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  • Design Pattern for Changing Object

    - by user210757
    Is there a Design Pattern for supporting different permutations object? Version 1 public class myOjbect { public string field1 { get; set; } /* requirements: max length 20 */ public int field2 { get; set; } . . . public decimal field200 { get; set; } } Version 2 public class myObject { public string field1 { get; set; } /* requirements: max length 40 */ public int field2 { get; set; } . . . public double field200 { get; set; } /* changed data types */ . . ./* 10 new properties */ public double field210 { get; set; } } of course I could just have separate objects, but thought there might be a good pattern for this sort of thing.

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  • And now for a complete change of direction from C++ function pointers

    - by David
    I am building a part of a simulator. We are building off of a legacy simulator, but going in different direction, incorporating live bits along side of the simulated bits. The piece I am working on has to, effectively route commands from the central controller to the various bits. In the legacy code, there is a const array populated with an enumerated type. A command comes in, it is looked up in the table, then shipped off to a switch statement keyed by the enumerated type. The type enumeration has a choice VALID_BUT_NOT_SIMULATED, which is effectively a no-op from the point of the sim. I need to turn those no-ops into commands to actual other things [new simulated bits| live bits]. The new stuff and the live stuff have different interfaces than the old stuff [which makes me laugh about the shill job that it took to make it all happen, but that is a topic for a different discussion]. I like the array because it is a very apt description of the live thing this chunk is simulating [latching circuits by row and column]. I thought that I would try to replace the enumerated types in the array with pointers to functions and call them directly. This would be in lieu of the lookup+switch.

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  • How to get a category listing from Magento?

    - by alex
    I want to create a page in Magento that shows a visual representation of the categories.. example CATEGORY product 1 product 2 ANOTHER CATEGORY product 3 My problem is, their database is organised very differently to what I've seen in the past. They have tables dedicated to data types like varchar, int, etc. I assume this is for performance or similiar. I haven't found a way to use MySQL to query the database and get a list of categories. I'd then like to match these categories to products, to get a listing of products for each category. Unfortunately Magento seems to make this very difficult. Also I have not found a method that will work from within a page block.. I have created showcase.phtml and put it in the XML layout and it displays and runs it's PHP code. I was hoping for something easy like looping through $this-getAllCategories(); and then a nested loop inside with something like $category-getChildProducts(); Can anyone help me? Thank you!

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  • How do I populate an NSMutableArray in one class with another object?

    - by AngeloS
    Hello, I know this is a simple answer, but I can't seem to find the solution. I created an object in its own class and I am trying to populate it with data from another class. For simple data types like NSString, I have no problem, but when trying make an NSMutableArray equal to another NSMutableArray or when I try to populate a NSMutableArray with another objects (like strings), I keep getting exception errors... Here is the object I am trying to populate: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface RSSFeedList : NSObject { NSString *subject; NSMutableArray *rssfeedDetail; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *subject; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *rssfeedDetail; @end This is how I was able to populate the NSString 'subject' in another class: rssFeedList.subject = @"test"; However, if I follow similar convention within that same class with respect to an Array, it throws an exception: rssFeedList.rssfeedDetail = rssItemDetailArray; Where rssItemDetailArray is a NSMutableArray that I have built in the same class. I have also tried to add items (i tried strings for testing) to the NSMutableArray directly like so to no avail: [rssFeedList.rssfeedDetail addObject:@"test"]; Any ideas?? Thanks in advance!!

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  • Why use shorter VARCHAR(n) fields?

    - by chryss
    It is frequently advised to choose database field sizes to be as narrow as possible. I am wondering to what degree this applies to SQL Server 2005 VARCHAR columns: Storing 10-letter English words in a VARCHAR(255) field will not take up more storage than in a VARCHAR(10) field. Are there other reasons to restrict the size of VARCHAR fields to stick as closely as possible to the size of the data? I'm thinking of Performance: Is there an advantage to using a smaller n when selecting, filtering and sorting on the data? Memory, including on the application side (C++)? Style/validation: How important do you consider restricting colunm size to force non-sensical data imports to fail (such as 200-character surnames)? Anything else? Background: I help data integrators with the design of data flows into a database-backed system. They have to use an API that restricts their choice of data types. For character data, only VARCHAR(n) with n <= 255 is available; CHAR, NCHAR, NVARCHAR and TEXT are not. We're trying to lay down some "good practices" rules, and the question has come up if there is a real detriment to using VARCHAR(255) even for data where real maximum sizes will never exceed 30 bytes or so. Typical data volumes for one table are 1-10 Mio records with up to 150 attributes. Query performance (SELECT, with frequently extensive WHERE clauses) and application-side retrieval performance are paramount.

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  • Why can a public class not inherit from a less visible one?

    - by Dan Tao
    I apologize if this question has been asked before. I've searched SO somewhat and wasn't able to find it. I'm just curious what the rationale behind this design was/is. Obviously I understand that private/internal members of a base type cannot, nor should they, be exposed through a derived public type. But it seems to my naive thinking that the "hidden" parts could easily remain hidden while some base functionality is still shared and a new interface is exposed publicly. I'm thinking of something along these lines: Assembly X internal class InternalClass { protected virtual void DoSomethingProtected() { // Let's say this method provides some useful functionality. // Its visibility is quite limited (only to derived types in // the same assembly), but at least it's there. } } public class PublicClass : InternalClass { public void DoSomethingPublic() { // Now let's say this method is useful enough that this type // should be public. What's keeping us from leveraging the // base functionality laid out in InternalClass's implementation, // without exposing anything that shouldn't be exposed? } } Assembly Y public class OtherPublicClass : PublicClass { // It seems (again, to my naive mind) that this could work. This class // simply wouldn't be able to "see" any of the methods of InternalClass // from AssemblyX directly. But it could still access the public and // protected members of PublicClass that weren't inherited from // InternalClass. Does this make sense? What am I missing? }

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  • Why do we need serialization in web service

    - by Cloud2010
    I have one webservice: public class Product { public int ProductId { get; set; } public string ProductName { get; set; } } public class Service : System.Web.Services.WebService { public Service () { //Uncomment the following line if using designed components //InitializeComponent(); } [WebMethod] public List<Product> GetItems() { List<Product> productList = new List<Product>() { new Product{ProductId=1,ProductName="Pencil"}, new Product{ProductId=2,ProductName="Pen"} }; return productList; } and in a asp.net application I am consuming it like: localhost.Service s = new localhost.Service(); List<localhost.Product> k = new List<localhost.Product>(); k = s.GetItems().ToList(); // i am getting the values here. now my question is do I need to serialize my webmethod as i am returning custom types? when should we serialize ? is it necessary at all, if yes , then what are the conditions?

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  • C++ universal data type

    - by Gokul
    I have a universal data type, which is passed by value, but does not maintain the type information. We store only pointers and basic data types(like int, float etc) inside this. Now for the first time, we need to store std::string inside this. So we decided to convert it into std::string* and store it. Then comes the problem of destruction. We don't like to copy the std::string every time. So i am thinking of an approach like this. Say the data type looks like this class Atom { public : enum flags { IS_STRING, IS_EMPTY, HAS_GOT_COPIED, MARKER }; private: void* m_value; std::bitset<MARKER> m_flags; public: ..... Atom( Atom& atm ) { atm.m_flags.set( HAS_GOT_COPIED ); ..... } ..... ~Atom() { if( m_flags.test(IS_STRING) && !m_flags.test(HAS_GOT_COPIED) ) { std::string* val = static_cast<std::string*>(m_value); delete val; } } }; Is this a good approach to find out whether there is no more reference to std::string*? Any comments.. Thanks, Gokul.

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  • calculating change (over a period) for a dated field

    - by morpheous
    I have two tables with the following schema: CREATE TABLE sales_data ( sales_time date NOT NULL, product_id integer NOT NULL, sales_amt double NOT NULL ); CREATE TABLE date_dimension ( id integer NOT NULL, datestamp date NOT NULL, day_part integer NOT NULL, week_part integer NOT NULL, month_part integer NOT NULL, qtr_part integer NOT NULL, year_part integer NOT NULL, ); I want to write two types of queries that will allow me to calculate: period on period change (e.g. week on week change) change in period on period change (e.g. change in week on week change) I would prefer to write this in ANSI SQL, since I dont want to be tied to any particular db. [Edit] In light of some of the comments, if I have to be tied to a single database (in terms of SQL dialect), it will have to be PostgreSQL The queries I want to write are of the form (pseudo SQL of course): Query Type 1 (Period on Period Change) ======================================= a). select product_id, ((sd2.sales_amt - sd1.sales_amt)/sd1.sales_amt) as week_on_week_change from sales_data sd1, sales_data sd2, date_dimension dd where {SOME CRITERIA) b). select product_id, ((sd2.sales_amt - sd1.sales_amt)/sd1.sales_amt) as month_on_month_change from sales_data sd1, sales_data sd2, date_dimension dd where {SOME CRITERIA) Query Type 2 (Change in Period on Period Change) ================================================= a). select product_id, ((a2.week_on_week_change - a1.week_on_week_change)/a1.week_on_week_change) as change_on_week_on_week_change from (select product_id, ((sd2.sales_amt - sd1.sales_amt)/sd1.sales_amt) as week_on_week_change from sales_data sd1, sales_data sd2, date_dimension dd where {SOME CRITERIA) as a1), (select product_id, ((sd2.sales_amt - sd1.sales_amt)/sd1.sales_amt) as week_on_week_change from sales_data sd1, sales_data sd2, date_dimension dd where {SOME CRITERIA) as a2) WHERE {SOME OTHER CRITERIA}

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  • How to make restrictions on XML Schema Complex type?

    - by chobo2
    Hi I am reading the tutorials on w3cschools ( http://www.w3schools.com/schema/schema_complex.asp ) but they don't seem to mention how you could add restrictions on complex types. Like for instance I have this schema. <xs:element name="employee"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> now I want to make sure the firstname is no more then 10 characters long. How do I do this? I tried to put in the simple type for the firstname but it says I can't do that since I am using a complex type. So how do I put restrictions like that on the file so the people who I give the schema to don't try to make the firstname 100 characters.

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  • Detect that the onscreen keyboard has been displayed on Windows Phone 7

    - by David_001
    Simple question: How do I detect that the onscreen keyboard has been displayed on windows mobile 7? Is there an event I can add a listener to? It takes up about half the screen and I want to scroll the view up when it gets displayed... EDIT: A comment below indicates more clearly what I'm trying to do: I have a textbox input, and as the user types into it an autocomplete dropdown appears below it (like google suggest). By default, the active control (the textbox) scrolls into view when focussed, and the onscreen keyboard is directly below it. The onscreen keyboard appears in front of my autocomplete dropdown - what I want to do is make the screen scroll a little further up, so there's some room for my dropdown to be shown. The windows phone UI design guidelines say: "When the keyboard is deployed, the application should scroll to ensure the active edit control and the caret are in view". This happens fine, it's just the non-active dropdown gets hidden behind the onscreen keyboard. The guidelines also say that an application can choose to show the onscreen keyboard, and can also choose to close it. At the moment i'm stuck, and I don't think (based on my research and the replies to this question) that it's possible to detect that the onscreen keyboard has been displayed. I'm moving my investigation to see if it's possible to determine the "visible area" of the page (width & height in pixels for example), and combine this with an onfocus for the textbox... not sure if this will prove fruitful though.

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  • in haskell, why do I need to specify type constraints, why can't the compiler figure them out?

    - by Steve
    Consider the function, add a b = a + b This works: *Main> add 1 2 3 However, if I add a type signature specifying that I want to add things of the same type: add :: a -> a -> a add a b = a + b I get an error: test.hs:3:10: Could not deduce (Num a) from the context () arising from a use of `+' at test.hs:3:10-14 Possible fix: add (Num a) to the context of the type signature for `add' In the expression: a + b In the definition of `add': add a b = a + b So GHC clearly can deduce that I need the Num type constraint, since it just told me: add :: Num a => a -> a -> a add a b = a + b Works. Why does GHC require me to add the type constraint? If I'm doing generic programming, why can't it just work for anything that knows how to use the + operator? In C++ template programming, you can do this easily: #include <string> #include <cstdio> using namespace std; template<typename T> T add(T a, T b) { return a + b; } int main() { printf("%d, %f, %s\n", add(1, 2), add(1.0, 3.4), add(string("foo"), string("bar")).c_str()); return 0; } The compiler figures out the types of the arguments to add and generates a version of the function for that type. There seems to be a fundamental difference in Haskell's approach, can you describe it, and discuss the trade-offs? It seems to me like it would be resolved if GHC simply filled in the type constraint for me, since it obviously decided it was needed. Still, why the type constraint at all? Why not just compile successfully as long as the function is only used in a valid context where the arguments are in Num? Thank you.

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  • can I store an id value in array of float type ?

    - by srikanth rongali
    I used, for(id value in values) to get the value from an NSArray. Now I want to store it in 2 dimensional float array[][]. When I try to assign the values to array it is giving error:incompatible types in assignment. I tried to cast the value but I got error: pointer value used where a floating point value was expected. I need to store the values in an 2 dimensional array . How can I make it ? Thank You. @implementation fromFileRead1 NSString *fileNameString; int numberOfEnemies, numberOfValues; -(id)init { if( (self = [super init]) ) { NSString *path = @"/Users/sridhar/Desktop/Projects/exampleOnFile2/enemyDetals.txt"; NSString *contentsOfFile = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path]; NSArray *lines = [contentsOfFile componentsSeparatedByString:@"\n"]; numberOfEnemies = [lines count]; NSLog(@"The number of Lines: %d", numberOfEnemies); for (id line in lines) { NSLog(@"Line %@", line ); NSString *string1 = line; NSArray *split1 = [string1 componentsSeparatedByString:@","]; numberOfValues = [split1 count]; NSLog(@"The number of values in Row: %d", numberOfValues); for (id value in split1) { NSLog(@"value %@", value); float value1; value1 = [split1 objectAtIndex:2]); NSLog(@"VAlue of Value1 at index 2: %f", value1 ); } } } return self; } @end In enemyDetal.txt I have 1,3,3 2,3,2.8 10,2,1.6

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  • Most Efficient way to deal with multiple CCSprites?

    - by nardsurfer
    I have four different types of objects within my environment(box2d), each type of object having multiple instances of itself, and would like to find the most efficient way to deal with adding and manipulating all the CCSprites. The sprites are all from different files, so would it be best to create each sprite and add it to a data structure (NSMutableArray) or would I use a CCSpriteBatchNode even though each CCSprite file is different (for each type of object)? Thanks. @interface LevelScene : CCLayer { b2World* world; GLESDebugDraw *m_debugDraw; CCSpriteBatchNode *ballBatch; CCSpriteBatchNode *blockBatch; CCSpriteBatchNode *springBatch; CCSprite *goal; } +(id) scene; // adds a new sprite at a given coordinate -(void) addNewBallWithCoords:(CGPoint)p; // loads the objects (blocks, springs, and the goal), returns the Level Object -(Level) loadLevel:(int)level; @end or using NSMutableArray objects within the Level object... @interface zLevel : zThing { NSMutableArray *springs; NSMutableArray *blocks; NSMutableArray *balls; zGoal *goal; int levelNumber; } @property(nonatomic,retain)NSMutableArray *springs; @property(nonatomic,retain)NSMutableArray *blocks; @property(nonatomic,retain)NSMutableArray *balls; @property(nonatomic,retain)zGoal *goal; @property(nonatomic,assign)int levelNumber; -(void)initWithLevel:(int)level; -(void)loadLevelThings; @end

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  • VB.NET Button Issue

    - by Michael
    I am having problem with a button the code of my button is. Private Sub btnCalculateCosts_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnCalculateCosts.Click it handles: ' This Calculate Costs button click event handler edits the ' registration(costs) form to ensure it contains valid data. ' Then, after passing control to the business class, it ' displays the registration cost. Dim objCourse As Course Dim objCourseCostsFile As Course Dim InputError As Boolean = False ' Is student ID entered properly If Me.txtCorporateID.MaskFull = False Then MessageBox.Show("Enter your Corporate ID in the Corporate ID box", _ "Error") Me.txtCorporateID.Clear() Me.txtCorporateID.Focus() InputError = True ' Is student name entered properly ElseIf Me.txtFirstName.TextLength < 1 Or _ Me.txtFirstName.Text < "A" Then MessageBox.Show("Please enter your first name in the First Name box", "Error") Me.txtFirstName.Clear() Me.txtFirstName.Focus() InputError = True ' Is number of units entered properly ElseIf Me.txtLastName.TextLength < 1 Or _ Me.txtLastName.Text < "A" Then MessageBox.Show("Please enter your last name in the Last Name box", "Error") Me.txtLastName.Clear() Me.txtLastName.Focus() InputError = True ' Is number of units entered properly ElseIf Not IsNumeric(Me.txtNumberOfDays.Text) Then MessageBox.Show("Enter the units in the Number of Units box", _ "Error") Me.txtNumberOfDays.Clear() Me.txtNumberOfDays.Focus() InputError = True ' Has 1-4 units been entered ElseIf Convert.ToInt32(Me.txtNumberOfDays.Text) < 1 _ Or Convert.ToInt32(Me.txtNumberOfDays.Text) > 4 Then MessageBox.Show("Units must be 1 - 4", "Error") Me.txtNumberOfDays.Clear() Me.txtNumberOfDays.Focus() InputError = True End If ' If no input error, process the registration costs If Not InputError Then If Me.radPreConferenceCourse.Checked = False Then objCourse = New Course(txtCorporateID.Text, txtFirstName.Text, txtLastName.Text, txtNumberOfDays.Text) Me.lblCosts.Visible = True Me.lblCosts.Text = "Total Conference Costs Are: " _ & (objCourse.ComputeCosts()).ToString("C2") Else objCourse = New Course(txtCorporateID.Text, txtFirstName.Text, txtLastName.Text, txtNumberOfDays.Text, g) Me.lblCosts.Visible = True Me.lblCosts.Text = "Total Conference Costs Are: " _ & (objCourse.ComputeCosts()).ToString("C2") Receiving the error: Handles clause requrieres a WithEvents variable defined in the containing type or one of its base types.

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  • Accessing both stored procedure output parameters AND the result set in Entity Framework?

    - by MS.
    Is there any way of accessing both a result set and output parameters from a stored procedure added in as a function import in an Entity Framework model? I am finding that if I set the return type to "None" such that the designer generated code ends up calling base.ExecuteFunction(...) that I can access the output parameters fine after calling the function (but of course not the result set). Conversely if I set the return type in the designer to a collection of complex types then the designer generated code calls base.ExecuteFunction<T>(...) and the result set is returned as ObjectResult<T> but then the value property for the ObjectParameter instances is NULL rather than containing the proper value that I can see being passed back in Profiler. I speculate the second method is perhaps calling a DataReader and not closing it. Is this a known issue? Any work arounds or alternative approaches? Edit My code currently looks like public IEnumerable<FooBar> GetFooBars( int? param1, string param2, DateTime from, DateTime to, out DateTime? createdDate, out DateTime? deletedDate) { var createdDateParam = new ObjectParameter("CreatedDate", typeof(DateTime)); var deletedDateParam = new ObjectParameter("DeletedDate", typeof(DateTime)); var fooBars = MyContext.GetFooBars(param1, param2, from, to, createdDateParam, deletedDateParam); createdDate = (DateTime?)(createdDateParam.Value == DBNull.Value ? null : createdDateParam.Value); deletedDate = (DateTime?)(deletedDateParam.Value == DBNull.Value ? null : deletedDateParam.Value); return fooBars; }

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  • Switching Between Cards in a CardLayout using getParent()

    - by plutoisaplanet
    Hey everyone, I am writing an application where I am using the CardLayout to swap between two panels that are placed right on top of one another. There's a JPanel called Top, and it's layout is the CardLayout. Inside this JPanel is a JPanel called CMatch. Whenever the user clicks the submit button in the CMatch panel, I want a new JPanel added to Top that is custom built based on what the user types in, and it will be shown instead of the original CMatch panel. All of this done using the CardLayout. These are all different classes in different files, however (the panel Top with CardLayout, the panel CMatch that is inside the Top panel, and the custom built panel). So i tried using the following to add the new panel to the Top panel and then have it shown: (this code takes place in the CMatch class): private void submitButtionActionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { CardLayout cl = (CardLayout)(this.getParent().getLayout()); cl.addLayoutComponent(new CChoice(), "college_choices"); cl.show(this.getParent(), "college_choices"); } However, this didn't work. So i was wondering, what am I doing wrong? Any advice is greatly appreciated, thanks!

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  • "Find all tiles connected to this one" project

    - by Omega
    Remember MS Paint? The bucket tool? If you used it and clicked on a pixel, all pixels connected to this pixel that are the same are affected. The theory is, I suppose, to check if there is any pixel adjacent to the selected one. If such pixel is the same type as the selected one, check for more adjacent pixels in this one, and so on. I want to implement something similar in VB.NET. Basically I have a 2D array map which represents the map. Let's assume there are only two types of tile: 0 and 1. Now, I got pretty much everything ready: I got my 2d map and I can tell which tile is clicked and tell what array indexes are the ones that represent such tile. Now for the "painting" process. Whenever I think about it, I can't figure a convenient way to execute such iteration. Can someone help me choosing a correct design/way/tip to achieve this?

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  • Vector Usage in MPI(C++)

    - by lsk1985
    I am new to MPI programming,stiil learning , i was successful till creating the Derived data-types by defining the structures . Now i want to include Vector in my structure and want to send the data across the Process. for ex: struct Structure{ //Constructor Structure(): X(nodes),mass(nodes),ac(nodes) { //code to calculate the mass and accelerations } //Destructor Structure() {} //Variables double radius; double volume; vector<double> mass; vector<double> area; //and some other variables //Methods to calculate some physical properties Now using MPI i want to sent the data in the structure across the processes. Is it possible for me to create the MPI_type_struct vectors included and send the data? I tried reading through forums, but i am not able to get the clear picture from the responses given there. Hope i would be able to get a clear idea or approach to send the data PS: i can send the data individually , but its an overhead of sending the data using may MPI_Send/Recieve if we consider the domain very large(say 10000*10000)

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  • Troubleshooting multiple GET variables In PHP

    - by V413HAV
    This may be a very simple question but I don't what's the wrong thing am doing here... To explain you clearly, I've set a real simple example below: <ul> <li><a href="test.php?link1=true">Link 1</a></li> <li><a href="test.php?link2=true">Link 2</a></li> <li><a href="test.php?link3=true">Link 3</a></li> </ul> <?php if(isset($_GET['link1'])) { if(($_GET['link1']) == 'true') { echo 'This Is Link 1'; } } if(isset($_GET['link2'])) { if(($_GET['link2']) == 'true') { echo 'This Is Link 2'; } } if(isset($_GET['link3'])) { if(($_GET['link3']) == 'true') { echo 'This Is Link 3'; } } ?> This is a test.php page, here I've set 3 different arguments for $_GET, and show contents accordingly, now everything works perfect, the only thing am not understanding is how to block this kind of url say if user clicks on link 1 the url will be : http://localhost/test.php?link1=true And the Output of this url is This is Link 1 Now if I change this url to : http://localhost/test.php?link3=true&link2=true&link1=true And the Output what I get is This Is Link 1This Is Link 2This Is Link 3 Now this is ok here, but it's very annoying if someone types this and see's forms one below the other, any way I can stop this tampering?

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  • Prevent coersion to a single type in unlist() or c(); passing arguments to wrapper functions

    - by Leo Alekseyev
    Is there a simple way to flatten a list while retaining the original types of list constituents?.. Is there a way to programmatically construct a heterogeneous list?.. For instance, I want to create a simple wrapper for functions like png(filename,width,height) that would take device name, file name, and a list of options. The naive approach would be something like my.wrapper <- function(dev,name,opts) { do.call(dev,c(filename=name,opts)) } or similar code with unlist(list(...)). This doesn't work because opts gets coerced to character, and the resulting call is e.g. png(filename,width="500",height="500"). If there's no straightforward way to create heterogeneous lists like that, is there a standard idiomatic way to splice arguments into functions without naming them explicitly (e.g. do.call(dev,list(filename=name,width=opts["width"]))? -- Edit -- Gavin Simpson answered both questions below in his discussion about constructing wrapper functions. Let me give a summary of the answer to the title question: It is possible to construct a heterogeneous list with c() provided the arguments to c() are lists. To wit: > foo <- c("a","b"); bar <- 1:3 > c(foo,bar) [1] "a" "b" "1" "2" "3" > c(list(foo),list(bar)) [[1]] [1] "a" "b" [[2]] [1] 1 2 3 > c(as.list(foo),as.list(bar)) ## this creates a flattened heterogeneous list [[1]] [1] "a" [[2]] [1] "b" [[3]] [1] 1 [[4]] [1] 2 [[5]] [1] 3

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  • Memory allocation patterns in C++

    - by Mahatma
    I am confused about the memory allocation in C++ in terms of the memory areas such as Const data area, Stack, Heap, Freestore, Heap and Global/Static area. I would like to understand the memory allocation pattern in the following snippet. Can anyone help me to understand this. If there any thing more apart from the variable types mentioned in the example to help understand the concept better please alter the example. class FooBar { int n; //Stored in stack? public: int pubVar; //stored in stack? void foo(int param) //param stored in stack { int *pp = new int; //int is allocated on heap. n = param; static int nStat; //Stored in static area of memory int nLoc; //stored in stack? string str = "mystring"; //stored in stack? .. if(CONDITION) { static int nSIf; //stored in static area of memory int loopvar; //stored in stack .. } } } int main(int) { Foobar bar; //bar stored in stack? or a part of it? Foobar *pBar; //pBar is stored in stack pBar = new Foobar(); //the object is created in heap? What part of the object is stored on heap } EDIT: What confuses me is, if pBar = new Foobar(); stores the object on the heap, how come int nLoc; and int pubVar;, that are components of the object stored on stack? Sounds contradictory to me. Shouldn't the lifetime of pubvar and pBar be the same?

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  • "pseudo-atomic" operations in C++

    - by dan
    So I'm aware that nothing is atomic in C++. But I'm trying to figure out if there are any "pseudo-atomic" assumptions I can make. The reason is that I want to avoid using mutexes in some simple situations where I only need very weak guarantees. 1) Suppose I have globally defined volatile bool b, which initially I set true. Then I launch a thread which executes a loop while(b) doSomething(); Meanwhile, in another thread, I execute b=true. Can I assume that the first thread will continue to execute? In other words, if b starts out as true, and the first thread checks the value of b at the same time as the second thread assigns b=true, can I assume that the first thread will read the value of b as true? Or is it possible that at some intermediate point of the assignment b=true, the value of b might be read as false? 2) Now suppose that b is initially false. Then the first thread executes bool b1=b; bool b2=b; if(b1 && !b2) bad(); while the second thread executes b=true. Can I assume that bad() never gets called? 3) What about an int or other builtin types: suppose I have volatile int i, which is initially (say) 7, and then I assign i=7. Can I assume that, at any time during this operation, from any thread, the value of i will be equal to 7? 4) I have volatile int i=7, and then I execute i++ from some thread, and all other threads only read the value of i. Can I assume that i never has any value, in any thread, except for either 7 or 8? 5) I have volatile int i, from one thread I execute i=7, and from another I execute i=8. Afterwards, is i guaranteed to be either 7 or 8 (or whatever two values I have chosen to assign)?

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  • Using MPI_Type_Vector and MPI_Gather, in C.

    - by Goloneg
    Hi, I am trying to multiply square matrices in parallele with MPI. I use a MPI_Type_vector to send square submatrixes (arrays of float) to the processes, so they can calculate subproducts. Then, for the next iterations, these submatrices are send to neighbours processes as MPI_Type_contiguous (the whole submatrix is sent). This part is working as expected, and local results are corrects. Then, I use MPI_Gather with the contiguous types to send all local results back to the root process. The problem is, the final matrix is build (obviously, by this method) line by line instead of submatrix by submatrix. I wrote an ugly procedure rearranging the final matrix, but I would like to know if there is a direct way of performing the "inverse" operation of sending MPI_Type_vectors (i.e., sending an array of values and directly arranging it in a subarray form in the receiving array). An example, to try and clarify my long text : A[16] and B[16] are 4x4 matrices to be multiplied ; C[16] will contain the result ; 4 processes are used (Pi with i from 0 to 3) : Pi gets two 2x2 submatrices : subAi[4] and subBi[4] ; their product is stored locally in subCi[4]. For instance, P0 gets : subA0[4] containing A[0], A[1], A[4] and A[5] ; subB0[4] containing B[0], B[1], B[4] and B[5]. After everything is calculed, root process gathers all subCi[4]. Then C[16] contains : [ subC0[0], subC0[1], subC0[2], subC0[3], subC1[0], subC1[1], subC1[2], subC1[3], subC2[0], subC2[1], subC2[2], subC2[3], subC3[0], subC3[1], subC3[2], subC3[3]] and I would like it to be : [ subC0[0], subC0[1], subC1[0], subC1[1], subC0[2], subC0[3], subC1[2], subC1[3], subC2[0], subC2[1], subC3[0], subC3[1], subC2[2], subC2[3], subC3[2], subC3[3]] without further operation. Does someone know a way ? Thanks for your advices.

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  • Alternative to Altova's MissionKit

    - by nomad311
    Anyone know of any good alternatives (other than those listed below which really are only good at specific XML development tasks)? The Why (if you're interested): I've been doing XML development on and off for years now, but someone brought XMLSpy to my attention recently, and it is awesome - the price isn't. Lately I've been using a combination of: Notepad++ (modifying XML) EditX (validating/debugging XML) Eclipse (designing schemas) and MS Visual Studio (validating schemas) ...based on which makes the task(s) easiest. But, I've just found out that we will be using XSL transformations to generate XML in the future. I've never used mission kit before, but I'm just short of positive XMLSpy replaces all the above mentioned tool for XML development. And if their XSL tools are anywhere near the caliber of XMLSpy ...simply put I need it. I don't believe that I can convince the budgeting types to buy licenses for MissionKit at $1000 each (won't stop me from trying). In the mean while some research on alternatives won't hurt, but a few Google queries has only revealed that not many people pay for Altova's (overpriced?) software as there are mostly links to P2P sites for downloading a more free-like version of MissionKit.

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