does reading from the device count toward this total? I am interested in writing only once to a flash drive and setting it to read-only. Then reading files from the device a thousand or more times per day, but am wondering if (at say 1,000 reads per day), the flash drive will need to be replaced within 100 days (assuming a 100,000 r/w cycle lifetime)?

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• Server Memory with Magento

  - by Mohamed Elgharabawy

  I have a cloud server with the following specifications: 2vCPUs 4G RAM 160GB Disk Space Network 400Mb/s System Image: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS I am only running Magento CE 1.7.0.2 on this server. Nothing else. Usually, the server has a loading time of 4-5 seconds. Recently, this has dropped to over 30 seconds and sometimes the server just goes away and I get HTTP error reports to my email stating that HTTP requests took more than 20000ms. Running top command and sorting them returns the following: top - 15:29:07 up 3:40, 1 user, load average: 28.59, 25.95, 22.91 Tasks: 112 total, 30 running, 82 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 90.2%us, 9.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.2%st PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 31901 www-data 20 0 360m 71m 5840 R 7 1.8 1:39.51 apache2 32084 www-data 20 0 362m 72m 5548 R 7 1.8 1:31.56 apache2 32089 www-data 20 0 348m 59m 5660 R 7 1.5 1:41.74 apache2 32295 www-data 20 0 343m 54m 5532 R 7 1.4 2:00.78 apache2 32303 www-data 20 0 354m 65m 5260 R 7 1.6 1:38.76 apache2 32304 www-data 20 0 346m 56m 5544 R 7 1.4 1:41.26 apache2 32305 www-data 20 0 348m 59m 5640 R 7 1.5 1:50.11 apache2 32291 www-data 20 0 358m 69m 5256 R 6 1.7 1:44.26 apache2 32517 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5532 R 6 1.4 1:45.56 apache2 30473 www-data 20 0 355m 66m 5680 R 6 1.7 2:00.05 apache2 32093 www-data 20 0 352m 63m 5848 R 6 1.6 1:53.23 apache2 32302 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5512 R 6 1.4 1:55.87 apache2 32433 www-data 20 0 346m 57m 5500 S 6 1.4 1:31.58 apache2 32638 www-data 20 0 354m 65m 5508 R 6 1.6 1:36.59 apache2 32230 www-data 20 0 347m 57m 5524 R 6 1.4 1:33.96 apache2 32231 www-data 20 0 355m 66m 5512 R 6 1.7 1:37.47 apache2 32233 www-data 20 0 354m 64m 6032 R 6 1.6 1:59.74 apache2 32300 www-data 20 0 355m 66m 5672 R 6 1.7 1:43.76 apache2 32510 www-data 20 0 347m 58m 5512 R 6 1.5 1:42.54 apache2 32521 www-data 20 0 348m 59m 5508 R 6 1.5 1:47.99 apache2 32639 www-data 20 0 344m 55m 5512 R 6 1.4 1:34.25 apache2 32083 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5696 R 5 1.4 1:59.42 apache2 32085 www-data 20 0 347m 58m 5692 R 5 1.5 1:42.29 apache2 32293 www-data 20 0 353m 64m 5676 R 5 1.6 1:52.73 apache2 32301 www-data 20 0 348m 59m 5564 R 5 1.5 1:49.63 apache2 32528 www-data 20 0 351m 62m 5520 R 5 1.6 1:36.11 apache2 31523 mysql 20 0 3460m 576m 8288 S 5 14.4 2:06.91 mysqld 32002 www-data 20 0 345m 55m 5512 R 5 1.4 2:01.88 apache2 32080 www-data 20 0 357m 68m 5512 S 5 1.7 1:31.30 apache2 32163 www-data 20 0 347m 58m 5512 S 5 1.5 1:58.68 apache2 32509 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5504 R 5 1.4 1:49.54 apache2 32306 www-data 20 0 358m 68m 5504 S 4 1.7 1:53.29 apache2 32165 www-data 20 0 344m 55m 5524 S 4 1.4 1:40.71 apache2 32640 www-data 20 0 345m 56m 5528 R 4 1.4 1:36.49 apache2 31888 www-data 20 0 359m 70m 5664 R 4 1.8 1:57.07 apache2 32511 www-data 20 0 357m 67m 5512 S 3 1.7 1:47.00 apache2 32054 www-data 20 0 357m 68m 5660 S 2 1.7 1:53.10 apache2 1 root 20 0 24452 2276 1232 S 0 0.1 0:01.58 init Moreover, running free -m returns the following: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4003 3919 83 0 118 901 -/+ buffers/cache: 2899 1103 Swap: 0 0 0 To investigate this further, I have installed apache buddy, it recommeneded that I need to reduce the maxclient connections. Which I did. I also installed MysqlTuner and it suggests that I need to set my innodb_buffer_pool_size to = 3.0G. However, I cannot do that, since the whole memory is 4G. Here is the output from apache buddy: ### GENERAL REPORT ### Settings considered for this report: Your server's physical RAM: 4003MB Apache's MaxClients directive: 40 Apache MPM Model: prefork Largest Apache process (by memory): 73.77MB [ OK ] Your MaxClients setting is within an acceptable range. Max potential memory usage: 2950.8 MB Percentage of RAM allocated to Apache 73.72 % And this is the output of MySQLTuner: -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 47m 22s (675K q [237.552 qps], 12K conn, TX: 1B, RX: 300M) [--] Reads / Writes: 45% / 55% [--] Total buffers: 2.1G global + 2.7M per thread (151 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 2.5G (64% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (0/675K) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 26% (40/151) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 36.0M/18.7M [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (245K cached / 105 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 92.5% (500K cached / 541K selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 302886 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (1 temp sorts / 15K sorts) [!!] Joins performed without indexes: 12135 [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 25% (8K on disk / 32K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 90% (1K created / 12K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 17% (400 open / 2K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 12% (123/1K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (196K immediate / 196K locks) [!!] InnoDB buffer pool / data size: 2.0G/3.5G [OK] InnoDB log waits: 0 -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Read this before increasing table_cache over 64: http://bit.ly/1mi7c4C Variables to adjust: query_cache_size ( 64M) join_buffer_size ( 128.0K, or always use indexes with joins) table_cache ( 400) innodb_buffer_pool_size (= 3G) Last but not least, the server still has more than 60% of free disk space. Now, based on the above, I have few questions: Are these numbers normal? Do they make sense? Do I need to upgrade the server? If I don't need to upgrade and my configuration is not correct, how do I optimize it?

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• Is Mac OS X open source?

  - by hasen j

  I learned recently (on superuser) that Mac OS X uses the bash shell. I also know that OS X has a UNIX core. I was searching for information about OS X and Open Source on google, but what I found was this site: http://www.opensource.apple.com/ Which seems to include the source code for OS X. For instance, one of the links reads: Mac OS X 10.5.7 Source So, is OS X open source? There's an Apple Public Source License, but I'm bad at understanding legalese. Update Extra/Bonus question: Besides the kernel, What about the various other pieces? The X server? Window Manager? File explorer? etc. What's open source and what's not?

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• How to Automate .inf PnP Windows 7 Drivers with Wildcard?

  - by Dos_Probie

  I am trying to automate the PnP driver installs for Windows 7 with either of the below batch files via For loop and wildcard for the .inf file. The rundll32 batch reads and echos the correct .inf file but then gives me the "Error Installation failed" and with the pnputil batch it runs without any error put does not install. How can I correct the batch files to install the inf correctly? @echo off&color a&setlocal enabledelayedexpansion cd %~dp0 set PnP=rundll32 syssetup,SetupInfObjectInstallAction DefaultInstall 128 .\*.inf for /f "delims=" %%a in ('dir/b %PnP%') do ( echo == Installing PnP Drivers == "%%a" ::or set PnP=pnputil -i -a "*.inf" for /f "delims=" %%a in ('dir/b %PnP%') do ( echo == Installing PnP Drivers == "%%a" ping -n 3 localhost 1>nul start "" /wait %PnP%\%%a ) cls echo. * DONE * pause exit

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• Does the ``-'' sign have meaning in rsyslog.conf

  - by Aleksandr Levchuk

  Rsyslog is backwards-compatible with Syslog configuration files. The syslog.conf man page has: You may prefix each entry with the minus ``-'' sign to omit syncing the file after every logging. Note that you might lose information if the system crashes right behind a write attempt. Nevertheless this might give you back some performance, especially if you run programs that use logging in a very verbose manner. but I could not find aything about the - sign in man rsyslog.conf. What does rsyslog do when if reads - in the config file?

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• Drive configuration for 5 large databases

  - by Mr. Flibble

  I've got 5 databases, each 300GB, currently on a RAID 5 array consisting of 5 drives. All the databases are used heavily, at the same time, so drive speed is an issue. Would I see better performance if I got rid of the RAID 5 configuration and just put each database on a separate drive? The redundancy provided by RAID 5 is not necessary due to mirroring elsewhere. Will the server then be able to perform reads / writes to different databases drives in parallel? More so at least than when it's in RAID? This is all on Windows 2003 / SQL 2008.

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• Building optimal custom machine for Sql Server

  - by Chad Grant

  Getting the hardware in the mail any day. Hardware related to my question: x10 15.5k RPM SAS Segate Cheetah's x2 Adaptec 5405 PCIe Raid cards Motherboard has integrated SAS raid. Was thinking I would build 2 RAID 10 arrays one for data and one for logs The remaining 2 drives a RAID 0 for TempDB Will probably throw in a drive for OS. Does putting the Sql Server application / exe's on a raid make a difference and is there any impact of leaving the OS on a relatively slow disk compared to the raid arrays? I have 5/6 DBs combined < 50 gigs. With a relatively good / constant load. Estimating 60-7% reads vs writes. Planning on using log shipping as well if that matters. Any advice or suggestions?

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• Should you disable page file with SSD?

  - by Pyrolistical

  I've been reading http://serverfault.com/questions/23621/any-benefit-or-detriment-from-removing-a-pagefile-on-an-8gb-ram-machine, and it has a lot of great information. But assuming you have more than enough ram, I think page file should be disabled on SSD to extend the life time. I know you would lose the core dump on crash, but not many people need that information. From my understand without a page file as you reach the limit of your ram that might trigger thrashing on disk. But for SSDs there is no concept of thrashing, reads are fast. What do you guys think?

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• How can I get rid of / hide :2eDS_Store files on my linux netatalk server?

  - by Douglas Mayle

  I'm running a netatalk server process on my linux server that serves files up to Mac client machines. Whenever you use Mac's Finder to access foreign filesystems over netatalk, it creates '.DS_Store' files to store information about the folder. Normally, these files would be hidden by default, and I wouldn't care. Unfortunately, netatalk doesn't allow access to local hidden files, so when the Mac writes and reads these, it renames them :2eDS_Store on the local filesystem. When you have a deep tree, you end up with these littered all over the place, and other Windows and Linux clients have to deal with them. How do I make these available to Mac clients and hidden from everyone else?

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• SQL Server 2005 Agent running SSIS job can't find file path

  - by alimack

  Basically I'm trying to run a functioning SSIS job (created in BIDS) under the SQL Server Agent - it reads a set of Excel spreadsheets and dumps the results into a table. The problem I'm having is getting the SSA to read the file path, the relevant part of the error is: "0x80004005 Description: "'N:\Assets Property & Facilities Management\Monthly Absence.xls' is not a valid path. Make sure that the path name is spelled correctly and that you are connected to the server on which the file resides." I've tried using UNC paths (\servername\ share) but the BIDS rewrites the paths to standard file paths (c:\directory\filename), I've also tried a proxy which runs this step under an Admin account. I've also tried changing the path to UNC on the SSIS job on the server. Also I'm forcing it to use the 32 bit DTEXEC, so it's not that either Always get the same error, do I need to re-create the job from scratch?

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• How to make gVim transparent on Ubuntu 10.10?

  - by trolle3000

  I have a .gvimrc file that works fine on OS X 10.6, but won't work on Ubuntu. It contains a line that reads set transparency=15, and when i run gVim it reports: Error detected while processing /home/user/.gvimrc: line 25: E518: Unknown option: transparency=15 Any ideas to make gVim transparent by default? Chers! The whole .gvimrc file for completion: " Turn on line numbers set number " Change colorscheme colorscheme ir_black " Turns on the tab bar always set showtabline=2 " Number of horizontal lines on the screen set lines=60 " GUI Option to remove the Toolbar (T) set guioptions-=T " Sets the percent transparency set transparency=15

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• My linux server takes more than an hour to boot. Suggestions?

  - by jamieb

  I am building a CentOS 5.4 system that boots off a compact flash card using a card reader that emulates an IDE drive. It literally takes about an hour to boot. The ultra-slow part occurs when Grub is loading the kernel. Once that's done, the rest of the boot process only takes about a minute to get to a login prompt. Does anyone have any suggestions? I suspect that it may have to do with UDMA. Everything IDE-related in my BIOS seems to checkout. The read performance hdparm is telling me 1.77 MB/s. Ouch! (But even at that rate, it still shouldn't take an hour to decompress and load the kernel) [root@server ~]# hdparm -tT /dev/hdc /dev/hdc: Timing cached reads: 2444 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1222.04 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 6 MB in 3.39 seconds = 1.77 MB/sec Trying to enable DMA is a no-go though: [root@server ~]# hdparm -d1 /dev/hdc /dev/hdc: setting using_dma to 1 (on) HDIO_SET_DMA failed: Operation not permitted using_dma = 0 (off) Here's some command outputs that might help: System [root@server ~]# uname -a Linux server.localdomain 2.6.18-164.el5xen #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 04:47:32 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux PCI info: [root@server ~]# lspci -v 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ/P/PL Memory Controller Hub (rev 02) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ/P/PL Memory Controller Hub Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Capabilities: [e0] Vendor Specific Information 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ Integrated Graphics Controller Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 10 Memory at fdf00000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=512K] I/O ports at ff00 [size=8] Memory at d0000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] Memory at fdf80000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K] Capabilities: [90] Message Signalled Interrupts: 64bit- Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16 I/O ports at fe00 [size=32] 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 I/O ports at fd00 [size=32] 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 18 I/O ports at fc00 [size=32] 00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 19 I/O ports at fb00 [size=32] 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16 Memory at fdfff000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Capabilities: [58] Debug port 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev e1) (prog-if 01 [Subtractive decode]) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=32 I/O behind bridge: 0000d000-0000dfff Memory behind bridge: fde00000-fdefffff Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000fdd00000-00000000fdd00000 Capabilities: [50] #0d [0000] 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0 Capabilities: [e0] Vendor Specific Information 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR/GH (ICH7 Family) SATA IDE Controller (rev 01) (prog-if 80 [Master]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR/GH (ICH7 Family) SATA IDE Controller Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 I/O ports at <unassigned> I/O ports at <unassigned> I/O ports at <unassigned> I/O ports at <unassigned> I/O ports at f800 [size=16] Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 2 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 01) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) SMBus Controller Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 17 I/O ports at 0500 [size=32] 01:04.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 18 I/O ports at de00 [size=256] Memory at fdeff000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 01:06.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 17 I/O ports at dc00 [size=256] Memory at fdefe000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 01:07.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 19 I/O ports at da00 [size=256] Memory at fdefd000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 hdparm ouput: [root@server ~]# hdparm /dev/hdc /dev/hdc: multcount = 0 (off) IO_support = 0 (default 16-bit) unmaskirq = 0 (off) using_dma = 0 (off) keepsettings = 0 (off) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 8146/16/63, sectors = 8211168, start = 0 [root@server ~]# hdparm -I /dev/hdc /dev/hdc: ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: InnoDisk Corp. - iCF4000 4GB Serial Number: 20091023AACA70000753 Firmware Revision: 081107 Standards: Supported: 5 Likely used: 6 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 8146 8146 heads 16 16 sectors/track 63 63 -- CHS current addressable sectors: 8211168 LBA user addressable sectors: 8211168 device size with M = 1024*1024: 4009 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 4204 MBytes (4 GB) Capabilities: LBA, IORDY(can be disabled) Standby timer values: spec'd by Vendor R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 2 Current = 2 DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 *udma2 udma3 udma4 Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns Commands/features: Enabled Supported: * Power Management feature set * WRITE_BUFFER command * READ_BUFFER command * NOP cmd * CFA feature set * Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE HW reset results: CBLID- above Vih Device num = 0 CFA power mode 1: enabled and required by some commands Maximum current = 100ma Checksum: correct

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• Space a valid delimiter for email addresses in email header?

  - by semanticalo

  Is it syntactically correct to delimit multiple email recipients in the "To" header of an email with spaces only or do I need to use another delimiter (a semicolon or the like)? Example (MIME data reads as follows): Date: Mon, 04 Oct 2010 06:14:16 +0200 From: [email protected] To: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Subject: Test Subject The above will be processed by many email processing applications, but I need to know whether it's correct according to standard (RFC). Unfortunately I didn't find anything useful on the internet so far. Thanks a million for your help!

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• MongoDB ReplicaSet Elections when some nodes are down

  - by SecondThought

  I'm trying to get into ReplicaSet concept, and found something weird in mongoDB Documentation: For a node to be elected primary, it must receive a majority of votes. This is a majority of all votes in the set: if you have a 5-member set and 4 members are down, a majority of the set is still 3 members (floor(5/2)+1). Each member of the set receives a single vote and knows the total number of available votes. If no node can reach a majority, then no primary can be elected and no data can be written to that replica set (although reads to secondaries are still possible). (taken from here) So, If I got that right, in the 5-member case mentioned there the one node that's still standing WILL NOT be chosen as primary and the whole set will not get any writes? and that's even if this single node was the last primary before the elections? If it's true there can be many less-radical cases which will end up with a degenerated set. How can we avoid this?

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• Mapping a Piped Shell Command in Vim

  - by michaelmichael

  In a previous question I asked about mapping evaluated code to a new window in MacVim. I got a great solution, but it presented another question: How can I map a key command in my .vimrc that involves piping output in the shell? As a simple example, let's say I wanted to pipe the results of ls -a to a new MacVim window. From the Vim command line I can enter !ls -a | mvim -, and the results will appear in a new window. Great! Now, I add that to my .vimrc: nmap <Leader>r :w !ls | mvim<CR> Vim now throws an error every time I try to source my .vimrc, which reads as follows: E492: Not an editor command: mvim<CR> Any ideas on how to overcome this?

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• Overcrowded Windows XP Folders

  - by BlairHippo

  I know that, technically, an individual Windows XP directory can hold an immense number of files (over 4.29 billion, according to a quick Google search). However, is there a practical ceiling where too many files in one directory starts having an impact on reads to those files? If so, what factors would exacerbate or help the issue? I ask because my employer has several hundred XP machines in the field at client sites, and the performance on some of the older ones is getting "sludgy." The machines download and display client-defined images, and my supervisor and I suspect that our slacktastic approach to cache management could be to blame. (Some of the directories have tens of thousands of images in them.) I'm trying to gather evidence to support or contest the theory before spending time on a coding fix.

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• Remote Installing OS X 10.5 on a PowerBook G4

  - by QuixoticAspie

  I recently acquired a PowerBook G4 (always loved the PPC architecture over Intel when it comes to Apple), currently it has OS X 10.4 installed. Unfortunately I can't find the original 10.5 install disc I had, though I made an ISO of it some time ago, which I've now burnt to a DVD-R DL disc (the SuperDrive is a DVD-R only iirc). This disc keeps being ejected by the PowerBook G4 (reads other discs just fine, except one). So I've been pondering doing a remote install, however the instructions I've seen are for MacBooks - I have DVD or CD Sharing installed, but the part in the instructions (http://guides.macrumors.com/Complete_Steps_to_Perform_a_Clean_OS_X_Reinstall_on_Your_MacBook_Air#Using_Remote_Install) about the 'Install Assistant', I don't get such a thing - only the BootCamp Installer. So my question is: How do I go about doing a remote install on this PowerBook G4? Or is there another alternative, without forking out on a new drive?

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• ATI Driver for HP Pavilion dv2 notebook?

  - by Greg Mattes

  I'm looking for a Windows XP Professional (32-bit) ATI video driver for an HP Pavilion dv2 (model 1118nr). I've downloaded and run several drivers packages, but none have worked so far. The notebook has a sticker on it that reads, "ATI Radeon Premium Graphics 3000 Series" The notebook has an AMD Athlon Neo 64 CPU and it came with Vista 64, but I have a requirement to run 32-bit Windows XP. Does such a driver exist, and if so, where is it? I've tried the AMD ATI graphics drivers portal, but the "Mobility Radeon" section does not list the 3000 series. The "Radeon" section does list the 3000 series, but the package I downloaded and installed from there was not helpful. I also selected "All Graphics - Notebook" on the "Search Drivers and Downloads" page, then selected "Windows XP Professional/Home" on the OS drop down, pressed "Submit", and downloaded and installed the only choice (this single choice is listed twice), but again, it didn't seem to help.

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