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  • Purpose of singletons in programming

    - by thecoshman
    This is admittedly a rather loose question. My current understanding of singletons is that they are a class that you set up in such a way that only one instance is ever created. This sounds a lot like a static class to me. The main differnce being that with a static class you don't / can't instance it, you just use it such as Math.pi(). With a singletong class, you would still need to do something like singleton mySingleton = new singleton(); mysingleton.set_name("foo"); singleton otherSingleton = new singleton(); // correct me if i am wrong, but mysingleton == othersingleton right now, yes? // this the following should happen? otherSingleston.set_name("bar"); mysingleton.report_name(); // will output "bar" won't it? Please note, I am asking this language independently, more about the concept. So I am not so worried about actually how to coed such a class, but more why you would wan't to and what thing you would need to consider.

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  • Word frequency tally script is too slow

    - by Dave Jarvis
    Background Created a script to count the frequency of words in a plain text file. The script performs the following steps: Count the frequency of words from a corpus. Retain each word in the corpus found in a dictionary. Create a comma-separated file of the frequencies. The script is at: http://pastebin.com/VAZdeKXs Problem The following lines continually cycle through the dictionary to match words: for i in $(awk '{if( $2 ) print $2}' frequency.txt); do grep -m 1 ^$i\$ dictionary.txt >> corpus-lexicon.txt; done It works, but it is slow because it is scanning the words it found to remove any that are not in the dictionary. The code performs this task by scanning the dictionary for every single word. (The -m 1 parameter stops the scan when the match is found.) Question How would you optimize the script so that the dictionary is not scanned from start to finish for every single word? The majority of the words will not be in the dictionary. Thank you!

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  • lists searches in SYB or uniplate haskell

    - by Chris
    I have been using uniplate and SYB and I am trying to transform a list For instance type Tree = [DataA] data DataA = DataA1 [DataB] | DataA2 String | DataA3 String [DataA] deriving Show data DataB = DataB1 [DataA] | DataB2 String | DataB3 String [DataB] deriving Show For instance, I would like to traverse my tree and append a value to all [DataB] So my first thought was to do this: changeDataB:: Tree -> Tree changeDataB = everywhere(mkT changeDataB') chanegDataB'::[DataB] -> [DataB] changeDataB' <add changes here> or if I was using uniplate changeDataB:: Tree -> Tree changeDataB = transformBi changeDataB' chanegDataB'::[DataB] -> [DataB] changeDataB' <add changes here> The problem is that I only want to search on the full list. Doing either of these searches will cause a search on the full list and all of the sub-lists (including the empty list) The other problem is that a value in [DataB] may generate a [DataB], so I don't know if this is the same kind of solution as not searching chars in a string. I could pattern match on DataA1 and DataB3, but in my real application there are a bunch of [DataB]. Pattern matching on the parents would be extensive. The other thought that I had was to create a data DataBs = [DataB] and use that to transform on. That seems kind of lame, there must be a better solution.

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  • Is it possible to have WAMP run httpd.exe as user [myself] instead of local SYSTEM?

    - by Olivier H
    Hello! I run a django application over apache with mod_wsgi, using WAMP. A certain URL allows me to stream the content of image files, the paths of which are stored in database. The files can be located whether on local machine or under network drive (\my\network\folder). With the development server (manage.py runserver), I have no trouble at all reading and streaming the files. With WAMP, and with network drive files, I get a IOError : obviously because the httpd instance does not have read permission on said drive. In the task manager, I see that httpd.exe is run by SYSTEM. I would like to tell WAMP to run the server as [myself] as I have read and write permissions on the shared folder. (eventually, the production server should be run by a 'www-admin' user having the permissions) Mapping the network shared folder on a drive letter (Z: for instance) does not solve this at all. The User/Group directives in httpd.conf do not seem to have any kind of influence on Apache's behaviour. I've also regedited : I tried to duplicate the HKLM[...]\wampapache registry key under HK_CURRENT_USER\ and rename the original key, but then the new key does not seem to be found when I cmd this > httpd.exe -n wampapache -k start or when I run WAMP. I've run out of ideas :) Has anybody ever had the same issue?

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  • Do the 'up to date' guarantees provided by final field in Java's memory model extend to indirect ref

    - by mattbh
    The Java language spec defines semantics of final fields in section 17.5: The usage model for final fields is a simple one. Set the final fields for an object in that object's constructor. Do not write a reference to the object being constructed in a place where another thread can see it before the object's constructor is finished. If this is followed, then when the object is seen by another thread, that thread will always see the correctly constructed version of that object's final fields. It will also see versions of any object or array referenced by those final fields that are at least as up-to-date as the final fields are. My question is - does the 'up-to-date' guarantee extend to the contents of nested arrays, and nested objects? An example scenario: Thread A constructs a HashMap of ArrayLists, then assigns the HashMap to final field 'myFinal' in an instance of class 'MyClass' Thread B sees a (non-synchronized) reference to the MyClass instance and reads 'myFinal', and accesses and reads the contents of one of the ArrayLists In this scenario, are the members of the ArrayList as seen by Thread B guaranteed to be at least as up to date as they were when MyClass's constructor completed?

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  • Handling large (object) datasets with PHP

    - by Aron Rotteveel
    I am currently working on a project that extensively relies on the EAV model. Both entities as their attributes are individually represented by a model, sometimes extending other models (or at least, base models). This has worked quite well so far since most areas of the application only rely on filtered sets of entities, and not the entire dataset. Now, however, I need to parse the entire dataset (IE: all entities and all their attributes) in order to provide a sorting/filtering algorithm based on the attributes. The application currently consists of aproximately 2200 entities, each with aproximately 100 attributes. Every entity is represented by a single model (for example Client_Model_Entity) and has a protected property called $_attributes, which is an array of Attribute objects. Each entity object is about 500KB, which results in an incredible load on the server. With 2000 entities, this means a single task would take 1GB of RAM (and a lot of CPU time) in order to work, which is unacceptable. Are there any patterns or common approaches to iterating over such large datasets? Paging is not really an option, since everything has to be taken into account in order to provide the sorting algorithm.

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  • pass a pointer of a class

    - by small_potato
    Say I have Class1 and Class2 and I want a shallow copy constructor for Class1. Class1 has a member variable, which is a pointer pointing to a Class2 instance. Also I have to be able to change the Class2 ptr is pointing at. in header file: class Class1 { Class2* ptr; ... } in source file: Class1::Class1() { ptr = new Class2(); } ...... Class2* Class1::Exchange(Class2* newClass2) { Class2* temp; ptr = newClass2; return temp; } ...... Now say Class1 original; Class1 shallowCopy(original); Class2* newClass2 = new Class2(); Class2* oldClass2; oldClass2 = orignal.Exchange(newClass2); delete oldClass2; now I want is associate original.ptr with shallowCopy.ptr, when I implement the shallow copy constructor, how do I make sure these two pointer always point at the same Class2? I mean in the class above, the oldClass2 is deleted, so ptr of shallowCopy is pointing at nothing. If I don't delete oldClass2, ptrs of original and shallowCopy are pointing at different Class2 instance.

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  • calling a function from a set of overloads depending on the dynamic type of an object

    - by Jasper
    I feel like the answer to this question is really simple, but I really am having trouble finding it. So here goes: Suppose you have the following classes: class Base; class Child : public Base; class Displayer { public: Displayer(Base* element); Displayer(Child* element); } Additionally, I have a Base* object which might point to either an instance of the class Base or an instance of the class Child. Now I want to create a Displayer based on the element pointed to by object, however, I want to pick the right version of the constructor. As I currently have it, this would accomplish just that (I am being a bit fuzzy with my C++ here, but I think this the clearest way) object->createDisplayer(); virtual void Base::createDisplayer() { new Displayer(this); } virtual void Child::createDisplayer() { new Displayer(this); } This works, however, there is a problem with this: Base and Child are part of the application system, while Displayer is part of the GUI system. I want to build the GUI system independently of the Application system, so that it is easy to replace the GUI. This means that Base and Child should not know about Displayer. However, I do not know how I can achieve this without letting the Application classes know about the GUI. Am I missing something very obvious or am I trying something that is not possible?

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  • Does NSClassFromString affect performance?

    - by Tomen
    I want to create a controller that depends on the class of a given instance of a model -(BaseController *)getControllerForModel:(Model *)model { BaseController *controller = nil; Class controllerClass = [BaseController class]; //the default value //find the right controller if ([model isMemberOfClass:[ModelClass1 class]]) controllerClass = [ConcreteController1 class]; else if ([model isMemberOfClass:[ModelClass2 class]]) controllerClass = [ConcreteController2 class]; else if ([model isMemberOfClass:[ModelClass3 class]]) controllerClass = [ConcreteController3 class]; ... else if ([model isMemberOfClass:[ModelClassX class]]) controllerClass = [ConcreteControllerX class]; else Trace(TRACELEVEL_WARNING, @"Unrecognized model type: %@", NSStringFromClass([model class])); //Now instantiate it with the model controller = [[[controllerClass alloc] initWithModel:model] autorelease]; return slotController; } I want to find a more flexible solution to this and thought of having a dictionary, which maps Model-Classes to Controller-Classes and then NSClassFromString could give me the right instance. My question is this: Is NSClassFromString using much of my applications performance if i use it several times (say, 100 times at once)? Or would it be about as fast as the above approach?

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  • C#: Any faster way of copying arrays?

    - by Yang
    I have three arrays that need to be combined in one three-dimension array. The following code shows slow performance in Performance Explorer. Is there a faster solution? for (int i = 0; i < sortedIndex.Length; i++) { if (i < num_in_left) { // add instance to the left child leftnode[i, 0] = sortedIndex[i]; leftnode[i, 1] = sortedInstances[i]; leftnode[i, 2] = sortedLabels[i]; } else { // add instance to the right child rightnode[i-num_in_left, 0] = sortedIndex[i]; rightnode[i-num_in_left, 1] = sortedInstances[i]; rightnode[i-num_in_left, 2] = sortedLabels[i]; } } Update: I'm actually trying to do the following: //given three 1d arrays double[] sortedIndex, sortedInstances, sortedLabels; // copy them over to a 3d array (forget about the rightnode for now) double[] leftnode = new double[sortedIndex.Length, 3]; // some magic happens here so that leftnode = {sortedIndex, sortedInstances, sortedLabels};

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  • Detecting the axis of rotation from a pointcloud

    - by tfinniga
    I'm trying to auto-detect the axis of rotation on a 3d pointcloud. In other words, if I took a small 3d pointcloud, chose a single axis of rotation, and make several copies of the points at different rotation angles, then I get a larger pointcloud. The input to my algorithm is the larger pointcloud, and the desired output is the single axis of symmetry. And eventually I'm going to compute the correspondences between points that are rotations of each other. The size of the larger pointcloud is on the order of 100K points, and the number of rotational copies made is unknown. The rotation angles in my case have constant deltas, but don't necessarily span 360 degrees. For example, I might have 0, 20, 40, 60. Or I might have 0, 90, 180, 270. But I won't have 0, 13, 78, 212 (or if I do, I don't care to detect it). This seems like a computer vision problem, but I'm having trouble figuring out how to precisely find the axis. The input will generally be very clean, close to float accuracy.

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  • Database (MySQL) structuring: pros and cons of multiple tables

    - by Gideon
    I am collecting data and storing it MySQL, for: 75 variables 55 countries Each year I have, at this stage since I am building this tool created a single table, of variables / countries (storing 1 year worth of data). Next year (and for several years after that) a new set of data will be input for each country. There are therefore 3 variables in controlling data returned to a user reviewing all collected data. The general form of any query would be: Show me these specifics variables, for these specific countries, for these specific years. (Show me average age and weight, for USA and Canada, for 2012 and 2009, for example) My question is, it seems that I have two options for arranging this data: -Multiple tables where I create a table of country / variable for each year data is collected - Single table and simply add a column (field) for the year that data relates to. As far as I can tell I could make these database calls with either sructure, but is one more powerful / efficient / quicker, and why? Thanks for your consideration. It's a PDO / PHP interface if that is relevent.

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  • How can I speed up a 1800-line PHP include? It's slowing my pageload down to 10sec/view

    - by somerandomguy
    I designed my code to put all important functions in a single PHP file that's now 1800 lines long. I call it in other PHP files--AJAX processors, for example--with a simple "require_once("codeBank.php")". I'm discovering that it takes about 10 seconds to load up all those functions, even though I have nothing more than a few global arrays and a bunch of other functions involved. The main AJAX processor code, for example, is taking 8 seconds just to do a simple syntax verification (whose operational function is stored in codeBank.php). When I comment out the require_once, my AJAX response time speeds up from 10sec to 40ms, so it's pretty clear that PHP's trying to do something with those 1800 lines of functions. That's even with APC installed, which is surprising. What should I do to get my code speed back to the sub-100ms level? Am I failing to get the cache's benefit somehow? Do I need to cut that single function bank file into different pieces? Are there other subtle things that I could be doing to screw up my response time? Or barring all that, what are some tools to dig further into which PHP operations are hitting speed bumps?

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  • Parallelizing L2S Entity Retrieval

    - by MarkB
    Assuming a typical domain entity approach with SQL Server and a dbml/L2S DAL with a logic layer on top of that: In situations where lazy loading is not an option, I have settled on a convention where getting a list of entities does not also get each item's child entities (no loading), but getting a single entity does (eager loading). Since getting a single entity also gets children, it causes a cascading effect in which each child then gets its children too. This sounds bad, but as long as the model is not too deep, I usually don't see performance problems that outweigh the benefits of the ease of use. So if I want to get a list in which each of the items is fully hydrated with children, I combine the GetList and GetItem methods. So I'll get a list and then loop through it getting each item with the full cascade. Even this is generally acceptable in many of the projects I've worked on - but I have recently encountered situations with larger models and/or more data in which it needs to be more efficient. I've found that partitioning the loop and executing it on multiple threads yields excellent results. In my first experiment with a list of 50 items from one particular project, I did 5 threads of 10 items each and got a 3X improvement in time. Of course, the mileage will vary depending on the project but all else being equal this is clearly a big opportunity. However, before I go further, I was wondering what others have done that have already been through this. What are some good approaches to parallelizing this type of thing?

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  • how to read string part in java

    - by Gandalf StormCrow
    Hello everyone, I have this string : <meis xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" uri="localhost/naro-nei" onded="flpSW531213" identi="lemenia" id="75" lastStop="bendi" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://localhost/xsd/postat.xsd xsd/postat.xsd"> How can I get lastStop property value in JAVA? This regex worked when tested on http://www.myregexp.com/ But when I try it in java I don't see the matched text, here is how I tried : import java.util.regex.Pattern; import java.util.regex.Matcher; public class SimpleRegexTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String sampleText = <meis xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" uri=\"localhost/naro-nei\" onded=\"flpSW531213\" identi=\"lemenia\" id=\"75\" lastStop=\"bendi\" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=\"http://localhost/xsd/postat.xsd xsd/postat.xsd\">"; String sampleRegex = "(?<=lastStop=[\"']?)[^\"']*"; Pattern p = Pattern.compile(sampleRegex); Matcher m = p.matcher(sampleText); if (m.find()) { String matchedText = m.group(); System.out.println("matched [" + matchedText + "]"); } else { System.out.println("didn’t match"); } } }

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  • Get class constant names in php?

    - by user151841
    I have a php class with some class constants that indicate the status of an instance. When I'm using the class, after I run some methods on it, I do some checks to make sure that the status is what I expect it to be. For instance, after calling some methods, I expect the status to be MEANINGFUL_STATUS_NAME. $objInstance->method1(); $objInstance->method2(); if ( $objInstance->status !== class::MEANINGFUL_STATUS_NAME ) { throw new Exception("Status is wrong, should not be " . class::MEANINGFUL_STATUS_NAME . "."); } However, this gives me the exception message "Status is wrong, should not be 2" when what I really want to see is "Status is wrong, should not be MEANINGFUL_STATUS_NAME" So I've lost the meaningfulness of the constant name. I was thinking of making an 'translation table' array, so I can take the constant values and translate them back into their name, but this seems cumbersome. How should I translate this back, so I get an error message that gives me a better idea of what went wrong?

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  • Storing large numbers of varying size objects on disk

    - by Foredecker
    I need to develop a system for storing large numbers (10's to 100's of thousands) of objects. Each object is email-like - there is a main text body, and several ancillary text fields of limited size. A body will be from a few bytes, to several KB in size. Each item will have a single unique ID (probably a GUID) that identifies it. The store will only be written to when an object is added to it. It will be read often. Deletions will be rare. The data is almost all human readable text so it will be readily compressible. A system that lets me issue the I/Os and mange the memory and caching would be ideal. I'm going to keep the indexes in memory, using it to map indexes to the single (and primary) key for the objects. Once I have the key, then I'll load it from disk, or the cache. The data management system needs to be part of my application - I do not want to depend on OS services. Or separately installed packages. Native (C++) would be best, but a manged (C#) thing would be ok. I believe that a database is an obvious choice, but this needs to be super-fast for look up and loading into memory of an object. I am not experienced with data base tech and I'm concerned that general relational systems will not handle all this variable sized data efficiently. (Note, this has nothing to do with my job - its a personal project.) In your experience, what are the viable alternatives to a traditional relational DB? Or would a DB work well for this?

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  • Database/Object Mapping

    - by Eric
    Hello everyone, This is a beginner question, but it's been frustrating me... I am using C#, by the way. I'd like to make a few classes, each with their own properties and methods. I would also like to have a database to store certain instances of these classes in case I would ever need to look at them again. So, for example... class Polygon { String name; Double perimiter; int numSides; public Double GetArea() { // ... } } class Circle { String name; Double radius; public void PrintName() { // ... } } Say I've got these classes. I also want a database that has the TABLES "Polygon" and "Circle" with the COLUMNS "name" "perimeter" "radius" etc. And I want an easy way to save a class instance into the database, or pull a class instance out of the database. I have previously been using MS Access for my database stuff, which I don't mind using, but I would prefer if nothing other than .NET need to be installed. I've been researching online a bit, but I wanted to get some opinions on here. I have looked at Linq-to-Sql, but it seems you need Sql-Server. Is this true? If so, I'd really rather not use it because I don't want to have to have it installed everywhere. Anway, I'm just fishing for some ideas/insights/suggestions/etc. so please help me out if you can. Thanks.

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  • Using map() on a _set in a template?

    - by Stuart Grimshaw
    I have two models like this: class KPI(models.Model): """KPI model to hold the basic info on a Key Performance Indicator""" title = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=100) description = models.TextField(blank=True) target = models.FloatField(blank=False, null=False) group = models.ForeignKey(KpiGroup) subGroup = models.ForeignKey(KpiSubGroup, null=True) unit = models.TextField(blank=True) owner = models.ForeignKey(User) bt_measure = models.BooleanField(default=False) class KpiHistory(models.Model): """A historical log of previous KPI values.""" kpi = models.ForeignKey(KPI) measure = models.FloatField(blank=False, null=False) kpi_date = models.DateField() and I'm using RGraph to display the stats on internal wallboards, the handy thing is Python lists get output in a format that Javascript sees as an array, so by mapping all the values into a list like this: def f(x): return float(x.measure) stats = map(f, KpiHistory.objects.filter(kpi=1) then in the template I can simply use {{ stats }} and the RGraph code sees it as an array which is exactly what I want. [87.0, 87.5, 88.5, 90] So my question is this, is there any way I can achieve the same effect using Django's _set functionality to keep the amount of data I'm passing into the template, up until now I've been passing in a single KPI object to be graphed but now I want to pass in a whole bunch so is there anything I can do with _set {{ kpi.kpihistory_set }} dumps the whole model out, but I just want the measure field. I can't see any of the built in template methods that will let me pull out just the single field I want. How have other people handled this situation?

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  • Do I need to using locking against integers in c++ threads

    - by Shane MacLaughlin
    The title says it all really. If I am accessing a single integer type (e.g. long, int, bool, etc...) in multiple threads, do I need to use a synchronisation mechanism such as a mutex to lock them. My understanding is that as atomic types, I don't need to lock access to a single thread, but I see a lot of code out there that does use locking. Profiling such code shows that there is a significant performance hit for using locks, so I'd rather not. So if the item I'm accessing corresponds to a bus width integer (e.g. 4 bytes on a 32 bit processor) do I need to lock access to it when it is being used across multiple threads? Put another way, if thread A is writing to integer variable X at the same time as thread B is reading from the same variable, is it possible that thread B could end up a few bytes of the previous value mixed in with a few bytes of the value being written? Is this architecture dependent, e.g. ok for 4 byte integers on 32 bit systems but unsafe on 8 byte integers on 64 bit systems? Edit: Just saw this related post which helps a fair bit.

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  • How does Haskell do pattern matching without us defining an Eq on our data types?

    - by devoured elysium
    I have defined a binary tree: data Tree = Null | Node Tree Int Tree and have implemented a function that'll yield the sum of the values of all its nodes: sumOfValues :: Tree -> Int sumOfValues Null = 0 sumOfValues (Node Null v Null) = v sumOfValues (Node Null v t2) = v + (sumOfValues t2) sumOfValues (Node t1 v Null) = v + (sumOfValues t1) sumOfValues (Node t1 v t2) = v + (sumOfValues t1) + (sumOfValues t2) It works as expected. I had the idea of also trying to implement it using guards: sumOfValues2 :: Tree -> Int sumOfValues2 Null = 0 sumOfValues2 (Node t1 v t2) | t1 == Null && t2 == Null = v | t1 == Null = v + (sumOfValues2 t2) | t2 == Null = v + (sumOfValues2 t1) | otherwise = v + (sumOfValues2 t1) + (sumOfValues2 t2) but this one doesn't work because I haven't implemented Eq, I believe: No instance for (Eq Tree) arising from a use of `==' at zzz3.hs:13:3-12 Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Eq Tree) In the first argument of `(&&)', namely `t1 == Null' In the expression: t1 == Null && t2 == Null In a stmt of a pattern guard for the definition of `sumOfValues2': t1 == Null && t2 == Null The question that has to be made, then, is how can Haskell make pattern matching without knowing when a passed argument matches, without resorting to Eq?

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  • Using an unencoded key vs a real Key, benefits?

    - by user246114
    Hi, I am reading the docs for Key generation in app engine. I'm not sure what effect using a simple String key has over a real Key. For example, when my users sign up, they must supply a unique username: class User { /** Key type = unencoded string. */ @PrimaryKey private String name; } now if I understand the docs correctly, I should still be able to generate named keys and entity groups using this, right?: // Find an instance of this entity: User user = pm.findObjectById(User.class, "myusername"); // Create a new obj and put it in same entity group: Key key = new KeyFactory.Builder( User.class.getSimpleName(), "myusername") .addChild(Goat.class.getSimpleName(), "baa").getKey(); Goat goat = new Goat(); goat.setKey(key); pm.makePersistent(goat); the Goat instance should now be in the same entity group as that User, right? I mean there's no problem with leaving the User's primary key as just the raw String? Is there a performance benefit to using a Key though? Should I update to: class User { /** Key type = unencoded string. */ @PrimaryKey private Key key; } // Generate like: Key key = KeyFactory.createKey( User.class.getSimpleName(), "myusername"); user.setKey(key); it's almost the same thing, I'd still just be generating the Key using the unique username anyway, Thanks

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  • ggplot: showing % instead of counts in charts of categorical variables

    - by wishihadabettername
    I'm plotting a categorical variable and instead of showing the counts for each category value, I'm looking for a way to get ggplot to display the percentage of values in that category. Of course, it is possible to create another variable with the calculated percentage and plot that one, but I have to do it several dozens of times and I hope to achieve that in one command. I was experimenting with something like qplot (mydataf) + stat_bin(aes(n=nrow(mydataf), y=..count../n)) + scale_y_continuous(formatter="percent") but I must be using it incorrectly, as I got errors. To easily reproduce the setup, here's a simplified example: mydata <- c ("aa", "bb", null, "bb", "cc", "aa", "aa", "aa", "ee", null, "cc"); mydataf <- factor(mydata); qplot (mydataf); #this shows the count, I'm looking to see % displayed. In the real case I'll probably use ggplot instead of qplot, but the right way to use stat_bin still eludes me. Thank you. UPDATE: I've also tried these four approaches: ggplot(mydataf, aes(y = (..count..)/sum(..count..))) + scale_y_continuous(formatter = 'percent'); ggplot(mydataf, aes(y = (..count..)/sum(..count..))) + scale_y_continuous(formatter = 'percent') + geom_bar(); ggplot(mydataf, aes(x = levels(mydataf), y = (..count..)/sum(..count..))) + scale_y_continuous(formatter = 'percent'); ggplot(mydataf, aes(x = levels(mydataf), y = (..count..)/sum(..count..))) + scale_y_continuous(formatter = 'percent') + geom_bar(); but all 4 give: Error: ggplot2 doesn't know how to deal with data of class factor The same error appears for the simple case of ggplot (data=mydataf, aes(levels(mydataf))) + geom_bar() so it's clearly something about how ggplot interacts with a single vector. I'm scratching my head, googling for that error gives a single result.

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  • Laravel check if id exists?

    - by devt204
    I've two columns in contents tables 1. id 2. content now this is what i'm trying to do Route::post('save', function() { $editor_content=Input::get('editor_content'); $rules = array('editor_content' => 'required'); $validator= Validator::make(Input::all(), $rules); if($validator->passes()) { //1. check if id is submitted? //2. if id exists update content table //3. else insert new content //create new instance $content= new Content; // insert the content to content column $content->content = $editor_content; //save the content $content->save(); // check if content has id $id=$content->id; return Response::json(array('success' => 'sucessfully saved', 'id' => $id)); } if($validator->fails()) { return $validator->messages() ; } }); i wanted to check if id has been already submit or checked i'm processing the request via ajax, and if id exists i wanted update the content column and if it doesn't i wanted to create new instance how do i do it ?

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  • Allowing Xform controls for optional XML elements

    - by Cam
    Hi, In designing an XForm interface to an XML database (using eXist and XSLTForms), I'd like to include an input control for an optional element. The XML data records already exist and while some contain the optional element, others don't. To update a record, I'm using the existing XML record as the model instance. The problem is that the form control is not displayed when the optional element is not present, which is logical, but presents a problem when a user wants to add data to the optional element. To be more explicit, here's an example data record, data.xml: <a> <b>content</b> </a> with RNC schema: start = element a { element b { text }, element notes { text }? } XForms model: <xf:model> <xf:instance xmlns="" src="data.xml"/> <xf:submission id="save" method="post" action="update.xq" /> </xf:model> And control: <xf:input ref="/a/notes"> <xf:label>Notes (optional): </xf:label> </xf:input> The problem is that the 'Notes' input control is simply not displayed. An obvious solution is to add a trigger button to allow the user to insert the element if needed, but it is preferable to just have the input control appear, and be empty. My question is: is there some subtle combination of lesser-know attributes/binds/multiple instances/xpath expressions that will cause the control to always be displayed? Thanks

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