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• How to troubleshoot performance issues of PHP, MySQL and generic I/O

  - by jbx

  I have a WordPress based website running on a shared hosting. Its response time is very decent (around 2s to retrieve the HTML page and 5s to load all the resources). I was planning to move it to a dedicated virtual server (Ubuntu 12.04 LTS), which should theoretically improve things and make them more consistent given its not shared. However I observed severe performance degredation, with the page taking 10seconds to be generated. I ruled out network issues by editing /etc/hosts on the server and mapping the domain to 127.0.0.1. I used the Apache load tester ab to get the HTML, so JS, CSS and images are all excluded. It still took 10 seconds. I have Zpanel installed on the server which also uses MySQL, and its pages come up quite fast (1.5s) and also phpMyAdmin. Performing some queries on the wordpress database directly through phpMyAdmin returns them quite fast too, with query times in the 10 to 30 millisecond region. Memory is also sufficient, with only 800Mb being used of the 1Gb physical memory available, so it doesn't seem to be a swap issue either. I have also installed APC to try to improve the PHP performance, but it didn't have any effect. What else should I look for? What could be causing this degradation in performance? Could it be some kind of I/O issue since I am running on a cloud based virtual server? I wish to be able to raise the issue with my provider but without showing actual data from some diagnosis I am afraid he will just blame my application. UPDATE with sar output (every second) when I did an HTTP request: 02:31:29 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 02:31:30 all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 02:31:31 all 2.22 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 95.56 02:31:32 all 41.67 0.00 6.25 0.00 2.08 50.00 02:31:33 all 86.36 0.00 13.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:31:34 all 75.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:31:35 all 93.18 0.00 6.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:31:36 all 90.70 0.00 9.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:31:37 all 71.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.95 02:31:38 all 14.89 0.00 10.64 0.00 2.13 72.34 02:31:39 all 2.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 97.44 02:31:40 all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 02:31:41 all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 My suspicion that this comes from I/O related issue is also because a caching plugin I use to reduce the amount of queries to the database, by precompiling PHP pages is actually making things worse instead of better. It seems that file access is making things worse instead.

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• Issues connection to Ubuntu via PuTTy

  - by user1787262

  I'm not sure this is the appropriate stack exchange site to post this question on. If not, please flag this for migration. I am trying to use PuTTy ssh into my ubuntu machine which is wirelessly connected to the same network. I originally ran ifconfig to get my ubuntu machines private network IP address. I then verified that ssh was running, I even ssh'd into my school network and then into the ubuntu machine itself. No problems yet. On my windows 8 machine I ran ipconfig to get my private network IPv4 address. I then pinged my ubunty machines IP and 100% of packets were received. I figured, "OK we are ready to use PuTTy to connect to my Ubuntu Machine". Keep in mind this was my first time using PuTTy. I tried entering the IP of my ubuntu machine in the PuTTy Config GUI but I got a connection timeout. At this moment I don't really know what's going on, SSH is running on port 22 of my Ubuntu machine and I can ping the machine why is it not connecting? (I tried [username]@ip too). So I went on my Ubuntu machine and ran nmap -sP 192.168.0.1/24 and found that my windows machines IP did not show up, the host is down. I'm at a lost in something I am not very familiar with. Would anyone be able to help me or direct me to some resources that would trouble shoot my problem? Thank you EDIT (ADDITION): tyler@tyler-Aspire-5250:~$ nmap -v 192.168.0.123 Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-06-06 01:56 MDT Initiating Ping Scan at 01:56 Scanning 192.168.0.123 [2 ports] Completed Ping Scan at 01:56, 3.00s elapsed (1 total hosts) Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.123 [host down] Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap Note: Host seems down. If it is really up, but blocking our ping probes, try -Pn Nmap done: 1 IP address (0 hosts up) scanned in 3.14 seconds tyler@tyler-Aspire-5250:~$ nmap -Pn 192.168.0.123 Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-06-06 01:56 MDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.123 Host is up (0.022s latency). Not shown: 998 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE 2869/tcp open icslap 5357/tcp open wsdapi Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 72.51 seconds

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• The Koyal Group Info Mag News¦Charged building material could make the renewable grid a reality

  - by Chyler Tilton

  What if your cell phone didn’t come with a battery? Imagine, instead, if the material from which your phone was built was a battery. The promise of strong load-bearing materials that can also work as batteries represents something of a holy grail for engineers. And in a letter published online in Nano Letters last week, a team of researchers from Vanderbilt University describes what it says is a breakthrough in turning that dream into an electrocharged reality. The researchers etched nanopores into silicon layers, which were infused with a polyethylene oxide-ionic liquid composite and coated with an atomically thin layer of carbon. In doing so, they created small but strong supercapacitor battery systems, which stored electricity in a solid electrolyte, instead of using corrosive chemical liquids found in traditional batteries. These supercapacitors could store and release about 98 percent of the energy that was used to charge them, and they held onto their charges even as they were squashed and stretched at pressures up to 44 pounds per square inch. Small pieces of them were even strong enough to hang a laptop from—a big, fat Dell, no less. Although the supercapacitors resemble small charcoal wafers, they could theoretically be molded into just about any shape, including a cell phone’s casing or the chassis of a sedan. They could also be charged—and evacuated of their charge—in less time than is the case for traditional batteries. “We’ve demonstrated, for the first time, the simple proof-of-concept that this can be done,” says Cary Pint, an assistant professor in the university’s mechanical engineering department and one of the authors of the new paper. “Now we can extend this to all kinds of different materials systems to make practical composites with materials specifically tailored to a host of different types of applications. We see this as being just the tip of a very massive iceberg.” Pint says potential applications for such materials would go well beyond “neat tech gadgets,” eventually becoming a “transformational technology” in everything from rocket ships to sedans to home building materials. “These types of systems could range in size from electric powered aircraft all the way down to little tiny flying robots, where adding an extra on-board battery inhibits the potential capability of the system,” Pint says. And they could help the world shift to the intermittencies of renewable energy power grids, where powerful batteries are needed to help keep the lights on when the sun is down or when the wind is not blowing. “Using the materials that make up a home as the native platform for energy storage to complement intermittent resources could also open the door to improve the prospects for solar energy on the U.S. grid,” Pint says. “I personally believe that these types of multifunctional materials are critical to a sustainable electric grid system that integrates solar energy as a key power source.”

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• External hard drive FAT32 to NTFS conversion fails

  - by Pieter

  I'm trying to convert the FAT32 file system of an external hard drive to NTFS. Here's what happened: C:\Windows\system32>chkdsk G: The type of the file system is FAT32. Volume PIETEREXT created 3/19/2008 12:43 Volume Serial Number is 1806-2E30 Windows is verifying files and folders... File and folder verification is complete. Windows has scanned the file system and found no problems. No further action is required. 488,264,768 KB total disk space. 72,192 KB in 1,503 hidden files. 1,281,792 KB in 40,029 folders. 309,235,168 KB in 199,915 files. 177,675,584 KB are available. 32,768 bytes in each allocation unit. 15,258,274 total allocation units on disk. 5,552,362 allocation units available on disk. C:\Windows\system32>cd \ C:\>convert g: /fs:ntfs The type of the file system is FAT32. Enter current volume label for drive G: PIETEREXT Volume PIETEREXT created 3/19/2008 12:43 Volume Serial Number is 1806-2E30 Windows is verifying files and folders... File and folder verification is complete. Windows has scanned the file system and found no problems. No further action is required. 488,264,768 KB total disk space. 72,192 KB in 1,503 hidden files. 1,281,792 KB in 40,029 folders. 309,235,168 KB in 199,915 files. 177,675,584 KB are available. 32,768 bytes in each allocation unit. 15,258,274 total allocation units on disk. 5,552,362 allocation units available on disk. Determining disk space required for file system conversion... Total disk space: 488384001 KB Free space on volume: 177675584 KB Space required for conversion: 975155 KB Converting file system The conversion failed. G: was not converted to NTFS I looked at the TechNet page for my error, but after closing every app the conversion was still failing halfway through. Why does it keep failing? I kept an eye on Task Manager but it didn't look like my system resources were near depletion. I'm using Windows 8.

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• Windows: Impact of clean install Service Pack 2 to applications & data?

  - by Thomas Matthews

  My Windows Vista Home Premium system is corrupt and won't install Service Pack 2. I have followed all the advice from Microsoft and still no luck. I would like to perform a clean install of Vista, then SP1, and then SP2. My concern is the effect of the clean install on the registry, my apps and all my data. My plan: 1. Download Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) ISO and write to DVD. 2. Download Vista Service Pack 2 (SP2) ISO and write to DVD. 3. Backup all data, applications and registry to external hard drive (file copy not disk image) 4. ?? Format hard drive?? (is this necessary?) 5. Install Vista from DVDs / CDs. 6. Install SP1 from DVD 7. Install SP2 from DVD 8. Restore registry, applications and data from external hard drive. My questions: 1. Is formatting the hard drive a necessary step? 2. Will restoring the registry from the backup corrupt the system? 3. Should I use Windows Backup or ZIP/RAR? 4. Any gotcha's that I should look out for? Background: I am using Windows Vista Home Premium with SP1. The sfc program does not finish due to a resources problem (even when run as administrator). I have 5 users on it. After a while, the screen goes black and shows an error message window about an error with login.scr. Standard accounts display a black screen and can't run any applications. Administrative accounts have no problems (even standard accounts when converted to Administrative have no problem). The CBS log contains a lot of 0x8000ffff and E_UNEXPECTED errors (which Microsoft defines as catastrophic failure). This is the reasoning behind performing a clean install up to service pack 2.

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• VPN Connection causes DNS to use wrong DNS server

  - by Bryan

  I have a Windows 7 PC on our company network (which is a member of our Active Directory). Everything works fine until I open a VPN connection to a customer's site. When I do connect, I lose network access to shares on the network, including directories such as 'Application Data' that we have a folder redirection policy for. As you can imagine, this makes working on the PC very difficult, as desktop shortcuts stop working, software stops working properly due to having 'Application Data' pulled from under it. Our network is routed (10.58.5.0/24), with other local subnets existing within the scope of 10.58.0.0/16. The remote network is on 192.168.0.0/24. I've tracked the issue down to being DNS related. As soon as I open the VPN tunnel, all my DNS traffic goes via the remote network, which explains the loss of local resources, but my question is, how can I force local DNS queries to go to our local DNS servers rather than our customers? The output of ipconfig /all when not connected to the VPN is below: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : 7k5xy4j Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : mydomain.local Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : mydomain.local Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : mydomain.local Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetLink (TM) Gigabit Ethernet Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : F0-4D-A2-DB-3B-CA DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::9457:c5e0:6f10:b298%10(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.5.89(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 31 January 2012 15:55:47 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 10 February 2012 10:11:30 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.5.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.3.32 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 250629538 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-14-AC-76-2D-F0-4D-A2-DB-3B-CA DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.3.32 10.58.3.33 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled This is the output of the same command with the VPN tunnel connected: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : 7k5xy4j Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : mydomain.local Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : mydomain.local PPP adapter Customer Domain: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : customerdomain.com Description . . . . . . . . . . . : CustomerDomain Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.85(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.16 192.168.0.17 Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.17 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : mydomain.local Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetLink (TM) Gigabit Ethernet Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : F0-4D-A2-DB-3B-CA DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::9457:c5e0:6f10:b298%10(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.5.89(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 31 January 2012 15:55:47 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 10 February 2012 10:11:30 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.5.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.3.32 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 250629538 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-14-AC-76-2D-F0-4D-A2-DB-3B-CA DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.58.3.32 10.58.3.33 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Routing table Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.58.5.1 10.58.5.89 20 10.58.5.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 10.58.5.89 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 10.58.5.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 91.194.153.42 255.255.255.255 10.58.5.1 10.58.5.89 21 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.95 192.168.0.85 21 192.168.0.85 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.85 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.85 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.58.5.89 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.85 276 The binding order for the interfaces is as follows: I've not configured the VPN tunnel to use the default gateway at the remote end, and network comms to nodes on both networks are fine. (i.e. I can ping any node on our network or the remote network). I've modified the PPTP connection properties to use the DNS servers 10.58.3.32 followed by 192.168.0.16, yet the query still goes to 192.168.0.16. Edit: The local resources that disappear are hosted on domain DFS roots, which might (or might not) be relevant.

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• Hyper-V Machine drifts time all over, even with NTP

  - by MichaelGG

  Resolved The problem was Hyper-V on that machine. I removed Hyper-V, installed VMware Server, ran the same VM. Time sync issues went away (< 100ms difference after a day). My setup is like this: HYV1 - HyperV machine (non domain) - sync irrelevant AD1 - VM AD server on HYV1, sync'd to time.nist.gov. HyperV time sync off. S1 - Physical machine, sync'd to domain. S2 - Physical machine running HyperV, sync'd to domain. V1 - Linux VM machine on S2, sync'd to AD1. No HyperV integration. AD1 and S1 have fine sync -- stripchart shows less than 100ms difference. S2 drifts like crazy. Here's a bit of the stripchart against AD1: 18:33:22 d:+00.0010138s o:+05.4101899s 18:33:24 d:+00.0010138s o:+05.4319765s 18:33:26 d:+00.0000000s o:+05.4788429s 18:33:28 d:+00.0000000s o:+05.6089942s 18:33:30 d:+00.0010138s o:+05.7240269s 18:33:32 d:+00.0000000s o:+06.0421911s 18:33:34 d:+00.0081104s o:+06.5613708s 18:33:37 d:+00.0000000s o:+06.9096594s 18:33:39 d:+00.0000000s o:+06.8867838s 18:33:41 d:+00.0010127s o:+06.8936401s In 20 seconds, it drifted over a second. If I manually reset it to within 1s, within a few minutes it'll be back drifting about 2 seconds. Overnight it went from ~2s to ~5s. The Linux VM inside S2 has perfect sync with AD1. Here's the config: C:\Users\mgg>w32tm /dumpreg /subkey:Parameters Value Name Value Type Value Data ------------------------------------------------------------ ServiceDll REG_EXPAND_SZ %systemroot%\system32\w32time.dll ServiceMain REG_SZ SvchostEntry_W32Time ServiceDllUnloadOnStop REG_DWORD 1 Type REG_SZ NT5DS NtpServer REG_SZ ad01.mydomain ad02.mydomain C:\Users\mgg>w32tm /dumpreg /subkey:Config Value Name Value Type Value Data ----------------------------------------------------------- FrequencyCorrectRate REG_DWORD 4 PollAdjustFactor REG_DWORD 5 LargePhaseOffset REG_DWORD 50000000 SpikeWatchPeriod REG_DWORD 900 LocalClockDispersion REG_DWORD 9 HoldPeriod REG_DWORD 5 PhaseCorrectRate REG_DWORD 1 UpdateInterval REG_DWORD 30000 EventLogFlags REG_DWORD 2 AnnounceFlags REG_DWORD 5 TimeJumpAuditOffset REG_DWORD 28800 MinPollInterval REG_DWORD 2 MaxPollInterval REG_DWORD 8 MaxNegPhaseCorrection REG_DWORD -1 MaxPosPhaseCorrection REG_DWORD -1 MaxAllowedPhaseOffset REG_DWORD 300 I looked at the event log, and apart from warnings about sync (after it gets way out of sync), there's no other warnings. How can I go about troubleshooting this? It's the only machine that is having this problem. All the other machines (physical and virtual) are doing fine. Edit: To clarify: The VM (AD1) has integration turned off and syncs to time.nist.gov. AD1 is fine. It's the physical machine S1 that can't sync to AD1 and drifts all over. All the other physical servers are able to sync to AD1 just fine. Update So, it appears to be an issue of running the VM. The clock slips slowly with the VM off. Turned on, it immediately starts losing seconds. I swt the VM to only use half the resources, and that seems to have slightly mitigated it, for now. Thanks!

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• Download - Upload is too slow on Centos

  - by Mehdi

  My download/upload in server and out of server is too slow (around 50 KB/s !) ! Did I miss some configuration ? Some information: CentOS release 6.3 uptime load average: 0.17, 0.32, 0.37 Memory free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 24009 21988 2021 0 806 18098 -/+ buffers/cache: 3083 20926 Swap: 4095 28 4067 lshw -C network *-network description: Ethernet interface product: 82574L Gigabit Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 00 serial: 00:25:90:70:17:4a size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=1.9.5-k duplex=full firmware=2.1-2 ip=108.175.8.123 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100MB/s resources: irq:16 memory:fb900000-fb91ffff ioport:e000(size=32) memory:fb920000-fb923fff ethtool ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: Not reported Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 100Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 1 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: off MDI-X: off Supports Wake-on: pumbg Wake-on: g Current message level: 0x00000001 (1) Link detected: yes dmesg |grep e1000e dmesg |grep e1000e e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 1.9.5-k e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2012 Intel Corporation. e1000e 0000:02:00.0: Disabling ASPM L0s e1000e 0000:02:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16 e1000e 0000:02:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 e1000e 0000:02:00.0: irq 33 for MSI/MSI-X e1000e 0000:02:00.0: irq 34 for MSI/MSI-X e1000e 0000:02:00.0: irq 35 for MSI/MSI-X e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:25:90:70:17:4a e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: FFFFFF-0FF e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Unsupported Speed/Duplex configuration e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 10 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e 0000:02:00.0: Disabling ASPM L1 e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: changing MTU from 1500 to 9000 e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO

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• Rails 3 shows 404 error instead of index.html (nginx + unicorn)

  - by Miko

  I have an index.html in public/ that should be loading by default but instead I get a 404 error when I try to access http://example.com/ The page you were looking for doesn't exist. You may have mistyped the address or the page may have moved. This has something to do with nginx and unicorn which I am using to power Rails 3 When take unicorn out of the nginx configuration file, the problem goes away and index.html loads just fine. Here is my nginx configuration file: upstream unicorn { server unix:/tmp/.sock fail_timeout=0; } server { server_name example.com; root /www/example.com/current/public; index index.html; keepalive_timeout 5; location / { try_files $uri @unicorn; } location @unicorn { proxy_pass http://unicorn; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_redirect off; } } My config/routes.rb is pretty much empty: Advertise::Application.routes.draw do |map| resources :users end The index.html file is located in public/index.html and it loads fine if I request it directly: http://example.com/index.html To reiterate, when I remove all references to unicorn from the nginx conf, index.html loads without any problems, I have a hard time understanding why this occurs because nginx should be trying to load that file on its own by default. -- Here is the error stack from production.log: Started GET "/" for 68.107.80.21 at 2010-08-08 12:06:29 -0700 Processing by HomeController#index as HTML Completed in 1ms ActionView::MissingTemplate (Missing template home/index with {:handlers=>[:erb, :rjs, :builder, :rhtml, :rxml, :haml], :formats=>[:html], :locale=>[:en, :en]} in view paths "/www/example.com/releases/20100808170224/app/views", "/www/example.com/releases/20100808170224/vendor/plugins/paperclip/app/views", "/www/example.com/releases/20100808170224/vendor/plugins/haml/app/views"): /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/paths.rb:14:in `find' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/lookup_context.rb:79:in `find' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/base.rb:186:in `find_template' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:45:in `_determine_template' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/actionpack-3.0.0.beta4/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:23:in `render' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-rc2/gems/haml-3.0.15/lib/haml/helpers/action_view_mods.rb:13:in `render_with_haml' etc... -- nginx error log for this virtualhost comes up empty: 2010/08/08 12:40:22 [info] 3118#0: *1 client 68.107.80.21 closed keepalive connection My guess is unicorn is intercepting the request to index.html before nginx gets to process it.

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• Passenger 2.2.4, nginx 0.7.61 and SSL

  - by boompa

  Has anyone had any luck configuring Passenger and nginx with SSL? I've spent hours trying to get this configuration working as I'd like, using what few resources there are out there on the net, and I can't get any of the supposedly forwarded headers to show up in the Rails controller. For example, with a conf file of the following (and multiple variations thereof): server { listen 3000; server_name .example.com; root /Users/website/public; passenger_enabled on; rails_env development; } server { listen 3443; root /Users/website/public; rails_env development; passenger_enabled on; ssl on; #ssl_verify_client on; ssl_certificate /Users/website/ssl/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key /Users/website/ssl/server.key; #ssl_client_certificate /Users/website/ssl/CA.crt; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:-LOW:-SSLv2:-EXP; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X_FORWARDED_PROTO https; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; #proxy_set_header X-SSL-Subject $ssl_client_s_dn; #proxy_set_header X-SSL-Issuer $ssl_client_i_dn; proxy_redirect off; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0; } and Rails code in the controller like this: request.headers.each { |k, v| RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER.error "Header #{k} Val #{v}" } other headers appear, but not those set in nginx, e.g.: Header rack.multithread Val false Header REQUEST_URI Val /login/new Header REMOTE_PORT Val 64021 Header rack.multiprocess Val true Header PASSENGER_USE_GLOBAL_QUEUE Val false Header PASSENGER_APP_TYPE Val rails Header SCGI Val 1 Header SERVER_PORT Val 3443 Header HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET Val ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Header rack.request.query_hash Val Header DOCUMENT_ROOT Val /Users/website/public I've even gone so far as to modify Passenger's abstract_request_handler's main_loop method, i.e., headers, input = parse_request(client) if headers if headers[REQUEST_METHOD] == PING process_ping(headers, input, client) else headers.each { |h,v| log.unknown "abstract_request_handler: #{h} = #{v}" } process_request(headers, input, client) end end only to find that the supposedly added headers do not exist there either: abstract_request_handler: HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE = 300 abstract_request_handler: HTTP_USER_AGENT = Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.5; en-US; rv:1.9.1) Gecko/20090624 Firefox/3.5 abstract_request_handler: PASSENGER_SPAWN_METHOD = smart-lv2 abstract_request_handler: CONTENT_LENGTH = 0 abstract_request_handler: HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH = "b6e8b9afbc1110ee3bf0c87e119252ad" abstract_request_handler: HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE = en-us,en;q=0.5 abstract_request_handler: SERVER_PROTOCOL = HTTP/1.1 abstract_request_handler: HTTPS = on abstract_request_handler: REMOTE_ADDR = 127.0.0.1 abstract_request_handler: SERVER_SOFTWARE = nginx/0.7.61 abstract_request_handler: SERVER_ADDR = 127.0.0.1 abstract_request_handler: SCRIPT_NAME = abstract_request_handler: PASSENGER_ENVIRONMENT = development abstract_request_handler: REMOTE_PORT = 64021 abstract_request_handler: REQUEST_URI = /login/new abstract_request_handler: HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET = ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 abstract_request_handler: SERVER_PORT = 3443 abstract_request_handler: SCGI = 1 abstract_request_handler: PASSENGER_APP_TYPE = rails abstract_request_handler: PASSENGER_USE_GLOBAL_QUEUE = false I'm tired of banging my head against the wall, so I'd truly appreciate any help I can get!

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• Postfix: How to apply header_checks only for specific Domains?

  - by Lukas

  Basically what I want to do is rewriting the From: Header, using header_checks, but only if the mail goes to a certain domain. The problem with header_check is, that I can't check for a combination of To: and From: Headers. Now I was wondering if it was possible to use the header_checks in combination with smtpd_restriction_classes or something similar. I've found a lot information about header_checks and multiple header fields, when searching the net. All of them basically telling me, that one can't combine two header for checking. But I didn't find any information if it was possible to only do a header check if a condition (eg. mail goes to example.com) was met. Edit: While doing some more Research I've found the following article which suggests to add a Service in postfix master.cf, use a transportmap to pass mails for the Domain to that service and have a separate header_check defined with -o. The thing is that I can't get it to work... What I did so far is adding the Service to the master.cf: example unix - - n - - smtpd -o header_checks=regexp:/etc/postfix/check_headers_example Adding the followin Line to the transportmap: example.com example: Last but not least I have two regexp-files for header checks, one for the newly added service, and one to redirect answers to the rewritten domain. check_headers_example: /From:(.*)@mydomain.ain>(.*)/ REPLACE From:[email protected]>$2 Obviously if someone answers, the mail would go to nirvana, so I have the following check_headers defined in the main postfix process: /To:(.*)<(.*)@mydomain.example.com>(.*)/ REDIRECT [email protected]$2 Somehow the Transport is ignored. Any help is appreciated. Edit 2: I'm still stuck... I did try the following: smtpd_restriction_classes = header_rewrite header_rewrite = regexp:/etc/postfix/rewrite_headers_domain smtpd_recipient_restrictions = (some checks) check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/rewrite_table, (more checks) In the rewrite_table the following entries exist: /From:(.*)@mydomain.ain>(.*)/ REPLACE From:[email protected]>$2 All it gets me is a NOQUEUE: reject: 451 4.3.5 Server configuration error. I couldn't find any resources on how you would do that but some people saying it wasn't possible. Edit 3: The reason I asked this question was, that we have a customer (lets say customer.com) who uses some aliases that will forward mail to a domain, let's say example.com. The mailserver at example.com does not accept any mail from an external server that come from a sender @example.com. So all mails that are written from example.com to [email protected] will be rejected in the end. An exception on example.com's mailserver is not possible. We didn't really solve this problem, but will try to work around it by using lists (mailman) instead of aliases. This is not really nice though, nor a real solution. I'd appreciate all suggestions how this could be done in a proper way.

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• Ubuntu: Multiple NICs, one used only for Wake-On-LAN

  - by jcwx86

  This is similar to some other questions, but I have a specific need which is not covered in the other questions. I have an Ubuntu server (11.10) with two NICs. One is built into the motherboard and the other is a PCI express card. I want to have my server connected to the internet via my NAT router and also have it able to wake from suspend using a Magic Packet (henceforth referred to as Wake-On-LAN, WOL). I can't do this with just one of the NICs because each has an issue - the built-in NIC will crash the system if it is placed under heavy load (typically downloading data), whilst the PCI express NIC will crash the system if it is used for WOL. I have spent some time investigating these individual problems, to no avail. My plan is thus: use the built-in NIC solely for WOL, and use the PCI express card for all other network communication except WOL. Since I send the WOL Magic Packet to a specific MAC address, there is no danger of hitting the wrong NIC, but there is a danger of using the built-in NIC for general network access, overloading it and crashing the system. Both NICs are wired to the same LAN with address space 192.168.0.0/24. The built-in ethernet card is set to have interface name eth1 and the PCI express card is eth0 in Ubuntu's udev persistent rules (so they stay the same upon reboot). I have been trying to set this up with the /etc/network/interfaces file. Here is where I am currently: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.0.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.0.1 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.0.254 netmask 255.255.255.0 I think by not specifying a gateway for eth1, I prevent it being used for outgoing requests. I don't mind if it can be reached on 192.168.0.254 on the LAN, i.e. via SSH -- it's IP is irrelevant to WOL, which is based on MAC addresses -- I just don't want it to be used to access internet resources. My kernel routing table (from route -n) is Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 My question is this: Is this sufficient for what I want to achieve? My research has thrown up the idea of using static routing to specify that eth1 should only be used for WOL on the local network, but I'm not sure this is necessary. I have been monitoring the activity of the interfaces using iptraf and it seems like eth0 takes the vast majority of the packets, though I am not sure that this will be consistent based on my configuration. Given that if I mess up the configuration, my system will likely crash, it is important to me to have this set up correctly!

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• what is Remote Desktop Services in Windows Server 2008 R2 all about?

  - by fejesjoco

  Seriously, I'm lost in all that sales mumbo-jumbo. Let's say I want 1 or 2 users to be able to remotely log on to a server, run Word, Visual Studio, Firefox, and whatever. Do I gain anything at all if I install Remote Desktop Services? Or do I just install Desktop Experience feature pack, enable remote desktop and voila, nobody will ever notice the difference? Here's what TechNet says about Remote Desktop Session Host: A Remote Desktop Session Host (RD Session Host) server is the server that hosts Windows-based programs or the full Windows desktop for Remote Desktop Services clients. Users can connect to an RD Session Host server to run programs, to save files, and to use network resources on that server. Users can access an RD Session Host server by using Remote Desktop Connection or by using RemoteApp. The good old simple remote desktop can also host a full Windows desktop for remote clients so that they can run programs, save files and do all that stuff. Why do they write about it like it's such a great new invention, besides that they want to sell it? RDSH doesn't seem all that different at all. What do I install when I install RDSH, since all those features are already there in Windows? What's even more confusing is that you need to take special care when you want to install applications to an RDSH so that they will be usable by many concurrent users. Why? All the modern applications install the program files in one directory, store some common settings in the ProgramData folder and the HKLM hive, and store user specific settings in the Users folder and the HKCU hive. They are designed to be usable by many users on the same machine. 2 or 2000 users can use them concurrently without any efforts. I can sign in with 2 users to a server with only remote desktop enabled, and both of us can run Word or anything without any problems, can't we? So what changes if I set RDSH to install mode, or what happens if I don't? Why is the feature to switch between install and execute mode there at all? Yes I know of some advantages in Remote Desktop Services, like there's no 2 user limit, it supports virtualization, video acceleration and stuff, it has a whole infrastructure with gateway, web access, connection broker, etc. But I don't need those, so if you take these away, how are these two technologies different? From the articles it seems like they are completely different technologies, whereas it looks to me that they are completely the same at the core, and Remote Desktop Services just adds some additional features, but doesn't reinvent anything.

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• IIS httpTracing setting has no effect

  - by digahill

  I'm trying to troubleshoot some performance issues we are having on a specific ASP.NET page with Microsoft's Perfecto Tool on IIS 7.5. Perfecto uses the ETW hooks build in to IIS to report on specific HTTP request, and is working quite well. However, I only want IIS to emit traces for one specific page, say "Default.aspx" in my TestApp Web Application. Following the instructions on the httpTracing man page, I should be able to add the traceUrls element to my root web.config file for TestApp. This doesn't seem to affect tracing whatsoever when I do so. For example, I've used the following settings in the web.config file and every request that hits the IIS server is sending tracing messages that are in turn picked up by Perfecto. (In the System.WebServer section) <httpTracing> <traceUrls> <add value="/Default.aspx" /> </traceUrls> </httpTracing> I then found that the applicationHost.config file on the server had an empty element. I tried removing this element, as well as the httpTracing element in the web.config. After a machine reboot, I was still getting tracing messages! My understanding is that the presense of the httpTracing element is what controlls whether ETW tracing is on or not. I ensured there was no reference to httpTracing in the machine.config, too. At a loss, I decided to remove the IIS Tracing feature with Server Manager. After a reboot, I no longer got ETW tracing. I then reinstalled IIS Tracing feature with Server Manager. As expected, the httpTracing element reappeared in the applicationhost.config file. Tracing messages began sending again for all sites and pages. I then tried to use the traceUrls element at the applicationhost.config level. This also didn't filter out and traces. I must be misunderstanting something key with how httpTracing works. There aren't many resources on the web to help me, either. Can anyone tell me if what I'm trying should work? Has anyone else had success filtering tracing message per page with traceUrls? I should note that I also tried changing with the following setting in applicationhost.config to "allow". It didn't seem to help. <section name="httpTracing" overrideModeDefault="Allow" />

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• Apache/2.2.20 (Ubuntu 11.10) gzip compression won't work on php pages, content is chunked

  - by FamousInteractive

  I'm running into a problem with a new production server whereto I'm transferring projects. The HTML output of the PHP applications isn't compressed by the Apache mod_deflate module. Other resources, as stylesheet and javascript files, even html pages, which are served with the same Content-type (text/html) as the PHP output, are compressed! The projects use the following rules (from HTML5 boilerplate) in the .htaccess: <IfModule mod_deflate.c> # Force deflate for mangled headers developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping/ <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> <IfModule mod_headers.c> SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding </IfModule> </IfModule> # HTML, TXT, CSS, JavaScript, JSON, XML, HTC: <IfModule filter_module> FilterDeclare COMPRESS FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/html FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/css FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/plain FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/xml FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/x-component FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/javascript FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/json FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/xml FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/xhtml+xml FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/rss+xml FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/atom+xml FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/vnd.ms-fontobject FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $image/svg+xml FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $image/x-icon FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/x-font-ttf FilterProvider COMPRESS DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $font/opentype FilterChain COMPRESS FilterProtocol COMPRESS DEFLATE change=yes;byteranges=no </IfModule> </IfModule> We have a testing machine that runs the same Apache, OS and PHP version. On that machine the compression works just fine on the PHP output. I've checked and compared Apache and PHP config files, all the same as far as I can tell. I've tried several manners of outputting the content of the PHP, using output buffering or just plain echoing the content. Same thing, no compression. Example response headers of a PHP output: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2012 23:30:59 GMT Server: Apache Accept-Ranges: bytes Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT Cache-Control: public Pragma: no-cache Vary: User-Agent Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=98 Connection: Keep-Alive Transfer-Encoding: chunked Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Example of response headers on a css file: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2012 23:30:59 GMT Server: Apache Last-Modified: Mon, 04 Jul 2011 19:12:36 GMT Vary: Accept-Encoding,User-Agent Content-Encoding: gzip Cache-Control: public Expires: Fri, 25 May 2012 23:30:59 GMT Content-Length: 714 Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/css; charset=utf-8 Does anyone has a clue or experienced the same "problem"? thanks!

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• Suggestions for splitting server roles amongst Hyper-V virtual servers / RAID6 or RAID10? / AppAssure

  - by Anon

  We have 2 Hyper-V hosts at present running 1 virtual server that was converted from a physical box running all roles. My plan is to split the roles over various virtual machines, upgrading to the latest software versions as I go, and use the backup server as a standby in case the main server fails. AppAssure backup software has a feature called Virtual Standby, so the VHD's can be ready to be fired up on the backup server if necessary. Off-site backups will be done via external USB drive for now. I'm just seeking some input/suggestions into how I'm planning to split the roles out amongst various virtual servers. Also, I'm curious how to setup the storage on the servers. We do not have any NAS's, SAN'S or any budget for this. What would the best RAID level be to use? I'm thinking either RAID6 (which is currently used) however I'm concerned about the write speeds, or RAID10 but again I'm worried that I can only lose 1 drive (from the same mirror) as opposed to any 2 with RAID6. I realise I have a hot swap for this, but what if a further drive fails during a rebuild? Is the write penalty of RAID6 worth the extra reliability over RAID10? Or will it be too slow with all the roles I am planning, therefore RAID10 is my only real option? The reason for the needed redundancy is I am the only technician and I'm not always on-site. Options I've considered: 1) 5 drives in RAID6 set, 200gb for host OS, rest for VM storage. 1 drive for hot swap - this is how it is currently setup 2) 4 drives in RAID10 set, 200gb for host OS, rest for VM storage. 2 drives for hot swap 3) 4 drives in RAID10 set for VM storage, 2 drives in RAID1 set for host OS. No drives for hot swap - While this is probably the best option with the amount of drives I have, I don't like the idea of having no hot swap 4) 3 drives in RAID6 set for VM storage, 2 drives in RAID1 set for host OS. 1 drive for hot swap All options give us enough storage capacity for our files, etc. We don't have any budget for extra drives or extra hot swap HD chassis for the servers. We have about 70 clients and about 150 users. MAIN SERVER Intel Xeon 5520 @ 2.27 GHz (2 processors) 16GB RAM 6 x 1TB Seagate Barracuda ES.2 Enterprise SATA drives Intel SRCSATAWB RAID controller Virtual machine workload using Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2: DC01 - Active Directory Domain Controller / DNS server / Global catalog - 1GB RAM DC02 - Active Directory Domain Controller / DNS server / Global catalog - 1GB RAM Member Server - DHCP server, File server, Print server - 1GB RAM SCCM Member Server - 4GB RAM Third Party Software Member Server - A/V server, Ticketing software, etc - 4GB RAM Exchange 2007 - 4GB RAM - however we are probably migrating to a hosted solution, therefore freeing up resources BACKUP SERVER Intel Xeon E5410 @ 2.33GHz (2 processors) 16GB RAM 6 x 2TB WD RE4 SATA drives Intel SRCSASRB RAID controller Virtual machine workload using Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2: AppAssure backup software - 8GB RAM

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• How should I use LVM with Ganeti?

  - by javano

  I am building a small Ganeti cluster on some low end hardware (I only have the resources given sadly). I am confused as to the use of LVMs with DRBD. I have two instances and three nodes. What I want is instance1 replicated between node 1 & 2, and instance2 replicated between nodes 3 & 2 (so node2 is doing nothing, except waiting for either node1 or 3 to fail, is it is the secondary node for both instances). This is because node2 is a lower hardware spec than 1 and 3, so I just want it as an hot-spare. How can I achieve this? I don't want instance1 being replicated to node3 for example, nor instance2 replicated to node1. Nodes 1 & 2 have /dev/sda5 which is 150GBs (for example). Nodes 2 & 3 have /dev/sda6 which is also 75GBs (for example). Using just nodes 1 & 2, after looking at the Ganeti docs I would; vgcreate my-vg Next I would create the cluster via gnt-cluster VG = "my-vg". It is here I believe that I am missing some knowledge. I believe that what I need to do is create the same Logical Volume on nodes 1 & 2 in Volume Group "my-vg", that solely consists of /dev/sda5 and call it "lv1". Then create an Logical Volume on nodes 2 & 3 the solely consists of /dev/sda6 in "my-vg" that is called "lv2". When creating instance1 I would then use "-vg=lv1 -n node1:node2", and when creating instance2 I would use "-vg=lv2 -n node3:node2". I breifly had a go at this today and I'm dubious if this will be possible. When trying to create instance2, "lv2" wont exist on node1 (the cluster master) so I don't believe it will allow the instance creation. Could I create a 1kb parition (/dev/sda6) on node1 and put it into a LV called "lv2" or is that too flakey? Is this set up possible? Thank you.

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• Moving from VPS to Cloud

  - by GRIGORE-TURBODISEL

  ...and I have a few questions. I'm basically working on a MySQL+PHP based webapp. Since I don't have on-demand scaling with VPS, I'm planning to move from VPS to Cloud when I hit the 1000 subscribers barrier. I'm looking at Windows Azure but I'm ok with other suggestions. So here are my questions: Will it really cost me a kidney? Every subscriber needs to download around 4-5MB of static resources each day. Bandwidth is free on the VPS but here I see costs can easily get to $800.00/mo; this makes me very insecure about the whole thing, I mean VPS is just $2,000/yr. Do I need another VM or is PHP included in the Web Sites? I have basic sysadmin skills, I think I can handle setting up a PHP install, but will I have to do this? If yes, what other service do I need to setup manually? What about Memcached, MySQL, etc? What security protections does it include? For example I have some basic protection included, like directory traversals and executable files upload; I also have CloudFlare on my other websites for DDoS protection; will I need to do the same thing here too, can it even be installed, can I edit my DNS records, etc? How are e-mails, subdomains, add-on domains, parked domains, etc. handled? I haven't seen any references to e-mail boxes. On the VPS I simply add them from cPanel ([email protected] / whatever.mysite.com / ...); do I have a similar management interface here? Do I get SSH access? Or at least FTP, remote MySQL access and maybe some incremental back-ups or something? Can I see my quotas and advanced traffic info? I must mention that I really like the idea of the whole "cloud" concept, the added reliability and everything but I really need maybe a parallel to regular hosting or something so I know what to expect.

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• Wirelss card not being detected in backtrack 5

  - by Jesse Nelson

  I just installed backtrack 5 and I am unable to detect my wireless card. iwconfig doesn't list my interface. I can see that the hardware is present in lspci -vnn (see below) but I can't get the interface detected. I have tried to reinstall the compat-wireless package but I get errors during the build (see below) I have done a ton of researching and I keep hitting a brick wall, mostly because the wiki for backtrack is down and I can't find any good resources. Does anyone know how to fix the issue? Also, does anyone no how I can scan the hardware to determine what NIC is assigning my interface? If I can figure out the interface name I think I can set it up manually by putting up the link and using wireless-tools to manually configure the connection, this is what I had to do in arch on my mac. As stated the wiki for backtrack is down and I can't find any help on the issue. I tried to do the full kernel upgrade suggested in my software update but after the update was complete and I logged back in I had a new log in manager and the only thing I was able to log into was window managers. However, after this update my wireless was working fine. Please help I am new to Linux and the wiki is down, I have nowhere else to turn. Forgot to mention I am using the KDE version, not Gnome. Thanks in advance for any help or support. Attempt at make: root@bt:/usr/src/compat-wireless-3.3-rc1-2# make /usr/src/compat-wireless-3.3-rc1-2/config.mk:254: "WARNING: CONFIG_CFG80211_WEXT will be deactivated or not working because kernel was compiled with CONFIG_WIRELESS_EXT=n. Tools using wext interface like iwconfig will not work. To activate it build your kernel e.g. with CONFIG_LIBIPW=m." make -C /lib/modules/2.6.38/build M=/usr/src/compat-wireless-3.3-rc1-2 modules make: *** /lib/modules/2.6.38/build: No such file or directory. Stop. make: *** [modules] Error 2 lspci output: root@bt:/usr/src/compat-wireless-3.3-rc1-2# lspci -vnn -i net lspci: I/O error at net, line 0 root@bt:/usr/src/compat-wireless-3.3-rc1-2# lspci -vnn 02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Atheros Communications Inc. Device [168c:0032] (rev ff) (prog-if ff) !!! Unknown header type 7f ( This is the problem but I can't find the solution) Kernel modules: ath9k iwconfig output: root@bt:/usr/src/compat-wireless-3.3-rc1-2# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions.

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• Nginx Reverse Proxy Node.js and Wordpress + Static Files Issue

  - by joemccann

  I have had quite a time trying to get nginx to serve static assets from my wordpress blog. Have a look at the config and let me know if you can help. ( https://gist.github.com/1130332 - to see the entire thing) server { listen 80; server_name subprint.com; access_log /var/www/subprint/logs/access.log; error_log /var/www/subprint/logs/error.log; root /var/www/subprint/server/public; # express serves static resources for subprint.com out of here location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8124; root /var/www/subprint/server; access_log on; } #serve static assets location ~* ^(?!\/).+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|pdf|txt|tar|wav|bmp|rtf|js|flv|swf|html|htm)$ { expires max; access_log off; } # the route for the wordpress blog # unfortunately the static assets (css, img, etc.) are not being pathed/served properly location /blog { root /var/www/localhost/public; index index.php; access_log /var/www/localhost/logs/access.log; error_log /var/www/localhost/logs/error.log; if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?q=$1 last; break; } if (!-f $request_filename) { rewrite /blog$ /blog/index.php last; break; } } # actually serves the wordpress and subsequently phpmyadmin location ~* (?!\/blog).+\.php$ { fastcgi_pass localhost:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/localhost/public$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params; } # This works fine, but ONLY with a symlink inside the /var/www/localhost/public directory pointing to /usr/share/phpmyadmin location /phpmyadmin { index index.php; access_log /var/www/phpmyadmin/logs/access.log; error_log /var/www/phpmyadmin/logs/error.log; alias /usr/share/phpmyadmin/; if (!-f $request_filename) { rewrite /phpmyadmin$ /phpmyadmin/index.php permanent; break; } } # opt-in to the future add_header "X-UA-Compatible" "IE=Edge,chrome=1"; }

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• Nginx, proxy passing to Apache, and SSL

  - by Vic

  I have Nginx and Apache set up with Nginx proxy-passing everything to Apache except static resources. I have a server set up for port 80 like so: server { listen 80; server_name *.example1.com *.example2.com; [...] location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png|pdf|te?xt)$ { access_log off; expires max; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header Vary: Accept-Encoding; } location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf; } } And since we have multiple ssl sites (with different ssl certificates) I have a server{} block for each of them like so: server { listen 443 ssl; server_name *.example1.com; [...] location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png|pdf|te?xt)$ { access_log off; expires max; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header Vary: Accept-Encoding; } location / { proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:8443; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port 443; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; } } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name *.example2.com; [...] location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png|pdf|te?xt)$ { access_log off; expires max; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header Vary: Accept-Encoding; } location / { proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:8445; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port 443; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; } } First of all, I think there is a very obvious problem here, which is that I'm double-encrypting everything, first at the nginx level and then again by Apache. To make everything worse, I just started using Amazon's Elastic Load Balancer, so I added the certificate to the ELB and now SSL encryption is happening three times. That's gotta be horrible for performance. What is the sane way to handle this? Should I be forwarding https on the ELB - http on nginx - http on apache? Secondly, there is so much duplication above. Is the best method to not repeat myself to put all of the static asset handling in an include file and just include it in the server?

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• Exchange-Server Query

  - by Rudi Kershaw

  First, a little background. I've recently been taken on as a web and software developer for a small company, who has no other in-house IT support. They've been asking my opinion on lots of IT subjects that are quite far out of my comfort zone. I'm definitely not a network admin. Their IT consultancy contractor is pushing them to upgrade their dedicated exchange server, even though it seems like the one they currently have has a lot of life left in it and is running problem free. They say it's "coming to the natural end of it's life". They want to install a monster with a Xeon E5-2420, 32GB RAM, 2x 1TB HDDs, Windows Server 2012 and Microsoft Exchange 2010. They want to charge a small fortune for it. Basically, this system seems massively over the top seeing as it won't be doing anything else other than running as an exchange server for a company with less than 25 email accounts. My employers also have a file server system in-house that hosts three web apps, an SQL server, their local domain, print server and shared folders. That machine is using the same specs as the proposed new one, and it is barely using any of it's potential. I asked if Microsoft Exchange 2010 could be installed on their file server, but they said that MS Exchange can't run on the same system as an SQL server because for some reason they will eat up each others resources (even though the SQL server isn't touching 1% of the current system's CPU or RAM). My question is really, are they trying to rip my employers off? Could MS Exchange be installed on their other server (on a virtual instance or not), or does the old one even need replacing at all? Going with their current suggestion will cost the company in excess of £6k, and it seems entirely unnecessary. I apologies, because I know this is probably a little thin on details, but if I carry on I could end up writing a massive essay that no-one will want to read. I've been doing my research, but I'm not knowledgeable enough make any hard decisions. Let me know if you need any more details. Thank you for any help you can offer. Further Details: The new exchange would need to support Outlook Web App, 25 users, a few public mailboxes, and email exchange with Blackberries.

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• Enterprise IPv6 Migration - End of proxypac ? Start of Point-to-Point ? +10K users

  - by Yohann

  Let's start with a diagram : We can see a "typical" IPv4 company network with : An Internet acces through a proxy An "Others companys" access through an dedicated proxy A direct access to local resources All computers have a proxy.pac file that indicates which proxy to use or whether to connect directly. Computers have access to just a local DNS (no name resolution for google.com for example.) By the way ... The company does not respect the RFC1918 internally and uses public addresses! (historical reason). The use of internet proxy explicitly makes it possible to not to have problem. What if we would migrate to IPv6? Step 1 : IPv6 internet access Internet access in IPv6 is easy. Indeed, just connect the proxy in Internet IPv4 and IPv6. There is nothing to do in internal network : Step 2 : IPv6 AND IPv4 in internal network And why not full IPv6 network directly? Because there is always the old servers that are not compatible IPv6 .. Option 1 : Same architecture as in IPv4 with a proxy pac This is probably the easiest solution. But is this the best? I think the transition to IPv6 is an opportunity not to bother with this proxy pac! Option 2 : New architecture with transparent proxy, whithout proxypac, recursive DNS Oh yes! In this new architecture, we have: Explicit Internet Proxy becomes a Transparent Internet Proxy Local DNS becomes a Normal Recursive DNS + authorative for local domains No proxypac Explicit Company Proxy becomes a Transparent Company Proxy Routing Internal Routers reditect IP of appx.ext.example.com to Company Proxy. The default gateway is the Transparent Internet proxy. Questions What do you think of this architecture IPv6? This architecture will reveal the IP addresses of our internal network but it is protected by firewalls. Is this a real big problem? Should we keep the explicit use of a proxy? -How would you make for this migration scenario? -And you, how do you do in your company? Thanks! Feel free to edit my post to make it better.

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• a couple of questions about proxy server,vpn & how they works

  - by Q8Y

  I have a couple of questions that are related to security. Correct me if i'm wrong :) If I want to request something (ex: visiting www.google.com): my computer will request that then it will to the ISP then to my ISP proxy server that will take the request and act as a middle man in this situation ask for the site (www.google.com) and retrieve it then the proxy will send it back to me. I know that its being done like that. So, my question is that, in this situation my ISP knows everything and what I did request, and the proxy server is set by default (when I ask for an internet subscription). So, if I use here another proxy (lets assume that is a highly anonymous and my ISP can't detect my IP address from it), would I visit my ISP and then from my ISP it will redirect me to the new proxy server that I provide? Will it know that there is someone using another proxy? Or will it go to another network rather than my ISP? Because I didn't get the view clearly. This question is related to the first one. When I use a VPN, I know that VPN provides for me a tunneling, encryption and much more features that a proxy can't. So my data is travelling securely and my ISP can't know what I'm doing. But my questions are: From where is the tunneling started? Does it start after I visit the ISP network (since they are the one that are responsible for forwarding my data and requests)? If so, then not all my connection is tunneled in this way, there is a part that is not being tunneled. Since, every time I need to do anything I have to go to my ISP and ask to do that. Correct me if I misunderstand this. I know that VPN can let my computer be virtually in another place and access its resources (ex: be like in my office while I'm in my home. This is done via VPN). If I use a VPN service provider so that I can access the internet securely and without being monitored by my ISP. In this case, where is my encrypted data saved? Is it saved in my ISP or in the VPN service provider? If I use a VPN, does anyone on the internet know what I'm doing or who I am? Even the VPN service provider? Can they know me? I think they should know the person that is asking for this VPN service, am I right?

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• Opscenter repair service times out. ERROR: Requested range intersects a local range [...]

  - by jlemire-zs

  My production cluster had the repair service enabled since april 16th with the default 9 days time to completion and repairs would complete properly. However, since may 22nd, it is being disabled automatically by Opscenter: From /var/log/opscenter/opscenterd.log: [...] 2014-06-03 21:13:47-0400 [zs_prod] ERROR: Repair task (<Node 10.1.0.22='6417880425364517165'>, (-4019838962446882275L, -4006140687792135587L), set(['zs_logging', 'OpsCenter'])) timed out after 3600 seconds. 2014-06-03 22:16:44-0400 [zs_prod] ERROR: Repair task (<Node 10.1.0.22='6417880425364517165'>, (-4006140687792135587L, -4006140687792135586L), set(['zs_logging', 'OpsCenter'])) timed out after 3600 seconds. 2014-06-03 22:16:44-0400 [zs_prod] ERROR: More than 100 errors during repair service, shutting down repair service 2014-06-03 22:16:44-0400 [zs_prod] INFO: Stopping repair service [...] From /var/log/opscenter/repair_service/zs_prod.log: [...] 2014-06-03 22:16:44-0400 [zs_prod] ERROR: Repair task (<Node 10.1.0.22='6417880425364517165'>, (-4006140687792135587L, -4006140687792135586L), set(['zs_logging', 'OpsCenter'])) timed out after 3600 seconds. 2014-06-03 22:16:44-0400 [zs_prod] ERROR: Task (<Node 10.1.0.22='6417880425364517165'>, (-4006140687792135587L, -4006140687792135586L), set(['zs_logging', 'OpsCenter'])) has failed 1 times. 2014-06-03 22:16:44-0400 [zs_prod] ERROR: 101 errors have ocurred out of 100 allowed. 2014-06-03 22:16:44-0400 [zs_prod] ERROR: More than 100 errors during repair service, shutting down repair service 2014-06-03 22:16:44-0400 [zs_prod] INFO: Stopping repair service On the nodes on which the repair fails, from /var/log/cassandra/system.log: ERROR [RMI TCP Connection(93502)-10.1.0.22] 2014-06-03 20:12:28,858 StorageService.java (line 2560) Repair session failed: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Requested range intersects a local range but is not fully contained in one; this would lead to i mprecise repair at org.apache.cassandra.service.ActiveRepairService.getNeighbors(ActiveRepairService.java:164) at org.apache.cassandra.repair.RepairSession.<init>(RepairSession.java:128) at org.apache.cassandra.repair.RepairSession.<init>(RepairSession.java:117) at org.apache.cassandra.service.ActiveRepairService.submitRepairSession(ActiveRepairService.java:97) at org.apache.cassandra.service.StorageService.forceKeyspaceRepair(StorageService.java:2620) at org.apache.cassandra.service.StorageService$5.runMayThrow(StorageService.java:2556) at org.apache.cassandra.utils.WrappedRunnable.run(WrappedRunnable.java:28) These errors, which only occurs if the repair service is running, are the only errors these nodes experience. Outside of the repair task, the Cassandra cluster works perfectly. I am running Opscenter 4.1.2 with a 6 nodes DSE 4.0.2 cluster installed on linux virtual machines. The nodes run a vanilla installation of Ubuntu Server 12.04 64-bit and DSE was installed and secured according to the provided installation documentation. I have been experiencing that problem on my development cluster for a while too (with DSE 4.0.0, 4.0.1 and 4.0.2), but I thought this was because of some configuration error on my part. The problem has appeared spontaneously at some point too. The Cassandra cluster has been working very smoothly with a good write throughput. It is very stable and has enough resources to work with. We did not notice any problems with the applications that depend on it.

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