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  • urgent..haskell mini interpreter

    - by mohamed elshikh
    i'm asked to implement this project and i have problems in part b which is the eval function this is the full describtion of the project You are required to implement an interpreter for mini-Haskell language. An interpreter is dened in Wikipedia as a computer program that executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming language. The interpreter should be able to evaluate functions written in a special notation, which you will dene. A function is dened by: Function name Input Parameters : dened as a list of variables. The body of the function. The body of the function can be any of the following statements: a) Variable: The function may return any of the input variables. b) Arithmetic Expressions: The arithmetic expressions include input variables and addition, sub- traction, multiplication, division and modulus operations on arithmetic expressions. c) Boolean Expressions: The Boolean expressions include the ordering of arithmetic expressions (applying the relationships: <, =<, , = or =) and the anding, oring and negation of Boolean expressions. d) If-then-else statements: where the if keyword is followed by a Boolean expression. The then and else parts may be followed by any of the statements described here. e) Guarded expressions: where each case consists of a boolean expression and any of the statements described here. The expression consists of any number of cases. The rst case whose condition is true, its body should be evaluated. The guarded expression has to terminate with an otherwise case. f) Function calls: the body of the function may have a call to another function. Note that all inputs passed to the function will be of type Int. The output of the function can be of type Int or Bool. To implement the interpreter, you are required to implement the following: a) Dene a datatype for the following expressions: Variables Arithmetic expressions Boolean expressions If-then-else statements Guarded expressions Functions b) Implement the function eval which evaluates a function. It takes 3 inputs: The name of a function to be evaluated represented as a string. A list of inputs to that function. The arguments will always be of datatype Int. A list of functions. Each function is represented as instance of the datatype that you have created for functions. c) Implement the function get_type that returns the type of the function (as a string). The input to this function is the same as in part b. here is what i've done data Variable = v(char) data Arth= va Variable | Add Arth Arth | Sub Arth Arth | Times Arth Arth | Divide Arth Arth data Bol= Great Arth Arth | Small Arth Arth | Geq Arth Arth | Seq Arth Arth | And Bol Bol | Or Bol Bol | Neg Bol data Cond = data Guard = data Fun =cons String [Variable] Body data Body= bodycons(String) |Bol |Cond |Guard |Arth

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  • Parallel software?

    - by mavric
    What is the meaning of "parallel software" and what are the differences between "parallel software" and "regular software"? What are its advantages and disadvantages? Does writing "parallel software" require a specific hardware or programming language ?

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  • protected internal

    - by adfs
    The C# Language Reference on MSDN defines that protected internal as "Access is limited to the current assembly or types derived from the containing class". But from the semantic point of protected internal" sounds to me like both protected and internal which means the member will accessible only to those derived classes with in the same assembly. Is there any access modified that has a meaning to the same effect?

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  • Twitter API question

    - by Morano88
    I have a question regarding Twitter API. I came across something called "Parameters and Values" in the API console here : http://dev.twitter.com/console. What can I put here ? I want to filter the response of public statuses to only those have the Hashtag #Give .. Can I do that from here ? What language should I use here ?

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  • setting the datetime in jquery datetime picker with database datetime.

    - by sagar
    hi,i am developing a multi language site.My problem is i need to set the date and time in the datepicker from the database as the user may have choose the different timezone while registering in the site.At present i am getting the server time on my jquery datepicker. Thanks in advance. Technology used:Asp.net mvc,Jquery. Database:Sql server2005. O/s :winxp.

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  • Is there an open source immutable dictionary for C#, with fast 'With/Without' methods?

    - by Strilanc
    I'm looking for a proper C# immutable dictionary, with fast update methods (that create a partial copy of the dictionary with slight changes). I've implemented one myself, using zippers to update a red-black tree, but it's not particularly fast. By 'immutable dictionary' I don't just mean readonly or const. I want something that has reasonably fast 'With' and 'Without', or equivalent, methods that return a thing with slight modifications without modifying the original. An example from another language is map in Scala

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  • Documentation String Stub, Python

    - by Andres Orozco
    Well i'm learning Python cuz' i think is an awesome and powerful language like C++, perl or C# but is really really easy at same time. I'm using JetBrains' Pycharm and when i define a function it ask me to add a "Documentation String Stub" when i click yes it adds somethin like this: """ """ so the full code of the function is something like this: def otherFunction(h, w): """ """ hello = h world = w full_word = h + ' ' + w return full_word I would like to know what these (""" """) symbols means, Thanks. Ps.Data: Sorry for my bad english :D

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  • Why does Go compile quickly?

    - by Evan Kroske
    I've Googled and poked around the Go website, but I can't seem to find an explanation for Go's extraordinary build times. Are they products of the language features (or lack thereof), a highly optimized compiler, or something else? I'm not trying to promote Go; I'm just curious.

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  • Suggest a good book for Quantitative Methods & R Programming

    - by Rahul
    Hi folks, Please suggest a good book for beginner in Quantitative Methods/Techniques. Adding to this, a good book for beginners in R programming language, used in Quantitative Methods. And I've a few questions about this: ? Should I have to learn the other subjects like Probability, Statics, etc. before learning Quantitative Methods ? Is there any relation between Quantitative Methods & Data Mining

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  • How to filter a list in J?

    - by Gregory Higley
    I'm currently learning the fascinating J programming language, but one thing I have not been able to figure out is how to filter a list. Suppose I have the arbitrary list 3 2 2 7 7 2 9 and I want to remove the 2s but leave everything else unchanged, i.e., my result would be 3 7 7 9. How on earth do I do this?

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  • Python integer incrementing with ++

    - by Znarkus
    I've always laughed to myself when I looked back at my VB6 days, "What modern language doesn't allow incrementing with double plus signs?": number++ To my surprise I can't find anything about this in the Python docs. Must I really subject myself to number = number + 1? Doesn't people use the ++/-- notation? :-(

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  • how can i show multipoint toolbox

    - by mariam
    Hi all I am new to c# language and i need help from you, i downloaded the multipoint SDK when i saw the tutorial video i noticed that the multipoint toolbox doesn't appear in left of screen? how can i do it .... please i really need your help in this beacuse I am using it for my graducation project and i got really interseted in this software please help me and i really appreciate your help thanks in advance Mariam

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  • On what platform did these popular programming languages originate?

    - by speciousfool
    Perhaps you know the story of HTTP and HTML being developed on a NeXT computer. I am curious which platform served as the first home for these programming languages: Ada C C++ C# D Erlang Fortran Haskell Java Javascript Lisp Logo MATLAB ML Perl PHP Prolog Python R Ruby Scheme SQL Smalltalk I thought it might be interesting to reflect on how the machine and operating environment lead to different design decisions. Or to see if some architecture or operating system variant was particularly fruitful for programming language development. A question for the historians among us.

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  • running same query in different databases

    - by user316833
    I wrote a query that I want to run in several access databases. I have 1000+ access databases with the same tables (same names, same fields). So far, I have been manually copying this query from a txt file to the sql view in the access query design screen for each database and then run it. I did not need to change the query language - everything is the same for the 1000 databases. Is there a way to automate this?

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  • simple IDE in C,link my program to gcc

    - by Moein Hoseini Manesh
    hi my friends, I wanna to write simple C compiler,I wrote some parts of it it can check synetic of C,now I need to link my program to gcc how can I do it? I wanna to link it,for example when user open file in my programm,gcc compile it and save it where the user want. now I don't now how to say gcc to complie this file,show error and ... [english is not my mother language,and my english is not so well,so I apologize for any mistake in my post or If I can't reached my mean]

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  • Jumping into argv?

    - by jth
    Hi, I`am experimenting with shellcode and stumbled upon the nop-slide technique. I wrote a little tool that takes buffer-size as a parameter and constructs a buffer like this: [ NOP | SC | RET ], with NOP taking half of the buffer, followed by the shellcode and the rest filled with the (guessed) return address. Its very similar to the tool aleph1 described in his famous paper. My vulnerable test-app is the same as in his paper: int main(int argc, char **argv) { char little_array[512]; if(argc>1) strcpy(little_array,argv[1]); return 0; } I tested it and well, it works: jth@insecure:~/no_nx_no_aslr$ ./victim $(./exploit 604 0) $ exit But honestly, I have no idea why. Okay, the saved eip was overwritten as intended, but instead of jumping somewhere into the buffer, it jumped into argv, I think. gdb showed up the following addresses before strcpy() was called: (gdb) i f Stack level 0, frame at 0xbffff1f0: eip = 0x80483ed in main (victim.c:7); saved eip 0x154b56 source language c. Arglist at 0xbffff1e8, args: argc=2, argv=0xbffff294 Locals at 0xbffff1e8, Previous frame's sp is 0xbffff1f0 Saved registers: ebp at 0xbffff1e8, eip at 0xbffff1ec Address of little_array: (gdb) print &little_array[0] $1 = 0xbfffefe8 "\020" After strcpy(): (gdb) i f Stack level 0, frame at 0xbffff1f0: eip = 0x804840d in main (victim.c:10); saved eip 0xbffff458 source language c. Arglist at 0xbffff1e8, args: argc=-1073744808, argv=0xbffff458 Locals at 0xbffff1e8, Previous frame's sp is 0xbffff1f0 Saved registers: ebp at 0xbffff1e8, eip at 0xbffff1ec So, what happened here? I used a 604 byte buffer to overflow little_array, so he certainly overwrote saved ebp, saved eip and argc and also argv with the guessed address 0xbffff458. Then, after returning, EIP pointed at 0xbffff458. But little_buffer resides at 0xbfffefe8, that`s a difference of 1136 byte, so he certainly isn't executing little_array. I followed execution with the stepi command and well, at 0xbffff458 and onwards, he executes NOPs and reaches the shellcode. I'am not quite sure why this is happening. First of all, am I correct that he executes my shellcode in argv, not little_array? And where does the loader(?) place argv onto the stack? I thought it follows immediately after argc, but between argc and 0xbffff458, there is a gap of 620 bytes. How is it possible that he successfully "lands" in the NOP-Pad at Address 0xbffff458, which is way above the saved eip at 0xbffff1ec? Can someone clarify this? I have actually no idea why this is working. My test-machine is an Ubuntu 9.10 32-Bit Machine without ASLR. victim has an executable stack, set with execstack -s. Thanks in advance.

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  • PHP apache_request_headers() diagrees with reality (as confirmed by Firebug): why?

    - by Peter Howe
    I have written a web app in PHP which makes use of Ajax requests (made using YUI.util.Connect.asyncRequest). Most of the time, this works fine. The request is sent with an X-Requested-With value of XMLHttpRequest. My PHP controller code uses apache_request_headers() to check whether an incoming request is Ajax or not and all works well. But not always. Intermittently, I'm getting a situation where the Ajax request is sent (and Firebug confirms for me that the headers on the request include an X-Requested-With of XMLHttpRequest) but apache_request_headers() is not returning that header in its list. The output from when I var_dump the apache_request_headers() is as follows (note the lack of X- 'Host' => string 'peterh.labs.example.com' (length=26) 'User-Agent' => string 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-GB; rv:1.9.0.3) Gecko/2008101315 Ubuntu/8.10 (intrepid) Firefox/3.0.3' (length=105) 'Accept' => string 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8' (length=63) 'Accept-Language' => string 'en-gb,en;q=0.5' (length=14) 'Accept-Encoding' => string 'gzip,deflate' (length=12) 'Accept-Charset' => string 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7' (length=30) 'Keep-Alive' => string '300' (length=3) 'Connection' => string 'keep-alive' (length=10) 'Referer' => string 'http://peterh.labs.example.com/qmail/' (length=40) 'Cookie' => string 'WORKFLOW_SESSION=55f9aff2051746851de453c1f776ad10745354f6' (length=57) 'Pragma' => string 'no-cache' (length=8) 'Cache-Control' => string 'no-cache' (length=8) But Firebug tells me: Request Headers: Host peterh.labs.example.com User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-GB; rv:1.9.0.3) Gecko/2008101315 Ubuntu/8.10 (intrepid) Firefox/3.0.3 Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,**;q=0.8 Accept-Language en-gb,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive 300 Connection keep-alive X-Requested-With XMLHttpRequest Referer http://peterh.labs.example.com/qmail/ Cookie WORKFLOW_SESSION=55f9aff2051746851de453c1f776ad10745354f6 This mismatch is (apparently) intermittent when executing the same code. But I don't believe in "intermittent" when it comes to software! Help!

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  • How can I declare a pointer structure?

    - by Y_Y
    This probably is one of the easiest questions ever in C programming language... I have the following code: typedef struct node { int data; struct node * after; struct node * before; }node; struct node head = {10,&head,&head}; Is there a way I can make head to be *head [make it a pointer] and still have the availability to use '{ }' [{10,&head,&head}] to declare an instance of head?

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