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• Static libraries, dynamic libraries, DLLs, entry points, headers ... how to get out of this alive?

  - by tunnuz

  Hello, I recently had to program C++ under Windows for an University project, and I'm pretty confused about static and dynamic libraries system, what the compiler needs, what the linker needs, how to build a library ... is there any good document about this out there? I'm pretty confused about the *nix library system as well (so, dylibs, the ar tool, how to compile them ...), can you point a review document about the current library techniques on the various architectures? Note: due to my poor knowledge this message could contain wrong concepts, feel free to edit it. Thank you Feel free to add more reference, I will add them to the summary. References Since most of you posted *nix or Windows specific references I will summarize here the best ones, I will mark as accepted answer the Wikipedia one, because is a good start point (and has references inside too) to get introduced to this stuff. Program Library Howto (Unix) Dynamic-Link Libraries (from MSDN) (Windows) DLL Information (StackOverflow) (Windows) Programming in C (Unix) An Overview of Compiling and Linking (Windows)

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• Can obfuscation (proguard) lead to MIDlet malfunction?

  - by eMgz

  Hi, Im trying to obfuscate a Java MIDlet with proguard. It runs ok on the PC, however, when I run it on the phone, the program opens, connects to the server, and then freezes. If I disable obfuscation, it runs ok again on the phone. Ive tryed all the obfuscation levels for apps (7, 8 and 9 at NetBeans), and none of them seems to work properly, and I cant release this app for comercial use without obfuscation. Also, the compiler throws some warnings: Note: duplicate definition of library class [java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream] Note: there were 14 duplicate class definitions. But I dont know if this is realy the problem. Does anyone knows what is wrong? The obfuscator arguments are listed below: Obfuscator Arguments (7): -dontusemixedcaseclassnames -default package '' -keep public class ** { public *; } Obfuscator Arguments (8): same as (7) plus -overloadaggressively. Obfuscator Arguments (9): same as (8) but -keep public class ** extends javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet { public *; } instead. Thanks.

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• C++ Ambiguous call to Overloaded Function (const variety)

  - by Joe

  After researching this online, I've only found solutions that don't apply to my problem, so please bear with me. Code snippet: typedef my_map_t<int const *, float> _test; my_map_t::const_iterator not_found = my_map_t::end(); if (_test.find(&iKeyValue) == not_found) { _test[iKeyValue] = 4 + 5; // not the actual code, but here for simplicity } The compiler complains that there's an ambiguous call to my_map_t::end(). This makes sense, because the only difference is the return type. Output: error C2668: 'std::_Tree<_Traits>::end' : ambiguous call to overloaded function Normally you can disambiguate the call by casting the parameters, but end() has no parameters. Any ideas?

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• Will more CPUs/cores help with VS.NET build times?

  - by LoveMeSomeCode

  I was wondering if anyone knew whether Visual Studio .NET had a parallel build process or not? I have a solution with lots of projects, every project has lots of markup/code, lots of types, etc. Just sitting there with intellisense on runs it up to about 700MB. But the build times are really slow and only seem to max out one of my two cpu cores. Does this mean the build process is single threaded? My solution's build dependency chain isn't linear, so I don't see why it couldn't be building some of the projects in parallel. I remember Joel Spolsky blogging about his new SSD, and how it didn't help with compile times, but he didn't mention which compiler he was using. We're using VS 2005. Anyone know how it's compilation works? And is it any different/better in 2008/2010?

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• sOperator as and generic classes

  - by abatishchev

  I'm writing .NET On-the-Fly compiler for CLR scripting and want execution method make generic acceptable: object Execute() { return type.InvokeMember(..); } T Execute<T>() { return Execute() as T; /* doesn't work: The type parameter 'T' cannot be used with the 'as' operator because it does not have a class type constraint nor a 'class' constraint */ // also neither typeof(T) not T.GetType(), so on are possible return (T) Execute(); // ok } But I think operator as will be very useful: if result type isn't T method will return null, instead of an exception! Is it possible to do?

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• Should boost library be dependent on structure member alignments?

  - by Sorin Sbarnea

  I found, the hard way, that at least boost::program_options is dependent of the compiler configured structure member alignment. If you build boost using default settings and link it with a project using 4 bytes alignment (/Zp4) it will fail at runtime (made a minimal test with program_options). Boost will generate an assert indicating a possible bad calling convention but the real reason is the structure member alignment. Is there any way to prevent this? If the alignment makes the code incompatible shouldn't this be included in library naming?

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• How exactly does linking in C# work?

  - by akosch

  I want to use a GPL'd library in my C# application, but not necessarily release my own code under the GPL. If I understand correctly linking against a GPL'd library using dynamic linking and not distributing the library in question means I can license my own app in any way I want (the users of my software would then be required to install the library themselves). Please correct me if I'm wrong. My question is: how can I link against a DLL this way in C#? Do I only need to use C#'s using directive and add the DLL as a reference to the compiler? Is the distribution of the resulting bytecode legal?

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• Returning structs in registers - ARM ABI in GCC

  - by jbcreix

  Hi, In the ARM ABI documentation I come across functions defined like: __value_in_regs struct bar foo(int a, int b) { ... } but GCC(4.3.3) doesn't allow it and all I could find are references to some RealView compiler. Is there any way of doing this from GCC? I have tried -freg-struct-return but it doesn't make a difference. As it is an ABI I can't change the original programs, and returning a regular struct mangles the stack. I would rather not using assembly for this if avoidable as it isn't otherwise necessary. Thanks!

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• How to make safe cast using generics in C#?

  - by TN

  I want to implement a generic method on a generic class which would allow to cast safely, see example: public class Foo<T> : IEnumerable<T> { ... public IEnumerable<R> SafeCast<R>() where T : R { return this.Select(item => (R)item); } } However, the compiler tells me that Foo<T>.SafeCast<R>() does not define parameter 'T'. I understand this message that I cannot specify a constraint on T in the method since it is not defined in the method. But how can I specify an inverse constraint?

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• Empty accessors do matter? Regarding value types and their modification

  - by Petr

  Hi, I have following code that does not work due to "a" being a value typed. But I thought it would not work even without accessors, but it did: class Program { a _a //with accessors it WONT compile { get; set; } static void Main(string[] args) { Program p = new Program(); p._a.X = 5; //when both accessors are deleted, compiler does not //complain about _a.X not being as variable } } struct a { public int X; } It does not work as "a" is struct. But when I delete accessors from "_a" instance, it works. I do not understand why. Thanks

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• Yield In VB.NET

  - by MagicKat

  C# has the keyword called yield. VB.NET lacks this keyword. I am curious how some of the VB programmers have gotten around the lack of this keyword. Do you implement your own iterator class? Or do you try and code to avoid the need of an iterator? The yield keyword does force the compiler to do some coding behind the scenes. http://blogs.msdn.com/oldnewthing/archive/2008/08/12/8849519.aspx is a good example of that.

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• All possible values of int from the smallest to the largest, using Java.

  - by Totophil

  Write a program to print out all possible values of int data type from the smallest to the largest, using Java. Some notable solutions as of 8th of May 2009, 10:44 GMT: 1) Daniel Lew was the first to post correctly working code. 2) Kris has provided the simplest solution for the given problem. 3) Tom Hawtin - tackline, came up arguably with the most elegant solution. 4) mmyers pointed out that printing is likely to become a bottleneck and can be improved through buffering. 5) Jay's brute force approach is notable since, besides defying the core point of programming, the resulting source code takes about 128 GB and will blow compiler limits. As a side note I believe that the answers do demonstrate that it could be a good interview question, as long as the emphasis is not on the ability to remember trivia about the data type overflow and its implications (that can be easily spotted during unit testing), or the way of obtaining MAX and MIN limits (can easily be looked up in the documentation) but rather on the analysis of various ways of dealing with the problem.

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• Debugging a release version of a DLL (with PDB file)

  - by Martin

  If I have a DLL (that was built in release-mode) and the corresponding PDB file, is it possible to debug (step-into) classes/methods contained in that DLL? If so, what are the required steps/configuration (e.g. where to put the PDB file)? Edit: If have the PDB file in the same place as the DLL (in the bin/debug directory of a simple console test application). I can see that the symbols for the DLL are loaded (in the Output window and also in the Modules window), but still I cannot step into the methods of that DLL. Could this be the result of compiler optimizations (as described by Michael in his answer)?

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• FxCop giving a warning on private constructor CA1823 and CA1053

  - by Luis Sánchez

  I have a class that looks like the following: Public Class Utilities Public Shared Function blah(userCode As String) As String 'doing some stuff End Function End Class I'm running FxCop 10 on it and it says: "Because type 'Utilities' contains only 'static' ( 'Shared' in Visual Basic) members, add a default private constructor to prevent the compiler from adding a default public constructor." Ok, you're right Mr. FxCop, I'll add a private constructor: Private Utilities() Now I'm having: "It appears that field 'Utilities.Utilities' is never used or is only ever assigned to. Use this field or remove it." Any ideas of what should I do to get rid of both warnings?

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• Adding Java packages to GWT

  - by Organiccat

  I've tried searching but couldn't come up with a defined way on how to add your own packages to a GWT project. My tree structure looks like this: -com.mycompany -public MyApplication.html MyApplication.gwt.xml -com.mycompany.client MyApp.java -com.mycompany.gui TableLayout.java The answer I've seen out there says to add the packages relative to the root directory of the gwt.xml file, like so: <module> <inherits name="com.google.gwt.user.User" /> <entry-point class="com.mycompany.client.MyApp" /> <source path="client" /> <source path="gui" /> </module> It then complains: Unable to find type 'com.technicon.client.MyApp' Hint: Previous compiler errors may have made this type unavailable Hint: Check the inheritance chain from your module; it may not be inheriting a required module or a module may not be adding its source path entries properly Can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong and how to fix this?

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• Using Library files in Linux

  - by paultop6

  Hi Guys, Im trying to use some of the functions that are in the /lib/libproc-3.2.6.so library in my Ubuntu Distribution. I have downloaded and installed the header files and they are defined in my source files. Currently this is all im trying to do, just for starters... proc_t **read_proc = readproctab(0); But i get the following compiler error: /tmp/cclqMImG.o: In function `Sysmon::initialise_sysmon()': sysmon.cpp:(.text+0x494): undefined reference to `readproctab' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Im aware im probably doing some wrong with the command im using to compile it, but due to lack of experience im not sure what im doign wrong. This is the g++ command im using to compile my cpp file: g++ -o sysmon.o sysmon.cpp `pkg-config --libs --cflags gtk+-2.0` Can someone please give me some pointers as to where im going wrong Regards Paul

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• Boost Regex throwing an error

  - by Srinivasa Varadan

  Hi ALL, I have the following error when I try to compile my code in g+ compiler using eclipse In function `ZSt19__iterator_categoryIPKSsENSt15iterator_traitsIT_E17iterator_categoryERKS3_': C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../include/c++/3.4.5/bits/stl_algobase.h:(.text$_ZN5boost11basic_regexIcNS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEE6assignEPKcS7_j[boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::assign(char const*, char const*, unsigned int)]+0x22): undefined reference to `boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::do_assign(char const*, char const*, unsigned int)' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Build error occurred, build is stopped All I have done is this statement boost::regex re("\s+"); along with the header #inlucde Could you kindly tell me how to proceed ?

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• Operator precedence and struct definition in C

  - by Yktula

  struct struct0 { int a; }; struct struct1 { struct struct0 structure0; int b; } rho; &rho->structure0; /* Reference 1 */ (struct struct0 *)rho; /* Reference 2 */ (struct struct0)rho; /* Reference 3 */ From reference 1, does the compiler take the address of rho, and then access structure0, or vice-versa? What does the line at reference 2 do? Since structure0 is the first member of struct1, would reference 3 be equivalent to reference 1?

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• msvcrt: memory usage goes wild, but not under debugger

  - by al_miro

  I have a C++ code compiled with Intel compiler, 32bit, in MS VC6 mode, so using either msvcrt.dll or msvcrtd.dll. The process makes heavy memory allocation and deallocation. I monitor the memory usage with WMI and look at VirtualSize and WorkingSetSize. with debug runtime (msvcrtd.dll): virtual constant 1.7GB, working constant 1.2GB with non-debug runtime (msvcrt.dll): virtual raising 1.7-- 2.1GB, working raising 1.2-1.4GB with non-debug runtime but under debugger (windbg): virtual constant 1.7GB, working constant At 2.1 GB virtual the process is crashing (as expected). But why would the virtual usage increase only with (non-debug) msvcrt.dll and only if not under debugger? In all cases compilation flags are identical, only runtime libs are different.

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• C# Language Design: explicit interface implementation of an event

  - by ControlFlow

  Small question about C# language design :)) If I had an interface like this: interface IFoo { int Value { get; set; } } It's possible to explicitly implement such interface using C# 3.0 auto-implemented properties: sealed class Foo : IFoo { int IFoo.Value { get; set; } } But if I had an event in the interface: interface IFoo { event EventHandler Event; } And trying to explicitly implement it using field-like event: sealed class Foo : IFoo { event EventHandler IFoo.Event; } I will get the following compiler error: error CS0071: An explicit interface implementation of an event must use event accessor syntax I think that field-like events is the some kind of dualism for auto-implemented properties. So my question is: what is the design reason for such restriction done?

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• How to use Preprocessor directives in MVC aspx pages

  - by Zuber

  I am using MinifyJS.tt which is a T4 template to minify all my JS files automatically. In my aspx files, I am referencing all the javascript files. Now, I want to add a condition (maybe compiler directive) to use the original JS file when I am debugging the application, and to use the minified JS files when I simply run the application without debug. I tried using #if in the aspx page, but that did not seem to work. Can we make use of preprocessor directives in aspx pages? Is there an alternative way to achieve my goal?

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• Reliable portability for C code without relying on the preprocessor

  - by Yktula

  Relying on the preprocessor and predefined compiler macros for achieving portability seems hard to manage. What's a better way to achieve portability for a C project? I want to put environment-specific code in headers that behave the same way. Is there a way to have the build environment choose which headers to include? I was thinking that I'd put the environment-specific headers into directories for specific environments. The build environment would then just copy the headers from the platform's directory into the root directory, build the project, and then remove the copies.

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• Finding C++ static initialization order problems

  - by Fred Larson

  We've run into some problems with the static initialization order fiasco, and I'm looking for ways to comb through a whole lot of code to find possible occurrences. Any suggestions on how to do this efficiently? Edit: I'm getting some good answers on how to SOLVE the static initialization order problem, but that's not really my question. I'd like to know how to FIND objects that are subject to this problem. Evan's answer seems to be the best so far in this regard; I don't think we can use valgrind, but we may have memory analysis tools that could perform a similar function. That would catch problems only where the initialization order is wrong for a given build, and the order can change with each build. Perhaps there's a static analysis tool that would catch this. Our platform is IBM XLC/C++ compiler running on AIX.

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• how to compile a program with gtkmozembed.h

  - by ganapati hegde

  Hi, i have written a program under ubuntu, in which i include gtkmozembed.h. I am facing a problem in compiling the program.Below is the simplest form of a program which uses gtkmozembed. #include <gtk/gtk.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <gtkmozembed.h> int main(){ GtkWidget *mozEmbed; mozEmbed = gtk_moz_embed_new(); return 0; } Eventhough, the above program is doing nothing, compiling that program is a lot for me... I am trying to comile the above program like below gcc `pkg-config --libs --cflags gtk+-2.0` test.c -o test and it is giving the following error... error: gtkmozembed.h: No such file or directory I can understand, something else has to be added to the above gcc line,so that the compiler can find the gtkmozembed.h, but not getting what is that, 'something'...Looking for someone's help..Thank you...

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• Question about member function pointers in a heirarchy

  - by Jesse Beder

  I'm using a library that defines an interface: template<class desttype> void connect(desttype* pclass, void (desttype::*pmemfun)()); and I have a small heirarchy class base { void foo(); }; class derived: public base { ... }; In a member function of derived, I want to call connect(this, &derived::foo); but it seems that &derived::foo is actually a member function pointer of base; gcc spits out error: no matching function for call to ‘connect(derived* const&, void (base::* const&)())’ I can get around this by explicitly casting this to base *; but why can't the compiler match the call with desttype = base (since derived * can be implicitly cast to base *)? Also, why is &derived::foo not a member function pointer of derived?

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