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• File descriptor limits and default stack sizes

  - by Charles

  Where I work we build and distribute a library and a couple complex programs built on that library. All code is written in C and is available on most 'standard' systems like Windows, Linux, Aix, Solaris, Darwin. I started in the QA department and while running tests recently I have been reminded several times that I need to remember to set the file descriptor limits and default stack sizes higher or bad things will happen. This is particularly the case with Solaris and now Darwin. Now this is very strange to me because I am a believer in 0 required environment fiddling to make a product work. So I am wondering if there are times where this sort of requirement is a necessary evil, or if we are doing something wrong. Edit: Great comments that describe the problem and a little background. However I do not believe I worded the question well enough. Currently, we require customers, and hence, us the testers, to set these limits before running our code. We do not do this programatically. And this is not a situation where they MIGHT run out, under normal load our programs WILL run out and seg fault. So rewording the question, is requiring the customer to change these ulimit values to run our software to be expected on some platforms, ie, Solaris, Aix, or are we as a company making it to difficult for these users to get going? Bounty: I added a bounty to hopefully get a little more information on what other companies are doing to manage these limits. Can you set these pragmatically? Should we? Should our programs even be hitting these limits or could this be a sign that things might be a bit messy under the covers? That is really what I want to know, as a perfectionist a seemingly dirty program really bugs me.

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• What is the best practice in regards to building composite dtos off of an aggregate root with domain

  - by Chance

  I'm trying to figure out the best approach/practice for assembling a composite data transfer object off of an aggregate root and would love to hear people's thoughts on this. For example, lets say I have a root that has a few domain objects as children. I want to assemble a specific view dto, based on some business logic, that either has attributes or full dto's of it's objects. What I'm struggling with is trying to figure out where that assembly should happen. I can see it going on the domain object of the aggregate root as there is some business logic associated with it. The benefits of this approach from what I've deduced thus far is that it should reduce the inevitable business logic from bleeding outisde of the domain object. It also allows for private methods that take care of tasks that could become more complex from an external builder. The downsides being that the domain object becomes much more entrenched in the application's workflow and represents much more than just the domain object. It also could become very large in the scenario where you need multiple composite Dtos. Alternatively, I could also see it belonging to some form of transfer object assembler where there is a builder for each domain object. The domain objects would still be responsible for GetDto() and UpdateFromDto(dto). Outside of that, the builder would handle the construction and deconstruction of composite dtos. The downside is kind of mentioned above, where I fear this will easily lead to developers unfamiliar with DDD bleeding a ton of business logic into the assembler which is what I want to desperately avoid. Any thoughts would be greatly apperciated.

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• How to change the date/time in Python for all modules?

  - by Felix Schwarz

  When I write with business logic, my code often depends on the current time. For example the algorithm which looks at each unfinished order and checks if an invoice should be sent (which depends on the no of days since the job was ended). In these cases creating an invoice is not triggered by an explicit user action but by a background job. Now this creates a problem for me when it comes to testing: I can test invoice creation itself easily However it is hard to create an order in a test and check that the background job identifies the correct orders at the correct time. So far I found two solutions: In the test setup, calculate the job dates relative to the current date. Downside: The code becomes quite complicated as there are no explicit dates written anymore. Sometimes the business logic is pretty complex for edge cases so it becomes hard to debug due to all these relative dates. I have my own date/time accessor functions which I use throughout my code. In the test I just set a current date and all modules get this date. So I can simulate an order creation in February and check that the invoice is created in April easily. Downside: 3rd party modules do not use this mechanism so it's really hard to integrate+test these. The second approach was way more successful to me after all. Therefore I'm looking for a way to set the time Python's datetime+time modules return. Setting the date is usually enough, I don't need to set the current hour or second (even though this would be nice). Is there such a utility? Is there an (internal) Python API that I can use?

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• Understanding how software testing works and what to test.

  - by RHaguiuda

  Intro: I've seen lots of topics here on SO about software testing and other terms I don't understand. Problem: As a beginner developer I, unfortunately, have no idea how software testing works, not even how to test a simple function. This is a shame, but thats the truth. I also hope this question can help others beginners developers too. Question: Can you help me to understand this subject a little bit more? Maybe some questions to start would help: When I develop a function, how should I test it? For example: when working with a sum function, should I test every input value possible or just some limits? How about testing functions with strings as parameters? In a big program, do I have to test every single piece of code of it? When you guys program do you test every code written? How automated test works and how can I try one? How tools for automated testing works and what they do? I`ve heard about unit testing. Can I have a brief explanation on this? What is a testing framework? If possible please post some code with examples to clarify the ideas. Any help on this topic is very welcome! Thanks.

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• Running an RMI registry on one computer and connecting to it from another

  - by Hippopotamus

  Hello. I am doing a student assignment, using java RMI. I've programmed a simple RMI-server application that provides method which return some strings to the client. When I start the server on localhost and connect to it by client on the same computer, everything goes well. However, I am not able to do this between two computers on home network. The computers both have no trouble of connecting by a simple C program with similar functionality, so I guess the problem is with JVM here. I am binding the class to rmiregistry with try{ ComputeImpl R = new ComputeImpl(); Naming.rebind("rmi://localhost/ComputeService",R); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("Trouble: " +e); } And I'm doing the lookup for RMI registry in the client application with providing the argument while launching the application: StringBuffer rmi_address = new StringBuffer(); rmi_address.append("rmi://").append(args[1]).append("/ComputeService"); Compute R = (Compute) Naming.lookup(rmi_address.toString()); Is the problem with my code or with JVM? Thanks in advance.

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• How safe and reliable are C++ String Literals?

  - by DoctorT

  So, I'm wanting to get a better grasp on how string literals in C++ work. I'm mostly concerned with situations where you're assigning the address of a string literal to a pointer, and passing it around. For example: char* advice = "Don't stick your hands in the toaster."; Now lets say I just pass this string around by copying pointers for the duration of the program. Sure, it's probably not a good idea, but I'm curious what would actually be going on behind the scenes. For another example, let's say we make a function that returns a string literal: char* foo() { // function does does stuff return "Yikes!"; // somebody's feeble attempt at an error message } Now lets say this function is called very often, and the string literal is only used about half the time it's called: // situation #1: it's just randomly called without heed to the return value foo(); // situation #2: the returned string is kept and used for who knows how long char* retVal = foo(); In the first situation, what's actually happening? Is the string just created but not used, and never deallocated? In the second situation, is the string going to be maintained as long as the user finds need for it? What happens when it isn't needed anymore... will that memory be freed up then (assuming nothing points to that space anymore)? Don't get me wrong, I'm not planning on using string literals like this. I'm planning on using a container to keep my strings in check (probably std::string). I'm mostly just wanting to know if these situations could cause problems either for memory management or corrupted data.

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• Endianness and C API's: Specifically OpenSSL.

  - by Hassan Syed

  I have an algorithm that uses the following OpenSSL calls: HMAC_update() / HMAC_final() // ripe160 EVP_CipherUpdate() / EVP_CipherFinal() // cbc_blowfish These algorithm take a unsigned char * into the "plain text". My input data is comes from a C++ std::string::c_str() which originate from a protocol buffer object as a encoded UTF-8 string. UTF-8 strings are meant to be endian neutrial. However I'm a bit paranoid about how OpenSSL may perform operations on the data. My understanding is that encryption algorithms work on 8-bit blocks of data, and if a unsigned char * is used for pointer arithmetic when the operations are performed the algorithms should be endian neutral and I do not need to worry about anything. My uncertainty is compounded by the fact that I am working on a little-endian machine and have never done any real cross-architecture programming. My beliefs/reasoning are/is based on the following two properties std::string (not wstring) internally uses a 8-bit ptr and a the resulting c_str() ptr will itterate the same way regardless of the CPU architecture. Encryption algorithms are either by design, or by implementation, endian neutral. I know the best way to get a definitive answer is to use QEMU and do some cross-platform unit tests (which I plan to do). My question is a request for comments on my reasoning, and perhaps will assist other programmers when faced with similar problems.

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• How do I search & replace all occurrences of a string in a ms word doc with python?

  - by Mark

  Hello there, I am pretty stumped at the moment. Based on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1045628/can-i-use-win32-com-to-replace-text-inside-a-word-document I was able to code a simple template system that generates word docs out of a template word doc (in Python). My problem is that text in "Text Fields" is not find that way. Even in Word itself there is no option to search everything - you actually have to choose between "Main Document" and "Text Fields". Being new to the Windows world I tried to browse the VBA docs for it but found no help (probably due to "text field" being a very common term). word.Documents.Open(f) wdFindContinue = 1 wdReplaceAll = 2 find_str = '\{\{(*)\}\}' find = word.Selection.Find find.Execute(find_str, False, False, True, False, False, \ True, wdFindContinue, False, False, False) while find.Found: t = word.Selection.Text.__str__() r = process_placeholder(t, answer_data, question_data) if type(r) == dict: errors.append(r) else: find.Execute(t, False, True, False, False, False, \ True, False, False, r, wdReplaceAll) This is the relevant portion of my code. I was able to get around all problems by myself by now (hint: if you want to replace strings with more than 256 chars, you have to do it via clipboard, etc ...) Hope, someone can help me.

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• Indexing and Searching Over Word Level Annotation Layers in Lucene

  - by dmcer

  I have a data set with multiple layers of annotation over the underlying text, such as part-of-tags, chunks from a shallow parser, name entities, and others from various natural language processing (NLP) tools. For a sentence like The man went to the store, the annotations might look like: Word POS Chunk NER ==== === ===== ======== The DT NP Person man NN NP Person went VBD VP - to TO PP - the DT NP Location store NN NP Location I'd like to index a bunch of documents with annotations like these using Lucene and then perform searches across the different layers. An example of a simple query would be to retrieve all documents where Washington is tagged as a person. While I'm not absolutely committed to the notation, syntactically end-users might enter the query as follows: Query: Word=Washington,NER=Person I'd also like to do more complex queries involving the sequential order of annotations across different layers, e.g. find all the documents where there's a word tagged person followed by the words arrived at followed by a word tagged location. Such a query might look like: Query: "NER=Person Word=arrived Word=at NER=Location" What's a good way to go about approaching this with Lucene? Is there anyway to index and search over document fields that contain structured tokens?

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• Sending buffered images between Java client and Twisted Python socket server

  - by PattimusPrime

  I have a server-side function that draws an image with the Python Imaging Library. The Java client requests an image, which is returned via socket and converted to a BufferedImage. I prefix the data with the size of the image to be sent, followed by a CR. I then read this number of bytes from the socket input stream and attempt to use ImageIO to convert to a BufferedImage. In abbreviated code for the client: public String writeAndReadSocket(String request) { // Write text to the socket BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())); bufferedWriter.write(request); bufferedWriter.flush(); // Read text from the socket BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); // Read the prefixed size int size = Integer.parseInt(bufferedReader.readLine()); // Get that many bytes from the stream char[] buf = new char[size]; bufferedReader.read(buf, 0, size); return new String(buf); } public BufferedImage stringToBufferedImage(String imageBytes) { return ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(s.getBytes())); } and the server: # Twisted server code here # The analog of the following method is called with the proper client # request and the result is written to the socket. def worker_thread(): img = draw_function() buf = StringIO.StringIO() img.save(buf, format="PNG") img_string = buf.getvalue() return "%i\r%s" % (sys.getsizeof(img_string), img_string) This works for sending and receiving Strings, but image conversion (usually) fails. I'm trying to understand why the images are not being read properly. My best guess is that the client is not reading the proper number of bytes, but I honestly don't know why that would be the case. Side notes: I realize that the char[]-to-String-to-bytes-to-BufferedImage Java logic is roundabout, but reading the bytestream directly produces the same errors. I have a version of this working where the client socket isn't persistent, ie. the request is processed and the connection is dropped. That version works fine, as I don't need to care about the image size, but I want to learn why the proposed approach doesn't work.

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• Java: Generics, Class.isaAssignableFrom, and type casting

  - by bguiz

  This method that uses method-level generics, that parses the values from a custom POJO, JXlistOfKeyValuePairs (which is exactly that). The only thing is that both the keys and values in JXlistOfKeyValuePairs are Strings. This method wants to taken in, in addition to the JXlistOfKeyValuePairs instance, a Class<T> that defines which data type to convert the values to (assume that only Boolean, Integer and Float are possible). It then outputs a HashMap with the specified type for the values in its entries. This is the code that I have got, and it is obviously broken. private <T extends Object> Map<String, T> fromListOfKeyValuePairs(JXlistOfKeyValuePairs jxval, Class<T> clasz) { Map<String, T> val = new HashMap<String, T>(); List<Entry> jxents = jxval.getEntry(); T value; String str; for (Entry jxent : jxents) { str = jxent.getValue(); value = null; if (clasz.isAssignableFrom(Boolean.class)) { value = (T)(Boolean.parseBoolean(str)); } else if (clasz.isAssignableFrom(Integer.class)) { value = (T)(Integer.parseInt(str)); } else if (clasz.isAssignableFrom(Float.class)) { value = (T)(Float.parseFloat(str)); } else { logger.warn("Unsupporteded value type encountered in key-value pairs, continuing anyway: " + clasz.getName()); } val.put(jxent.getKey(), value); } return val; } This is the bit that I want to solve: if (clasz.isAssignableFrom(Boolean.class)) { value = (T)(Boolean.parseBoolean(str)); } else if (clasz.isAssignableFrom(Integer.class)) { value = (T)(Integer.parseInt(str)); } I get: Inconvertible types required: T found: Boolean Also, if possible, I would like to be able to do this with more elegant code, avoiding Class#isAssignableFrom. Any suggestions? Sample method invocation: Map<String, Boolean> foo = fromListOfKeyValuePairs(bar, Boolean.class);

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• Entity Framework and associations between string keys

  - by fredrik

  Hi, I am new to Entity Framework, and ORM's for that mather. In the project that I'm involed in we have a legacy database, with all its keys as strings, case-insensitive. We are converting to MSSQL and want to use EF as ORM, but have run in to a problem. Here is an example that illustrates our problem: TableA has a primary string key, TableB has a reference to this primary key. In LINQ we write something like: var result = from t in context.TableB select t.TableA; foreach( var r in result ) Console.WriteLine( r.someFieldInTableA ); if TableA contains a primary key that reads "A", and TableB contains two rows that references TableA but with different cases in the referenceing field, "a" and "A". In our project we want both of the rows to endup in the result, but only the one with the matching case will end up there. Using the SQL Profiler, I have noticed that both of the rows are selected. Is there a way to tell Entity Framework that the keys are case insensitive? Edit:We have now tested this with NHibernate and come to the conclution that NHibernate works with case-insensitive keys. So NHibernate might be a better choice for us.I am however still interested in finding out if there is any way to change the behaviour of Entity Framework.

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• How to get to the key name of a referenced entity property from an entity instance without a datastore read in google app engine?

  - by Sumeet Pareek

  Consider I have the following models - class Team(db.Model): # say I have just 5 teams name = db.StringProperty() class Player(db.Model): # say I have thousands of players name = db.StringProperty() team = db.ReferenceProperty(Team, collection_name="player_set") Key name for each Team entity = 'team_' , and for each Player entity = 'player_' By some prior arrangement I have a Team entity's (key_name, name) mapping available to me. For example (team_01, United States Of America), (team_02, Russia) etc I have to show all the players and their teams on a page. One way of doing this would be - players = Player.all().fetch(1000) # This is 1 DB read for player in players: # This will iterate 1000 times self.response.out.write(player.name) # This is obviously not a DB read self.response.out.write(player.team.name) #This is a total of 1x1000 = 1000 DB reads That is a 1001 DB reads for a silly thing. The interesting part is that when I do a db.to_dict() on players, it shows that for every player in that list there is 'name' of the player and there is the 'key_name' of the team available too. So how can I do the below ?? players = Player.all().fetch(1000) # This is 1 DB read for player in players: # This will iterate 1000 times self.response.out.write(player.name) # This is obviously not a DB read self.response.out.write(team_list[player.<SOME WAY OF GETTING TEAM KEY NAME>]) # Here 'team_list' already has (key_name, name) for all 5 teams I have been struggling with this for a long time. Have read every available documentation. I could just hug the person that can help me here :-) Disclaimer: The above problem description is not a real scenario. It is a simplified arrangement that represents my problem exactly. I have run into it in a rater complex and big GAE appication.

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• How to detect a gamepad button press on OSX 10.5 and higher?

  - by Steph Thirion

  How do I detect a button press on a USB gamepad on OSX 10.5 and higher? I can't wrap my head around the ridiculously complex HID Manager (even though apparently it was simplified with 10.5), and the code samples at Apple have thousands of lines of code that would take days to understand and isolate what I need, so I'd appreciate if someone posts a simple, and fully coded solution for this isolated problem. EDIT: so far all answers are links to source code or semi obscure libraries for all kinds of HID devices, which will require more research time than what I'd like to invest on this. I am starting a bounty to get an actual snippet of code that solves this simple problem (using an external library or not). EDIT POS BOUNTY: thanks to all for you help; but unfortunately the answer that has been automatically selected by the system is not working for me, can't figure out why; and the author has not yet replied to my comments. Any insight would be appreciated, but until a fix is found, anyone looking for resources on this topic should take this answer with a pinch of salt.

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• Java: Ignoring escapes when parsing XML

  - by Personman

  I'm using a DocumentBuilder to parse XML files. However, the specification for the project requires that within text nodes, strings like " and < be returned literally, and not turned into the corresponding ASCII values. A previous similar question, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1979785/read-escaped-quote-as-escaped-quote-from-xml, received one answer that seems to be specific to Apache, and another that appears to simply not not do what it says it does. I'd love to be proven wrong on either count, however :) For reference, here is some code: file = new File(fileName); DocBderFac = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocBder = DocBderFac.newDocumentBuilder(); doc = DocBder.parse(file); NodeList textElmntLst = doc.getElementsByTagName(text); Element textElmnt = (Element) textElmntLst.item(0); NodeList txts = textElmnt.getChildNodes(); String txt = ((Node) txts.item(0)).getNodeValue(); System.out.println(txt); I would like that println() to produce things like &quot;3&gt;2&quot; instead of "3>2" which is what currently happens. Thanks!

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• about c# OBJECTS and the Possibilties it has.

  - by user527825

  As a novice programmer and i always wonder about c# capabilities.i know it is still early to judge that but all i want to know is can c# do complex stuffs or something outside windows OS. 1- I think c# is a proprietary language (i don't know if i said that right) meaning you can't do it outside visual studio or windows. 2-also you cant create your own controller(called object right?) like you are forced to use these available in toolbox and their properties and methods. 3-can c# be used with openGL API or DirectX API . 4-Finally it always bothers me when i think i start doing things in visual studio, i know it sounds arrogant to say but sometimes i feel that i don't like to be forced to use something even if its helpful, like i feel (do i have the right to feel?) that i want to do all things by myself? don't laugh i just feel that this will give me a better understanding. 5- is visual c# is like using MaxScript inside 3ds max in that c# is exclusive to do windows and forms and components that are windows related and maxscript is only for 3d editing and manipulation for various things in the software. If it is too difficult for a beginner i hope you don't answer the fourth question as i don't have enough motivation and i want to keep the little i have. thank you for your time. Note: 1-sorry for my English, i am self taught and never used the language with native speakers so expect so errors. 2-i have a lot of questions regarding many things, what is the daily ratio you think for asking (number of questions) that would not bother the admins of the site and the members here. thank you for your time.

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• What file format can I use to output a formatted text file straight from a program without having the markup be too complicated?

  - by Matt

  Premise: I am parsing a file that is quite nearly XML, but not quite. From this file I would like to extract data and output in a file that a user could open up in some program and read. To make the data reasonable, I would almost certainly need to format the text. In case it matters, I will probably be using Java to write the program. Problem: I cannot find a file format that supports formatting without having terribly complex rules and encoding problems. Attempts: I looked into a basic .txt extension first, but it does not have enough formatting advantage. I then tried a .rtf extension, but the rules for outputting text seem to be terribly complicated. It was then suggested that I used XML, but I do not understand how this file would be viewed. This appears to be probably the best solution, but I don't understand much about it. Perhaps somebody could shed some light here. In Other Words: Could somebody suggest and easy to use file format and/or shed some light on how to use XML for text formatting and viewing?

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• Handling user interface in a multi-threaded application (or being forced to have a UI-only main thre

  - by Patrick

  In my application, I have a 'logging' window, which shows all the logging, warnings, errors of the application. Last year my application was still single-threaded so this worked [quite] good. Now I am introducing multithreading. I quickly noticed that it's not a good idea to update the logging window from different threads. Reading some articles on keeping the UI in the main thread, I made a communication buffer, in which the other threads are adding their logging messages, and from which the main thread takes the messages and shows them in the logging window (this is done in the message loop). Now, in a part of my application, the memory usage increases dramatically, because the separate threads are generating lots of logging messages, and the main thread cannot empty the communication buffer quickly enough. After the while the memory decreases again (if the other threads have finished their work and the main thread gradually empties the communication buffer). I solved this problem by having a maximum size on the communication buffer, but then I run into a problem in the following situation: the main thread has to perform a complex action the main thread takes some parts of the action and let's separate threads execute this while the seperate threads are executing their logic, the main thread processes the results from the other threads and continues with its work if the other threads are finished Problem is that in this situation, if the other threads perform logging, there is no UI-message loop, and so the communication buffer is filled, but not emptied. I see two solutions in solving this problem: require the main thread to do regular polling of the communication buffer only performing user interface logic in the main thread (no other logic) I think the second solution seems the best, but this may not that easy to introduce in a big application (in my case it performs mathematical simulations). Are there any other solutions or tips? Or is one of the two proposed the best, easiest, most-pragmatic solution? Thanks, Patrick

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• Best practice to create WPF wrapper application displaying screens on demand.

  - by Robbie

  Context: I'm developing a WPF application which will contain a lot of different "screens". Each screen contains a which on its turn contains all the visual elements. Some elements trigger events (e.g., checkboxes), a screen has individual resources, etc. The main application is "wrapper" around these screens: it contains a menubar, toolbar, statusbar and alike (in a DockPanel) and space to display one screen. Through the menubar, the user can choose which screen he wants to display. Goal: I want to dynamically load & display & (event)handle one screen in the space in the main application. I don't want to copy & paste all the "wrapper" stuff in all the different screens. And As I have many complex screens (around 300 - luckily auto-generated), I don't want to load all of them at the start of the application, but only upon request. Question: What do you recommend as the best way to realize this? What kind of things should I use and investigate: Pages or windows or User Control for the screens? Does this affect the event handling?

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• How to make a calculator in PHP?

  - by Giulio Muscarello

  I want to use PHP to calculate simple algebraic expressions like, 8*(5+1), entered via an <input> tag by a normal user (which means, normal notation: no syntax changes like Multiply(8, Add(5, 1))). Also, it has to show all steps, but that's not hard. The problem, right now, is calculating the value of the expressions. Note: this is what I thought so far, which is quite inefficient but it's a provisory solution. Just replace strings where possible: in our example, recognize the string 5+1 and replace it with 6. Then, loop again, replace (6) with 6, loop again, and replace 8*6 with 48. The code for multiplying, for example, should look like this: for ($a=1; $a < 1000; $a++) { for ($b=1; $b < 1000; $b++) { string_replace($a . '*' . $b, $a*$b, $string); } }

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• How to filter Many2Many / Generic Relations properly with Q?

  - by HWM-Rocker

  Hi, I have 3 Models, the TaggedObject has a GenericRelation with the ObjectTagBridge. And the ObjectTagBridge has a ForeignKey to the Tag Model. class TaggedObject(models.Model): """ class that represent a tagged object """ tags = generic.GenericRelation('ObjectTagBridge', blank=True, null=True) class ObjectTagBridge(models.Model): """ Help to connect a generic object to a Tag. """ # pylint: disable-msg=W0232,R0903 content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') tag = models.ForeignKey('Tag') class Tag(models.Model): ... when I am attaching a Tag to an Object, I am creating a new ObjectTagBridge and set its ForeignKey tag to the Tag I want to attach. That is working fine, and I can get all Tags that I attached to my Object very easy. But when I want to get (filter) all Objects that have Tag1 and Tag2 I tried to something like this: query = Q(tags__tag=Tag1) & Q(tags__tag=Tag2) object_list = TaggedObjects.filter(query) but now my object_list is empty, because it is looking for TaggedObjects that have one ObjectTagBridge with 2 tag objects, the first with Tag1 and the second with Tag2. I my application will be more complex Q queries than this one, so I think I need a solution with this Q object. In fact any combination of binary conjunctions, like: (...) and ( (...) or not(...)) How can I filter this correctly? Every answer is welcome, maybe there is also a different way do achieve this. thx for your help!!!

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• Create new or update existing entity at one go with JPA

  - by Alex R

  A have a JPA entity that has timestamp field and is distinguished by a complex identifier field. What I need is to update timestamp in an entity that has already been stored, otherwise create and store new entity with the current timestamp. As it turns out the task is not as simple as it seems from the first sight. The problem is that in concurrent environment I get nasty "Unique index or primary key violation" exception. Here's my code: // Load existing entity, if any. Entity e = entityManager.find(Entity.class, id); if (e == null) { // Could not find entity with the specified id in the database, so create new one. e = entityManager.merge(new Entity(id)); } // Set current time... e.setTimestamp(new Date()); // ...and finally save entity. entityManager.flush(); Please note that in this example entity identifier is not generated on insert, it is known in advance. When two or more of threads run this block of code in parallel, they may simultaneously get null from entityManager.find(Entity.class, id) method call, so they will attempt to save two or more entities at the same time, with the same identifier resulting in error. I think that there are few solutions to the problem. Sure I could synchronize this code block with a global lock to prevent concurrent access to the database, but would it be the most efficient way? Some databases support very handy MERGE statement that updates existing or creates new row if none exists. But I doubt that OpenJPA (JPA implementation of my choice) supports it. Event if JPA does not support SQL MERGE, I can always fall back to plain old JDBC and do whatever I want with the database. But I don't want to leave comfortable API and mess with hairy JDBC+SQL combination. There is a magic trick to fix it using standard JPA API only, but I don't know it yet. Please help.

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• UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character [...]

  - by user1461135

  I have read the HOWTO on Unicode from the official docs and a full, very detailed article as well. Still I don't get it why it throws me this error. Here is what I attempt: I open an XML file that contains chars out of ASCII range (but inside allowed XML range). I do that with cfg = codecs.open(filename, encoding='utf-8, mode='r') which runs fine. Looking at the string with repr() also shows me a unicode string. Now I go ahead and read that with parseString(cfg.read().encode('utf-8'). Of course, my XML file starts with this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>. Although I suppose it is not relevant, I also defined utf-8 for my python script, but since I am not writing unicode characters directly in it, this should not apply here. Same for the following line: from __future__ import unicode_literals which also is right at the beginning. Next thing I pass the generated Object to my own class where I read tags into variables like this: xmldata.getElementsByTagName(tagName)[0].firstChild.data and assign it to a variable in my class. Now what perfectly works are those commands (obj is an instance of the class): for element in obj: print element And this command does work as well: print obj.__repr__() I defined __iter__() to just yield every variable while __repr__() uses the typical printf stuff: "%s" % self.varname Both commands print perfectly and can output the unicode character. What does not work is this: print obj And now I am stuck because this throws the dreaded UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xfc' in position 47: So what am I missing? What am I doing wrong? I am looking for a general solution, I always want to handle strings as unicode, just to avoid any possible errors and write a compatible program. Edit: I also defined this: def __str__(self): return self.__repr__() def __unicode__(self): return self.__repr__() From documentation I got that this

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• Android: onListItemClick not opening up the .xml file

  - by Capsud

  Hi, public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) { if(position == 0){ setContentView(R.layout.cuisine); } } I have an array of Strings and i'm using the above method to try and open up a new xml file called 'cuisine' when it is clicked. but it keeps failing! Have I done this right, or what am I doing wrong? Thanks. Ok from looking at similar problems on the web, people have said to get the onListItemClick() to start a new activity and using that new activity to then open up the new view? So what i've done is this... protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) { Intent dundrumIntent = new Intent(v.getContext(), DundrumSelector.class); dundrumIntent.putExtra("position", position); startActivityForResult(dundrumIntent, 0); } and then import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; public class DundrumSelector extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); int position = getIntent().getExtras().getInt("position"); if(position == 0){ setContentView(R.layout.cuisine); } } } Yet i'm still getting the same problem. The program crashes when I click on an item in the listView. And yes i've added the activity to the manifest. Does anyone have a resolution to this as alot of people seem to be having the same problem. Thanks alot.

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• Python: Created nested dictionary from list of paths

  - by sberry2A

  I have a list of tuples the looks similar to this (simplified here, there are over 14,000 of these tuples with more complicated paths than Obj.part) [ (Obj1.part1, {<SPEC>}), (Obj1.partN, {<SPEC>}), (ObjK.partN, {<SPEC>}) ] Where Obj goes from 1 - 1000, part from 0 - 2000. These "keys" all have a dictionary of specs associated with them which act as a lookup reference for inspecting another binary file. The specs dict contains information such as the bit offset, bit size, and C type of the data pointed to by the path ObjK.partN. For example: Obj4.part500 might have this spec, {'size':32, 'offset':128, 'type':'int'} which would let me know that to access Obj4.part500 in the binary file I must unpack 32 bits from offset 128. So, now I want to take my list of strings and create a nested dictionary which in the simplified case will look like this data = { 'Obj1' : {'part1':{spec}, 'partN':{spec} }, 'ObjK' : {'part1':{spec}, 'partN':{spec} } } To do this I am currently doing two things, 1. I am using a dotdict class to be able to use dot notation for dictionary get / set. That class looks like this: class dotdict(dict): def __getattr__(self, attr): return self.get(attr, None) __setattr__ = dict.__setitem__ __delattr__ = dict.__delitem__ The method for creating the nested "dotdict"s looks like this: def addPath(self, spec, parts, base): if len(parts) > 1: item = base.setdefault(parts[0], dotdict()) self.addPath(spec, parts[1:], item) else: item = base.setdefault(parts[0], spec) return base Then I just do something like: for path, spec in paths: self.lookup = dotdict() self.addPath(spec, path.split("."), self.lookup) So, in the end self.lookup.Obj4.part500 points to the spec. Is there a better (more pythonic) way to do this?

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