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  • Django models & Python class attributes

    - by Geo
    The tutorial on the django website shows this code for the models: from django.db import models class Poll(models.Model): question = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll) choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField() Now, each of those attribute, is a class attribute, right? So, the same attribute should be shared by all instances of the class. A bit later, they present this code: class Poll(models.Model): # ... def __unicode__(self): return self.question class Choice(models.Model): # ... def __unicode__(self): return self.choice How did they turn from class attributes into instance attributes? Did I get class attributes wrong?

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  • how to refactor user-permission system?

    - by John
    Sorry for lengthy question. I can't tell if this should be a programming question or a project management question. Any advice will help. I inherited a reasonably large web project (1 year old) from a solo freelancer who architected it then abandoned it. The project was a mess, but I cleaned up what I could, and now the system is more maintainable. I need suggestions on how to extend the user-permission system. As it is now, the database has a t_user table with the column t_user.membership_type. Currently, there are 4 membership types with the following properties: 3 of the membership types are almost functionally the same, except for the different monthly fees each must pay 1 of the membership type is a "fake-user" type which has limited access ( different business logic also applies) With regards to the fake-user type, if you look in the system's business logic files, you will see a lot of hard-coded IF statements that do something like if (fake-user) { // do something } else { // a paid member of type 1,2 or 3 // proceed normally } My client asked me to add 3 more membership types to the system, each of them with unique features to be implemented this month, and substantive "to-be-determined" features next month. My first reaction is that I need to refactor the user-permission system. But it concerns me that I don't have enough information on the "to-be-determined" membership type features for next month. Refactoring the user-permission system will take a substantive amount of time. I don't want to refactor something and throw it out the following month. I get substantive feature requests on a monthly basis that come out of the blue. There is no project road map. I've asked my client to provide me with a roadmap of what they intend to do with the new membership types, but their answer is along the lines of "We just want to do [feature here] this month. We'll think of something new next month." So questions that come to mind are: 1) Is it dangerous for me to refactor the user permission system not knowing what membership type features exist beyond a month from now? 2) Should I refactor the user permission system regardless? Or just continue adding IF statements as needed in all my controller files? Or can you recommend a different approach to user permission systems? Maybe role-based ? 3) Should this project have a road map? For a 1 year old project like mine, how far into the future should this roadmap project? 4) Any general advice on the best way to add 3 new membership types?

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  • Hibernate/JPA - annotating bean methods vs fields

    - by Benju
    I have a simple question about usage of Hibernate. I keep seeing people using JPA annotations in one of two ways by annotating the fields of a class and also by annotating the get method on the corresponding beans. My question is as follows: Is there a difference between annotating fields and bean methods with JPA annoations such as @Id. example: @Entity public class User { **@ID** private int id; public int getId(){ return this.id; } public void setId(int id){ this.id=id; } } -----------OR----------- @Entity public class User { private int id; **@ID** public int getId(){ return this.id; } public void setId(int id){ this.id=id; } }

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  • Implementing coroutines in Java

    - by JUST MY correct OPINION
    This question is related to my question on existing coroutine implementations in Java. If, as I suspect, it turns out that there is no full implementation of coroutines currently available in Java, what would be required to implement them? As I said in that question, I know about the following: You can implement "coroutines" as threads/thread pools behind the scenes. You can do tricksy things with JVM bytecode behind the scenes to make coroutines possible. The so-called "Da Vinci Machine" JVM implementation has primitives that make coroutines doable without bytecode manipulation. There are various JNI-based approaches to coroutines also possible. I'll address each one's deficiencies in turn. Thread-based coroutines This "solution" is pathological. The whole point of coroutines is to avoid the overhead of threading, locking, kernel scheduling, etc. Coroutines are supposed to be light and fast and to execute only in user space. Implementing them in terms of full-tilt threads with tight restrictions gets rid of all the advantages. JVM bytecode manipulation This solution is more practical, albeit a bit difficult to pull off. This is roughly the same as jumping down into assembly language for coroutine libraries in C (which is how many of them work) with the advantage that you have only one architecture to worry about and get right. It also ties you down to only running your code on fully-compliant JVM stacks (which means, for example, no Android) unless you can find a way to do the same thing on the non-compliant stack. If you do find a way to do this, however, you have now doubled your system complexity and testing needs. The Da Vinci Machine The Da Vinci Machine is cool for experimentation, but since it is not a standard JVM its features aren't going to be available everywhere. Indeed I suspect most production environments would specifically forbid the use of the Da Vinci Machine. Thus I could use this to make cool experiments but not for any code I expect to release to the real world. This also has the added problem similar to the JVM bytecode manipulation solution above: won't work on alternative stacks (like Android's). JNI implementation This solution renders the point of doing this in Java at all moot. Each combination of CPU and operating system requires independent testing and each is a point of potentially frustrating subtle failure. Alternatively, of course, I could tie myself down to one platform entirely but this, too, makes the point of doing things in Java entirely moot. So... Is there any way to implement coroutines in Java without using one of these four techniques? Or will I be forced to use the one of those four that smells the least (JVM manipulation) instead?

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  • Unsure how to design JavaScript / jQuery functionality which uses XML to create HTML objects

    - by Jack Roscoe
    Hi, I'm using JavScript and jQuery to read an XML document and subsequently use the information from the XML to create HTML objects. The main 'C' nodes in the XML document all have a type attribute, and depending on the type I want to run a function which will create a new html object using the other attributes assigned to that particular 'C' node node. Currently, I have a for loop which extracts each 'C' node from the XML and also it's attributes (e.g. width, height, x, y). Also inside the for loop, I have an if statement which checks the 'type' attribute of the current 'C' node being processed, and depending on the type it will run a different function which will then create a new HTML object with the attributes which have been drawn from the XML. The problem is that there may be more than one 'C' node of the same type, so for example when I'm creating the function that will run when a 'C' node of 'type=1' is detected, I cannot use the 'var p = document.createElement('p')' because if a 'C' node of the same type comes up later in the loop it will clash and override that element with that variable that has just been created. I'm not really sure how to approach this? Here is my entire script. If you need me to elaborate on any parts please ask, I'm sure it's not written in the nicest possible way: var arrayIds = new Array(); $(document).ready(function(){ $.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "question.xml", dataType: "xml", success: function(xml) { $(xml).find("C").each(function(){ arrayIds.push($(this).attr('ID')); }); var svgTag = document.createElement('SVG'); // Create question type objects function ctyp3(x,y,width,height,baC) { alert('test'); var r = document.createElement('rect'); r.x = x; r.y = y; r.width = width; r.height = height; r.fillcolor = baC; svgTag.appendChild(r); } // Extract question data from XML var questions = []; for (j=0; j<arrayIds.length; j++) { $(xml).find("C[ID='" + arrayIds[j] + "']").each(function(){ // pass values questions[j] = { typ: $(this).attr('typ'), width: $(this).find("I").attr('wid'), height: $(this).find("I").attr('hei'), x: $(this).find("I").attr('x'), y: $(this).find("I").attr('x'), baC: $(this).find("I").attr('baC'), boC: $(this).find("I").attr('boC'), boW: $(this).find("I").attr('boW') } alert($(this).attr('typ')); if ($(this).attr('typ') == '3') { ctyp3(x,y,width,height,baC); // alert('pass'); } else { // Add here // alert('fail'); } }); } } }); });

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  • associated array elements in zend form

    - by ToonMariner
    Hi, Been trying to find a solution for this for a while with not much luck... Need to render a form with an array of checkboxes each having an associated textbox. given an array of array('Dave'=23,'Pete'=12,'Si'=43); the resulting mark-up should yield: <div> <label><input type="checkbox" name="user_id[]" id="user_id-1" value="23" />Dave</label> <label for="job-1">Job:</label><input type="text" name="job[]" id="job-1" /> </div> <div> <label><input type="checkbox" name="user_id[]" id="user_id-2" value="12" />Pete</label> <label for="job-2">Job:</label><input type="text" name="job[]" id="job-2" /> </div> <div> <label><input type="checkbox" name="user_id[]" id="user_id-3" value="43" />Si</label> <label for="job-3">Job:</label><input type="text" name="job[]" id="job-3" /> </div> Complete zend noob so any help appreciuated (including decorators etc.) Thanks peeps

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  • gcc optimization? bug? and its practial implication to project

    - by kumar_m_kiran
    Hi All, My questions are divided into three parts Question 1 Consider the below code, #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main( int argc, char *argv[]) { const int v = 50; int i = 0X7FFFFFFF; cout<<(i + v)<<endl; if ( i + v < i ) { cout<<"Number is negative"<<endl; } else { cout<<"Number is positive"<<endl; } return 0; } No specific compiler optimisation options are used or the O's flag is used. It is basic compilation command g++ -o test main.cpp is used to form the executable. The seemingly very simple code, has odd behaviour in SUSE 64 bit OS, gcc version 4.1.2. The expected output is "Number is negative", instead only in SUSE 64 bit OS, the output would be "Number is positive". After some amount of analysis and doing a 'disass' of the code, I find that the compiler optimises in the below format - Since i is same on both sides of comparison, it cannot be changed in the same expression, remove 'i' from the equation. Now, the comparison leads to if ( v < 0 ), where v is a constant positive, So during compilation itself, the else part cout function address is added to the register. No cmp/jmp instructions can be found. I see that the behaviour is only in gcc 4.1.2 SUSE 10. When tried in AIX 5.1/5.3 and HP IA64, the result is as expected. Is the above optimisation valid? Or, is using the overflow mechanism for int not a valid use case? Question 2 Now when I change the conditional statement from if (i + v < i) to if ( (i + v) < i ) even then, the behaviour is same, this atleast I would personally disagree, since additional braces are provided, I expect the compiler to create a temporary built-in type variable and them compare, thus nullify the optimisation. Question 3 Suppose I have a huge code base, an I migrate my compiler version, such bug/optimisation can cause havoc in my system behaviour. Ofcourse from business perspective, it is very ineffective to test all lines of code again just because of compiler upgradation. I think for all practical purpose, these kinds of error are very difficult to catch (during upgradation) and invariably will be leaked to production site. Can anyone suggest any possible way to ensure to ensure that these kind of bug/optimization does not have any impact on my existing system/code base? PS : When the const for v is removed from the code, then optimization is not done by the compiler. I believe, it is perfectly fine to use overflow mechanism to find if the variable is from MAX - 50 value (in my case).

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  • What does the 'X' in .aspx, docx, xlsx, etc... represent?

    - by Serapth
    It's one of those things you just take for granted until one day someone asks you and you realize you can't answer it. Much like for years I never questioned the use of 1033 directories in Microsoft products for years until one day, someone asked me about it. Around the release of .NET and Office 2007, Microsoft added an x to basically all of their extensions and I frankly took it as representing XML, but that simply doesn't make sense with .aspx. So, I realize this is a very non technical question, but now that the question has been asked of me and my googling hasn't given me an answer, can anyone tell me with authority what the X represents? Is it extended? Xml? Or is there no meaning behind it?

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  • Watir changes highline's "ask" method

    - by grundic
    Hello! I've encoutered some strange functionality, when using Watir and Highline together. Here is simple example: require 'highline/import' comp = ask("Company? ") { |q| q.default = "MySuperCompany" } puts comp require 'watir' comp = ask("Company? ") { |q| q.default = "MySuperCompany" } puts comp Here is an output: Company? |MySuperCompany| MySuperCompany [Company? ] => Company? Maybe it's a bug? I've also found in documentation for highline, that If @question is set before ask() is called, parameters are ignored and that object (must be a HighLine::Question) is used to drive the process instead. Sorry, I'm not a ruby guru :-(

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  • Entity framework and database logic.

    - by Xavier Devian
    Hi all, i have a question that's being around for several years. As all you know entity framework is an ORM tool that tries to model the database to an object oriented access model. All the samples I've seen are quering directly to the database tables. So, which is the role of the views in the database now?. The views were used to model the database in a more friendly way, that is, several physical tables, one logic table. This was great for example in hidding the complex relational model on stored procedures as queryng the views inside them was much easier than reproducing the query joins over and over on each stored procedure. So the question is, why is entity framework so good if stored procedures can not take benefit of it?

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  • Generate Color Gradient in C#

    - by Ngu Soon Hui
    My question here is similar to the question here, except that I am working with C#. I have two colors, and I have a predefine steps. How to retrieve a list of Colors that are the gradients between the two? This is an approach that I tried, which didn't work: int argbMax = Color.Chocolate.ToArgb(); int argbMin = Color.Blue.ToArgb(); var colorList = new List<Color>(); for(int i=0; i<size; i++) { var colorAverage= argbMin + (int)((argbMax - argbMin) *i/size); colorList.Add(Color.FromArgb(colorAverage)); } If you try the above code, you will find that a gradual increase in argb doesn't correspond to a visual gradual increase in the color. Any idea on this?

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  • Implementation of APIs on diferent platforms

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    OK, this is basicly just about any non-default OS API running on all different OS. But for my example let´s consider platform Windows, API SDL (Simple DirectMedia Layer). Actually this question came to my mind when I was reading about SDL. Originally, I thought that on Windows (and basicly any other OS) you must use OS API to make certain actions, like wrtiting to screen, creating window and so on, becouse that API knows what kernel calls and system subroutines calls it has to do. But when I read about SDL, I surprised me, becouse, you cannot make computer to do anything more than OS can, since you cannot acess HW directly, only thru OS API, from Console allocation to DirectX. So, my question actually is, how does this not-default-OS APIs work? Do they use (wrap) original system API (like MFC wraps win32 api)? Or, do they actually have direct acess to Windows kernel? Or is there any third, way in between? Thanks.

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  • dynamic module creation

    - by intuited
    I'd like to dynamically create a module from a dictionary, and I'm wondering if adding an element to sys.modules is really the best way to do this. EG context = { a: 1, b: 2 } import types test_context_module = types.ModuleType('TestContext', 'Module created to provide a context for tests') test_context_module.__dict__.update(context) import sys sys.modules['TestContext'] = test_context_module My immediate goal in this regard is to be able to provide a context for timing test execution: import timeit timeit.Timer('a + b', 'from TestContext import *') It seems that there are other ways to do this, since the Timer constructor takes objects as well as strings. I'm still interested in learning how to do this though, since a) it has other potential applications; and b) I'm not sure exactly how to use objects with the Timer constructor; doing so may prove to be less appropriate than this approach in some circumstances. EDITS/REVELATIONS/PHOOEYS/EUREKAE: I've realized that the example code relating to running timing tests won't actually work, because import * only works at the module level, and the context in which that statement is executed is that of a function in the testit module. In other words, the globals dictionary used when executing that code is that of main, since that's where I was when I wrote the code in the interactive shell. So that rationale for figuring this out is a bit botched, but it's still a valid question. I've discovered that the code run in the first set of examples has the undesirable effect that the namespace in which the newly created module's code executes is that of the module in which it was declared, not its own module. This is like way weird, and could lead to all sorts of unexpected rattlesnakeic sketchiness. So I'm pretty sure that this is not how this sort of thing is meant to be done, if it is in fact something that the Guido doth shine upon. The similar-but-subtly-different case of dynamically loading a module from a file that is not in python's include path is quite easily accomplished using imp.load_source('NewModuleName', 'path/to/module/module_to_load.py'). This does load the module into sys.modules. However this doesn't really answer my question, because really, what if you're running python on an embedded platform with no filesystem? I'm battling a considerable case of information overload at the moment, so I could be mistaken, but there doesn't seem to be anything in the imp module that's capable of this. But the question, essentially, at this point is how to set the global (ie module) context for an object. Maybe I should ask that more specifically? And at a larger scope, how to get Python to do this while shoehorning objects into a given module?

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  • Pre-populating Radio Buttons with Java

    - by Gary Deuces Rozanski
    Is it possible to pre-populate a radio button, using jsp, depending on the value in the database? If so, how? I have done research here at StackOverflow & Google but with no real solution. p.s. I hope somebody can help me out with a question. As you will see from previous questions, I am not a developer, but get loaded with questions being the most technical on my team. oh the joy. Any help will be appreciated & I apologize in advance if my question is dumb.

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  • if you have written programming book, what prompted you?

    - by aaa
    I noticed that quite a few authors visit the website. First of all, thank everybody who shared their knowledge. Now the question, what prompted you to write a book? was it desire to educate people, just wanted to write the book, financial gains, something else? was writing a book your idea or you were approached to write the book? were you happy with your final work, after editors have their say what feedback did you receive, positive negative neutral? I am warned this is maybe subjective question, I rest decision to close with moderators.

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  • How can I enable/disable network connection options programmatically

    - by nikie
    When I open the properties on a network connnection on windows, I see this dialog: In this dialog, in the check-listbox I can enable or disable options like "File or printer sharing", "client for microsoft networks" or network filter drivers. My question is: How can I enable/disable these options programatically? I didn't find anything that looks like this in the WMI documentation and I couldn't find any other Win32 API for this. I would prefer a C Win32 API or WMI interface, but a solution using any programming language is welcome. The question is language-agnostic.

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  • C++ - what does the colon after a constructor mean?

    - by waitinforatrain
    I'd happily Google this but don't know what to call it to Google it. I have a piece of code here: class demo { private: unsigned char len, *dat; public: demo(unsigned char le = 5, unsigned char default) : len(le) { dat = new char[len]; for (int i = 0; i <= le; i++) dat[i] = default; } void ~demo(void) { delete [] *dat; } }; class newdemo : public demo { private: int *dat1; public: newdemo(void) : demo(0, 0) { *dat1 = 0; return 0; } }; (It's from a past exam paper and the question is to correct errors in the code so ignore errors!) My question is, what are the ": len(le) " and " : demo(0, 0)" called? Something to do with inheritance?

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  • How to detect identical part(s) inside string?

    - by Horace Ho
    I try to break down the http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2711961/decoding-algorithm-wanted question into smaller questions. This is Part I. Question: two strings: s1 and s2 part of s1 is identical to part of s2 space is separator how to extract the identical part(s)? example 1: s1 = "12 November 2010 - 1 visitor" s2 = "6 July 2010 - 100 visitors" the identical parts are "2010", "-", "1" and "visitor" example 2: s1 = "Welcome, John!" s2 = "Welcome, Peter!" the identical parts are "Welcome," and "!" Python and Ruby preferred. Thanks

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  • Initializing structs in C++

    - by Neil Butterworth
    As an addendum to this question, what is going on here: #include <string> using namespace std; struct A { string s; }; int main() { A a = {0}; } Obviously, you can't set a std::string to zero. Can someone provide an explanation (backed with references to the C++ Standard, please) about what is actually supposed to happen here? And then explain for example): int main() { A a = {42}; } Are either of these well-defined? Once again an embarrassing question for me - I always give my structs constructors, so the issue has never arisen before.

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  • Get UserToken from Logon ID (LUID) (C++)

    - by strDisplayName
    Hey Everybody I'm trying to understand better how windows sessions work, so if I have some weird mistakes in the question, please, let me know :-) . I use LsaEnumerateLogonSessions() to get all the logged on sessions in the system. Now I have LUID that represents a log-on, and if I understand correctly, it represents a user that logged on or a build it user like SYSTEM. Now, if user X starts a process, windows gives that process a token that represents X. So here comes my question: Is there a way (in a windows service) to get the user's token from LUID? I know I can get it from a process HANDLE, but that is not what I want... Thanks a lot!

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  • Help translating Reflector deconstruction into compilable code

    - by code poet
    So I am Reflector-ing some framework 2.0 code and end up with the following deconstruction fixed (void* voidRef3 = ((void*) &_someMember)) { ... } This won't compile due to 'The right hand side of a fixed statement assignment may not be a cast expression' I understand that Reflector can only approximate and generally I can see a clear path but this is a bit outside my experience. Question: what is Reflector trying to describe to me? Update: Am also seeing the following fixed (IntPtr* ptrRef3 = ((IntPtr*) &this._someMember)) Update: So, as Mitch says, it is not a bitwise operator, but an addressOf operator. Question is now: fixed (IntPtr* ptrRef3 = &_someMember) fails with an 'Cannot implicitly convert type 'xxx*' to 'System.IntPtr*'. An explicit conversion exists (are you missing a cast?)' compilation error. So I seemed to be damned if I do and damned if I dont. Any ideas?

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  • Django: order by count of a ForeignKey field?

    - by AP257
    This is almost certainly a duplicate question, in which case apologies, but I've been searching for around half an hour on SO and can't find the answer here. I'm probably using the wrong search terms, sorry. I have a User model and a Submission model. Each Submission has a ForeignKey field called user_submitted for the User who uploaded it. class Submission(models.Model): uploaded_by = models.ForeignKey('User') class User(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=250 ) My question is pretty simple: how can I get a list of the three users with the most Submissions? I trued creating a num_submissions method on the User model: def num_submissions(self): num_submissions = Submission.objects.filter(uploaded_by=self).count() return num_submissions and then doing: top_users = User.objects.filter(problem_user=False).order_by('num_submissions')[:3] but this fails, as do all the other things I've tried. Can I actually do it using a smart database query? Or should I just do something more hacky in the views file?

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  • To upload any content on server...what to use?

    - by Nitz
    Hey guys i am making one application, what to use if i want to upload data on server in C# based application. i know this names in web services [ i don't know How to use it? ] 1. SOAP, 2. REST, 3. AWS So my question is, How many ways i can upload my data file to server? Do i have to use web service or is their any other way to upload data file? btw... i am just beginner in C# and web service...so may be u will find this question simple. thanks in advance, nitz.

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