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  • Reordering fields in Django model

    - by Alex Lebedev
    I want to add few fields to every model in my django application. This time it's created_at, updated_at and notes. Duplicating code for every of 20+ models seems dumb. So, I decided to use abstract base class which would add these fields. The problem is that fields inherited from abstract base class come first in the field list in admin. Declaring field order for every ModelAdmin class is not an option, it's even more duplicate code than with manual field declaration. In my final solution, I modified model constructor to reorder fields in _meta before creating new instance: class MyModel(models.Model): # Service fields notes = my_fields.NotesField() created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class Meta: abstract = True last_fields = ("notes", "created_at", "updated_at") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): new_order = [f.name for f in self._meta.fields] for field in self.last_fields: new_order.remove(field) new_order.append(field) self._meta._field_name_cache.sort(key=lambda x: new_order.index(x.name)) super(TwangooModel, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class ModelA(MyModel): field1 = models.CharField() field2 = models.CharField() #etc ... It works as intended, but I'm wondering, is there a better way to acheive my goal?

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  • Django Admin Running Same Query Thousands of Times for Model

    - by Tom
    Running into an odd . . . loop when trying to view a model in the Django admin. I have three related models (code trimmed for brevity, hopefully I didn't trim something I shouldn't have): class Association(models.Model): somecompany_entity_id = models.CharField(max_length=10, db_index=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=200) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class ResidentialUnit(models.Model): building = models.CharField(max_length=10) app_number = models.CharField(max_length=10) unit_number = models.CharField(max_length=10) unit_description = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True) association = models.ForeignKey(Association) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) def __unicode__(self): return '%s: %s, Unit %s' % (self.association, self.building, self.unit_number) class Resident(models.Model): unit = models.ForeignKey(ResidentialUnit) type = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True, default='') lookup_key = models.CharField(max_length=200) jenark_id = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True) user = models.ForeignKey(User) is_association_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False, db_index=True) show_in_contact_list = models.BooleanField(default=False, db_index=True) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) _phones = {} home_phone = None work_phone = None cell_phone = None app_number = None account_cache_key = None def __unicode__(self): return '%s' % self.user.get_full_name() It's the last model that's causing the problem. Trying to look at a Resident in the admin takes 10-20 seconds. If I take 'self.association' out of the __unicode__ method for ResidentialUnit, a resident page renders pretty quickly. Looking at it in the debug toolbar, without the association name in ResidentialUnit (which is a foreign key on Resident), the page runs 14 queries. With the association name put back in, it runs a far more impressive 4,872 queries. The strangest part is the extra queries all seem to be looking up the association name. They all come from the same line, the __unicode__ method for ResidentialUnit. Each one is the exact same thing, e.g., SELECT `residents_association`.`id`, `residents_association`.`jenark_entity_id`, `residents_association`.`name` FROM `residents_association` WHERE `residents_association`.`id` = 1096 ORDER BY `residents_association`.`name` ASC I assume I've managed to create a circular reference, but if it were truly circular, it would just die, not run 4000x and then return. Having trouble finding a good Google or StackOverflow result for this.

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  • Refactoring a custom User model to user UserProfile: Should I create a custom UserManager or add use

    - by BryanWheelock
    I have been refactoring an app that had customized the standard User model from django.contrib.auth.models by creating a UserProfile and defining it with AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE. The problem is the attributes in UserProfile are used throughout the project to determine the User sees. I had been creating tests and putting in this type of statement repeatedly: user = User.objects.get(pk=1) user_profile = user.get_profile() if user_profile.karma > 10: do_some_stuff() This is tedious and I'm now wondering if I'm violating the DRY principle. Would it make more sense to create a custom UserManager that automatically loads the UserProfile data when the user is requested. I could even iterate over the UserProfile attributes and append them to the User model. This would save me having to update all the references to the custom model attributes that litter the code. Of course, I'd have to reverse to process for to allow the User and UserProfile models to be updated correctly. Which approach is more Django-esque?

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  • SQL SERVER – Query Hint – Contest Win Joes 2 Pros Combo (USD 198) – Day 1 of 5

    - by pinaldave
    August 2011 we ran a contest where every day we give away one book for an entire month. The contest had extreme success. Lots of people participated and lots of give away. I have received lots of questions if we are doing something similar this month. Absolutely, instead of running a contest a month long we are doing something more interesting. We are giving away USD 198 worth gift every day for this week. We are giving away Joes 2 Pros 5 Volumes (BOOK) SQL 2008 Development Certification Training Kit every day. One copy in India and One in USA. Total 2 of the giveaway (worth USD 198). All the gifts are sponsored from the Koenig Training Solution and Joes 2 Pros. The books are available here Amazon | Flipkart | Indiaplaza How to Win: Read the Question Read the Hints Answer the Quiz in Contact Form in following format Question Answer Name of the country (The contest is open for USA and India residents only) 2 Winners will be randomly selected announced on August 20th. Question of the Day: Which of the following queries will return dirty data? a) SELECT * FROM Table1 (READUNCOMMITED) b) SELECT * FROM Table1 (NOLOCK) c) SELECT * FROM Table1 (DIRTYREAD) d) SELECT * FROM Table1 (MYLOCK) Query Hints: BIG HINT POST Most SQL people know what a “Dirty Record” is. You might also call that an “Intermediate record”. In case this is new to you here is a very quick explanation. The simplest way to describe the steps of a transaction is to use an example of updating an existing record into a table. When the insert runs, SQL Server gets the data from storage, such as a hard drive, and loads it into memory and your CPU. The data in memory is changed and then saved to the storage device. Finally, a message is sent confirming the rows that were affected. For a very short period of time the update takes the data and puts it into memory (an intermediate state), not a permanent state. For every data change to a table there is a brief moment where the change is made in the intermediate state, but is not committed. During this time, any other DML statement needing that data waits until the lock is released. This is a safety feature so that SQL Server evaluates only official data. For every data change to a table there is a brief moment where the change is made in this intermediate state, but is not committed. During this time, any other DML statement (SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE) needing that data must wait until the lock is released. This is a safety feature put in place so that SQL Server evaluates only official data. Additional Hints: I have previously discussed various concepts from SQL Server Joes 2 Pros Volume 1. SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series – Dirty Records and Table Hints SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series – Row Constructors SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series – Finding un-matching Records SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series – Efficient Query Writing Strategy SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series – Finding Apostrophes in String and Text SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series – Wildcard – Querying Special Characters SQL Joes 2 Pros Development Series – Wildcard Basics Recap Next Step: Answer the Quiz in Contact Form in following format Question Answer Name of the country (The contest is open for USA and India) Bonus Winner Leave a comment with your favorite article from the “additional hints” section and you may be eligible for surprise gift. There is no country restriction for this Bonus Contest. Do mention why you liked it any particular blog post and I will announce the winner of the same along with the main contest. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Joes 2 Pros, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Puzzle, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Parameterized Django models

    - by mgibsonbr
    In principle, a single Django application can be reused in two or more projects, providing functionality relevent to both. That implies that the same database structure (tables and relations) will be re-created identically in different databases, and most times this is not a problem (assuming the projects/databases are unrelated - for instance when someone downloads a complete app to use in their own projects). Sometimes, however, the models must be "tweaked" a little to better fit the problem needs. This can be accomplished by forking the app, but I wondered if there wouldn't be a better option in cases where the app designer can anticipate the most common customizations. For instance, if I have a model that could relate to another as one-to-one or one-to-many, I could specify the unique property as a parameter, that can be specified in the project's settings: class This(models.Model): other = models.ForeignKey(Other, unique=settings.OTHER_TO_THIS) Or if a model can relate to many others, I could create an intermediate table for each of them (thus enforcing referential integrity) instead of using generic fks: for related in settings.MODELS_RELATED_TO_OTHER: model_name = '%s_Other' % related globals()[model_name] = type(model_name, (models.Model,) { me:models.ForeignKey(find_model_class(related)), other:models.ForeignKey(Other), # Some other properties all intersection tables must have }) Etc. Let me stress out that I'm not proposing to change the models at runtime nor anything like that; once the parameters were defined and syncdb called for the first time, those parameters are not to be changed again (unless you're doing a schema migration). Is this a good design? Are there better ways to accomplish the same thing, or maybe drawbacks I coulnd't anticipate? This technique is meant to be used sparingly (only on apps meant to be reused in wildly different contexts, and only when a specific need of customization can be detected while the app model is being designed).

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  • Authenticate with Django 1.5

    - by gorjuce
    I'm currently testing django 1.5 and a custom User model, but I've some problems. I've created a User class in my account app, which looks like: class User(AbstractBaseUser): email = models.EmailField() activation_key = models.CharField(max_length=255) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=False) is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' I can correctly register a user, who is stored in my account_user table. Now, how can I log in? I've tried with: def login(request): form = AuthenticationForm() if request.method == 'POST': form = AuthenticationForm(request.POST) email = request.POST['username'] password = request.POST['password'] user = authenticate(username=email, password=password) if user is not None: if user.is_active: login(user) else: message = 'disabled account, check validation email' return render( request, 'account-login-failed.html', {'message': message} ) return render(request, 'account-login.html', {'form': form}) I can correctly register a new User My forms.py which contains my register form class RegisterForm(forms.ModelForm): """ a form to create user""" password = forms.CharField( label="Password", widget=forms.PasswordInput() ) password_confirm = forms.CharField( label="Password Repeat", widget=forms.PasswordInput() ) class Meta: model = User exclude = ('last_login', 'activation_key') def clean_password_confirm(self): password = self.cleaned_data.get("password") password_confirm = self.cleaned_data.get("password_confirm") if password and password_confirm and password != password_confirm: raise forms.ValidationError("Password don't math") return password_confirm def clean_email(self): if User.objects.filter(email__iexact=self.cleaned_data.get("email")): raise forms.ValidationError("email already exists") return self.cleaned_data['email'] def save(self): user = super(RegisterForm, self).save(commit=False) user.password = self.cleaned_data['password'] user.activation_key = generate_sha1(user.email) user.save() return user My question is: Why does authenticate give me None? I know I'm trying to authenticate() with an email as username but is that not one of the reasons to use a custom User model?

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  • Adding a generic image field onto a ModelForm in django

    - by Prairiedogg
    I have two models, Room and Image. Image is a generic model that can tack onto any other model. I want to give users a form to upload an image when they post information about a room. I've written code that works, but I'm afraid I've done it the hard way, and specifically in a way that violates DRY. Was hoping someone who's a little more familiar with django forms could point out where I've gone wrong. Update: I've tried to clarify why I chose this design in comments to the current answers. To summarize: I didn't simply put an ImageField on the Room model because I wanted more than one image associated with the Room model. I chose a generic Image model because I wanted to add images to several different models. The alternatives I considered were were multiple foreign keys on a single Image class, which seemed messy, or multiple Image classes, which I thought would clutter my schema. I didn't make this clear in my first post, so sorry about that. Seeing as none of the answers so far has addressed how to make this a little more DRY I did come up with my own solution which was to add the upload path as a class attribute on the image model and reference that every time it's needed. # Models class Image(models.Model): content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') image = models.ImageField(_('Image'), height_field='', width_field='', upload_to='uploads/images', max_length=200) class Room(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) image_set = generic.GenericRelation('Image') # The form class AddRoomForm(forms.ModelForm): image_1 = forms.ImageField() class Meta: model = Room # The view def handle_uploaded_file(f): # DRY violation, I've already specified the upload path in the image model upload_suffix = join('uploads/images', f.name) upload_path = join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, upload_suffix) destination = open(upload_path, 'wb+') for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) destination.close() return upload_suffix def add_room(request, apartment_id, form_class=AddRoomForm, template='apartments/add_room.html'): apartment = Apartment.objects.get(id=apartment_id) if request.method == 'POST': form = form_class(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): room = form.save() image_1 = form.cleaned_data['image_1'] # Instead of writing a special function to handle the image, # shouldn't I just be able to pass it straight into Image.objects.create # ...but it doesn't seem to work for some reason, wrong syntax perhaps? upload_path = handle_uploaded_file(image_1) image = Image.objects.create(content_object=room, image=upload_path) return HttpResponseRedirect(room.get_absolute_url()) else: form = form_class() context = {'form': form, } return direct_to_template(request, template, extra_context=context)

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  • Django admin fails when using includes in urlpatterns

    - by zenWeasel
    I am trying to refactor out my application a little bit to keep it from getting too unwieldily. So I started to move some of the urlpatterns out to sub files as the documentation proposes. Besides that fact that it just doesn't seem to be working (the items are not being rerouted) but when I go to the admin, it says that 'urlpatterns has not been defined'. The urls.py I have at the root of my application is: if settings.ENABLE_SSL: urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^checkout/orderform/onepage/(\w*)/$','checkout.views.one_page_orderform',{'SSL':True},'commerce.checkout.views.single_product_orderform'), ) else: urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^checkout/orderform/onepage/(\w*)/$','commerce.checkout.views.single_product_orderform'), ) urlpatterns+= patterns('', (r'^$', 'alchemysites.views.route_to_home'), (r'^%s/' % settings.DAJAXICE_MEDIA_PREFIX, include('dajaxice.urls')), (r'^/checkout/', include('commerce.urls')), (r'^/offers',include('commerce.urls')), (r'^/order/',include('commerce.urls')), (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), (r'^accounts/login/$', login), (r'^accounts/logout/$', logout), (r'^(?P<path>.*)/$','alchemysites.views.get_path'), (r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), The urls I have moved out so far are the checkout/offers/order which are all subapps of 'commerce' where the urls.py for the apps are so to be clear. /urls.py in questions (included here) /commerce/urls.py where the urls.py I want to include is: order_info = { 'queryset': Order.objects.all(), } urlpatterns+= patterns('', (r'^offers/$','offers.views.start_offers'), (r'^offers/([a-zA-Z0-9-]*)/order/(\d*)/add/([a-zA-Z0-9-]*)/(\w*)/next/([a-zA-Z0-9-)/$','offers.views.show_offer'), (r'^reports/orders/$', list_detail.object_list,order_info), ) and the applications offers lies under commerce. And so the additional problem is that admin will not work at all, so I'm thinking because I killed it somewhere with my includes. Things I have checked for: Is the urlpatterns variable accidentally getting reset somewhere (i.e. urlpatterns = patterns, instead of urlpatterns+= patterns) Are the patterns in commerce.urls valid (yes, when moved back to root they work). So from there I am stumped. I can move everything back into the root, but was trying to get a little decoupled, not just for theoretical reason but for some short terms ones. Lastly if I enter www.domainname/checkout/orderform/onepage/xxxjsd I get the correct page. However, entering www.domainname/checkout/ gets handled by the alchemysites.views.get_path. If not the answer (because this is pretty darn specific), then is there a good way for troubleshoot urls.py? It seems to just be trial and error. Seems there should be some sort of parser that will tell you what your urlpatterns will do.

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  • SQLAuthority News – Microsoft SQL Server 2005/2008 Query Optimization & Performance Tuning Training

    - by pinaldave
    Last 3 days to register for the courses. This is one time offer with big discount. The deadline for the course registration is 5th May, 2010. There are two different courses are offered by Solid Quality Mentors 1) Microsoft SQL Server 2005/2008 Query Optimization & Performance Tuning – Pinal Dave Date: May 12-14, 2010 Price: Rs. 14,000/person for 3 days Discount Code: ‘SQLAuthority.com’ Effective Price: Rs. 11,000/person for 3 days 2) SharePoint 2010 – Joy Rathnayake Date: May 10-11, 2010 Price: Rs. 11,000/person for 3 days Discount Code: ‘SQLAuthority.com’ Effective Price: Rs. 8,000/person for 2 days Download the complete PDF brochure. To register, either send an email to [email protected] or call +91 95940 43399. Feel free to drop me an email at pinal “at” SQLAuthority.com for any additional information and clarification. Training Venue: Abridge Solutions, #90/B/C/3/1, Ganesh GHR & MSY Plaza, Vittalrao Nagar, Near Image Hospital, Madhapur, Hyderabad – 500 081. Additionally there is special program of SolidQ India Insider. This is only available to first few registrants of the courses only. Read more details about the course here. Read my TechEd India 2010 experience here. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Training, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – Using MAXDOP 1 for Single Processor Query – SQL in Sixty Seconds #008 – Video

    - by pinaldave
    Today’s SQL in Sixty Seconds video is inspired from my presentation at TechEd India 2012 on Speed up! – Parallel Processes and Unparalleled Performance. There are always special cases when it is about SQL Server. There are always few queries which gives optimal performance when they are executed on single processor and there are always queries which gives optimal performance when they are executed on multiple processors. I will be presenting the how to identify such queries as well what are the best practices related to the same. In this quick video I am going to demonstrate if the query is giving optimal performance when running on single CPU how one can restrict queries to single CPU by using hint OPTION (MAXDOP 1). More on Errors: Difference Temp Table and Table Variable – Effect of Transaction Effect of TRANSACTION on Local Variable – After ROLLBACK and After COMMIT Debate – Table Variables vs Temporary Tables – Quiz – Puzzle – 13 of 31 I encourage you to submit your ideas for SQL in Sixty Seconds. We will try to accommodate as many as we can. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLServer, T SQL, Video

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  • Django CSRF failure when form posts to a different frame

    - by Leopd
    I'm building a page where I want to have a form that posts to an iframe on the same page. The Template looks like this: <form action="form-results" method="post" target="resultspane" > {% csrf_token %} <input name="query"> <input type=submit> </form> <iframe src="form-results" name="resultspane" width="100%" height="70%"> </iframe> The view behind form-results is getting CSRF errors. Is there something special needed for cross-frame posting?

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  • Complex Django filter question

    - by HWM-Rocker
    Lets say I have this class (simplified): class Tag (...): children = models.ManyToManyField(null=True, symmetrical=False) Now I already implemented the functions get_parents, get_all_ancestors. Is there a nice pythonic way to just the top level tags? If I had designed my Tags differently (to point to the parents instead) I would just make get_all_parents().filter(children=null). My first thought is to create a new function that will go recursively through all parents and save those that has none. But is there a possibility with filters or Query-objects to do the same (with fewer lines of code)? Thanks for your help. [edit] When it is finished, it should be a hierarchical tagging system. Each tag can have children, parents, but only the children are saved. I want to get all the top level tags, that point through many children / childrens children to my tag.

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  • Aggregation over a few models - Django

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I'm trying to compute the average of a field over various subsets of a queryset. Player.objects.order_by('-score').filter(sex='male').aggregate(Avg('level')) This works perfectly! But... if I try to compute it for the top 50 players it does not work. Player.objects.order_by('-score').filter(sex='male')[:50].aggregate(Avg('level')) This last one returns the exact same result as the query above it, which is wrong. What am I doing wrong? Help would be very much appreciated!

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  • “Query cost (relative to the batch)” <> Query cost relative to batch

    - by Dave Ballantyne
    OK, so that is quite a contradictory title, but unfortunately it is true that a common misconception is that the query with the highest percentage relative to batch is the worst performing.  Simply put, it is a lie, or more accurately we dont understand what these figures mean. Consider the two below simple queries: SELECT * FROM Person.BusinessEntity JOIN Person.BusinessEntityAddress ON Person.BusinessEntity.BusinessEntityID = Person.BusinessEntityAddress.BusinessEntityID go SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID After executing these and looking at the plans, I see this : So, a 13% / 87% split ,  but 13% / 87% of WHAT ? CPU ? Duration ? Reads ? Writes ? or some magical weighted algorithm ?  In a Profiler trace of the two we can find the metrics we are interested in. CPU and duration are well out but what about reads (210 and 1935)? To save you doing the maths, though you are more than welcome to, that’s a 90.2% / 9.8% split.  Close, but no cigar. Lets try a different tact.  Looking at the execution plan the “Estimated Subtree cost” of query 1 is 0.29449 and query 2 its 1.96596.  Again to save you the maths that works out to 13.03% and 86.97%, round those and thats the figures we are after.  But, what is the worrying word there ? “Estimated”.  So these are not “actual”  execution costs,  but what’s the problem in comparing the estimated costs to derive a meaning of “Most Costly”.  Well, in the case of simple queries such as the above , probably not a lot.  In more complicated queries , a fair bit. By modifying the second query to also show the total number of lines on each order SELECT *,COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID) FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID The split in percentages is now 6% / 94% and the profiler metrics are : Even more of a discrepancy. Estimates can be out with actuals for a whole host of reasons,  scalar UDF’s are a particular bug bear of mine and in-fact the cost of a udf call is entirely hidden inside the execution plan.  It always estimates to 0 (well, a very small number). Take for instance the following udf Create Function dbo.udfSumSalesForCustomer(@CustomerId integer) returns money as begin Declare @Sum money Select @Sum= SUM(SalesOrderHeader.TotalDue) from Sales.SalesOrderHeader where CustomerID = @CustomerId return @Sum end If we have two statements , one that fires the udf and another that doesn't: Select CustomerID from Sales.Customer order by CustomerID go Select CustomerID,dbo.udfSumSalesForCustomer(Customer.CustomerID) from Sales.Customer order by CustomerID The costs relative to batch is a 50/50 split, but the has to be an actual cost of firing the udf. Indeed profiler shows us : No where even remotely near 50/50!!!! Moving forward to window framing functionality in SQL Server 2012 the optimizer sees ROWS and RANGE ( see here for their functional differences) as the same ‘cost’ too SELECT SalesOrderDetailID,SalesOrderId, SUM(LineTotal) OVER(PARTITION BY salesorderid ORDER BY Salesorderdetailid RANGE unbounded preceding) from Sales.SalesOrderdetail go SELECT SalesOrderDetailID,SalesOrderId, SUM(LineTotal) OVER(PARTITION BY salesorderid ORDER BY Salesorderdetailid Rows unbounded preceding) from Sales.SalesOrderdetail By now it wont be a great display to show you the Profiler trace reads a *tiny* bit different. So moral of the story, Percentage relative to batch can give a rough ‘finger in the air’ measurement, but dont rely on it as fact.

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  • Unit testing in Django

    - by acjohnson55
    I'm really struggling to write effective unit tests for a large Django project. I have reasonably good test coverage, but I've come to realize that the tests I've been writing are definitely integration/acceptance tests, not unit tests at all, and I have critical portions of my application that are not being tested effectively. I want to fix this ASAP. Here's my problem. My schema is deeply relational, and heavily time-oriented, giving my model object high internal coupling and lots of state. Many of my model methods query based on time intervals, and I've got a lot of auto_now_add going on in timestamped fields. So take a method that looks like this for example: def summary(self, startTime=None, endTime=None): # ... logic to assign a proper start and end time # if none was provided, probably using datetime.now() objects = self.related_model_set.manager_method.filter(...) return sum(object.key_method(startTime, endTime) for object in objects) How does one approach testing something like this? Here's where I am so far. It occurs to me that the unit testing objective should be given some mocked behavior by key_method on its arguments, is summary correctly filtering/aggregating to produce a correct result? Mocking datetime.now() is straightforward enough, but how can I mock out the rest of the behavior? I could use fixtures, but I've heard pros and cons of using fixtures for building my data (poor maintainability being a con that hits home for me). I could also setup my data through the ORM, but that can be limiting, because then I have to create related objects as well. And the ORM doesn't let you mess with auto_now_add fields manually. Mocking the ORM is another option, but not only is it tricky to mock deeply nested ORM methods, but the logic in the ORM code gets mocked out of the test, and mocking seems to make the test really dependent on the internals and dependencies of the function-under-test. The toughest nuts to crack seem to be the functions like this, that sit on a few layers of models and lower-level functions and are very dependent on the time, even though these functions may not be super complicated. My overall problem is that no matter how I seem to slice it, my tests are looking way more complex than the functions they are testing.

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  • optimize query: get al votes from user's item

    - by Toni Michel Caubet
    hi there! i did it my way because i'm very bad getting results from two tables... Basically, first i get all the id items that correspond to the user, and then i calculate the ratings of each item. But, there is two different types of object item, so i do this 2 times: show you: function votos_usuario($id){ $previa = "SELECT id FROM preguntas WHERE id_usuario = '$id'"; $r_previo = mysql_query($previa); $ids_p = '0, '; while($items_previos = mysql_fetch_array($r_previo)){ $ids_p .= $items_previos['id'].", "; //echo "ids pregunta usuario: ".$items_previos['id']."<br>"; } $ids = substr($ids_p,0,-2); //echo $ids; $consulta = "SELECT valor FROM votos_pregunta WHERE id_pregunta IN ( $ids )"; //echo $consulta; $resultado = mysql_query($consulta); $votos_preguntas = 0; while($voto = mysql_fetch_array($resultado)){ $votos_preguntas = $votos_preguntas + $voto['valor']; } $previa_r = "SELECT id FROM recetas WHERE id_usuario = '$id'"; $r_previo_r = mysql_query($previa_r); $ids_r = '0, '; while($items_previos_r = mysql_fetch_array($r_previo_r)){ $ids_r .= $items_previos_r['id'].", "; //echo "ids pregunta usuario: ".$items_previos['id']."<br>"; } $ids = substr($ids_r,0,-2); $consulta_b = "SELECT valor FROM votos_receta WHERE id_receta IN ( $ids )"; //echo $consulta; $resultado_b = mysql_query($consulta_b); $votos_recetas = 0; while($voto_r = mysql_fetch_array($resultado_b)){ $votos_recetas = $votos_recetas + $voto_r['valor']; } $total = $votos_preguntas + $votos_recetas; return $total; } As you can si this is two much.. O(n^2) Feel like thinking? thanks!

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  • Query not returning rows in a table that don't have corresponding values in another [associative] ta

    - by Obay
    I have Table: ARTICLES ID | CONTENT --------------- 1 | the quick 2 | brown fox 3 | jumps over 4 | the lazy Table: WRITERS ID | NAME ---------- 1 | paul 2 | mike 3 | andy Table: ARTICLES_TO_WRITERS ARTICLE_ID | WRITER_ID ----------------------- 1 | 1 2 | 2 3 | 3 To summarize, article 4 has no writer. So when I do a "search" for articles with the word "the": SELECT a.id, a.content, w.name FROM articles a, writers w, articles_to_writers atw WHERE a.id=atw.article_id AND w.id=atw.writer_id AND content LIKE '%the%' article 4 does not show up in the result: ID | CONTENT | NAME ----------------------- 1 | the quick | paul How do I make article 4 still appear in the results even though it has no writers?

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  • Optimize MYSQL Query with Order by

    - by Victor
    Hello, I have seen mysql queries with order by runs slow. Is there any specific way to optimize queries which use order by ? Queries without order by run very fast but with order by its always runs slow. if any one suggest any thing on this as general solutions. Thank You

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  • How to optimize this user ranking query

    - by James Simpson
    I have 2 databases (users, userRankings) for a system that needs to have rankings updated every 10 minutes. I use the following code to update these rankings which works fairly well, but there is still a full table scan involved which slows things down with a few hundred thousand users. mysql_query("TRUNCATE TABLE userRankings"); mysql_query("INSERT INTO userRankings (userid) SELECT id FROM users ORDER BY score DESC"); mysql_query("UPDATE users a, userRankings b SET a.rank = b.rank WHERE a.id = b.userid"); In the userRankings table, rank is the primary key and userid is an index. Both tables are MyISAM (I've wondered if it might be beneficial to make userRankings InnoDB).

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  • Select distinct users with referrals

    - by Mark
    I have a bunch of Users. Since Django doesn't really let me extend the default User model, they each have Profiles. The Profiles have a referred_by field (a FK to User). I'm trying to get a list of Users with = 1 referral. Here's what I've got so far Profile.objects.filter(referred_by__isnull=False).values_list('referred_by', flat=True) Which gives me a list of IDs of the users who have referrals... but I need it to be distinct, and I want the User object, not their ID. Or better yet, it would be nice if it could return the number of referrals a user has. Any ideas?

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  • django+uploadify - don't working

    - by Erico
    Hi, I'm trying to use an example posted on the "github" the link is http://github.com/tstone/django-uploadify. And I'm having trouble getting work. can you help me? I followed step by step, but does not work. Accessing the "URL" / upload / the only thing is that returns "True" part of settings.py import os PROJECT_ROOT_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(file)) MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT_PATH, 'media') TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT_PATH, 'templates')) urls.py from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from django.conf import settings from teste.uploadify.views import * from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'upload/$', upload, name='uploadify_upload'), ) views.py from django.http import HttpResponse import django.dispatch upload_received = django.dispatch.Signal(providing_args=['data']) def upload(request, *args, **kwargs): if request.method == 'POST': if request.FILES: upload_received.send(sender='uploadify', data=request.FILES['Filedata']) return HttpResponse('True') models.py from django.db import models def upload_received_handler(sender, data, **kwargs): if file: new_media = Media.objects.create( file = data, new_upload = True, ) new_media.save() upload_received.connect(upload_received_handler, dispatch_uid='uploadify.media.upload_received') class Media(models.Model): file = models.FileField(upload_to='images/upload/', null=True, blank=True) new_upload = models.BooleanField() uploadify_tags.py from django import template from teste import settings register = template.Library() @register.inclusion_tag('uploadify/multi_file_upload.html', takes_context=True) def multi_file_upload(context, upload_complete_url): """ * filesUploaded - The total number of files uploaded * errors - The total number of errors while uploading * allBytesLoaded - The total number of bytes uploaded * speed - The average speed of all uploaded files """ return { 'upload_complete_url' : upload_complete_url, 'uploadify_path' : settings.UPLOADIFY_PATH, # checar essa linha 'upload_path' : settings.UPLOADIFY_UPLOAD_PATH, } template - uploadify/multi_file_upload.html {% load uploadify_tags }{ multi_file_upload '/media/images/upload/' %} <script type="text/javascript" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}js/swfobject.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}js/jquery.uploadify.js"></script> <div id="uploadify" class="multi-file-upload"><input id="fileInput" name="fileInput" type="file" /></div> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $(document).ready(function() { $('#fileInput').uploadify({ 'uploader' : '/media/swf/uploadify.swf', 'script' : '{% url uploadify_upload %}', 'cancelImg' : '/media/images/uploadify-remove.png/', 'auto' : true, 'folder' : '/media/images/upload/', 'multi' : true, 'onAllComplete' : allComplete }); }); function allComplete(event, data) { $('#uploadify').load('{{ upload_complete_url }}', { 'filesUploaded' : data.filesUploaded, 'errorCount' : data.errors, 'allBytesLoaded' : data.allBytesLoaded, 'speed' : data.speed }); // raise custom event $('#uploadify') .trigger('allUploadsComplete', data); } // ]]</script>

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  • django: can't adapt error when importing data from postgres database

    - by Oleg Tarasenko
    Hi, I'm having strange error with installing fixture from dumped data. I am using psycopg2, and django1.1.1 silver:probsbox oleg$ python manage.py loaddata /Users/oleg/probs.json Installing json fixture '/Users/oleg/probs' from '/Users/oleg/probs'. Problem installing fixture '/Users/oleg/probs.json': Traceback (most recent call last): File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py", line 153, in handle obj.save() File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/core/serializers/base.py", line 163, in save models.Model.save_base(self.object, raw=True) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 495, in save_base result = manager._insert(values, return_id=update_pk) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 177, in _insert return insert_query(self.model, values, **kwargs) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1087, in insert_query return query.execute_sql(return_id) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/subqueries.py", line 320, in execute_sql cursor = super(InsertQuery, self).execute_sql(None) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 2369, in execute_sql cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py", line 19, in execute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) ProgrammingError: can't adapt First I've checked similar issues on internet. This one seemed to be very related: http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/5996, as my data has many non ASCII symbols But actually I've checked my django installation and it's ok there Could you advice what is wrong

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  • django+mod_wsgi on virtualenv not working

    - by jwesonga
    I've just finished setting up a django app on virtualenv, deployment went smoothly using a fabric script, but now the .wsgi is not working, I've tried every variation on the internet but no luck. My .wsgi file is: import os import sys import django.core.handlers.wsgi # put the Django project on sys.path root_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__) + '../') sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(root_path, 'kcdf')) sys.path.insert(0, root_path) os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'kcdf.settings' application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler() I keep getting the same error: [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] mod_wsgi (pid=16938): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/kcdfweb/webapps/kcdf.web/releases/current/kcdf/apache/kcdf.wsgi'. [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] Traceback (most recent call last): [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 230, in __call__ [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] self.load_middleware() [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 33, in load_middleware [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] for middleware_path in settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES: [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 269, in __getattr__ [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] self._setup() [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 40, in _setup [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module) [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 75, in __init__ [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] raise ImportError, "Could not import settings '%s' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): %s" % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e) [Sun Apr 18 12:44:30 2010] [error] [client 41.215.123.159] ImportError: Could not import settings 'kcdf.settings' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named kcdf.settings my virtual environment is on /home/user/webapps/kcdfweb my app is /home/user/webapps/kcdf.web/releases/current/project_name my wsgi file home/user/webapps/kcdf.web/releases/current/project_name/apache/project_name.wsgi

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  • Trying to get django app to work with mod_wsgi on CentOS 5

    - by David
    I'm running CentOS 5, and am trying to get a django application working with mod_wsgi. I'm using .wsgi settings I got working on Ubuntu. Here is the error: [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] SystemError: dynamic module not initialized properly [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] mod_wsgi (pid=23630): Target WSGI script '/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] mod_wsgi (pid=23630): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi'. [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] Traceback (most recent call last): [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/data/hosting/cubedev/apache/django.wsgi", line 8, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] import django.core.handlers.wsgi [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 1, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from threading import Lock [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/threading.py", line 13, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from functools import wraps [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] File "/opt/python2.6/lib/python2.6/functools.py", line 10, in [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] from _functools import partial, reduce [Thu Mar 04 10:52:15 2010] [error] [client 10.1.0.251] SystemError: dynamic module not initialized properly And here is my .wsgi file import os import sys os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = '/tmp/django/' os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'cube.settings' sys.path.append('/data/hosting/cubedev') import django.core.handlers.wsgi application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

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