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  • ASA hairpining: I basicaly want to allow 2 spokes to be able to communicate with each other.

    - by Thirst4Knowledge
    ASA Spoke to Spoke Communication I have been looking at spke to spoke comms or "hairpining" for months and have posted on numerouse forums but to no avail. I have a Hub and spoke network where the HUB is an ASA Firewall version 8.2 * I basicaly want to allow 2 spokes to be able to communicate with each other. I think that I have got the concept of the ASA Config for example: same-security-traffic permit intra-interface access-list HQ-LAN extended permit ip ASA-LAN 255.255.248.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list HQ-LAN extended permit ip 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 I think my problem may be that the other spokes are not CIsco Firewalls and I need to work out how to do the alternative setups. I want to at least make sure that my firewall etup is correct then I can move onto the other spokes here is my config: Hostname ASA domain-name mydomain.com names ! interface Ethernet0/0 speed 100 duplex full nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 1.1.1.246 255.255.255.224 ! interface Ethernet0/1 speed 100 duplex full nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.240.33 255.255.255.224 ! interface Ethernet0/2 description DMZ VLAN-253 speed 100 duplex full nameif DMZ security-level 50 ip address 192.168.254.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/3 no nameif no security-level no ip address ! boot system disk0:/asa821-k8.bin ftp mode passive clock timezone GMT/BST 0 dns server-group DefaultDNS domain-name mydomain.com same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface object-group network ASA_LAN_Plus_HQ_LAN network-object ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 network-object HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_acl remark Exchange web access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host MS-Exchange_server-NAT eq https access-list outside_acl remark PPTP Encapsulation access-list outside_acl extended permit gre any host MS-ISA-Server-NAT access-list outside_acl remark PPTP access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host MS-ISA-Server-NAT eq pptp access-list outside_acl remark Intra Http access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host MS-ISA-Server-NAT eq www access-list outside_acl remark Intra Https access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host MS-ISA-Server-NAT eq https access-list outside_acl remark SSL Server-Https 443 access-list outside_acl remark Https 8443(Open VPN Custom port for SSLVPN client downlaod) access-list outside_acl remark FTP 20 access-list outside_acl remark Http access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_1 access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT eq 8443 access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT eq www access-list outside_acl remark For secure remote Managment-SSH access-list outside_acl extended permit tcp any host OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT eq ssh access-list outside_acl extended permit ip Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 access-list ASP-Live remark Live ASP access-list ASP-Live extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.60.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Bo remark Bo access-list Bo extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.169.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Bill remark Bill access-list Bill extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 Bill.15 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 Bill.5 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.149.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.160.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.165.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.140.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.152.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.153.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.163.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.157.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.167.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.156.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.161.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.143.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.137.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.159.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.169.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.150.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.162.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.166.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.168.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.174.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.127.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.173.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.175.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.176.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip host 192.168.240.34 Cisco-admin-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip host Tunnel-DC host HQ-SDSL-Peer access-list no-nat extended permit ip HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list no-nat extended permit ip North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list Car remark Car access-list Car extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.165.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Che remark Che access-list Che extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Chi remark Chi access-list Chi extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.140.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Cla remark Cla access-list Cla extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.152.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Eas remark Eas access-list Eas extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.149.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Ess remark Ess access-list Ess extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.153.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Gat remark Gat access-list Gat extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.163.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Hud remark Hud access-list Hud extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.157.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Ilk remark Ilk access-list Ilk extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.167.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Ken remark Ken access-list Ken extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.156.0 255.255.255.0 access-list North-Office remark North-Office access-list North-Office extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_acl remark Inside_ad access-list inside_acl extended permit ip any any access-list Old_HQ remark Old_HQ access-list Old_HQ extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list Old_HQ extended permit ip HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 access-list She remark She access-list She extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.150.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Lit remark Lit access-list Lit extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.143.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Mid remark Mid access-list Mid extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.137.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Spi remark Spi access-list Spi extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.162.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Tor remark Tor access-list Tor extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.166.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Tra remark Tra access-list Tra extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.168.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Tru remark Tru access-list Tru extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.174.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Yo remark Yo access-list Yo extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.127.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Nor remark Nor access-list Nor extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.159.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Nor extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.173.0 255.255.255.0 inactive access-list ST remark ST access-list ST extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.175.0 255.255.255.0 access-list Le remark Le access-list Le extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.161.0 255.255.255.0 access-list DMZ-ACL remark DMZ access-list DMZ-ACL extended permit ip host OpenVPN-Srvr any access-list no-nat-dmz remark DMZ -No Nat access-list no-nat-dmz extended permit ip 192.168.250.0 255.255.255.0 HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list Split_Tunnel_List remark ASA-LAN access-list Split_Tunnel_List standard permit ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 access-list Split_Tunnel_List standard permit Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_cryptomap_30 remark Po access-list outside_cryptomap_30 extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 Po 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_cryptomap_24 extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_cryptomap_16 extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_cryptomap_34 extended permit ip ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_31_cryptomap extended permit ip host 192.168.240.34 Cisco-admin-LAN 255.255.255.0 access-list outside_32_cryptomap extended permit ip host Tunnel-DC host HQ-SDSL-Peer access-list Genimage_VPN_Any_connect_pix_client remark Genimage "Any Connect" VPN access-list Genimage_VPN_Any_connect_pix_client standard permit Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 access-list Split-Tunnel-ACL standard permit ASA_LAN 255.255.248.0 access-list nonat extended permit ip HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 pager lines 24 logging enable logging timestamp logging console notifications logging monitor notifications logging buffered warnings logging asdm informational no logging message 106015 no logging message 313001 no logging message 313008 no logging message 106023 no logging message 710003 no logging message 106100 no logging message 302015 no logging message 302014 no logging message 302013 no logging message 302018 no logging message 302017 no logging message 302016 no logging message 302021 no logging message 302020 flow-export destination inside MS-ISA-Server 2055 flow-export destination outside 192.168.130.126 2055 flow-export template timeout-rate 1 flow-export delay flow-create 15 mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 mtu DMZ 1500 mtu management 1500 ip local pool RAS-VPN 10.0.0.1.1-10.0.0.1.254 mask 255.255.255.255 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 icmp permit any unreachable outside icmp permit any echo outside icmp permit any echo-reply outside icmp permit any outside icmp permit any echo inside icmp permit any echo-reply inside icmp permit any echo DMZ icmp permit any echo-reply DMZ asdm image disk0:/asdm-621.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 nat-control global (outside) 1 interface global (inside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list no-nat nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 nat (DMZ) 0 access-list no-nat-dmz static (inside,outside) MS-ISA-Server-NAT MS-ISA-Server netmask 255.255.255.255 static (DMZ,outside) OpenVPN-Srvr-NAT OpenVPN-Srvr netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) MS-Exchange_server-NAT MS-Exchange_server netmask 255.255.255.255 access-group outside_acl in interface outside access-group inside_acl in interface inside access-group DMZ-ACL in interface DMZ route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.225 1 route inside 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route outside Genimage_Anyconnect 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route inside Open-VPN 255.255.248.0 OpenVPN-Srvr 1 route inside HQledon-Voice-LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route outside Bill 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside Yo 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route inside 192.168.129.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route outside HQ-LAN 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside Mid 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.140.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.143.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.149.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.152.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.153.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside North-Office-LAN 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.156.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.157.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.159.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.160.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.161.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.162.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.163.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.165.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.166.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.167.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.168.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.173.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.174.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.175.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route outside 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.225 1 route inside ASA_LAN 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.124.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.51.0 255.255.255.128 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.240.0 255.255.255.224 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.240.164 255.255.255.224 192.168.240.34 1 route inside 192.168.240.196 255.255.255.224 192.168.240.34 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa-server vpn protocol radius max-failed-attempts 5 aaa-server vpn (inside) host 192.168.X.2 timeout 60 key a5a53r3t authentication-port 1812 radius-common-pw a5a53r3t aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL aaa authentication http console LOCAL http server enable http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 inside http 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.255 outside http 1.1.1.234 255.255.255.255 outside http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 management http 1.1.100.198 255.255.255.255 outside http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside crypto map FW_Outside_map 1 match address Bill crypto map FW_Outside_map 1 set peer x.x.x.121 crypto map FW_Outside_map 1 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 2 match address Bo crypto map FW_Outside_map 2 set peer x.x.x.202 crypto map FW_Outside_map 2 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 3 match address ASP-Live crypto map FW_Outside_map 3 set peer x.x.x.113 crypto map FW_Outside_map 3 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 4 match address Car crypto map FW_Outside_map 4 set peer x.x.x.205 crypto map FW_Outside_map 4 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 5 match address Old_HQ crypto map FW_Outside_map 5 set peer x.x.x.2 crypto map FW_Outside_map 5 set transform-set SECURE WG crypto map FW_Outside_map 6 match address Che crypto map FW_Outside_map 6 set peer x.x.x.204 crypto map FW_Outside_map 6 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 7 match address Chi crypto map FW_Outside_map 7 set peer x.x.x.212 crypto map FW_Outside_map 7 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 8 match address Cla crypto map FW_Outside_map 8 set peer x.x.x.215 crypto map FW_Outside_map 8 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 9 match address Eas crypto map FW_Outside_map 9 set peer x.x.x.247 crypto map FW_Outside_map 9 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 10 match address Ess crypto map FW_Outside_map 10 set peer x.x.x.170 crypto map FW_Outside_map 10 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 11 match address Hud crypto map FW_Outside_map 11 set peer x.x.x.8 crypto map FW_Outside_map 11 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 12 match address Gat crypto map FW_Outside_map 12 set peer x.x.x.212 crypto map FW_Outside_map 12 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 13 match address Ken crypto map FW_Outside_map 13 set peer x.x.x.230 crypto map FW_Outside_map 13 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 14 match address She crypto map FW_Outside_map 14 set peer x.x.x.24 crypto map FW_Outside_map 14 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 15 match address North-Office crypto map FW_Outside_map 15 set peer x.x.x.94 crypto map FW_Outside_map 15 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 16 match address outside_cryptomap_16 crypto map FW_Outside_map 16 set peer x.x.x.134 crypto map FW_Outside_map 16 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 16 set security-association lifetime seconds crypto map FW_Outside_map 17 match address Lit crypto map FW_Outside_map 17 set peer x.x.x.110 crypto map FW_Outside_map 17 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 18 match address Mid crypto map FW_Outside_map 18 set peer 78.x.x.110 crypto map FW_Outside_map 18 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 19 match address Sp crypto map FW_Outside_map 19 set peer x.x.x.47 crypto map FW_Outside_map 19 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 20 match address Tor crypto map FW_Outside_map 20 set peer x.x.x.184 crypto map FW_Outside_map 20 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 21 match address Tr crypto map FW_Outside_map 21 set peer x.x.x.75 crypto map FW_Outside_map 21 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 22 match address Yo crypto map FW_Outside_map 22 set peer x.x.x.40 crypto map FW_Outside_map 22 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 23 match address Tra crypto map FW_Outside_map 23 set peer x.x.x.145 crypto map FW_Outside_map 23 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 24 match address outside_cryptomap_24 crypto map FW_Outside_map 24 set peer x.x.x.46 crypto map FW_Outside_map 24 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 24 set security-association lifetime seconds crypto map FW_Outside_map 25 match address Nor crypto map FW_Outside_map 25 set peer x.x.x.70 crypto map FW_Outside_map 25 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 26 match address Ilk crypto map FW_Outside_map 26 set peer x.x.x.65 crypto map FW_Outside_map 26 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 27 match address Nor crypto map FW_Outside_map 27 set peer x.x.x.240 crypto map FW_Outside_map 27 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 match address ST crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 set peer x.x.x.163 crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 set security-association lifetime seconds crypto map FW_Outside_map 28 set security-association lifetime kilobytes crypto map FW_Outside_map 29 match address Lei crypto map FW_Outside_map 29 set peer x.x.x.4 crypto map FW_Outside_map 29 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 30 match address outside_cryptomap_30 crypto map FW_Outside_map 30 set peer x.x.x.34 crypto map FW_Outside_map 30 set transform-set SECURE crypto map FW_Outside_map 31 match address outside_31_cryptomap crypto map FW_Outside_map 31 set pfs crypto map FW_Outside_map 31 set peer Cisco-admin-Peer crypto map FW_Outside_map 31 set transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA crypto map FW_Outside_map 32 match address outside_32_cryptomap crypto map FW_Outside_map 32 set pfs crypto map FW_Outside_map 32 set peer HQ-SDSL-Peer crypto map FW_Outside_map 32 set transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA crypto map FW_Outside_map 34 match address outside_cryptomap_34 crypto map FW_Outside_map 34 set peer x.x.x.246 crypto map FW_Outside_map 34 set transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA ESP-AES-192-SHA ESP-AES-256-SHA crypto map FW_Outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dynmap crypto map FW_Outside_map interface outside crypto map FW_outside_map 31 set peer x.x.x.45 crypto isakmp identity address crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 9 webvpn enable outside svc enable group-policy ASA-LAN-VPN internal group-policy ASA_LAN-VPN attributes wins-server value 192.168.x.1 192.168.x.2 dns-server value 192.168.x.1 192.168.x.2 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec svc split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value Split-Tunnel-ACL default-domain value MYdomain username xxxxxxxxxx password privilege 15 tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup ipsec-attributes isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.121 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x..121 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.202 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.202 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.113 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.113 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.205 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.205 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.204 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.204 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive threshold 30 retry 2 tunnel-group x.x.x.212 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.212 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.215 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.215 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.247 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.247 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.170 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.170 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x..8 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.8 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.212 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.212 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.230 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.230 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.24 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.24 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.46 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.46 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.4 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.4 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.110 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.110 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group 78.x.x.110 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group 78.x.x.110 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.47 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.47 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.34 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.34 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x..129 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.129 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.94 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.94 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.40 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.40 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.65 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.65 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.70 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.70 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.134 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.134 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.163 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.163 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.2 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.2 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group ASA-LAN-VPN type remote-access tunnel-group ASA-LAN-VPN general-attributes address-pool RAS-VPN authentication-server-group vpn authentication-server-group (outside) vpn default-group-policy ASA-LAN-VPN tunnel-group ASA-LAN-VPN ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.184 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.184 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.145 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.145 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.75 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.75 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.246 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.246 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * isakmp keepalive disable tunnel-group x.x.x.2 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x..2 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group x.x.x.98 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group x.x.x.98 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * ! ! ! policy-map global_policy description Netflow class class-default flow-export event-type all destination MS-ISA-Server policy-map type inspect dns migrated_dns_map_1 parameters message-length maximum 512 Anyone have a clue because Im on the verge of going postal.....

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  • Which mail clients can give reminders about unresponded emails?

    - by ulidtko
    In my daily e-mail often happens the following scenario: I send somebody an email which describes some problem and requests an action from the recipient. Typically, I wish to ensure that this action was taken, or at least somehow resolved; when this happens, the email recipient should notify me with a response email about what was done, and what was not and why. But, sometimes emails don't get read by the recipient, or he forgets to reply to me. At the same time, I cannot constantly keep in memory the list of all emails for which I was waiting an answer and still didn't receive it. So I wonder, is there in any email client such a feature which would allow me to somehow mark specific outgoing emails as "demanding reply"? The mail client could in this case notify me if any "demanding reply" emails still aren't replied for a long time.

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  • How to not get emails you send on an Microsoft Exchange distribution list?

    - by wojo
    When we used to run our own Exchange server I do not recall getting emails sent back to me that I sent to a distribution list of which I'm a member. However, in our current situation I am getting emails that I sent. Is this standard Exchange behavior? Is there a way to control whether you get your own emails sent back to you when sent to a distribution list that you are on?

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  • How to create a rule for a contact group/distribution list in order to move emails to a certain folder for Outlook 2013?

    - by SNaRe
    I created a rule for a contact group/distribution list in order to move emails to a certain folder. It works without any problems. Let's call this group 'distgroup'. However, for some emails that comes to the group email(distgroup), 'To' and 'From' fields are same as 'From'. Normally 'To' field is supposed to be 'distrgroup'. Because of this, when I cannot run the same rule for this type of emails since group email address is not written in either 'To' or 'From'. It doesn't move that emails to my certain folder. Is there any solutions about it?

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  • Windows Vista: Screen remains darkened for 30-60 seconds *after* UAC prompt

    - by sf2k
    Fixing someone's Vista computer. Process: I click any program or process that opens a User Account Control prompt. Screen goes dim so you may hit Continue to perform a secure user action. I click Continue Screen goes black for 30 seconds to 1 minute while you wait for the screen to return. In another example I click Cancel and screen still then goes black for 30 seconds to a minute. In that timeframe a chime goes off while you wait. (No chime if it was being cancelled.) Then screen comes back to continue with whatever. Something is occurring after the UAC prompt. Considering everything is practically a UAC acceptance this can get pretty annoying pretty quickly. Laptop has external monitor to regular external plug. Works fine. Laptop also has USB IOGEAR additional external video card. This is problematic but when unplugged same above behaviour occurs. I've ruled out monitor interference since same blackout after the UAC prompt appears with external monitors plugged in or when rebooted with no external monitors. Any suggestions on how to address this problem?

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  • C# Secure Sockets (SSL)

    - by Matthias Vance
    LS, I was planning on writing a wrapper around the System.Net.Sockets.Socket class, because I didn't feel like using the SSLStream class because I wanted to maintain backwards compatibility with other programs. I found an article which does exactly what I want, but on Windows Mobile. (Link: Enable SSL for managed socket on windows mobile) Quote: My first surprise was that SetSocketOption takes a SocketOptionName enum value as the second parameter, but this enum doesn’t have the equivalent of SO_SECURE. However, C# was nice enough to let me cast an arbitrary integer value to the enum I needed. I tried to do the same, but it doesn't work. Code: private const ushort SO_SECURE = 0x2001; private const ushort SO_SEC_SSL = 0x2004; this.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket, (SocketOptionName) SO_SECURE, SO_SEC_SSL); Error: An unknown, invalid, or unsupported option or level was specified in a getsockopt or setsockopt call Is there a way to work around this? Kind regards, Matthias Vance

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  • WCF Windows Service Monitor and process emails

    - by acadia
    Hello, I need your suggestions in solving this issue. Here is the requirement. We have a Microsoft Exchange server and we have a service email account [email protected]. We have scanners all owner the company when a user scans a document and email is sent to [email protected] as attachment. Now I need to write a Windows service which needs to monitor that email account and whenever an email is received, read the attachement and store it in the database. My question is, is it possible to do something of this sort? Any suggestions greatly appreciated. Thanks

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  • Contacting Facebook Connect user without asking permission to send emails

    - by CVertex
    Hi, I have a facebook connect installation on ilovefootball.com.au When they log in, we previously didn't ask Users for permission to get their email address, but the owner of the site wished to ask for users email to contact them later. If we didn't ask for their email address, is there a way to contact a Facebook connect user simply by knowing their name and Facebook UID? I'm confused as to which API to use to perform the communication if this possible. Any help is greatly appreciated. -CV

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  • how secure is NSURLConnection over https

    - by drunken_elf
    I've been reading through a number of questions on this site regarding NSURLConnection and https, but most relate to "untrusted" certificates and how to allow them nonetheless. My question is a little more basic. I am building an app for a client who handle online donations, and I would like to load their donation script using an NSLURLRequest and POST the values of credit card details (entered in the app). Does NSURLConnection (when connecting to a https url) ensure the encryption of those details as they are sent to the donation script on my clients server? Sorry if this is a basic question, I just couldn't find a place in the apple docs that guaranteed this.

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  • Unable to send smtp emails in C# with a VMware vm of win 7

    - by Egon
    the VMware is able to ping the gmail server. sample code MailMessage mail = new MailMessage(); SmtpClient SmtpServer = new SmtpClient("smtp.gmail.com"); mail.From = new MailAddress("[email protected]"); mail.To.Add("to"); mail.Subject = "subjct"; mail.Body = "email body!!"; System.Net.Mail.Attachment attachment; attachment = new System.Net.Mail.Attachment("filename.extension"); mail.Attachments.Add(attachment); SmtpServer.Port = 587; SmtpServer.Credentials = new System.Net.NetworkCredential("email id", "password"); SmtpServer.EnableSsl = true; SmtpServer.Send(mail); I have got it has something to do with ports being open on vmware some networking issue, but i just can't put a finger on it. Please let know what it is that i am doing wrong. Thnx - Egon

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  • Include dynamic info in Rails emails

    - by Danny McClelland
    Hi Everyone, I have managed to get my email problem sorted so now everytime a case is created an email goes out to the specified address. I have a usermailer.rb def makeakase(email, name, jobno, casesubject) recipients email from "no-reply@your_rails_app.com" subject "FW: Kase creation from Survey Manager" sent_on Time.now body :name => name end and I have the kases_controller.rb: if @kase.save UserMailer.deliver_makeakase("[email protected]", "Highrise") In the body I would like to use the tags that I use in the kase show view such as: <%=h @kase.jobno %> - <%=h @kase.casesubject %> but they don't work, I get the following error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 4) Any ideas? Thanks, Danny

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  • FB Developer: How do you get emails now?

    - by Faruz
    I'm sure it has already been asked. It's just that every couple of months, facebook changes their APIs and the question becomes new... What is the current way? (I got the user to accept the extended permission thingy). The FB help, claims I have to use getInfo().contact_email which doesn't exist in the .net toolkit.

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  • Secure online registration form to capture credit card info

    - by baraider
    We have used Google form, Wufoo form to try to securely capture the info for IN-HOUSE processing. Google form is unreliable and often blocked behind firm's firewall. Wufoo does not allow storing CC info in their database What is service or other alternative for us to securely store the cc info. The purpose is to have people manually process the registration. Once the payment goes through, we notify the customer and remove the CC info from our database.

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  • Exception during secure communication implementation

    - by Liran
    hi everyone. im trying to implement simple secured client server communiction using WCF. when im launching mt server everty thing is OK , But when im launching my client im getting this error: Error : An error occurred while making the HTTP request to https://localhost:800 0/ExchangeService. This could be due to the fact that the server certificate is not configured properly with HTTP.SYS in the HTTPS case. This could also be caus ed by a mismatch of the security binding between the client and the server. this is the server code : Uri address = new Uri("https://localhost:8000/ExchangeService"); WSHttpBinding binding = new WSHttpBinding(); //Set Binding Params binding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Transport; binding.Security.Transport.ClientCredentialType = HttpClientCredentialType.None; binding.Security.Transport.ProxyCredentialType = HttpProxyCredentialType.None; Type contract = typeof(ExchangeService.ServiceContract.ITradeService); ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(TradeService)); host.AddServiceEndpoint(contract, binding, address); host.Open(); this is the client configuration (app.config): </client> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="TradeWsHttpBinding"> <security mode="Transport"> <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType ="None"/> </security> </binding> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings> the security configuration at both the client and the server are the same , and i dont need certificate for the server in that kind of security (transport) so why do i get this exception ???? thanks...

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  • Secure, simple php faq creating/editing scripts?

    - by Tchalvak
    I'm looking to build a simple site centered around a simple faq system in php. The faq concept is simple, but I want to have an administrative-access backend for editing and creating the entries, and securing a login seems more complex and time-consuming, so I'm looking for suggestions for code to start me off. Does anyone know of any open source php scripts or snippets that would work for administrative login to some php scripts that could be used as a simple faq system? Or both, the faq php code + web administrative access code?

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  • Retrieving WSDL file from secure service

    - by Anonimo
    I have a Web Service developed with JAX-WS. I have secured the web service with BASIC authentication configured in Tomcat. When I try to access the web service using a Java client, I first need to create the port, and then specify the credentials, as follows: CustomerServiceClient customerServiceClient = new CustomerServiceBottomUpService(); //1 CustomerService customer = customerServiceClient.getCustomerServicePort(); //2 Map<String, Object> context = ((BindingProvider) customer).getRequestContext(); //3 context.put(BindingProvider.USERNAME_PROPERTY, "kermit"); //4 context.put(BindingProvider.PASSWORD_PROPERTY, "thefrog"); //5 The problem I have is that, after line 1, I get an Authorization error (HTTP 401) as I obviously haven't provided the server with the credentials yet. I am creating the client artifacts from a server WSDL, hence the authentication problem when creating the service, and don't want my clients to store the WSDL locally as it's just annoying for them. How can I get around this problem?

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  • Is SHA-1 secure for password storage?

    - by Tgr
    Some people throw around remarks like "SHA-1 is broken" a lot, so I'm trying to understand what exactly that means. Let's assume I have a database of SHA-1 password hashes, and an attacker whith a state of the art SHA-1 breaking algorithm and a botnet with 100,000 machines gets access to it. (Having control over 100k home computers would mean they can do about 10^15 operations per second.) How much time would they need to find out the password of any one user? find out the password of a given user? find out the password of all users? find a way to log in as one of the users? find a way to log in as a specific user? How does that change if the passwords are salted? Does the method of salting (prefix, postfix, both, or something more complicated like xor-ing) matter? Here is my current understanding, after some googling. Please correct in the answers if I misunderstood something. If there is no salt, a rainbow attack will immediately find all passwords (except extremely long ones). If there is a sufficiently long random salt, the most effective way to find out the passwords is a brute force or dictionary attack. Neither collision nor preimage attacks are any help in finding out the actual password, so cryptographic attacks against SHA-1 are no help here. It doesn't even matter much what algorithm is used - one could even use MD5 or MD4 and the passwords would be just as safe (there is a slight difference because computing a SHA-1 hash is slower). To evaluate how safe "just as safe" is, let's assume that a single sha1 run takes 1000 operations and passwords contain uppercase, lowercase and digits (that is, 60 characters). That means the attacker can test 1015*60*60*24 / 1000 ~= 1017 potential password a day. For a brute force attack, that would mean testing all passwords up to 9 characters in 3 hours, up to 10 characters in a week, up to 11 characters in a year. (It takes 60 times as much for every additional character.) A dictionary attack is much, much faster (even an attacker with a single computer could pull it off in hours), but only finds weak passwords. To log in as a user, the attacker does not need to find out the exact password; it is enough to find a string that results in the same hash. This is called a first preimage attack. As far as I could find, there are no preimage attacks against SHA-1. (A bruteforce attack would take 2160 operations, which means our theoretical attacker would need 1030 years to pull it off. Limits of theoretical possibility are around 260 operations, at which the attack would take a few years.) There are preimage attacks against reduced versions of SHA-1 with negligible effect (for the reduced SHA-1 which uses 44 steps instead of 80, attack time is down from 2160 operations to 2157). There are collision attacks against SHA-1 which are well within theoretical possibility (the best I found brings the time down from 280 to 252), but those are useless against password hashes, even without salting. In short, storing passwords with SHA-1 seems perfectly safe. Did I miss something?

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  • Which Secure Software Development Practices do you Employ?

    - by Michael Howard-MSFT
    I work on a project known as the Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) project at Microsoft (http://microsoft.com/sdl) - in short it's a set of practices that must be used by product groups before they ship products to help improve security. Over the last couple of years, we have published a great deal of SDL documentation, as customers ask for more information about what we're doing. But what I'd like to know is: 1) What are you doing within your organization to help improve the security of your product? 2) What works? What doesn't work? 3) How did you get management to agree to this work? Thanks.

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  • How can I connect to server using SSL(secure socket layer) on .NET Compact Framework

    - by net
    Hello. I want to change .NET framework v3.5 to .NET compact framework v3.5. But I can't change SSL Stream class to compact framework version. For resolving this problem, I already read some article and msdn library. http://blogs.msdn.com/cgarcia/archive/2009/08/21/enable-ssl-for-managed-socket-on-windows-mobile.aspx http://blogs.msdn.com/cgarcia/archive/2009/08/22/getting-a-managed-socket-to-talk-ssl.aspx http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa916117.aspx but I got an error that is "Unkown error 0x0ffffff", when invoking 'socket.connect(endPoint)' method based on thease article. In order to find the proper method, I try to use TcpClient class. but i can't solve this problem. When I try to connect to server on .NET compact framework, TcpClient class didn't work(Smart Device project and windows ce). As you can see below, I've got the error. In other hand, this code is work on .NET framework(C# console project). I can't understand why this socket can not access to server. Thanks for reading my question.

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  • ASP.NET Emails blocked by Spam filter on Exchange

    - by Amadiere
    I'm trying to send an email via some C# ASP.NET code. This is being sent to our internal mailrelay server, with our standard "from" address (e.g. [email protected]). In some instances, this is getting through OK, in others, it's getting blocked by the Spam Filter. An example of our Web.config <mailSettings> <smtp from="[email protected]"> <network host="mailrelay.domain.com" defaultCredentials="true" /> </smtp> </mailSettings> I've spoken with our Exchange Server team and they inform me that on occasions, our mail looks sufficiently like spam and is automatically blocked. The algorithm appears to be points based and blocks on a score of 45. 20 points are instantly added because our system is not sending the hostname with the domain name suffixed. e.g. the server is hoping for myServerName.domain.com, but despite being part of that domain, the server is sending from myServerName. I've been asked to look at altering the EHLO string that is sent and/or influencing the host so that it is its fully qualified name. However, this makes little sense to me, and although I understand the concept of what I need to change - I don't know where to begin looking for the fix.

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  • Persist header data across reply emails

    - by mickyjtwin
    Am trying to determine the best way to persist information from an originating email, through to a reply back. Essentially, it is to pass a GUID from the original email (c#), whereby when the receiver replies back, that GUID is also sent back for reference. I have tried setting the MessageID, whereby using Outlook, the In-Reply-To value is set with the original ID, however using some webclient email systems, that value is not created on reply. Is there another way to sent this info through email headers?

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  • Address extraction from emails in Java

    - by Hans Klock
    I'm looking for an Java open-source library which is able to extract address information from a (German) email (signature). The library should find name street city, city code/postal code email tel/fax address-parser.com is an commercial product, but an free (albeit simple) library would be great. stackoverflow.com/questions/16413/parse-usable-street-address-city-state-zip-from-a-string is asking for something similar, but my problem is broader because the address information is hidden in a complete email. And there isn't a solution either... Any ideas?

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  • Improve email Delivery Rates

    - by JMC
    I have a web server that sends legitimate transactional email in high quantities. A reasonable percentage of users report that they never receive the emails. For every message sent, there's also a blind carbon copy going to an unfiltered email box on a different provider that I review to ensure the server actually sent the emails. All of the emails make it to my bcc box, so the server is sending the emails properly. It seems to be a spam filtering problem at other email providers. The hosting provider for the web server indicates a reverse dns lookup has been set at their level linking the emails ip address properly to my server and domain. Question: Is there anything else I can do to improve the rate that 3rd party service providers are filtering the emails I'm sending? Is there anything I can set on the DNS that I control to show that the server sending the emails is legitimate?

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  • Secure Webservice (WCF) without storing credentials on consumer application

    - by Pai Gaudêncio
    Howdy folks, I have a customer that sells a lottery analysis application. In this application, he consumes a webservice (my service, I mean, belongs to the company I work for now) to get statistical data about lottery results, bets made, amounts, etc., from all across the globe. The access to this webservice is paid, and each consult costs X credits. Some people have disassembled this lottery application and found the api key/auth key used to access the paid webservice, and started to use it. I would like to prevent this from happening again, but I can't find a way to authenticate on the webservice without storing the auth. keys on the application. Does anyone have any ideas on how to accomplish such task? ps1.Can't ask for the users to input any kind of credentials. Has to be transparent for them (they shouldn't know what is happening). ps2. Can't use digital certificates for the same reason above, not to mention it's easy to retrieve them and we would fall into the original problem. Thanks in advance.

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  • How to implement an email unsubscribe system for a site with many kinds of emails?

    - by Mike Liu
    I'm working on a website that features many different types of emails. Users have accounts, and when logged in they have access to a setting page that they can use to customize what types of emails they receive. However, I'd like to also give users an easy way to unsubscribe directly in the emails they receive. I've looked into list unsubscribe headers as well as creating some type of one click link that would unsubscribe a user from that type of email without requiring login or further action. The later would probably require me to break convention and make changes to the database in response to a GET on the link. However, am I incorrect in thinking that either of these would require me to generate and permanently store a unique identifier in my database for every email I ever send, really complicating email delivery? Without that, I'm not sure how I would be able to uniquely identify a user and a type of email in order to change their email preferences, and this identifier would need to be stored forever as a user could have an email sitting in their inbox for a long time before they decide to act on it. Alternatively, I was considering having a no-login page for managing email preferences. In contrast to above where I would need one of these identifiers for each email, this would only need one identifier per user, with no generation or other action required on sending an email. All of these raise security issues, and they could potentially be used by people to tamper with others' email preferences. This could be mitigated somewhat by ensuring that the identifier is really difficult to guess. For the once per user identifier approach, I was considering generating the identifier by passing a user's ID through some type of encryption algorithm, is this a sound approach? For the per-email identifiers, perhaps I could use a user's ID appended to the time. However, even this would not eliminate the problem entirely, as this would really just be security through obscurity, and anyone with the URL could tamper, and in the end the main defense would have to be that most people aren't so bored as to tamper with other people's email preferences. Are there any other alternatives I've missed, or issues or solutions with these that anyone can provide insight on? What are best practices in this area?

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