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• x86_64 printf segfault after brk call

  - by gmb11

  While i was trying do use brk (int 0x80 with 45 in %rax) to implement a simple memory manager program in assembly and print the blocks in order, i kept getting segfault. After a while i could only reproduce the error, but have no idea why is this happening: .section .data helloworld: .ascii "hello world" .section .text .globl _start _start: push %rbp mov %rsp, %rbp movq $45, %rax movq $0, %rbx #brk(0) should just return the current break of the programm int $0x80 #incq %rax #segfault #addq $1, %rax #segfault movq $0, %rax #works fine? #addq $1, %rax #segfault again? movq $helloworld, %rdi call printf movq $1, %rax #exit int $0x80 In the example here, if the commented lines are uncommented, i have a segfault, but some commands (like de movq $0, %rax) work just fine. In my other program, the first couple printf work, but the third crashes... Looking for other questions, i heard that printf sometimes allocates some memory, and that the brk shouldn't be used, because in this case it corrupts the heap or something... I'm very confused, does anyone know something about that? EDIT: I've just found out that for printf to work you need %rax=0.

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• What would you like to correct and/or improve in this java implementation of Chain Of Responsibility

  - by Maciek Kreft

  package design.pattern.behavioral; import design.pattern.behavioral.ChainOfResponsibility.*; public class ChainOfResponsibility { public static class Chain { private Request[] requests = null; private Handler[] handlers = null; public Chain(Handler[] handlers, Request[] requests){ this.handlers = handlers; this.requests = requests; } public void start() { for(Request r : requests) for (Handler h : handlers) if(h.handle(r)) break; } } public static class Request { private int value; public Request setValue(int value){ this.value = value; return this; } public int getValue() { return value; } } public static class Handler<T1> { private Lambda<T1> lambda = null; private Lambda<T1> command = null; public Handler(Lambda<T1> condition, Lambda<T1> command) { this.lambda = condition; this.command = command; } public boolean handle(T1 request) { if (lambda.lambda(request)) command.lambda(request); return lambda.lambda(request); } } public static abstract class Lambda<T1>{ public abstract Boolean lambda(T1 request); } } class TestChainOfResponsibility { public static void main(String[] args) { new TestChainOfResponsibility().test(); } private void test() { new Chain(new Handler[]{ // chain of responsibility new Handler<Request>( new Lambda<Request>(){ // command public Boolean lambda(Request condition) { return condition.getValue() >= 600; } }, new Lambda<Request>(){ public Boolean lambda(Request command) { System.out.println("You are rich: " + command.getValue() + " (id: " + command.hashCode() + ")"); return true; } } ), new Handler<Request>( new Lambda<Request>(){ public Boolean lambda(Request condition) { return condition.getValue() >= 100; } }, new Lambda<Request>(){ public Boolean lambda(Request command) { System.out.println("You are poor: " + command.getValue() + " (id: " + command.hashCode() + ")"); return true; } } ), }, new Request[]{ new Request().setValue(600), // chaining method new Request().setValue(100), } ).start(); } }

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• Obj-C: ++variable is increasing by two instead of one

  - by Eli Garfinkel

  I am writing a program that asks users yes/no questions to help them decide how to vote in an election. I have a variable representing the question number called questionnumber. Each time I go through the switch-break loop, I add 1 to the questionnumber variable so that the next question will be displayed. This works fine for the first two questions. But then it skips the third question and moves on to the fourth. When I have more questions in the list, it skips every other question. Somewhere, for some reasons, the questionnumber variable is increasing when I don't want it to. Please look at the code below and tell me what I'm doing wrong. Thank you! Eli import "MainView.h" import @implementation MainView @synthesize Question; @synthesize mispar; int conservative = 0; int liberal = 0; int questionnumber = 1; (IBAction)agreebutton:(id)sender { ++liberal; } (IBAction)disagreebutton:(id)sender { ++conservative; } (IBAction)nextbutton:(id)sender { ++questionnumber; switch (questionnumber) { case 2: Question.text = @"Congress should pass a law that would ban Americans from earning more than one hundred million dollars in any given year."; break; case 3: Question.text = @"It is not fair to admit people to a university or employ them on the basis of merit alone. Factors such as race, gender, class, and sexual orientation must also be considered."; break; case 4: Question.text = @"There are two Americas - one for the rich and one for the poor."; break; case 5: Question.text = @"Top quality health care should be free for all."; break; default: break; } } @end

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• Problem with JSTL and weblogic

  - by Jeune

  I get the following error when I run my java ee app on weblogic, javax.servlet.jsp.el.ELException: Cannot find PropertyDescriptor for 'name' for bean 'class java.lang.String' I want to print a list of artists with the following class, public class Artist { private int id; private String name; private String genre; public Artist() { } public Artist(String name){ this.name=name; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } public String getGenre() { return genre; } public void setGenre(String genre) { this.genre = genre; } } The following lines of code seem to be causing the problem because when I remove it I don't get the error anymore. <c:forEach items="artists" var="artist"> <c:out value="${artist.name}"></c:out><br/> </c:forEach> When I use PrintWriter to print, it works: for (Artist artist:artists){ resp.getWriter().println(artist.getName()); } I am using java ee 2.4 and weblogic 9.2

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• how to manage a "resource" array efficiently

  - by Haiyuan Zhang

  The senario of my question is that one need to use a fixed size of array to keep track of certain number of "objects" . The object here can be as simply as a integer or as complex as very fancy data structure. And "keep track" here means to allocate one object when other part of the app need one instance of object and recyle it for future allocation when one instance of the object is returned .Finally ,let me use c++ to put my problme in a more descriptive way . #define MAX 65535 /* 65535 just indicate that many items should be handled . performance demanding! */ typedef struct { int item ; }Item_t; Item_t items[MAX] ; class itemManager { private : /* up to you.... */ public : int get() ; /* get one index to a free Item_t in items */ bool put(int index) ; /* recyle one Item_t indicate by one index in items */ } how will you implement the two public functions of itemManager ? it's up to you to add any private member .

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• how to compare the two xml files and update the one xml file in java?

  - by prasad.gai

  I have created two xml files from those xml file i would like to compare one xml file with another xml file and update the xml file. I have created an xml file as follows: main.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:background="#00BFFF"> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/linearLayout1" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:visibility="visible"> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/linearLayout2" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:visibility="visible"> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout> </ScrollView> properties.xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='yes' ?> <map> <int name="linearLayout1" value="8" /> <int name="linearLayout2" value="0" /> </map> from the above two xml files i would like to compare with LinearLayout android:id ="@id/LinearLayout1" from main.xml with int name ="linearLayout1" from properties.xml. from the above properties.xml file where name ="linearLayout1" and value ="8" then i would like to update the main.xml file where as LinearLayout android:id="@id/linearLayout1" propertie value as android:visibility="gone" From the above xml file how can i update main.xml file by comparing properties.xml? please any body help me.....

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• UTF-8 to Unicode conversion

  - by sandeep

  Hi, I am having problems with converting UTF-8 to Unicode. Below is the code: int charset_convert( char * string, char * to_string,char* charset_from, char* charset_to) { char *from_buf, *to_buf, *pointer; size_t inbytesleft, outbytesleft, ret; size_t TotalLen; iconv_t cd; if (!charset_from || !charset_to || !string) /* sanity check */ return -1; if (strlen(string) < 1) return 0; /* we are done, nothing to convert */ cd = iconv_open(charset_to, charset_from); /* Did I succeed in getting a conversion descriptor ? */ if (cd == (iconv_t)(-1)) { /* I guess not */ printf("Failed to convert string from %s to %s ", charset_from, charset_to); return -1; } from_buf = string; inbytesleft = strlen(string); /* allocate max sized buffer, assuming target encoding may be 4 byte unicode */ outbytesleft = inbytesleft *4 ; pointer = to_buf = (char *)malloc(outbytesleft); memset(to_buf,0,outbytesleft); memset(pointer,0,outbytesleft); ret = iconv(cd, &from_buf, &inbytesleft, &pointer, &outbytesleft);ing memcpy(to_string,to_buf,(pointer-to_buf); } main(): int main() { char UTF []= {'A', 'B'}; char Unicode[1024]= {0}; char* ptr; int x=0; iconv_t cd; charset_convert(UTF,Unicode,"UTF-8","UNICODE"); ptr = Unicode; while(*ptr != '\0') { printf("Unicode %x \n",*ptr); ptr++; } return 0; } It should give A and B but i am getting: ffffffff fffffffe 41 Thanks, Sandeep

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• How to avoid serializing zero values with Simple Xml

  - by Bram Vandenbussche

  I'm trying to serialise an object using simple xml (http://simple.sourceforge.net/). The object setup is pretty simple: @Root(name = "order_history") public class OrderHistory { @Element(name = "id", required = false) public int ID; @Element(name = "id_order_state") public int StateID; @Element(name = "id_order") public int OrderID; } The problem is when I create a new instance of this class without an ID: OrderHistory newhistory = new OrderHistory(); newhistory.OrderID = _orderid; newhistory.StateID = _stateid; and I serialize it via simple xml: StringWriter xml = new StringWriter(); Serializer serializer = new Persister(); serializer.write(newhistory, xml); it still reads 0 in the resulting xml: <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <order_history> <id>0</id> <id_order>2</id_order> <id_order_state>8</id_order_state> </order_history> I'm guessing the reason for this is that the ID property is not null, since integers can't be null. But I really need to get rid of this node, and I'd rather not remove it manually. Any clues anyone?

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• Memory Leak question

  - by franz

  I am having a memory leak issue with the following code. As much as I can tell I don't see why the problem persists but it still does not release when called. I am detecting the problem in instruments and the following code is keeping its "cards" classes alive even when it should had released them. Any help welcome. ... ... -(id)initDeckWithCardsPicked: (NSMutableArray*)cardsPicked andColors:(NSMutableArray*)cardColors { self = [self init]; if (self != nil) { int count = [cardsPicked count]; for (int i=0; i<count; i++) { int cardNum = [[cardsPicked objectAtIndex:i] integerValue]; Card * card = [[MemoryCard alloc] initWithSerialNumber:cardNum position: CGPointZero color:[cardColors objectAtIndex:i]]; [_cards addObject: card]; [card release]; } } return self; } - (id) init { self = [super init]; if (self != nil) { self.bounds = (CGRect){{0,0},[Card cardSize]}; self.cornerRadius = 8; self.backgroundColor = kAlmostInvisibleWhiteColor; self.borderColor = kHighlightColor; self.cards = [NSMutableArray array]; } return self; } ... ...

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• The type of field isn't supported by declared persistence strategy "OneToMany"

  - by Robert

  We are new to JPA and trying to setup a very simple one to many relationship where a pojo called Message can have a list of integer group id's defined by a join table called GROUP_ASSOC. Here is the DDL: CREATE TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE" ( "MESSAGE_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (START WITH 1, INCREMENT BY 1) ); ALTER TABLE "APP"."MESSAGE" ADD CONSTRAINT "MESSAGE_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("MESSAGE_ID"); CREATE TABLE "APP"."GROUP_ASSOC" ( "GROUP_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL, "MESSAGE_ID" INTEGER NOT NULL ); ALTER TABLE "APP"."GROUP_ASSOC" ADD CONSTRAINT "GROUP_ASSOC_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("MESSAGE_ID", "GROUP_ID"); ALTER TABLE "APP"."GROUP_ASSOC" ADD CONSTRAINT "GROUP_ASSOC_FK" FOREIGN KEY ("MESSAGE_ID") REFERENCES "APP"."MESSAGE" ("MESSAGE_ID"); Here is the pojo: @Entity @Table(name = "MESSAGE") public class Message { @Id @Column(name = "MESSAGE_ID") @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private int messageId; @OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.LAZY, cascade=CascadeType.PERSIST) private List groupIds; public int getMessageId() { return messageId; } public void setMessageId(int messageId) { this.messageId = messageId; } public List getGroupIds() { return groupIds; } public void setGroupIds(List groupIds) { this.groupIds = groupIds; } } When we try to execute the following test code we get <openjpa-1.2.3-SNAPSHOT-r422266:907835 fatal user error> org.apache.openjpa.util.MetaDataException: The type of field "pojo.Message.groupIds" isn't supported by declared persistence strategy "OneToMany". Please choose a different strategy. Message msg = new Message(); List groups = new ArrayList(); groups.add(101); groups.add(102); EntityManager em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("TestDBWeb").createEntityManager(); em.getTransaction().begin(); em.persist(msg); em.getTransaction().commit(); Help!

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• List.Sort in C#: comparer being called with null object

  - by cbp

  I am getting strange behaviour using the built-in C# List.Sort function with a custom comparer. For some reason it sometimes calls the comparer class's Compare method with a null object as one of the parameters. But if I check the list with the debugger there are no null objects in the collection. My comparer class looks like this: public class DelegateToComparer<T> : IComparer<T> { private readonly Func<T,T,int> _comparer; public int Compare(T x, T y) { return _comparer(x, y); } public DelegateToComparer(Func<T, T, int> comparer) { _comparer = comparer; } } This allows a delegate to be passed to the List.Sort method, like this: mylist.Sort(new DelegateToComparer<MyClass>( (x, y) => { return x.SomeProp.CompareTo(y.SomeProp); }); So the above delegate will throw a null reference exception for the x parameter, even though no elements of mylist are null. UPDATE: Yes I am absolutely sure that it is parameter x throwing the null reference exception! UPDATE: Instead of using the framework's List.Sort method, I tried a custom sort method (i.e. new BubbleSort().Sort(mylist)) and the problem went away. As I suspected, the List.Sort method passes null to the comparer for some reason.

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• Idiomatic STL: Iterating over a list and inserting elements

  - by mkilling

  I'm writing an algorithm that iterates over a list of points, calculates the distance between them and inserts additional points if the distance is too great. However I seem to be lacking the proper familiarity with STL to come up with an elegant solution. I'm hoping that I can learn something, so I'll just show you my code. You might have some hints for me. for (std::list<PathPoint>::iterator it = ++points_.begin(); it != points_.end(); it++) { Vector curPos = it->getPosition(); Vector prevPos = (--it)->getPosition(); Vector vecFromPrev = curPos - prevPos; float distance = vecFromPrev.abs(); it++; if (distance > MAX_DISTANCE_BETWEEN_POINTS) { int pointsToInsert = (int)(distance / MAX_DISTANCE_BETWEEN_POINTS); Vector curPos = prevPos; for (int i = 0; i < pointsToInsert; i++) { curPos += vecFromPrev / pointsToInsert; it = points_.insert(it, PathPoint(curPos, false)); it++; } } }

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• How to delete duplicate vectors within a multidimensional vector?

  - by David

  I have a vector of vectors: vector< vector<int> > BigVec; It contains an arbitrary number of vectors, each of an arbitrary size. I want to delete not duplicate elements of each vector, but any vectors that are the exact same as another. I don't need to preserve the order of the vectors so I can sort etc.. It should be a really simple problem to solve but I'm new to this, my (not-working) best effort: for (int i = 0; i < BigVec.size(); i++) { for (int j = 1; j < BigVec.size() ; j++ ) { if (BigVec[i][0] == BigVec [j][i]); { BigVec.erase(BigVec.begin() + j); i = 0; // because i get the impression deleting a j = 1; // vector messes up a simple iteration through } } } I think there might be a solution using Unique(), but I can't get that to work either.

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• How do I relate tables with different foreign key names in Kohana ORM?

  - by Matt H

  I'm building a Kohaha application to manage sip lines in asterisk. I'm wanting to use ORM but I'm wondering how do relate certain tables that are already well established. e.g. the table sip_lines looks like this. +--------------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+ | id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | sip_name | varchar(80) | NO | UNI | NULL | | | displayname | varchar(48) | NO | | NULL | | | line_num | varchar(10) | NO | MUL | NULL | | | model | varchar(12) | NO | MUL | NULL | | | mac | varchar(16) | NO | MUL | NULL | | | areacode | varchar(6) | NO | MUL | NULL | | | per_line_astpp_acc | tinyint(1) | NO | | 0 | | | play_warning | tinyint(1) | NO | | 0 | | | callout_disabled | tinyint(1) | NO | | 0 | | | notes | varchar(80) | NO | | NULL | | | last_update | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | +--------------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+ sip_buddies is this: +----------------+------------------------------+------+-----+-----------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------------+------------------------------+------+-----+-----------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(80) | NO | UNI | | | | host | varchar(31) | NO | | | | | | | lastms | int(11) | NO | | 0 *** snip *** +----------------+------------------------------+------+-----+-----------+----------------+ The two tables are actually related as sip_lines.sip_name = sip_buddies.name How do I relate them in Kohana ORM as this wouldn't be quite right would it? <?php defined('SYSPATH') or die('No direct script access.'); /* A model for all the account information */ class Sip_Line_Model extends ORM { protected $has_one = array("sip_buddies"); } ?> EDIT: Actually, it'd be fair to say that these tables are not properly related with foreign keys! doh. EDIT: Looks like Kohana ORM is not that flexible. ORM is probably not the way to go and works best for completely new projects where the data model can be altered. The reason being that the key names must follow a specific naming convention or else they won't relate in Kohana.

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• Extension methods conflict

  - by Yochai Timmer

  Lets say I have 2 extension methods to string, in 2 different namespaces: namespace test1 { public static class MyExtensions { public static int TestMethod(this String str) { return 1; } } } namespace test2 { public static class MyExtensions2 { public static int TestMethod(this String str) { return 2; } } } These methods are just for example, they don't really do anything. Now lets consider this piece of code: using System; using test1; using test2; namespace blah { public static class Blah { public Blah() { string a = "test"; int i = a.TestMethod(); //Which one is chosen ? } } } I know that only one of the extension methods will be chosen. Which one will it be ? and why ? How can I choose a certain method from a certain namespace ? Edit: Usually I'd use Namespace.ClassNAME.Method() ... But that just beats the whole idea of extension methods. And I don't think you can use Variable.Namespace.Method()

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• C# Using Enumerable Range and Except with custom class to determine missing sequence number

  - by Jon

  I have a List<MyClass> The class is like this: private class MyClass { public string Name{ get; set; } public int SequenceNumber { get; set; } } I want to work out what Sequence numbers might be missing. I can see how to do this here however because this is a class I am unsure what to do? I think I can handle the except method ok with my own IComparer but the Range method I can't figure out because it only excepts int so this doesn't compile: Enumerable.Range(0, 1000000).Except(chqList, MyEqualityComparer<MyClass>); Here is the IComparer: public class MyEqualityComparer<T> : IEqualityComparer<T> where T : MyClass { #region IEqualityComparer<T> Members public bool Equals(T x, T y) { return (x == null && y == null) || (x != null && y != null && x.SequenceNumber.Equals(y.SequenceNumber)); } /// </exception> public int GetHashCode(T obj) { if (obj == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("obj"); } return obj.GetHashCode(); } #endregion }

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• Fork in Perl not working inside a while loop reading from file

  - by Sag

  Hi, I'm running a while loop reading each line in a file, and then fork processes with the data of the line to a child. After N lines I want to wait for the child processes to end and continue with the next N lines, etc. It looks something like this: while ($w=<INP>) { # ignore file header if ($w=~m/^\D/) { next;} # get data from line chomp $w; @ws = split(/\s/,$w); $m = int($ws[0]); $d = int($ws[1]); $h = int($ws[2]); # only for some days in the year if (($m==3)and($d==15) or ($m==4)and($d==21) or ($m==7)and($d==18)) { die "could not fork" unless defined (my $pid = fork); unless ($pid) { some instructions here using $m, $d, $h ... } push @qpid,$pid; # when all processors are busy, wait for child processes if ($#qpid==($procs-1)) { for my $pid (@qpid) { waitpid $pid, 0; } reset 'q'; } } } close INP; This is not working. After the first round of processes I get some PID equal to 0, the @qpid array gets mixed up, and the file starts to get read at (apparently) random places, jumping back and forth. The end result is that most lines in the file get read two or three times. Any ideas? Thanks a lot in advance, S.

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• String method crashes program...

  - by TimothyTech

  Alright so i have two identical string methods... string CreateCust() { string nameArray[] ={"Tom","Timo","Sally","Kelly","Bob","Thomas","Samantha","Maria"}; int d = rand() % (8 - 1 + 1) + 1; string e = nameArray[d]; return e; } string CreateFood() { string nameArray[] = {"spagetti", "ChickenSoup", "Menudo"}; int d = rand() % (3 - 1 + 1) + 1; string f = nameArray[d]; return f; } however no matter what i do it the guts of CreateFood it will always crash. i created a test chassis for it and it always fails at the cMeal = CreateFood(); Customer Cnow; cout << "test1" << endl; cMeal = Cnow.CreateFood(); cout << "test1" << endl; cCustomer = Cnow.CreateCust(); cout << "test1" << endl; i even switched CreateCust with CreateFood and it still fails at the CreateFood Function... NOTE: if i make createFood a int method it does work...

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• ContentControl + RenderTargetBitmap + empty image

  - by Kellls

  Im trying to create some chart images without ever displaying those charts on the screen. I'v been at this for quite a while and tried a lot of different things but nothing seems to work. The code works perfectly if I display the chart in a window first, but if I don't display it in a window, the bitmap is just white with a black border (no idea why). I have tried adding the chart to a border before rendering and giving the border a green borderBrush. In the bitmap, I see the green borderBrush then the black border and white background but no chart. I don't know where the black border is coming from as the chart is not contained in a black border. I have tried adding the chart to a window without calling window.Show() and again just the black boarder and white background. However if I call window.Show() the bitmap contains the chart. I have tried using a drawingVisual as explained here, same result. Here is the code (not including adding the element to a border or window): private static BitmapSource CreateElementScreenshot(FrameworkElement element, int dpi) { if (!element.IsMeasureValid) { Size size = new Size(element.Width, element.Height); element.Measure(size); element.Arrange(new Rect(size)); } element.UpdateLayout(); var scale = dpi/96.0; var renderTargetBitmap = new RenderTargetBitmap ( (int)(scale * element.RenderSize.Width),(int)(scale * element.RenderSize.Height),dpi,dpi,PixelFormats.Default ); // this is waiting for dispatcher to perform measure, arrange and render passes element.Dispatcher.Invoke(((Action)(() => renderTargetBitmap.Render(element))), DispatcherPriority.Render); return renderTargetBitmap; } Note: The chart is a ContentControl. Is there anyway I can get the chart to render without displaying it in a window first?

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• Weird behaviour of C++ destructors

  - by Vilx-

  #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; int main() { vector< vector<int> > dp(50000, vector<int>(4, -1)); cout << dp.size(); } This tiny program takes a split second to execute when simply run from the command line. But when run in a debugger, it takes over 8 seconds. Pausing the debugger reveals that it is in the middle of destroying all those vectors. WTF? Note - Visual Studio 2008 SP1, Core 2 Duo 6700 CPU with 2GB of RAM. Added: To clarify, no, I'm not confusing Debug and Release builds. These results are on one and the same .exe, without even any recompiling inbetween. In fact, switching between Debug and Release builds changes nothing.

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• strict aliasing and alignment

  - by cooky451

  I need a safe way to alias between arbitrary POD types, conforming to ISO-C++11 explicitly considering 3.10/10 and 3.11 of n3242 or later. There are a lot of questions about strict aliasing here, most of them regarding C and not C++. I found a "solution" for C which uses unions, probably using this section union type that includes one of the aforementioned types among its elements or nonstatic data members From that I built this. #include <iostream> template <typename T, typename U> T& access_as(U* p) { union dummy_union { U dummy; T destination; }; dummy_union* u = (dummy_union*)p; return u->destination; } struct test { short s; int i; }; int main() { int buf[2]; static_assert(sizeof(buf) >= sizeof(double), ""); static_assert(sizeof(buf) >= sizeof(test), ""); access_as<double>(buf) = 42.1337; std::cout << access_as<double>(buf) << '\n'; access_as<test>(buf).s = 42; access_as<test>(buf).i = 1234; std::cout << access_as<test>(buf).s << '\n'; std::cout << access_as<test>(buf).i << '\n'; } My question is, just to be sure, is this program legal according to the standard?* It doesn't give any warnings whatsoever and works fine when compiling with MinGW/GCC 4.6.2 using: g++ -std=c++0x -Wall -Wextra -O3 -fstrict-aliasing -o alias.exe alias.cpp * Edit: And if not, how could one modify this to be legal?

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• 'SImple' 2 class Java calculator doesn't accept inputs or do calculations

  - by Tony O'Keeffe

  Hi, I'm trying to get a two class java calculator working (new to java) to work but so far i'm having no success. the two classes are outlined below, calcFrame is for the interface and calEngine should do the actual calculations but i can't get them to talk to one another. i'd really appreciate any assistance on same. Thanks. CalcFrame Code - import java.awt.; import javax.swing.; import javax.swing.border.; import java.awt.event.; /** *A Class that operates as the framework for a calculator. *No calculations are performed in this section */ public class CalcFrame implements ActionListener { private CalcEngine calc; private JFrame frame; private JTextField display; private JLabel status; /** * Constructor for objects of class GridLayoutExample */ public CalcFrame() { makeFrame(); //calc = engine; } /** * This allows you to quit the calculator. */ // Alows the class to quit. private void quit() { System.exit(0); } // Calls the dialog frame with the information about the project. private void showAbout() { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Group Project", "About Calculator Group Project", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE); } private void makeFrame() { frame = new JFrame("Group Project Calculator"); makeMenuBar(frame); JPanel contentPane = (JPanel)frame.getContentPane(); contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout(8, 8)); contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder( 10, 10, 10, 10)); /** * Insert a text field */ display = new JTextField(); contentPane.add(display, BorderLayout.NORTH); //Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane(); contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4)); JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 4)); contentPane.add(new JButton("1")); contentPane.add(new JButton("2")); contentPane.add(new JButton("3")); contentPane.add(new JButton("4")); contentPane.add(new JButton("5")); contentPane.add(new JButton("6")); contentPane.add(new JButton("7")); contentPane.add(new JButton("8")); contentPane.add(new JButton("9")); contentPane.add(new JButton("0")); contentPane.add(new JButton("+")); contentPane.add(new JButton("-")); contentPane.add(new JButton("/")); contentPane.add(new JButton("*")); contentPane.add(new JButton("=")); contentPane.add(new JButton("C")); contentPane.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER); //status = new JLabel(calc.getAuthor()); //contentPane.add(status, BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } /** * Create the main frame's menu bar. * The frame that the menu bar should be added to. */ private void makeMenuBar(JFrame frame) { final int SHORTCUT_MASK = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getMenuShortcutKeyMask(); JMenuBar menubar = new JMenuBar(); frame.setJMenuBar(menubar); JMenu menu; JMenuItem item; // create the File menu menu = new JMenu("File"); menubar.add(menu); // create the Quit menu with a shortcut "Q" key. item = new JMenuItem("Quit"); item.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_Q, SHORTCUT_MASK)); item.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { quit(); } }); menu.add(item); // Adds an about menu. menu = new JMenu("About"); menubar.add(menu); // Displays item = new JMenuItem("Calculator Project"); item.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { showAbout(); } }); menu.add(item); } /** * An interface action has been performed. * Find out what it was and handle it. * @param event The event that has occured. */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { String command = event.getActionCommand(); if(command.equals("0") || command.equals("1") || command.equals("2") || command.equals("3") || command.equals("4") || command.equals("5") || command.equals("6") || command.equals("7") || command.equals("8") || command.equals("9")) { int number = Integer.parseInt(command); calc.numberPressed(number); } else if(command.equals("+")) { calc.plus(); } else if(command.equals("-")) { calc.minus(); } else if(command.equals("=")) { calc.equals(); } else if(command.equals("C")) { calc.clear(); } else if(command.equals("?")) { } // else unknown command. redisplay(); } /** * Update the interface display to show the current value of the * calculator. */ private void redisplay() { display.setText("" + calc.getDisplayValue()); } /** * Toggle the info display in the calculator's status area between the * author and version information. */ } CalcEngine - public class CalcEngine { // The calculator's state is maintained in three fields: // buildingDisplayValue, haveLeftOperand, and lastOperator. // The current value (to be) shown in the display. private int displayValue; // The value of an existing left operand. private int leftOperand; /** * Create a CalcEngine. */ public CalcEngine() { clear(); } public int getDisplayValue() { return displayValue; } /** * A number button was pressed. * Either start a new operand, or incorporate this number as * the least significant digit of an existing one. * @param number The number pressed on the calculator. */ public void numberPressed(int number) { if(buildingDisplayValue) { // Incorporate this digit. displayValue = displayValue*10 + number; } else { // Start building a new number. displayValue = number; buildingDisplayValue = true; } } /** * The 'plus' button was pressed. */ public void plus() { applyOperator('+'); } /** * The 'minus' button was pressed. */ public void minus() { applyOperator('-'); } /** * The '=' button was pressed. */ public void equals() { // This should completes the building of a second operand, // so ensure that we really have a left operand, an operator // and a right operand. if(haveLeftOperand && lastOperator != '?' && buildingDisplayValue) { calculateResult(); lastOperator = '?'; buildingDisplayValue = false; } else { keySequenceError(); } } /** * The 'C' (clear) button was pressed. * Reset everything to a starting state. */ public void clear() { lastOperator = '?'; haveLeftOperand = false; buildingDisplayValue = false; displayValue = 0; } /** * @return The title of this calculation engine. */ public String getTitle() { return "Java Calculator"; } /** * @return The author of this engine. */ public String getAuthor() { return "David J. Barnes and Michael Kolling"; } /** * @return The version number of this engine. */ public String getVersion() { return "Version 1.0"; } /** * Combine leftOperand, lastOperator, and the * current display value. * The result becomes both the leftOperand and * the new display value. */ private void calculateResult() { switch(lastOperator) { case '+': displayValue = leftOperand + displayValue; haveLeftOperand = true; leftOperand = displayValue; break; case '-': displayValue = leftOperand - displayValue; haveLeftOperand = true; leftOperand = displayValue; break; default: keySequenceError(); break; } } /** * Apply an operator. * @param operator The operator to apply. */ private void applyOperator(char operator) { // If we are not in the process of building a new operand // then it is an error, unless we have just calculated a // result using '='. if(!buildingDisplayValue && !(haveLeftOperand && lastOperator == '?')) { keySequenceError(); return; } if(lastOperator != '?') { // First apply the previous operator. calculateResult(); } else { // The displayValue now becomes the left operand of this // new operator. haveLeftOperand = true; leftOperand = displayValue; } lastOperator = operator; buildingDisplayValue = false; } /** * Report an error in the sequence of keys that was pressed. */ private void keySequenceError() { System.out.println("A key sequence error has occurred."); // Reset everything. clear(); } }

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• Fast sign in C++ float...are there any platform dependencies in this code?

  - by Patrick Niedzielski

  Searching online, I have found the following routine for calculating the sign of a float in IEEE format. This could easily be extended to a double, too. // returns 1.0f for positive floats, -1.0f for negative floats, 0.0f for zero inline float fast_sign(float f) { if (((int&)f & 0x7FFFFFFF)==0) return 0.f; // test exponent & mantissa bits: is input zero? else { float r = 1.0f; (int&)r |= ((int&)f & 0x80000000); // mask sign bit in f, set it in r if necessary return r; } } (Source: ``Fast sign for 32 bit floats'', Peter Schoffhauzer) I am weary to use this routine, though, because of the bit binary operations. I need my code to work on machines with different byte orders, but I am not sure how much of this the IEEE standard specifies, as I couldn't find the most recent version, published this year. Can someone tell me if this will work, regardless of the byte order of the machine? Thanks, Patrick

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• Java UnknownFormatConversionException

  - by user1672458

  The code below is throwing this error, and I'm not sure why. It's clearly a problem with outputting String.format to the str variable, but I don't know what's wrong with it. Exception in thread "main" java.util.UnknownFormatConversionException: Conversion = 'i' at java.util.Formatter$FormatSpecifier.conversion(Unknown Source) at java.util.Formatter$FormatSpecifier.<init>(Unknown Source) at java.util.Formatter.parse(Unknown Source) at java.util.Formatter.format(Unknown Source) at java.util.Formatter.format(Unknown Source) at java.lang.String.format(Unknown Source) at Donor.toString(Donor.java:41) at Donor.main(Donor.java:65) - import java.util.Scanner; public class Donor { public String name; public int age; public double donation; Donor() { //Initialized to these values for debugging name = "NoName"; age = 0; donation = 0; } Donor(String nameinit, int ageinit, double donationinit) { name = nameinit; age = ageinit; donation = donationinit; } public String toString() { String str = ""; str = String.format("%s-30%i-6$%d-20", name, age, donation); return str; } public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); String nameinit = null; int ageinit = -1; double donationinit = -1; String outp = null; System.out.print("Enter the donor's name: "); nameinit = input.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the donor's age: "); ageinit = input.nextInt(); System.out.print("Enter the donation amount: "); donationinit = input.nextDouble(); Donor d = new Donor(nameinit, ageinit, donationinit); outp = d.toString(); System.out.printf("%s30 %s6 %s10", "Name", "Age", "Donation"); System.out.print("\n" + outp); input.close(); } }

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• Getting PCM values of WAV files

  - by user2431088

  I have a .wav mono file (16bit,44.1kHz) and im using this code below. If im not wrong, this would give me an output of values between -1 and 1 which i can apply FFT on ( to be converted to a spectrogram later on). However, my output is no where near -1 and 1. This is a portion of my output 7.01214599609375 17750.2552337646 8308.42733764648 0.000274658203125 1.00001525878906 0.67291259765625 1.3458251953125 16.0000305175781 24932 758.380676269531 0.0001068115234375 This is the code which i got from another post Edit 1: public static Double[] prepare(String wavePath, out int SampleRate) { Double[] data; byte[] wave; byte[] sR = new byte[4]; System.IO.FileStream WaveFile = System.IO.File.OpenRead(wavePath); wave = new byte[WaveFile.Length]; data = new Double[(wave.Length - 44) / 4];//shifting the headers out of the PCM data; WaveFile.Read(wave, 0, Convert.ToInt32(WaveFile.Length));//read the wave file into the wave variable /***********Converting and PCM accounting***************/ for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i += 2) { data[i] = BitConverter.ToInt16(wave, i) / 32768.0; } /**************assigning sample rate**********************/ for (int i = 24; i < 28; i++) { sR[i - 24] = wave[i]; } SampleRate = BitConverter.ToInt16(sR, 0); return data; }

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